Preparation method of perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission

Abstract

The present invention discloses a perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission. The prepared perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission is formed by sequentially connecting a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a first metal layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and a second metal layer. Through optimized optical and structural design, a resonant cavity is formed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, and then the overall device has an ultra-high response to the space energy transmission wavelength of 800 to 810nm. The perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission proposed by the present invention can stably improve the overall efficiency of the laser energy transmission system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission. Background Art

[0002] In near-Earth space or even in space, wired energy transmission becomes very difficult and expensive. Conventional wireless energy transmission methods are inefficient due to their large divergence angles. Laser wireless energy transmission, as a precise and long-distance wireless energy transmission method, has irreplaceable advantages. Its energy output end is a laser and its input end is a laser battery.

[0003] The principles of laser cells are similar to those of traditional solar cells. Traditional solar cells are mostly used in solar spectrum scenarios, and the absorption spectrum of their light-absorbing materials is mainly distributed in the visible light band. Laser cells are used in laser spectra with concentrated wavelengths. According to the scene requirements of laser wireless energy transmission, light-absorbing materials optimized for application requirements can be selected to match the absorption edge of the light-absorbing material with the laser frequency, thereby obtaining considerable energy transmission efficiency.

[0004] Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) use perovskite materials as light absorption layers. Perovskite materials have the advantages of adjustable components, adjustable band gap, high light absorption coefficient, and long carrier diffusion distance, and have developed rapidly in recent years. By changing the components, the band gap of perovskite materials can be continuously adjusted from 1.2 to 2.9 eV, and the absorption edge of perovskite can also be adapted to the energy transfer band used.

[0005] This design uses the near-infrared band of 800-810nm with excellent spatial energy transfer effect and a resonant cavity structure with corresponding band amplification, which can greatly improve the energy conversion rate and reduce the energy loss caused by the mismatch between the input spectrum and the absorption energy band. Summary of the invention

[0006] The problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to prepare a laser battery suitable for energy transmission in space conditions, which can not only stably transmit energy, but also improve its photoelectric conversion efficiency in the space energy transmission band as much as possible.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for preparing a perovskite laser cell for space-condition energy transmission. The overall device structure utilizes a thin film transfer matrix method, a photoconductance method, and an E-ARC simulation theory, combined with the working requirements of laser energy transmission (absorption edge energy transmission, atmospheric window, etc.) to achieve a high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for preparing a perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) preparing a first metal layer on the transparent conductive layer, and performing heat treatment to make the first metal layer and the transparent conductive layer in a slightly hot state;

[0011] (2) thermally treating the hole transport layer precursor, and preparing the slightly heated hole transport layer on the first metal layer, followed by annealing;

[0012] (3) Preparing a perovskite light absorption layer matching the spatial energy transfer band (800-810 nm) on the hole transport layer;

[0013] (3.1) Based on the design of the microcavity working principle, the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer corresponding to 800-810nm enhancement should be 400-450nm, and its absorption edge should be located at 800-810nm;

[0014] (3.2) According to the thickness measurement based on AFM and step profiler, the corresponding concentration of the perovskite light absorption layer precursor should be 0.85~1.1M;

[0015] (4) after preparing an electron transport layer on the perovskite light absorption layer, annealing is performed;

[0016] (5) preparing a second metal layer on the electron transport layer;

[0017] Preferably, the growth method of the first metal layer in step (1) includes one or more of vacuum evaporation by resistance / induction / electron beam / laser heating, DC / RF / magnetron / ion beam sputtering or molecular beam epitaxy.

[0018] Preferably, the post-annealing temperature in step (2) and step (4) is in the range of 80 to 120° C. and the time is 15 to 30 minutes.

[0019] A perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission, characterized in that its structure includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a first metal layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a second metal layer stacked in sequence.

[0020] Preferably, the substrate is made of glass or flexible plastic material; the transparent conductive layer is made of one of indium tin oxide ITO or fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO materials, with a thickness of 100 to 600 nm, and the transparent conductive layer is integrated with the substrate; the first metal layer is a metal material with strong reflectivity and conductivity, the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer are organic materials or inorganic materials, which are used to transport holes and electrons to corresponding electrodes respectively; the perovskite light absorption layer is a photovoltaic material with a three-dimensional perovskite structure (molecular formula: ABX3), which is used to absorb incident light; the second metal layer is a metal material with a higher work function.

[0021] Preferably, the first metal layer is made of one of gold Au, silver Ag and copper Cu, and has a thickness of 5 to 15 nm.

[0022] As a preferred material, the hole transport layer is made of triphenylamine derivatives, PTAA, cuprous thiocyanate CuSCN, nickel oxide NiO x , cuprous iodide CuI, poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate PEDOT:PSS, and the thickness thereof is 10 to 200 nm. .

[0023] Preferably, the perovskite light absorption layer adopts ABX3 type three-dimensional perovskite, wherein the positive monovalent cation A is methylamine MA. + FA + Potassium + , Rubidium Rb + , Cesium + Any one ion or any combination of ions; the divalent metal cation B is lead Pb 2+ ,Ge 2+ , Tin 2+ Any ion or combination of any ions; negative monovalent anion X, chlorine Cl - , Br - , iodine I - The thickness of any one ion or any combination of ions can be selected to be 400nm~410nm according to the laser band used.

[0024] Preferably, the electron transport layer is made of one of titanium dioxide TiO2, tin dioxide SnO2, zinc oxide ZnO, C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester PCBM, and cadmium sulfide CdS, and has a thickness of 10 to 200 nm.

[0025] Preferably, the second metal layer is made of one of gold Au, silver Ag, copper Cu, and carbon electrode, and has a thickness of 80 to 300 nm.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. When preparing the laser cell, the present invention matches the absorption edge of the perovskite light absorption layer with the laser wavelength through design, and introduces light field control between the first metal layer and the second metal layer to improve the absorption in the 800-810nm band, thereby improving the photoelectric energy transfer efficiency.

[0028] Second, the laser cell prepared by the present invention reduces the strong thermal stress difference due to the heat treatment of the substrate and the transparent conductive layer, so that the film quality is high, the film defect density is small, and the device performance is improved.

[0029] 3. The laser battery preparation method designed in the present invention can be adapted to a variety of space energy transmission bands and has universal applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission involved in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure prepared by the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: substrate 1, transparent conductive layer 2, first metal layer 3, hole transport layer 4, perovskite light absorption layer 5, electron transport layer 6, second metal layer 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Example 1: The substrate composed of the substrate and the transparent conductive layer is cleaned with a cleaning agent, deionized water, acetone, and isopropanol in turn, dried with nitrogen, and then treated with ultraviolet ozone for 15 minutes. Au is prepared on the substrate as the first metal layer (evaporation, 10nm). The PTAA hole transport layer solution is preheated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 5min). The substrate of the first metal layer is heated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 3min), and a PTAA hole transport layer is prepared thereon (spin coating at 2000rpm, 30s) and annealed for 10min to obtain a PTAA film with a thickness of 10nm. The perovskite precursor solution is deposited on the PTAA layer (spin coating at 4000rpm, 60s, and chlorobenzene is added dropwise at 45s). The perovskite light absorption layer is transferred to a hot stage (hot stage temperature 100°C) and thermally annealed for 20min, and finally a perovskite light absorption layer with a thickness of 405nm is obtained. The film was cooled to room temperature, and then a PCBM electron transport layer was prepared on the perovskite light absorption layer (spin coating at 2000 rpm for 30 s). 60 The electron transport layer is 40nm, and the second metal layer of Cu is 90nm. The laser energy transmission efficiency of the prepared laser cell in the 808nm band of space energy transmission is 40.1%.

[0035] Example 2: The substrate composed of the substrate and the transparent conductive layer is cleaned with conventional solvents, and then treated with ultraviolet ozone for 15 minutes. The first metal layer of Au is prepared on the substrate (evaporation, 10 nm), and the PTAA hole transport layer solution is slightly heated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 5 minutes). The substrate containing the first metal layer is heated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 3 minutes), and a PTAA hole transport layer is prepared thereon (spin coating at 2000 rpm, 30 seconds) and annealed for 10 minutes to obtain a 10 nm thick PTAA. The perovskite precursor solution is deposited on the PTAA layer (spin coating at 4000 rpm, 60 seconds, and chlorobenzene is added at 45 seconds). The film is transferred to a hot stage (hot stage temperature 100°C) and the perovskite film is thermally annealed for 20 minutes to finally obtain a perovskite light absorption layer with a thickness of 410 nm. The film is cooled to room temperature, and C is evaporated. 60 The electron transport layer is 40nm, and the second metal layer of Cu is 90nm. The laser energy transmission efficiency of the prepared laser cell in the 808nm band of space energy transmission is 39.2%.

[0036] Example 3: The substrate composed of the substrate and the transparent conductive layer is cleaned with conventional solvents, and then treated with ultraviolet ozone for 15 minutes. The first metal layer of Au is prepared on the substrate (evaporation, 10 nm), and the PTAA hole transport layer solution is slightly heated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 5 minutes). The substrate containing the metal layer is heated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 3 minutes), and a PTAA hole transport layer is prepared thereon (spin coating at 2000 rpm, 30 seconds) and annealed for 10 minutes to obtain a 10 nm thick PTAA. The perovskite precursor solution is deposited on the PTAA layer (spin coating at 4000 rpm, 60 seconds, and chlorobenzene is added at 45 seconds). The film is transferred to a hot stage (hot stage temperature 100°C) and the perovskite film is thermally annealed for 20 minutes to finally obtain a perovskite light absorption layer with a thickness of 400 nm. The film is cooled to room temperature, and C is evaporated. 60 The electron transport layer is 40nm, and the second metal layer of Cu is 90nm. The laser energy transmission efficiency of the prepared laser cell in the 808nm band of space energy transmission is 38.7%.

[0037] Example 4: The substrate composed of the substrate and the transparent conductive layer is cleaned with conventional solvents, and then treated with ultraviolet ozone for 15 minutes. The first metal layer of Au is prepared on the substrate (evaporation, 10 nm), and the PTAA hole transport layer solution is slightly heated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 5 minutes). The substrate containing the first metal layer is heated on a hot stage (hot stage temperature 40°C, heating for 3 minutes), and a PTAA hole transport layer is prepared thereon (spin coating at 2000 rpm, 30 seconds) and annealed for 10 minutes to obtain a 10 nm thick PTAA. The perovskite precursor solution is deposited on the PTAA layer (spin coating at 4000 rpm, 60 seconds, and chlorobenzene is added at 45 seconds). The film is transferred to a hot stage (hot stage temperature 100°C) and the perovskite film is thermally annealed for 20 minutes to finally obtain a perovskite light absorption layer with a thickness of 405 nm. The film is cooled to room temperature, and C is evaporated. 60 The electron transport layer is 40nm, and the second metal layer of Cu is 90nm. The laser energy transmission efficiency of the prepared laser cell in the 808nm band of space energy transmission is 42.1%.

[0038] The present invention has been described by the above embodiments, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are only for the purpose of example and description, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the scope of the described embodiments. In addition, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and more variations and modifications can be made according to the teachings of the present invention, and these variations and modifications all fall within the scope of the protection claimed by the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) preparing a first metal layer on the transparent conductive layer, and performing heat treatment to make the first metal layer and the transparent conductive layer in a slightly heated state; the slightly heated temperature is 80 to 120° C.; (2) thermally treating the hole transport layer precursor, and preparing the slightly heated hole transport layer on the first metal layer, and then performing annealing treatment; the slightly heated temperature is 30 to 50 °C; (3) Preparing a perovskite light absorption layer on the hole transport layer that matches the spatial energy transfer band of 800 ~ 810 nm, specifically including: (3.1) Based on the design of the microcavity working principle, the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer corresponding to 800 ~ 810 nm enhancement is 400 ~ 450 nm, and the absorption edge is located at 800 ~ 810 nm; (3.2) Based on the thickness measurement technology of AFM and step profiler, the corresponding concentration of the perovskite light absorption layer precursor is 0.85~1.1 M; (4) After preparing the electron transport layer on the perovskite light absorption layer, annealing is performed; (5) Preparing a second metal layer on the electron transport layer.

2. A perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the microcavity working principle and the thin film transfer matrix method, according to the E-ARC theoretical design, the thickness of the first metal layer ranges from 5 to 10 nm to ensure that the device has a stable and high response to the spatial energy transfer band.

3. A perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation methods of the perovskite light absorbing layer include one or more methods including spin coating, blade coating, spray coating, screen printing, roll-to-roll, embossing, and roller coating.

4. The perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat treatment temperature in step (1) is 80 to 120°C and the time is 5 to 10 minutes.

5. The method for preparing a perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the hole transport layer precursor needs to be heated to a slightly hot state at a temperature of 30 to 50 °C.

6. The perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time interval between the heat treatment of the first metal layer and the transparent conductive layer in step (2) and the preparation of the hole transport layer is 0 to 3 s.

7. The perovskite laser cell for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer is made of one of gold Au, silver Ag, and copper Cu.

Images