Broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antennas, multi-frequency common-aperture antenna arrays and communication equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna, a multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array and a communication device, wherein the antenna comprises a first radiating arm group, a first feed patch group and a first feed balun, the upper and lower sides of the first radiating arm group are loaded with dielectric materials, the first feed patch group is electrically connected to the first radiating arm group and the first feed balun respectively, and the first feed balun is placed vertically on a reflector; the multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array comprises a reflector, a low-frequency antenna and a high-frequency antenna array, and the low-frequency antenna adopts the above-mentioned broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna; the high-frequency antenna of the high-frequency antenna array is arranged in 4×4, each high-frequency antenna comprises a second radiating arm group, a second feed patch group and a second feed balun, the second feed patch group is electrically connected to the second radiating arm group and the second feed balun respectively, and the second feed balun is placed vertically on the reflector. The present invention can solve the problem that the radiation of the high-frequency antenna is shielded by the low-frequency antenna in the multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna, a multi-frequency common-aperture antenna array and communication equipment, belonging to the technical field of mobile communication antennas. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of mobile communication technology, the frequency bands that communication equipment needs to cover are increasing. Antennas, as the front end of the communication system, are manifested as more antennas working in different frequency bands. For this layout of multi-frequency antennas, the mainstream solution in the industry is to arrange them in a common aperture, that is, to place antennas working in different frequency bands on the same reflector. Compared with the method of placing different antennas side by side, the method of inserting low-frequency antennas into the gaps of high-frequency antenna arrays has a smaller aperture, which can further reduce costs and improve space utilization efficiency. Since the spacing between antennas in different frequency bands is reduced, this method saves costs while also bringing about the problem of enhanced mutual coupling between antennas in different frequency bands. In multi-frequency antennas, when the high-frequency antenna is working, the scattering problem caused by the secondary radiation of the induced current generated on the radiating arm of the low-frequency antenna will cause the high-frequency antenna pattern to be distorted and the gain to drop, thereby affecting its signal coverage. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to make the electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency antenna "penetrate" the low-frequency radiator.

[0003] Existing methods: (1) Cut off the low-frequency radiation arm and then embed a high-impedance low-pass filter to connect it to suppress the high-frequency induced current on the low-frequency radiation arm. This method will bring about the problem of difficulty in matching the low-frequency antenna while transmitting waves; (2) Change the layout method, place the high-frequency antenna above the low-frequency antenna, and add a low-pass high-impedance surface between the two. The high-frequency antenna of this method is not blocked, but the processing is complicated, and the frequency selective surface used is not ideal, which will reduce the gain of the low-frequency antenna; (3) Load open rings, open branches and other resonant structures on the low-frequency radiation arm. This method has little impact on the low-frequency antenna itself and has good wave transmission effect, but there is a problem of limited wave transmission bandwidth, which will further limit the bandwidth of the high-frequency antenna below.

[0004] Currently, in the design of multi-frequency co-aperture antennas, it is necessary to design a low-frequency antenna with broadband wave-transmitting characteristics to reduce the shielding of the low-frequency unit on the radiation pattern of the high-frequency antenna, and the method adopted needs to ensure that the performance of the low-frequency antenna itself is not affected. Summary of the invention

[0005] The first purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna, which can solve the problem of shielding the radiation of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna in the multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array, and the loaded dielectric material has little effect on the performance of the low-frequency antenna itself.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a multi-frequency common aperture antenna array

[0007] A third object of the present invention is to provide a communication device.

[0008] The first object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0009] A broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna comprises a first radiation arm group, a first feed patch group and a first feed balun, wherein the upper and lower sides of the first radiation arm group are loaded with dielectric materials, the first feed patch group is electrically connected to the first radiation arm group and the first feed balun respectively, the first feed balun is vertically placed on a reflection plate, and one end of the first feed balun is inserted into the first feed patch group.

[0010] Furthermore, the first radiating arm group includes four radiating arms, two of which constitute a dipole antenna unit with positive polarization of 45 degrees, and the other two radiating arms constitute a dipole antenna unit with negative polarization of 45 degrees; the first feeding patch group includes four metal patches, the four metal patches correspond to the four radiating arms one by one, and each metal patch is electrically connected to the corresponding radiating arm.

[0011] Furthermore, the dielectric material is a single-layer material or a multi-layer material, each layer of the multi-layer material is a different material and each layer is an independent material, or the multi-layer material is a multi-layer material pressed into a whole piece.

[0012] Furthermore, the dielectric material is glass, ceramic, polymer, etc., and can be a pure dielectric material or a dielectric material with metal attached.

[0013] Furthermore, when the first radiation arm group is processed using a dielectric substrate, the dielectric material is loaded on the upper and lower sides of the whole formed by the first radiation arm group and the dielectric substrate; when the first radiation arm group is processed into a metal part without a dielectric substrate, the dielectric material is directly loaded on the upper and lower sides of the first radiation arm group.

[0014] Furthermore, the width of the dielectric material is greater than the width of the radiation arm in the first radiation arm group, so that the orthographic projection width of the dielectric material is greater than the orthographic projection width of the radiation arm in the first radiation arm group.

[0015] Furthermore, the first radiation arm group and the first feeding patch group are printed on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate, or are respectively printed on two surfaces of the same dielectric substrate.

[0016] The second object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0017] A multi-frequency common aperture antenna array, comprising a reflector, a low frequency antenna and a high frequency antenna array;

[0018] The low-frequency antenna adopts the above-mentioned broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna;

[0019] The high-frequency antenna array includes sixteen high-frequency antennas, which are arranged in a 4×4 pattern. Each high-frequency antenna includes a second radiation arm group, a second feed patch group, and a second feed balun. The second feed patch group is electrically connected to the second radiation arm group and the second feed balun, respectively. The second feed balun is vertically placed on a reflector, and one end of the second feed balun is inserted into the second feed patch group.

[0020] The wave transmission band of the broadband wave transmission structure in the low-frequency antenna is greater than or equal to the working frequency band of the high-frequency antenna, and the lowest frequency of the working frequency band of the high-frequency antenna is higher than the highest frequency of the working frequency band of the low-frequency antenna.

[0021] Further, the low-frequency antenna is arranged between two middle columns of the high-frequency antenna array, or the low-frequency antenna is arranged between an edge column and a middle column of the high-frequency antenna array.

[0022] Furthermore, the second radiation arm group includes four radiation arms, two of which constitute a dipole antenna unit with positive polarization of 45 degrees, and the other two radiation arms constitute a dipole antenna unit with negative polarization of 45 degrees; the second feed patch group includes four metal patches, the four metal patches correspond to the four radiation arms one by one, and each metal patch is electrically connected to the corresponding radiation arm.

[0023] Furthermore, the orthographic projection of the low-frequency antenna on the reflector overlaps with the orthographic projection of the high-frequency antenna on the reflector, and the height of the low-frequency antenna is greater than the height of the high-frequency antenna.

[0024] Furthermore, the radiation arms of the first radiation arm group and the second radiation arm group are made of metal material and are in the shape of a rectangle, a rectangular ring, or the like.

[0025] Furthermore, the shapes of the metal patches of the first feed patch group and the second feed patch group are triangle, square, pentagon, fan, etc.

[0026] Furthermore, the second radiation arm group and the second feeding patch group are printed on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate, or are printed on two surfaces of the same dielectric substrate respectively.

[0027] Furthermore, the electrical connection is a direct connection or a separation followed by an electromagnetic coupling connection.

[0028] The third object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0029] A communication device comprises the above-mentioned broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna, or comprises the above-mentioned multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0031] 1. The broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna of the present invention is used to reduce the problem of directional pattern distortion caused by mutual shielding between antennas of different frequency bands, and can be applied to the integrated design of multi-frequency common-aperture antenna arrays. By loading dielectric materials on the upper and lower sides of the radiating arm, a broadband wave-transmitting effect can be achieved. The frequency band and bandwidth of the wave transmission can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the radiating arm and the dielectric constant and size of the loaded dielectric material.

[0032] 2. The method for loading dielectric materials proposed in the present invention can determine the initial dielectric constant and size of the dielectric material by building its equivalent circuit model and adjusting the characteristic impedance and electrical length of the transmission line in the circuit design software, thereby improving the design efficiency.

[0033] 3. The present invention is easy to install. The radiation arm can be processed by dielectric substrate technology or processed into a metal part without a dielectric substrate (pure metal sheet metal part). The dielectric material used for loading can be domestic ceramic composite materials, which have lower costs than other imported dielectric substrates, and the choice of dielectric constant and size is more free. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is an overall schematic diagram of a multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a side view of the low-frequency antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a structural disassembly diagram of the low-frequency antenna of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 It is an equivalent circuit diagram of the broadband wave-transmitting structure of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a graph of S parameter results of the equivalent circuit of the broadband wave-transmitting structure of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 It is a structural disassembly diagram of the high-frequency antenna of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern of the high-frequency antenna array of Example 1 of the present invention, at 3.4GHz, phi=0deg comparison: gain-theta simulation result diagram.

[0043] Fig. 9 This is the radiation pattern of the high-frequency antenna array of Example 1 of the present invention, at 4.2GHz, phi=0deg comparison: gain-theta simulation result diagram.

[0044] Fig.10 This is the radiation pattern of the high-frequency antenna array of Example 1 of the present invention, at 5GHz, phi=0deg comparison: gain-theta simulation result diagram.

[0045] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the low-frequency antenna of Example 2 of the present invention and a partially enlarged disassembly diagram.

[0046] Fig.12 It is a structural disassembly diagram of the low-frequency antenna of Example 3 of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.13 It is a top view of the radiation arm in the low-frequency antenna of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0048] Fig.14 It is a top view of the dielectric material in the low-frequency antenna of Example 3 of the present invention.

[0049] Among them, 1-reflector, 2-high frequency antenna, 211-fifth radiation arm, 212-sixth radiation arm, 213-seventh radiation arm, 214-eighth radiation arm, 221-fifth metal patch, 222-sixth metal patch, 223-seventh metal patch, 224-eighth metal patch, 23-second feed balun, 3-low frequency antenna, 31-first radiation arm group, 321-first dielectric block group, 3211-first dielectric block, 3212-second dielectric block, 3213-third dielectric block, 3214-fourth dielectric block, 322-second dielectric block group, 3221-fifth dielectric block, 3222-sixth dielectric block, 3223-seventh dielectric block, 3224-eighth dielectric block, 323-third dielectric block group, 324-fourth dielectric Block group, 33-first feed balun, 34-first feed patch group, 341-first metal patch, 342-second metal patch, 343-third metal patch, 344-fourth metal patch, 5111-ninth metal patch, 5112-tenth metal patch, 5113-eleventh metal patch, 5114-twelfth metal patch, 5121-ninth radiation arm, 5122-tenth radiation arm, 5123-eleventh radiation arm, 5124-twelfth radiation arm, 521-fifth dielectric block group, 5210-square ring dielectric block structure, 5211-ninth dielectric block, 5212-tenth dielectric block, 5213-eleventh dielectric block, 5214-twelfth dielectric block, 522-sixth dielectric block group, 53-third feed balun. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Embodiment 1:

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array, specifically a dual-frequency dual-polarization co-aperture antenna array, which includes a reflector 1, a low-frequency antenna 3 and a high-frequency antenna array, the high-frequency antenna array includes sixteen high-frequency antennas 2, and the sixteen high-frequency antennas 2 are arranged in a 4×4 manner. The low-frequency antenna 3 is arranged between two middle columns of the high-frequency antenna array, and the orthographic projection of the low-frequency antenna 3 on the reflector 1 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the high-frequency antenna 2 on the reflector 1, and the height of the low-frequency antenna 3 is greater than the height of the high-frequency antenna 2. The operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna 3 is 0.69-0.96 GHz, and the operating frequency band of the high-frequency antenna 2 is 3.4-5 GHz; it can be understood that the low-frequency antenna 3 can also be arranged between the edge column and the middle column of the high-frequency antenna array.

[0053] like Figure 1 to Figure 4 As shown, the low-frequency antenna 3 is a broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna, which is a dipole antenna loaded with a dielectric material for realizing broadband wave-transmitting characteristics, including a first radiation arm group 31, a first feed patch group 34 and a first feed balun 33. The first radiation arm group 31 and the first feed patch group 34 are printed on the same surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the first feed patch group 34 is electrically connected to the first radiation arm group 31 and the first feed balun 33 respectively.

[0054] Furthermore, the first feed patch group 34 includes four triangular metal patches, the four metal patches are respectively a first metal patch 341, a second metal patch 342, a third metal patch 343 and a fourth metal patch 344, and rectangular slots are provided in the middle of the first metal patch 341, the second metal patch 342, the third metal patch 343 and the fourth metal patch 344 for inserting the first feed balun 33; the first radiation arm group 31 includes four radiation arms, each radiation arm is composed of a rectangular metal sheet, and the four radiation arms are connected to the four metal patches of the first feed patch group 34. The four radiating arms are electrically connected one by one, and are respectively the first radiating arm 311, the second radiating arm 312, the third radiating arm 313 and the fourth radiating arm 314. The first radiating arm 311 and the third radiating arm 313 are placed orthogonally to the second radiating arm 312 and the fourth radiating arm 314. The first radiating arm 311 and the third radiating arm 313 are a pair, forming a dipole antenna unit with a positive polarization of 45 degrees, and the second radiating arm 312 and the fourth radiating arm 314 are another pair, forming a dipole antenna unit with a negative polarization of 45 degrees. The four radiating arms together realize a dual-polarized antenna with positive and negative 45 degrees.

[0055] Furthermore, the first radiation arm group 31 and the first dielectric substrate are loaded with dielectric materials on both the upper and lower sides of the whole. The dielectric material of this embodiment is a single-layer material. The dielectric material on the upper side is the first dielectric block group 321, and the dielectric material on the lower side is the second dielectric block group 322. The first dielectric block group 321 and the second dielectric block group 322 of this embodiment are composed of dielectric blocks, wherein the first dielectric block group 321 and the second dielectric block group 322 each include four rectangular dielectric blocks; the four dielectric blocks of the first dielectric block group 321 are respectively the first dielectric block 3211, the second dielectric block 3212, the third dielectric block 3213 and the fourth dielectric block 3214, and the first dielectric block 3211 and the third dielectric block 3213 are respectively located above the first radiation arm 311 and the third radiation arm 313 , the second dielectric block 3212 and the fourth dielectric block 3214 are respectively located above the second radiation arm 312 and the fourth radiation arm 314; the four dielectric blocks of the second dielectric block group 322 are respectively the fifth dielectric block 3221, the sixth dielectric block 3222, the seventh dielectric block 3223 and the eighth dielectric block 3224, the fifth dielectric block 3221 and the seventh dielectric block 3223 are respectively located below the first radiation arm 311 and the third radiation arm 313, the sixth dielectric block 3222 and the eighth dielectric block 3224 are respectively located below the second radiation arm 312 and the fourth radiation arm 314; wherein the width of each dielectric block is greater than the width of each radiation arm in the first radiation arm group 31, so that the orthographic projection width of the dielectric block is greater than the orthographic projection width of each radiation arm in the first radiation arm group 31.

[0056] Furthermore, the first feeding balun 33 is a dual-polarized feeding balun, which is placed vertically on the reflecting plate 1, and one end of the first feeding balun 33 is inserted into the first feeding patch group 34, which is used to support the dielectric substrate where the first radiation arm group 31 is located, and at the same time, the two pairs of radiation arms of the first radiation arm group 31 are fed by being electrically connected to the first feeding patch group 34.

[0057] In this embodiment, dielectric blocks are additionally loaded on the upper and lower sides of the first radiation arm group 31 to form a wave-transmitting structure together with the first radiation arm group 31 and the first dielectric substrate. This can be proved by an equivalent circuit, such as Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is an equivalent circuit diagram, which describes the transmission characteristics of high-frequency electromagnetic waves when incident vertically on the proposed structure, including the process from incident in vacuum to the dielectric block and the first radiation arm group 31 and then to the dielectric block and vacuum; wherein, the transmission line with characteristic impedance Z0 represents the vacuum; the transmission line with characteristic impedance Z1 and electrical length H1 represents the loaded dielectric block used to form the wave-transmitting structure; the transmission line with characteristic impedance Z2 and electrical length H2 represents the substrate where the low-frequency radiation arm is located; the parallel inductance L represents the low-frequency radiation arm; the response of the two-port circuit is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, it can be seen that in the range of 3.4Hz to 5GHz, S11 <-18dB, at the same time, S 12 >-0.63dB, which indicates that, within the range of about 38% relative bandwidth, when a signal is input from port 1, about 98.4% of the energy can reach port 2, and only a small amount is reflected. From the perspective of electromagnetic wave propagation, the high-frequency electromagnetic wave "penetrates" the broadband wave-transmitting structure composed of the loaded dielectric block 321, the first radiation arm group 31, and the first dielectric substrate. The wave transmission band of the broadband wave-transmitting structure is greater than or equal to the working frequency band of the high-frequency antenna 2.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, each high-frequency antenna 2 includes a second radiating arm group, a second feeding patch group and a second feeding balun 23, the second feeding patch group is electrically connected to the second radiating arm group and the second feeding balun 23, respectively, and is used to feed the signal of the second feeding balun 23 into the second radiating arm group for radiation, the second feeding balun is a dual-polarized feeding balun, which is vertically placed on the reflecting plate 1, and one end of the second feeding balun is inserted into the second feeding patch group, which is used to support the dielectric substrate where the second radiating arm group is located, and at the same time, the two pairs of radiating arms of the second radiating arm group are fed by being electrically connected to the second feeding patch group, and the second radiating arm group and the second feeding patch group are printed on the same surface of the second dielectric substrate; the second feeding patch group includes four square metal patches, and the four metal patches are respectively a fifth metal patch 221, a sixth metal patch 222, a seventh metal patch 223 and an eighth metal patch 224, and the fifth metal patch 2 21. The sixth metal patch 222, the seventh metal patch 223 and the eighth metal patch 224 all have rectangular grooves in the middle for inserting the second feeding balun 23; the second radiating arm group includes four radiating arms, each of which is made of a square ring metal sheet, and the four radiating arms are electrically connected to the four metal patches of the second feeding patch group in a one-to-one correspondence. The four radiating arms are the fifth radiating arm 211, the sixth radiating arm 212, the seventh radiating arm 213 and the eighth radiating arm 214, respectively. The fifth radiating arm 211 and the seventh radiating arm 213 are arranged orthogonally to the sixth radiating arm 212 and the eighth radiating arm 214. The fifth radiating arm 211 and the seventh radiating arm 213 are a pair, forming a dipole antenna unit with a positive polarization of 45 degrees, and the sixth radiating arm 212 and the eighth radiating arm 214 are another pair, forming a dipole antenna unit with a negative polarization of 45 degrees. The four radiating arms together realize a dual-polarized antenna with positive and negative 45 degrees.

[0059] like Figure 8As shown, it is the radiation pattern of the middle column of the 3.4GHz excited high-frequency array. There are three curves, including the pattern when only the high-frequency antenna works alone, the pattern of the high-frequency antenna in the traditional dual-frequency array, and the pattern of the high-frequency antenna in the dual-frequency dual-polarization common aperture array of this embodiment. It can be seen that compared with the high-frequency antenna working alone, after adding the traditional low-frequency unit, the gain drop in the 0-degree direction reaches about 1dB, and when the low-frequency antenna of this embodiment is added, the gain drop in the 0-degree direction is reduced to about 0.1dB. Fig. 9 As shown in FIG. 1 , the radiation pattern of the middle column of the high-frequency array is excited at 4.2 GHz. It can be seen that compared with the high-frequency antenna working alone, after adding the traditional low-frequency unit, the gain drop in the 0-degree direction reaches about 1 dB, while when adding the low-frequency antenna of this embodiment, the gain drop in the 0-degree direction reaches about 0.3 dB. Fig.10 As shown, it is the radiation pattern of the middle column of the high-frequency array at 5GHz. It can be seen that compared with the high-frequency antenna working alone, after adding the traditional low-frequency unit, the gain drop in the 0-degree direction reaches about 1dB, while when adding the low-frequency antenna of this embodiment, the gain drop in the 0-degree direction reaches about 0.2dB. Figure 8-Figure 10 This indicates that the radiation shielding of the high-frequency antenna by the low-frequency antenna of this embodiment in the dual-frequency co-aperture antenna array is smaller than that of the traditional low-frequency antenna.

[0060] In summary, this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0061] (1) The broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna adopted in this embodiment realizes broadband wave-transmitting effect by loading dielectric blocks on the upper and lower sides of the whole body composed of the radiation arm and the dielectric substrate on which it is located, thereby reducing the radiation pattern distortion of the high-frequency antenna in the multi-frequency common-aperture antenna array caused by the shielding of the low-frequency antenna, and the frequency and bandwidth of the wave transmission can be controlled by controlling the width of the radiation arm, the dielectric constant and the thickness of the dielectric block.

[0062] (2) The multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array of this embodiment can cover multiple communication frequency bands at the same time, and the mutual influence between different frequency bands is small. In addition, the technology can be transplanted to other frequency bands to realize the integration of antenna units in more frequency bands.

[0063] (3) The structure of this embodiment is detachable. In actual processing, a variety of materials with different parameters can be processed as loading materials, which is easy to adjust and test. The antenna's radiation arm and feed balun can be processed using a dielectric substrate process, with a low production cost, which is conducive to the large-scale use of base station antennas.

[0064] Embodiment 2:

[0065] This embodiment provides a multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array, specifically a dual-frequency dual-polarization co-aperture antenna array. The overall layout of the array and the high-frequency antenna therein are consistent with those in Embodiment 1. The structure of the low-frequency antenna is as follows: Fig.11 As shown, mainly on the basis of the low-frequency antenna in Example 1, a third dielectric block group 323 and a fourth dielectric block group 324 for realizing wave-transmitting performance are additionally loaded, that is, the dielectric material of this embodiment is a multi-layer material; wherein, the third dielectric block group 323 for realizing wave-transmitting characteristics is loaded above the first dielectric block group 321, and the fourth dielectric block group 324 for realizing wave-transmitting characteristics is loaded below the second dielectric block group 322, that is, two layers of dielectric blocks for realizing wave-transmitting characteristics are loaded on the upper and lower sides of the low-frequency radiation arm and its substrate, respectively, and the dielectric constants and sizes of the two layers of dielectric blocks can be respectively adjusted to adjust the wave-transmitting frequency and bandwidth, thereby increasing the flexibility of adjusting the wave-transmitting frequency and bandwidth.

[0066] Embodiment 3:

[0067] This embodiment provides a multi-frequency co-aperture antenna array, specifically a dual-frequency dual-polarization co-aperture antenna array. The overall layout of the array and the high-frequency antenna therein are consistent with those in Embodiment 1. The main feature of this embodiment is the implementation form of the low-frequency antenna. The low-frequency antenna structure is as follows: Fig.12 As shown, from top to bottom are the fifth dielectric block group 521, the third radiation arm group 51, the sixth dielectric block group 522 and the third feeding balun 53. The fifth dielectric block group 521 and the sixth dielectric block group 522 are used to achieve the wave transmission characteristic; the structure of the third radiation arm group 51 is as shown Fig.13As shown, it is divided into two parts, a radiation arm and a feeding patch. There are four radiation arms, each of which is made of a square ring metal sheet. The four radiation arms are symmetrical about the center, and are respectively the ninth radiation arm 5121, the tenth radiation arm 5122, the eleventh radiation arm 5123 and the twelfth radiation arm 5124. The ninth radiation arm 5121 and the eleventh radiation arm 5123 are a pair, working in positive 45-degree polarization radiation, the tenth radiation arm 5122 and the twelfth radiation arm 5124 are another pair, working in negative 45-degree polarization radiation, and the feeding patch is four pentagonal metal patches. There are rectangular grooves in the middle of the four metal patches for inserting the third feeding balun 53, and at the same time electrically connected to the radiation arm for feeding; specifically, the four metal patches are the ninth metal patch 5111 and the eleventh radiation arm 5123. , the tenth metal patch 5112, the eleventh metal patch 5113 and the twelfth metal patch 5114, the ninth metal patch 5111 and the eleventh metal patch 5113 are electrically connected to the ninth radiation arm 5121 and the eleventh radiation arm 5123 respectively, the tenth metal patch 5112 and the twelfth metal patch 5114 are electrically connected to the tenth radiation arm 5122 and the twelfth radiation arm 5124 respectively; the fifth dielectric block group 521 is consistent in shape with the sixth dielectric block group 522, the fifth dielectric block group 521 is placed above the whole formed by the third radiation arm group 51 and the third dielectric substrate, and the sixth dielectric block group 522 is placed below the whole formed by the third radiation arm group 51 and the third dielectric substrate. This embodiment is described by taking the fifth dielectric block group 521 as an example. Fig.14 As shown, the fifth dielectric block group 521 includes a square ring dielectric block structure 5210, and four square dielectric blocks connected to the midpoints of the four sides, the four dielectric blocks are respectively a ninth dielectric block 5211, a tenth dielectric block 5212, an eleventh dielectric block 5213 and a twelfth dielectric block 5214, the square ring structure 5210 covers the outer lengths of the four radiation arms in the third radiation arm group 51, the ninth dielectric block 5211 covers the metal arm of the parallel portion of the ninth radiation arm 5121 and the tenth radiation arm 5122, the tenth dielectric block 5212 covers the metal arm of the parallel portion of the tenth radiation arm 5122 and the eleventh radiation arm 5123, the eleventh dielectric block 5213 covers the metal arm of the parallel portion of the eleventh radiation arm 5123 and the twelfth radiation arm 5124, and the twelfth dielectric block 5214 covers the metal arm of the parallel portion of the twelfth radiation arm 5124 and the ninth radiation arm 5121.

[0068] In summary, the broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna of the present invention is used to reduce the directional pattern distortion problem caused by mutual occlusion between antennas of different frequency bands, and can be applied to the integrated design of multi-frequency common-aperture antenna arrays. By loading dielectric materials on the upper and lower sides of the radiating arm, a broadband wave-transmitting effect can be achieved, and the frequency band and bandwidth of the wave transmission can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the radiating arm and the dielectric constant and size of the loaded dielectric material.

[0069] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention within the scope disclosed by the present invention, which shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna, characterized in that: It includes a first radiation arm group, a first feed patch group and a first feed balun, wherein the upper and lower sides of the first radiation arm group are loaded with dielectric materials, the first feed patch group is electrically connected to the first radiation arm group and the first feed balun respectively, the first feed balun is vertically placed on a reflection plate, and one end of the first feed balun is inserted into the first feed patch group; The first radiation arm group includes four radiation arms, two of which form a dipole antenna unit with positive 45-degree polarization, and the other two radiation arms form a dipole antenna unit with negative 45-degree polarization; the first feed patch group includes four metal patches, the four metal patches correspond to the four radiation arms one by one, and each metal patch is electrically connected to the corresponding radiation arm; the dielectric materials on the upper and lower sides of the first radiation arm group include at least one layer of dielectric block group, each layer of dielectric block group includes four dielectric blocks, each dielectric block corresponds to a radiation arm, and the width of each dielectric block is greater than the width of each radiation arm, so that the orthographic projection width of the dielectric block is greater than the orthographic projection width of the corresponding radiation arm.

2. The broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric material is a single-layer material or a multi-layer material, each layer of the multi-layer material is a different material and each layer is an independent material, or the multi-layer material is a multi-layer material pressed into a whole piece.

3. The broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: When the first radiation arm group is processed with a dielectric substrate, the dielectric material is loaded on the upper and lower sides of the whole formed by the first radiation arm group and the dielectric substrate; when the first radiation arm group is processed into a metal part without a dielectric substrate, the dielectric material is directly loaded on the upper and lower sides of the first radiation arm group.

4. A multi-frequency common aperture antenna array, characterized in that: It includes a reflector, a low-frequency antenna and a high-frequency antenna array; The low-frequency antenna adopts the broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3; The high-frequency antenna array includes sixteen high-frequency antennas, which are arranged in a 4×4 pattern. Each high-frequency antenna includes a second radiation arm group, a second feed patch group, and a second feed balun. The second feed patch group is electrically connected to the second radiation arm group and the second feed balun, respectively. The second feed balun is vertically placed on a reflector, and one end of the second feed balun is inserted into the second feed patch group. The wave transmission band of the broadband wave transmission structure in the low-frequency antenna is greater than or equal to the working frequency band of the high-frequency antenna, and the lowest frequency of the working frequency band of the high-frequency antenna is higher than the highest frequency of the working frequency band of the low-frequency antenna.

5. The multi-frequency common aperture antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The low-frequency antenna is arranged between two middle columns of the high-frequency antenna array, or the low-frequency antenna is arranged between an edge column and a middle column of the high-frequency antenna array.

6. The multi-frequency common aperture antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second radiation arm group includes four radiation arms, two of which constitute a dipole antenna unit with positive polarization of 45 degrees, and the other two radiation arms constitute a dipole antenna unit with negative polarization of 45 degrees; the second feed patch group includes four metal patches, which correspond to the four radiation arms one by one, and each metal patch is electrically connected to the corresponding radiation arm.

7. The multi-frequency common aperture antenna array according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the low-frequency antenna on the reflector overlaps with the orthographic projection of the high-frequency antenna on the reflector, and the height of the low-frequency antenna is greater than the height of the high-frequency antenna.

8. A communication device, characterized in that: It comprises the broadband wave-transmitting low-frequency antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, or comprises the multi-frequency common-aperture antenna array as described in any one of claims 4 to 7.

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