A method and device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, comprising a workbench with a horizontal surface, a supporting square column, a reflector and a theodolite, wherein the supporting square column and the reflector are placed on the workbench, and the reflective surface of the reflector is parallel to the vertical side surface of the supporting square column; the mounting frame can be placed on the supporting square column, and the horizontal mounting surface is placed on the top surface of the supporting square column, and the vertical mounting surface is against the vertical side surface. The present invention also provides a method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, and the above technical scheme is adopted by the device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system as described above. The method and device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system of the present invention have a simple device structure and are easy to operate. They can be used more conveniently in the regular inspection of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system, and have low measurement cost and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, and belongs to the technical field of precision measurement. Background Art

[0002] In addition to being a precision aiming instrument widely used in various artillery, firearms, tanks and other weapons, the sight is also used as a positioning tool aiming system with corresponding special instruments in various observation instruments, manufacturing, aerospace, military equipment, biomedicine and other cutting-edge technologies. For example, in the aiming device used to locate the aircraft landing system, the telescope barrel is fixed on the matching mounting frame, and the aiming angle of the barrel is required to be constant relative to the mounting contact surface of the mounting frame, such as Figure 1 , 2 The figure shows the assembly structure of a telescope lens barrel 1 and a mounting frame 2 of an existing aircraft landing system aiming system. The mounting frame 2 includes a support portion 21 and a mounting portion 22. The support portion 21 is fixed to the lens barrel 1. The mounting portion 22 has a horizontal mounting surface A and a vertical mounting surface B that are perpendicular to each other. In the standard state, a vertical surface C where the visual axis of the lens barrel 1 is located is perpendicular to both the horizontal mounting surface A and the vertical mounting surface B. An installation position is provided on the aircraft, and the mounting portion 22 is installed on the installation position in a fixed installation shape and position, so that the aiming angle of the lens barrel 1 is constant, which requires that the aiming angle of the lens barrel 1 is constant relative to the mounting frame 2. Since the equipment will be worn during daily use, the aiming angle of the lens barrel 1 will change, that is, the aiming angle of the lens barrel 1 will have a shape and position error with the mounting contact surface of the mounting frame 2. When the mounting frame is installed on the aircraft, the aiming angle will deviate from the standard state. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly detect and calibrate the aiming device. After the detection, if it is found that the observation angle deviation of the telescope exceeds the allowable range, fine-tuning can be performed to make the overall performance of the system meet the requirements. However, there is currently no efficient and simple method or device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel. During regular inspections, the integrated structure of the barrel and the mounting frame needs to be returned to the factory for inspection using complex precision instruments, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and simple method and device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a device for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, wherein the barrel is fixed on a mounting frame, the mounting frame comprises a supporting portion and a mounting portion, the supporting portion is fixed to the barrel, the mounting portion has a horizontal mounting surface and a vertical mounting surface perpendicular to each other, and the mounting portion can be mounted on a mounting position of an aircraft in a fixed mounting position; the device for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system comprises a workbench with a horizontal surface, a supporting square column, a reflector and a theodolite, the supporting square column and the reflector are placed on the workbench, the reflective surface of the reflector is parallel to the vertical side surface of the supporting square column; the mounting frame can be placed on the supporting square column, and the horizontal mounting surface is placed on the top surface of the supporting square column, and the vertical mounting surface is placed against the vertical side surface; the theodolite and the barrel can achieve mutual aiming of the same visual axis, and the theodolite can be self-aligned through the reflector.

[0005] The device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system also includes a light source, which is used to illuminate the barrel at the eyepiece side of the barrel so that the barrel forms a light tube, so as to facilitate the theodolite to observe the crosshairs in the barrel.

[0006] The reflector includes a right angle prism.

[0007] The supporting square columns include marble square columns.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, which is implemented by the above-mentioned device for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, and comprises the following steps:

[0009] Place the supporting square column on the workbench, place the integrated structure of the lens barrel and the mounting frame on the supporting square column, so that the horizontal mounting surface of the mounting frame is placed on the top surface of the supporting square column, and the vertical mounting surface is against the vertical side surface of the supporting square column; place the reflector on the workbench, and make the reflective surface of the reflector parallel to the vertical side surface;

[0010] The theodolite is adjusted so that the theodolite can achieve mutual sighting with the lens barrel and can be self-aligned through the reflector. The vertical reading Y1 when the theodolite and the lens barrel achieve mutual sighting with the same axis and the vertical reading Y2 when the theodolite is self-aligned through the reflector are recorded. The elevation angle δ of the lens barrel is:

[0011] δ=|Y2-Y1|-(90°-α1);

[0012] Among them, α1 is the actual right angle value of the right angle prism.

[0013] The present invention also includes the step of detecting the yaw angle of the lens barrel:

[0014] Adjust the theodolite so that the theodolite telescope is aimed at the last scale mark of the horizontal line segment in the crosshairs of the telescope tube. The vertical angle reading on the electronic theodolite screen is Y3, and the yaw angle θ of the telescope tube is:

[0015] θ=|Y3-Y1|.

[0016] The present invention also includes the step of detecting the azimuth angle of the lens barrel comprising:

[0017] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, when adjusting the self-collimation prism of the electronic theodolite telescope, the horizontal reading on the electronic theodolite screen is recorded as X2. When the electronic theodolite telescope is aimed at the bright cross line at the center of the measured tube, the horizontal angle reading on the electronic theodolite screen is recorded as X1. The azimuth angle Φ of the measured tube is:

[0018] Φ=|X2-X1|.

[0019] By adopting the above technical scheme, the method and device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system of the present invention have a simple device structure and are easy to operate. They can be used more conveniently in the regular inspection of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system, and have low measurement cost and high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the aircraft aiming system telescope barrel.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of the aircraft aiming system telescope barrel.

[0022] Figure 3 Side view of the telescope barrel for the aircraft aiming system

[0023] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system.

[0024] Figure 5 This is the schematic diagram of the lens barrel pitch angle test.

[0025] Figure 6 This is the schematic diagram of the lens barrel yaw angle test.

[0026] Figure 7 This is the schematic diagram of the tube azimuth angle test.

[0027] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of a right-angle prism.

[0028] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the bright lines of the theodolite self-collimation cross.

[0029] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the crosshairs inside the tested lens barrel.

[0030] Fig.11 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] The present invention provides a method for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system. Figure 1-3 As shown, the lens barrel 1 is fixed on the mounting frame 2, and the mounting frame 2 includes a supporting portion 21 and a mounting portion 22. The supporting portion 21 is fixed to the lens barrel 1, and the mounting portion 22 has a horizontal mounting surface and a vertical mounting surface that are perpendicular to each other. The mounting portion 22 can be installed in a mounting position of the aircraft in a fixed mounting position.

[0033] The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system is realized by a device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the measuring device for the angle of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system includes a workbench 3 with a horizontal surface, a supporting square column, a reflector and a theodolite 4, wherein the supporting square column and the reflector are placed on the workbench 3, and the reflecting surface of the reflector is parallel to the vertical side surface of the supporting square column; the mounting frame 22 can be placed on the supporting square column, and the horizontal mounting surface is placed on the top surface of the supporting square column, and the vertical mounting surface is against the vertical side surface.

[0035] In this embodiment, the reflector is a right-angle prism 5 , and the supporting square column is a marble square column 6 .

[0036] The theodolite 4 and the lens barrel 1 can realize mutual aiming with the same visual axis, and the theodolite 4 can be self-aligned through the reflector.

[0037] The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system comprises the following steps.

[0038] Before measuring, use a level to level the marble workbench. Then place the marble square column on the workbench so that the upper surface of the marble square column and the surface of the marble workbench are both in a horizontal state.

[0039] Then remove the screws on the bottom of the tooling of the aiming system to be measured, and place the lens barrel and the mounting frame in the middle of the upper surface of the marble square column. The vertical mounting surface of the mounting frame is placed flush with the vertical side surface of the front end of the marble square column using a clamp.

[0040] A light source 7 is provided at one end of the eyepiece of the measured lens barrel 1, and the light source 7 can illuminate the lens barrel 1, so that the lens barrel 1 forms a light tube, which is convenient for the electronic theodolite 4 to observe the crosshairs at the center of the lens barrel 1. The lens barrel magnification knob is adjusted so that the magnification scribed line is at the magnification position required for calibration (usually the minimum magnification).

[0041] Place the top of the right-angle prism on the workbench and in the center of the front end of the marble column. One of the right-angle faces of the right-angle prism is the observation face, and the observation face is facing the electronic theodolite, so that the observation face of the right-angle prism, the vertical side face of the front end of the marble column, and the vertical mounting face of the mounting frame are all in a parallel state. At this time, the center position of the observation face of the right-angle prism and the center position of the measured lens barrel are both on the middle surface of the marble column.

[0042] Assemble the theodolite and the bracket, adjust the position and height of the theodolite telescope to find a suitable position, so that the theodolite observation position is on the center line of the square column, the angle of the theodolite telescope can vertically observe the observation surface of the right-angle prism (to ensure that the vertical angle can be measured by self-collimation) and the angle of the theodolite telescope can be adjusted to observe the crosshairs in the center of the measured tube.

[0043] Observe the bubble on the bracket for rough leveling and center and level the electronic theodolite. First use the circular level on the base to roughly level the electronic theodolite, and then use the long level to accurately level it. After leveling, make sure that the bubble of the long level always stays in the center of the long level when the horizontal dial of the electronic theodolite is rotated to any position. Use the instrument's optical plumb bob to center the instrument. After the instrument is finely leveled, the center of the plumb bob's graticule coincides precisely with the ground mark. Observe the edge of the marble column so that the observation point of the theodolite telescope is on the center line of the marble column to determine the position of the electronic theodolite. Use a glue gun to fix the bracket base on the ground to prevent shaking during subsequent observations that affect the measurement. At this point, the preparation of the electronic theodolite and tooling is complete and subsequent testing can be carried out.

[0044] The steps of detecting the pitch angle of the lens barrel in the present invention include: first aligning the theodolite telescope with the observation surface of the right-angle prism, vertically aiming, pressing the [collimation] key on the instrument panel, adjusting the focus knob on the eyepiece side of the theodolite telescope to adjust the focal length, so that the cross bright lines of the collimation reticle returned from the right-angle prism are clear. Then adjust the vertical brake knob and the horizontal brake knob so that the observed cross bright lines overlap and are centered, such as Fig. 9 At this time, the vertical angle reading after the theodolite self-collimates and observes the observation surface of the right-angle prism is recorded as the vertical reading Y2.

[0045] Adjust the elevation angle of the theodolite telescope to aim at the center of the optical tube of the measured tube, turn the focus knob to adjust the focal length and find a clear crosshair in the center of the measured tube. Adjust the horizontal and vertical knobs of the theodolite to center the crosshairs of the measured tube, such as Fig.10As shown, make the centers of the two crosshairs of the theodolite and the measured lens tube coincide. When the two instruments are aimed at each other, the centers of the crosshairs should coincide. At this time, the vertical angle reading of the theodolite is recorded as the vertical reading Y1. Then the measured elevation angle δ of the lens tube is:

[0046] δ=|Y2-Y1|-(90°-α1);

[0047] Among them, α1 is the actual right angle value of the right angle prism.

[0048] Because right-angle prisms are limited by the manufacturing process, there are errors, such as Figure 8 As shown, the right angle of the right-angle prism is not a standard 90°, so it is necessary to measure the angle of the right-angle prism before measurement to obtain the right angle degree α1 of the right triangle, the two acute angles α2 and α3, and the lengths of the two right-angle sides h1 and h2, so as to adjust the measured pitch angle error.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, the horizontal line is A1, the telescope of the electronic theodolite is aligned with the center of the cross bright line in the optical tube of the measured lens tube, which is line A2, and the line A3 when aligned with the right-angle prism; the elevation angle of the lens tube δ is the vertical angle between line A2 and line A1, the angle that can be calculated by the theodolite is the angle α between line A2 and line A3, the angle error of the right-angle prism is the angle β between line A1 and line A3, and the measured data of the right-angle prism is known, β=90°–α1, then the pitch angle of the measured lens tube δ=α–β is calculated, and:

[0050] α=|Y2-Y1|;

[0051] so:

[0052] δ=|Y2-Y1|-(90°-α1).

[0053] In order to improve the measurement accuracy, multiple measurements can be taken to get the average value. For example, the vertical reading when the theodolite is turned 180° and the vertical reading when the right angle surface of the autocollimator is obtained is Y2′, and the vertical reading when the theodolite is observed at the center of the optical tube of the lens is Y1′. Then the measured elevation angle δ of the lens is:

[0054]

[0055] The present invention also includes the step of detecting the yaw angle of the lens barrel:

[0056] The electronic theodolite telescope observes the bright cross line in the center of the measured tube, such as Fig.10 As shown, the vertical reading on the screen of the electronic theodolite is Y1 at this time, and then adjust the horizontal brake knob and the vertical brake knob of the theodolite to aim the theodolite telescope at the last scale (50') of the horizontal line segment in the crosshairs of the lens barrel, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the vertical angle reading on the electronic theodolite screen is Y3, and the yaw angle θ is:

[0057] θ=|Y3-Y1|.

[0058] The present invention also includes the step of detecting the azimuth angle of the lens barrel comprising:

[0059] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, when adjusting the self-collimation prism of the electronic theodolite telescope, the horizontal reading on the electronic theodolite screen is recorded as X2. When the electronic theodolite telescope is aimed at the bright cross line at the center of the measured tube, the horizontal angle reading on the electronic theodolite screen is recorded as X1. The azimuth angle Φ of the measured tube is:

[0060] Φ=|X2-X1|.

[0061] Embodiment 1:

[0062] Test result data:

[0063] Bracket shape and position detection data

[0064]

[0065] Lens tube angle detection data

[0066] Measurement items Nominal value Tolerance Measured value Tube pitch angle 22° ±30″ 21°59′58″ Tube yaw angle 0 40″ 6″ Tube azimuth 0 30″ 13″

[0067] To perform uncertainty analysis:

[0068] 1. Mathematical model:

[0069] After the measurement is completed, the measured values ​​are compared with the standard values ​​of the pitch angle, roll angle and azimuth angle, and then: △a=a′-a;

[0070] Where: △a is the angle measurement error (°), a′ is the actual angle value (°), and a is the standard angle value (°).

[0071] 2. Sensitivity coefficient:

[0072] Depend on The combined standard uncertainty u c satisfy:

[0073] u c (a) 2 =c a 2 u(a) 2 +(c′ a ) 2 u(a′) 2 ;

[0074] Where: c(·)—sensitivity coefficient, ca = -1, c′ a =1.

[0075] 3. Measurement uncertainty components:

[0076]

[0077] 4. Standard uncertainty:

[0078] The standard uncertainty component u(a1′) introduced by the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine.

[0079] The maximum allowable error of the coordinate measuring machine is (1.4+3L / 1000)μm, with a coverage factor of k=2. Since L≤250mm, the introduced error is calculated to be: 2.2μm, and the introduced standard uncertainty is:

[0080]

[0081] The standard uncertainty component u(a1) introduced by the marble platform and square column.

[0082] The parallelism between the marble platform and the square column is about 3μm, and the size of the square column is 300mm. The angular error introduced is: arctan(3μm / 300mm)≈2.06″. This item is evenly distributed, so the standard uncertainty component is:

[0083]

[0084] The standard uncertainty component u(a2) introduced by the right-angle prism.

[0085] According to the calibration certificate of the prism, the maximum allowable error of the indication is 3″, and the coverage factor k = 2, so the standard uncertainty is:

[0086] u(a2)=3″ / 2=1.5″.

[0087] The standard uncertainty component u(a3) introduced by self-collimation.

[0088] Under the same conditions, the self-collimating observation prism is measured 10 times repeatedly. The single experimental standard deviation of the 10 measurement data is: S i , 10 consecutive measurements were made under repeatability conditions to obtain 5 sets of measurement data. The standard deviation of a single experiment was calculated for each set of data using the above method:

[0089] <![CDATA[S i ]]> <![CDATA[S1]]> <![CDATA[S2]]> <![CDATA[S3]]> <![CDATA[S4]]> <![CDATA[S5]]> Experimental standard deviation 1.11″ 1.10″ 1.09″ 1.10″ 1.10″

[0090] Combined sample standard deviation S j for:

[0091]

[0092] During the test, three measurements are generally performed to obtain the average value. The standard uncertainty component introduced by the measurement repeatability is calculated using the Class A evaluation method:

[0093]

[0094] The standard uncertainty component u(a4) introduced by the readings of the electronic theodolite measurement system.

[0095] The maximum allowable error of the electronic theodolite is 2″, and the coverage factor k=2, so the standard uncertainty is:

[0096] u(a4)=2″ / 2=1″.

[0097] The standard uncertainty component u(a5) introduced by ambient temperature.

[0098] The temperature change in the three-coordinate room is no more than 0.5°C, and the temperature change in the conventional laboratory where the theodolite is located is no more than 1°C. The influence of temperature is small and can be ignored here. That is:

[0099] u(a5)=0.

[0100] Combined standard uncertainty.

[0101] The standard uncertainty components introduced by the integral part of the three-coordinate measurement are independent of each other, and the standard uncertainty components introduced by the barrel part of the theodolite measurement are independent of each other, so the combined standard uncertainty is:

[0102]

[0103] Expanded uncertainty.

[0104] Expanded uncertainty: U = k·u(a), k = 2, that is:

[0105] U=2×2.59″=5.18″≈6″.

[0106] The method and device for measuring the barrel angle of the telescope of the aircraft aiming system of the present invention can be used to complete the inspection task of the landing aiming system of certain types of aircraft, and the barrel angle of the telescope of the aiming system is inspected and calibrated. Through the inspection data and uncertainty analysis, it is found that this inspection method has high accuracy, and the uncertainty assessment can reach U=6″(k=2), and the repeatability and stability are also relatively good. At the same time, the inspection speed is fast. Compared with the time cost of returning to the factory for inspection, the inspection can be completed within one day, which can save a lot of costs and shorten the inspection cycle. Compared with the huge cost of returning to the factory for inspection, it can save a lot of costs, solve the user's periodic measurement problems, and directly generate economic benefits. As a means of inspection of the aiming system, it can be promoted to other aircraft manufacturing companies and other production and manufacturing units to expand the relevant market, and based on this method, other types of angle tooling, sight telescopes and other angle inspection systems can be derived, which can be flexibly used in various inspection tasks such as aerospace, equipment manufacturing, biomedicine, military equipment, and cutting-edge technology.

[0107] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived from them are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the angle of a telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, characterized in that: The invention is realized by a device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system, wherein the telescope barrel is fixed on a mounting frame, the mounting frame comprises a supporting part and a mounting part, the supporting part is fixed to the telescope barrel, the mounting part has a horizontal mounting surface and a vertical mounting surface which are perpendicular to each other, and the mounting part can be mounted on the mounting position of the aircraft in a fixed mounting position; the device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system comprises a working table with a horizontal surface, a supporting square column, a reflector and a theodolite, the supporting square column and the reflector are placed on the working table, the reflective surface of the reflector is parallel to the vertical side surface of the supporting square column; the mounting frame can be placed on the supporting square column, and the horizontal mounting surface is placed on the top surface of the supporting square column, and the vertical mounting surface is against the vertical side surface; the theodolite and the telescope barrel can realize mutual aiming of the same visual axis, and the theodolite can be self-aligned through the reflector; The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system comprises the following steps: Place the supporting square column on the workbench, place the integrated structure of the lens barrel and the mounting frame on the supporting square column, so that the horizontal mounting surface of the mounting frame is placed on the top surface of the supporting square column, and the vertical mounting surface is against the vertical side surface of the supporting square column; place the reflector on the workbench, and make the reflective surface of the reflector parallel to the vertical side surface; The theodolite is adjusted so that the theodolite can achieve mutual sighting with the lens barrel and can be self-aligned through the reflector. The vertical reading Y1 when the theodolite and the lens barrel achieve mutual sighting with the same axis and the vertical reading Y2 when the theodolite is self-aligned through the reflector are recorded. The elevation angle δ of the lens barrel is: δ=|Y2-Y1|-(90°-α1); Among them, α1 is the actual right angle value of the right angle prism.

2. The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The device for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of the aircraft aiming system also includes a light source, which is used to illuminate the barrel at the eyepiece side of the barrel so that the barrel forms a light tube, so as to facilitate the theodolite to observe the crosshairs in the barrel.

3. The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The reflector includes a right angle prism.

4. The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The supporting square columns include marble square columns.

5. The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft aiming system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the steps of detecting the roll angle of the lens barrel: Adjust the theodolite so that the theodolite telescope is aimed at the last scale mark of the horizontal line segment in the crosshairs of the telescope tube. The vertical angle reading on the electronic theodolite screen is Y3, and the yaw angle θ of the telescope tube is: θ=|Y3-Y1|.

6. The method for measuring the angle of the telescope barrel of an aircraft sighting system according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The step of detecting the azimuth angle of the lens barrel also includes: When adjusting the self-collimation prism of the electronic theodolite telescope, the horizontal reading on the electronic theodolite screen is recorded as X2. When the electronic theodolite telescope is aimed at the bright cross line at the center of the measured tube, the horizontal angle reading on the electronic theodolite screen is recorded as X1. The azimuth angle Φ of the measured tube is: Φ=|X2-X1|.

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