A method and device for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem. The method comprises: obtaining satellite image data and value evaluation data of a target area; performing remote sensing interpretation of satellite image data based on a random forest classification model to determine a distribution map of regional ecosystem types to be evaluated; performing ecological service value estimation based on the distribution map of regional ecosystem types to be evaluated and the value evaluation data to obtain net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on a pixel scale; the distribution map of regional ecosystem types to be evaluated contains at least one pixel. The method of the present invention is based on a distribution map of regional ecosystem types to be evaluated interpreted from remote sensing images, and by integrating multi-source remote sensing data, it is possible to accurately obtain ecological service value data, thereby achieving high spatial resolution and fine-grained spatial mapping of ecological service value of regional ecosystems, more finely depicting the laws of spatial heterogeneity between plots, and improving the accuracy of ecological service value calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecology and big data processing technology, and in particular to a method and device for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem. In addition, the present invention also relates to an electronic device and a processor-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Ecosystems are the foundation of human survival and development. They are of extremely high value and are irreplaceable natural resources and natural assets. However, due to the lack of a systematic evaluation system and method for the value of ecological services, society's excessive consumption of the ecological environment has brought about a series of environmental problems. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out ecological service value evaluation of regional ecosystems (such as rice field ecosystems, forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, etc.), determine the ecological service value of ecosystems, and thus protect the healthy development and sustainable development of ecosystems.

[0003] At present, the existing ecosystem service value estimation has problems such as inaccurate parameters and too coarse spatial granularity of evaluation results, which has great limitations, resulting in poor accuracy and low practicality of ecological service value accounting. The coarse-grained evaluation results suppress the actual spatial heterogeneity between plots. Therefore, how to design a high spatial resolution and fine-grained regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting scheme based on multi-source big data at the pixel scale has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a method and device for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem, so as to solve the defect that the ecological service value accounting scheme of the ecosystem in the prior art has great limitations and leads to poor accuracy of ecological service value accounting.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem, comprising: obtaining satellite image data of a target area and corresponding value evaluation data; and performing remote sensing interpretation on the satellite image data based on a random forest classification model to determine a distribution map of the corresponding regional ecosystem type to be evaluated;

[0006] Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; wherein the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region contains at least one pixel.

[0007] Furthermore, based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including:

[0008] Based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the material product value data, ecological regulation service value data, ecological cultural service value data and ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale;

[0009] Based on the material product value data, the ecological regulation service value data, the ecological culture service value data and the ecological negative regulation value data, the regional ecosystem net ecological service value data based on the pixel scale is obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological regulation service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including:

[0011] Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, an ecological service value estimation is performed to determine the carbon fixation and oxygen release value data, climate regulation value data, groundwater conservation value data, flood regulation value data and material purification value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including:

[0013] Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of greenhouse gas emissions of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of water resource consumption of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of agricultural chemical pollution of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined.

[0014] Furthermore, the remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on the random forest classification model to determine the distribution map of the corresponding regional ecosystem type to be evaluated specifically includes:

[0015] The satellite image data is input into the random forest classification model for remote sensing interpretation to obtain the land feature type output by the random forest classification model; based on the land feature type, a distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the region is determined; wherein the random forest classification model is trained and verified based on regional survey samples.

[0016] Furthermore, the value evaluation data includes regional remote sensing data and regional related statistical data; wherein, the regional remote sensing data includes multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing image data after calibration and geometric correction, gross primary productivity data, surface evapotranspiration data, precipitation and temperature data.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a device for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem, comprising:

[0018] A data acquisition and preprocessing unit is used to acquire satellite image data of the target area and corresponding value evaluation data; and to perform remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on a random forest classification model to determine a distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the corresponding area;

[0019] The ecological service value accounting unit is used to estimate the ecological service value based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and obtain the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; wherein the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region contains at least one pixel.

[0020] Furthermore, the ecological service value accounting unit is specifically used to:

[0021] Based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the material product value data, ecological regulation service value data, ecological cultural service value data and ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale;

[0022] Based on the material product value data, the ecological regulation service value data, the ecological culture service value data and the ecological negative regulation value data, the regional ecosystem net ecological service value data based on the pixel scale is obtained.

[0023] Furthermore, based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological regulation service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including:

[0024] Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, an ecological service value estimation is performed to determine the carbon fixation and oxygen release value data, climate regulation value data, groundwater conservation value data, flood regulation value data and material purification value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to determine the ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including:

[0026] Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of greenhouse gas emissions of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of water resource consumption of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of agricultural chemical pollution of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined.

[0027] Furthermore, the data acquisition and preprocessing unit is specifically used for:

[0028] The satellite image data is input into the random forest classification model for remote sensing interpretation to obtain the land feature type output by the random forest classification model; based on the land feature type, a distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the region is determined; wherein the random forest classification model is trained and verified based on regional survey samples.

[0029] Furthermore, the value evaluation data includes regional remote sensing data and regional related statistical data; wherein, the regional remote sensing data includes multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing image data after calibration and geometric correction, gross primary productivity data, surface evapotranspiration data, precipitation and temperature data.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem as described in any one of the above items are implemented.

[0031] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a processor-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem as described in any one of the above items are implemented.

[0032] The method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem provided by the present invention obtains satellite image data and corresponding value evaluation data of a target area, and performs remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on a random forest classification model to determine the distribution map of the corresponding regional ecosystem type to be evaluated; then, the ecological service value is estimated based on the distribution map of the regional ecosystem type to be evaluated and the value evaluation data, and the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale is obtained. The method is based on the distribution map of the regional ecosystem type to be evaluated obtained by remote sensing image interpretation, and accurately obtains model evaluation parameters to estimate the ecological service value by fusing multi-source remote sensing data to replace statistical data, thereby achieving high spatial resolution and fine-grained spatial mapping of the ecological service value of the regional ecosystem, which not only improves the accuracy of ecological service value accounting, but also more finely depicts the spatial heterogeneity between plots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a complete flow chart of the method for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention provides a histogram of the net ecological service value per unit area in City A;

[0037] Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of the actual temperature difference between the urban area and the rice field area in City A in July and August;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Based on the method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem according to the present invention, an embodiment of the method is described in detail below. Figure 1 As shown, it is a flow chart of the method for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The specific implementation process includes the following steps:

[0042] Step 101: Obtain satellite image data and corresponding value assessment data of the target area; and perform remote sensing interpretation on the satellite image data based on a random forest classification model to determine a distribution map of the ecosystem type to be assessed in the corresponding area.

[0043] Among them, the value evaluation data include regional remote sensing data and regional related statistical data; the regional remote sensing data include multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing image data after calibration and geometric correction, total primary productivity data, surface evapotranspiration data, precipitation and temperature data.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, regional remote sensing data such as Sentinel-2 satellite image data, gross primary productivity data (GPP, Gross Primary Productivity), surface evapotranspiration data (ET, Evapotranspiration), precipitation and temperature data, as well as regional related statistical data are obtained through relevant platforms; then corresponding preprocessing and data sorting are performed.

[0045] For example, the Sentinel-2 satellite image data obtained through the relevant platform can be numbered T50SNJ, T50SNH, T50SMH and T50SMJ, and the cloud cover of the image is less than 5%. The S2MSI1C data is pre-processed by atmospheric correction, resampling, mosaicking and cropping using processing software to generate 13-band multispectral images with a spatial resolution of 10m. The total primary productivity data can be obtained through the relevant platform, with a spatial resolution of 500m and a temporal resolution of 8d. In the specific implementation process, the initial total primary productivity data of the growing season (May 1-August 31) of the product (such as rice) can be obtained, and the QGIS3.22 software is used for cropping and resampling by the bilinear interpolation method to obtain the GPP raster data with a spatial resolution of 10m to obtain the required total primary productivity data. The initial evapotranspiration data of the growing season (May 1-August 31) of the product (such as rice) in the target area is obtained through the relevant platform, and the QGIS3.22 software is used for clipping and resampling by the bilinear interpolation method to obtain ET grid data with a spatial resolution of 10m to obtain the required evapotranspiration data. In addition, the precipitation and temperature data of the product (such as rice) in the target area from May to August are obtained and downloaded to the local computer to obtain the initial precipitation and temperature data, and the QGIS3.22 software is used for clipping and resampling by the bilinear interpolation method to obtain the cumulative precipitation and monthly temperature grid data with a spatial resolution of 10m to obtain the required precipitation and temperature data. The regional associated statistical data includes statistical data such as the rice production cost of the product (such as rice) and the pollutant emission charge price, which can be obtained through the relevant database and will not be described in detail here.

[0046] In this step, the satellite image data is remotely interpreted based on the random forest classification model to determine the distribution map of the corresponding regional ecosystem type to be evaluated. The corresponding specific implementation process includes: inputting the satellite image data into the random forest classification model for remote sensing interpretation to obtain the type of land feature output by the random forest classification model; according to the land feature type, determining the distribution map of the regional ecosystem type to be evaluated; wherein the random forest classification model is obtained by training and verification based on regional survey samples. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, the regional ecosystem may include different types of ecosystems in the region, such as rice field ecosystems, wheat ecosystems, corn ecosystems, and forest ecosystems.

[0047] like Figure 2As shown in process S2 in , taking the rice ecosystem as an example, first, 120 rice-growing areas, 280 other vegetation areas, 69 building areas and 51 water areas are obtained as training samples for model training, and then the initial random forest classification model is used for remote sensing interpretation. 75% of the training samples are randomly selected as the training data set for model training, and the remaining 25% of the samples are used as the verification data set for accuracy verification to obtain a random forest classification model with high classification accuracy.

[0048] Step 102: Estimating the ecological service value based on the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and obtaining the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; wherein the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region includes at least one pixel.

[0049] Specifically, the ecological service value is estimated based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and the value of ecological material products of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (material product value data) is determined; and, the ecological service value is estimated based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and the ecological regulation service value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (ecological regulation service value data) is determined; and, the ecological service value is estimated based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and the ecological cultural service value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (ecological cultural service value data) is determined; and, the ecological service value is estimated based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and the ecological negative regulation value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (ecological negative regulation value data) is determined; based on the ecological material product value, the ecological regulation service value, the ecological cultural service value and the ecological negative regulation value, the net ecological service value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (net ecological service value data) is determined.

[0050] Among them, based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the ecological regulation service value (ecological regulation service value data) of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale is determined. The corresponding specific implementation process includes: based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the carbon fixation and oxygen release value (carbon fixation and oxygen release value data) of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale is determined; and based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the climate regulation value (climate regulation value data) of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale is determined. climate regulation value data); and, based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, an ecological service value is estimated to determine the value of groundwater conservation of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (groundwater conservation value data); and, based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, an ecological service value is estimated to determine the flood regulation value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (flood regulation value data); and, based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, an ecological service value is estimated to determine the material purification value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (material purification value data).

[0051] In addition, based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the ecological negative regulation value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale is determined. The corresponding specific implementation process includes: based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the greenhouse gas emission value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (greenhouse gas emission value data) is determined; and, based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the water resource consumption value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (water resource consumption value data) is determined; and, based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the agricultural chemical pollution value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale (agricultural chemical pollution value data) is determined.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the ecological service value of the rice field regional ecosystem is taken as an example for explanation. Figure 2 As shown in process S3 in the figure, the four functional values ​​of rice field ecosystem, namely material products, ecological regulation services, ecological cultural services and negative ecological regulation, are calculated according to formulas (1)-(23). Specifically, they can be broken down into 11 ecological service value accounting indicators, namely carbon fixation and oxygen release value, climate regulation value, and greenhouse gas emission value.

[0053] Among the material product values, the agricultural product supply function is the most important contribution of farmland ecosystems to human welfare and is also the primary service. As a renewable resource, straw can be used for burning, feeding, direct return to the field, industrial processing, etc. In the embodiment of the present invention, the ecological service value is estimated based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the ecological material product value (i.e., agricultural product value) of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0054] Specifically, the estimation algorithm corresponding to the value of agricultural products is as follows:

[0055] ES1=ES f +ES s -V cost (1)

[0056] ES f =M f ×P f (2)

[0057]

[0058] ES s =M s ×P s (4)

[0059] M s =M f ×K (5)

[0060] V cost =M f ×P cost (6)

[0061] In formula (1), ES1 is the product value data (i.e. rice value data) (ten thousand yuan); ES f is the value of rice products (10,000 yuan); ES s is the value of rice by-product (straw) (10,000 yuan); V cost is the total cost of rice field planting (10,000 yuan); in formula (2), M f is the rice yield at each pixel scale in the target area (t); P f is the market price of rice (yuan / t); in formula (3), GPP is the total primary productivity data during the rice growth period (kg·C / m 2 ); F is the conversion coefficient of carbon to biomass in rice; R is the proportion of aboveground biomass of rice; HI is the rice harvest index; t is 0 to a, indicating the rice growth period; r is a constant; in formula (4), M s is the yield of rice byproduct (straw) (t); P sis the market price of rice byproduct (straw) (yuan / t); in formula (5), K is the rice straw coefficient; in formula (6), P cost It is the cost of rice field cultivation (yuan / t), which mainly includes the purchase of production materials (seeds, fertilizers, agriculture, etc.), irrigation, tillage and agricultural production labor cost data.

[0062] In the process of estimating the ecological service value based on the regional rice field ecosystem distribution map and the value evaluation data to obtain the ecological regulation service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, the ecological service value can be estimated based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the carbon fixation and oxygen release value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0063] In actual implementation, rice has the ability to absorb CO2 and release O2. For example, according to the chemical reaction formula of vegetation photosynthesis, producing 1g of plant dry matter can absorb 1.63g of CO2 and release 1.2g of O2. Based on the IPCC greenhouse gas inventory calculation method, the ecological value of carbon fixation and oxygen release is calculated as follows:

[0064] ES2=V C +V O (7)

[0065] V C =H×α×N C ×P C (8)

[0066]

[0067] H=(M f +M s )×γ (10)

[0068] In formula (7), ES2 is the carbon fixation and oxygen release value (ten thousand yuan); V c is the carbon sequestration value (10,000 yuan), V o is the oxygen release value (10,000 yuan); in formula (8), H is the dry matter mass (t), α is the amount of CO2 that can be fixed by producing 1g of plant dry matter (g), and N c is the ratio of C in CO2; P c is the Swedish carbon tax rate (US dollars / t carbon); in formula (9), β is the amount of O2 released to produce 1g of plant dry matter (g), is the cost price of industrial oxygen production (yuan / t); in formula (10), M f , Ms and γ are rice yield, rice by-product (straw) yield and rice economic coefficient, respectively.

[0069] The ecological service value is estimated based on the regional rice field ecological distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the climate regulation value of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0070] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, the rice field ecosystem reduces the temperature, reduces the temperature range, and increases the air humidity through plant transpiration and water surface evaporation, thereby improving the ecological effect of the comfort level of the human living environment. The energy consumed by cooling and humidifying is used as the evaluation index of the climate regulation function, and its value is estimated using the substitution cost method. The algorithm corresponding to the climate regulation value data is as follows:

[0071] ES3=ET×ξ×P coal (11)

[0072] In formula (11), ES3 is the climate adjustment value data (10,000 yuan); ET is the cumulative evapotranspiration of rice fields from July to August (mm); ξ is 1hm 2 The heat consumed by evaporating 1 mm of water from a rice field is replaced by burning 0.6114 t of standard coal; P coal is the coal price (yuan / t).

[0073] Based on the regional rice field distribution map (i.e., the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region) and the value evaluation data, an ecological service value estimation is performed to determine the value of groundwater conservation of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0074] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, since the rice in the target area needs to keep water in the field for a long time, the number of flooding days in the whole year reaches 140 days. In addition to meeting the needs of crop growth and evaporation, part of the field water will seep into the ground to replenish groundwater and play a role in conserving groundwater sources, while the rest will flow back to rivers and lakes through the irrigation system through drainage. The present invention considers the ecological value of replenishing groundwater. The algorithm corresponding to the groundwater conservation value data is as follows:

[0075] ES4=(IW+P r -ET growth )×P w (12)

[0076] In formula (12), ES4 is the value of groundwater conservation (ten thousand yuan); IW is the irrigation volume during the rice growth period (m 3 ) r is the cumulative precipitation during the rice growing period (May-August) (mm); ET growth is the cumulative evapotranspiration of rice fields during the rice growing period (May-August) (mm); P w is the price of agricultural water (yuan / m 3 ).

[0077] The ecological service value is estimated based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the flood storage value of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0078] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, rice fields are a type of artificial wetland that can divert and store rainwater, play a role in regulating floods and reducing flood disasters. The ecological value of this part mainly adopts the replacement cost method to estimate the construction and maintenance cost of rice fields relative to reservoirs of the same capacity under the regulation of a certain volume of floods. The value of water storage and flood control is calculated based on the average height of rice field ridges in the target area, the average daily water depth in the field, the area of ​​rice fields, and the construction and maintenance cost of flood control reservoirs per unit flood control capacity.

[0079] ES5=(H r -D w )×C w (13)

[0080] In formula (13), ES5 is the flood storage value data (10,000 yuan); H r is the average height of the rice field ridge (m); D w Average water depth in rice fields (m); C w The construction cost and maintenance cost of the reservoir per unit storage capacity (yuan / m 3 ).

[0081] The ecological service value is estimated based on the rice field distribution map of the region and the value evaluation data, and the material purification value of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale is determined.

[0082] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, rice can absorb harmful gases in the air and decompose them into non-toxic substances. At the same time, it can have a good blocking, filtering and adsorption effect on air dust, thereby effectively purifying the air and improving the atmospheric environment. Generally, SO2, NO x The rice field ecosystem can precipitate, remove, absorb and degrade pollutants entering it through a series of physical and biochemical processes, thereby maintaining some or all of the ecological functions of the ecosystem. The algorithms corresponding to the material purification value data include:

[0083] ES6=ES a +ES w (14)

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] In formula (14), ES6 is the material purification value data (ten thousand yuan); ES aValue of air purification (10,000 yuan); ES w is the water purification value (10,000 yuan); in formula (15), A is the rice planting area in the target area (hectares); D i The purification of SO2 and NO by rice fields per unit area is x And the basic amount of dust blocking (t / hm 2 ·year); P i are the cost per unit area of ​​rice fields for purifying sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and blocking dust (yuan / t); in formula (16), Q m is the basic amount of BOD and COD purified per unit area of ​​rice field (kg / hm 2 ·year); P m are the costs of purifying BOD and COD per unit area of ​​rice fields (yuan / kg).

[0087] Based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to determine the ecological and cultural service value of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale;

[0088] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, considering that the rice field regional ecosystem can provide aesthetic experience and spiritual pleasure to the people around it, thereby increasing the value of the surrounding land, the ecological and cultural service value data (i.e., landscape aesthetic value data) was determined. The algorithm corresponding to the landscape aesthetic value data is as follows:

[0089] ES8=A×P a (17)

[0090] In formula (17), ES8 is the landscape aesthetic value data (10,000 yuan); A is the rice planting area in the target area (hectares); P a is the unit area premium brought by the ecosystem (yuan / hm2) 2 a) The present invention takes a value of 8.80.

[0091] In the process of estimating the ecological service value based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the ecological negative regulation value of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale, the ecological service value is estimated based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the greenhouse gas emission value of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0092] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, the algorithm corresponding to the greenhouse gas emission value data is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] In formula (18), ES9 is the greenhouse gas emission value data (ten thousand yuan); is the CH4 emission coefficient per unit area of ​​paddy field (kg / hm 2 ); is the N2O emission from the unit nitrogen application in rice fields (kg / hm 2 );T N 、T P and T P The use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per unit area of ​​paddy fields (kg / hm 2 );E N 、E P and E P represents the greenhouse gas emissions from the production of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (kg CE / kg); P c is the Swedish carbon tax rate ($ / t) carbon.

[0095] The ecological service value is estimated based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the value of water resource consumption of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0096] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, the water resource consumption of the rice field ecosystem is mainly the water consumption required for rice growth (mainly plant transpiration and inter-plant evaporation) and underground seepage. Underground seepage can replenish groundwater in the rice planting area, which is not a direct consumption of rice growth and should be a positive ecological value. Therefore, only the value of water consumed by rice growth is estimated. The algorithm corresponding to the water resource consumption value data is as follows:

[0097] ES 10 =A×V r ×P w (19)

[0098] In formula (19), ES 10 V is the water resource consumption value data (ten thousand yuan); r is the water requirement per unit area of ​​rice field, i.e., ET (mm2) during rice growth; P w is the price of agricultural water (yuan / m 3 ).

[0099] The ecological service value is estimated based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data, and the value of agricultural chemical pollution in the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale is determined.

[0100] Specifically, in the actual implementation process, a large amount of fertilizers and pesticides are used during the growth of rice, which pollutes the rice fields and surrounding water bodies, soil and other environments. The environmental cost method is used for estimation. The algorithm corresponding to the pollution value data of agricultural chemicals is as follows:

[0101] ES 11 =M f ×C (20)

[0102] In formula (20), ES 11 M is the pollution value of agricultural chemicals (ten thousand yuan); f is the rice yield (t); C is the external cost of environmental pollution caused by excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides (yuan / kg).

[0103] Finally, the net ecological service value of the regional rice field ecosystem based on the pixel scale can be determined based on the value of the rice field material products, the value of the rice field regulatory services, the value of the rice field cultural services and the negative regulation value of the rice field.

[0104] Specifically, the net ecological service value of the rice field ecosystem is the difference between the positive ecological service value and the negative ecological value. The corresponding specific algorithm is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] ES N =ES9+ES 10 +ES 11 (twenty two)

[0107] ES total =ES P -ES N (twenty three)

[0108] In formula (21), ES P The sum of positive ecological service values ​​of rice field ecosystem; ES i are the agricultural product service value, regulatory service value and landscape aesthetic value of positive ecological service value; in formula (22), ES N is the sum of negative ecological service values ​​of rice field ecosystem; ES9, ES 10 ,ES 11 are the greenhouse gas emission value, water resource consumption value and agricultural chemical pollution value of negative ecological service value respectively; in formula (23), ES total The net ecological service value of rice field ecosystem.

[0109] In an embodiment of the present invention, the target area corresponds to the regional rice field distribution map, for example, a target area may include multiple ecosystem distribution maps. The regional ecosystem distribution map can be divided into different administrative regions, and different administrative regions are composed of multiple plots (pixels). The net ecological service value obtained by the ecological service value accounting of the regional ecosystem of the present invention is the net ecological service value corresponding to different plots (pixels), thereby realizing the pixelization of the ecological service value estimation parameters of the regional ecosystem, more finely determining the spatial heterogeneity between plots, and improving the accuracy of ecological service value accounting.

[0110] It should be noted that the value evaluation data include all the data used in the specific algorithm corresponding to the ecological service value estimation, such as rice yield, rice by-product yield, oxygen release, irrigation amount during the rice growing period, etc., which will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0111] The regional ecosystem in the specific scenario of application of the present invention includes but is not limited to the rice field ecosystem. It can also be implemented for ecosystem types corresponding to different landforms such as wheat ecosystems, corn ecosystems, and forest ecosystems. When targeting ecosystems corresponding to different landforms such as wheat ecosystems, corn ecosystems, and forest ecosystems, the specific indicators used for calculating the value of ecological services (such as carbon fixation and oxygen release value, climate regulation value, groundwater conservation value, flood storage value, material purification value, greenhouse gas emission value, etc.) can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs, and will not be described in detail here.

[0112] Taking City A as an example, the estimated results of the ecological service value of the rice field ecosystem are as follows: The estimated parameter values ​​of the ecological service value of the rice field ecosystem in City A in 2019 are determined as follows: In formula (2), P f The value is 3000 yuan / t; in formula (3), F is 2.22, R is 0.90, HI is 0.60, t is 0 to a, the growth period is May 1st to August 31st, r is 1.4; in formula (4), P s The value is 50 yuan / t; in formula (5), K is 1.33; in formula (6), P cost The value is 2503.4; in formula (8), α is 1.63g, N c The value is 27.27%, P c The value is 996.34 yuan / t; in formula (9), β is 1.2g, The value is 400 yuan / t; in formula (10), γ is 0.5; in formula (11), P coal The value is 340 (yuan / t); in formula (12), P w The value is 0.24; in formula (13), C w The value is 1.51. According to the field survey, H r The value is 0.40m, D w The value is 0.10m; in formula (15), P i The values ​​are 6.30 yuan / t, 8.50 yuan / t and 1.50 yuan / t respectively, D i The values ​​are 0.045t / hm 2 ·a, 0.033t / hm 2 ·a, 0.92t / hm 2 ·a; In formula (15), Q BODThe value is 17.07 kg / L·a, Q COD The value is 26.34 kg / L·a, and the water purification cost is 46.7 yuan / kg. BOD The value is 46.7 yuan / kg, P COD The value is 46.7 yuan / kg; in formula (17), P a Value: 8.80 yuan / hm 2 ·a; In formula (18), The value is 0.20. The value is 0.256, T N , T P and T P The values ​​are 120, 128 and 112 respectively, E N 、E P and E P The values ​​are 0.00212, 0.00064 and 0.00018 respectively; P c The value is 996.34 yuan / t; in formula (19), P w The value is 0.24; in formula (20), the value of C is 0.11.

[0113] Specifically, in the ecological service value of rice field ecosystems: (1) In the value of ecological material products. In 2019, the total ecological value of agricultural products in the rice field ecosystem of City A was 156,378.01 million yuan, of which the ecological values ​​of rice and straw were 152,986.80 million yuan and 33,912.1 million yuan, respectively. Since agricultural products have a large input in the planting and production process, the production cost must be deducted when calculating the ecological value of material products. The planting cost per unit of rice output in City A is 2503.4 yuan / t, and the total production cost in 2019 is 127,662.39 million yuan. According to formula (1), the net ecological service value of agricultural products in the rice field ecosystem of City A in 2019 is 287,156.22 million yuan. (2) The value of ecological regulation services: The value of rice field ecosystem regulation services in City A in 2019 was 326,555.92 million yuan, of which the value of carbon fixation and oxygen release was 543,298.2 million yuan, the value of carbon fixation was 260,507.2 million yuan, and the value of oxygen release was 282,791.0 million yuan; the value of climate regulation was 217,673.73 million yuan. The total cooling effect in 2019 was 240 mm, equivalent to burning 7.96×10 6t standard coal heat; groundwater conservation value of 83.858 million yuan; flood storage value of 245.7501 million yuan; material purification value of 215.4381 million yuan, air purification value of 105.4610 million yuan, water purification value of 109.9771 million yuan. (3) Ecological and cultural service value. In 2019, the landscape aesthetic value of the rice field ecosystem in City A was 477,400 yuan. (4) Ecosystem negative regulation service value. In 2019, the total negative service value of the rice field ecosystem in City A was 699.169 million yuan, of which the greenhouse gas emission value was 495.1044 million yuan, the water resource consumption value was 33.1783 million yuan, and the agricultural chemical pollution value was 56.0952 million yuan. (5) Net ecological service value (i.e. net ecological service value). In 2019, the total net value of rice field ecosystem services in City A was RMB 2968.3376 million (see Table 1), accounting for 1.41×10 12 The positive value is 65,500 yuan / hectare and the negative value is 10,800 yuan / hectare. The positive value is 6.08 times the negative value, which further illustrates that the rice field ecosystem has the functions of both wetland ecosystem and farmland ecosystem, and its ecological service function plays a greater role in the entire ecosystem.

[0114] Table 1 Ecological service value of rice field ecosystem in City A in 2019

[0115]

[0116] Analysis of the proportion of ecological service functions shows that among the positive values, climate regulation value (61.27%) > carbon fixation and oxygen release value (15.29%) > supply function value (8.08%). The sum of regulation services and cultural services is 11.4 times the supply of material products. This further confirms that the material production value of the rice field ecosystem is far lower than its ecological service value. This is different from the common belief that rice fields only have food production value. People's common sense seriously underestimates the value of rice field ecosystems.

[0117] In terms of the quantity of material products in the rice field ecosystem: (1) The quantity of agricultural products. In 2019, the total quantity of agricultural products in the rice field ecosystem of City A was 118.82×10 4 t, of which the total rice output is 51.00×10 4 t, unit area yield 9400.20kg / hm 2 The total output of rice byproducts (straw) is 67.82×10 4 t, unit area yield 12502.27kg / hm 2(2) Regulating the quality of services. In 2019, the carbon sequestration of the rice field ecosystem in City A was 26.15×10 4 t, oxygen release is 565.58×10 4 t, the amount of groundwater conservation and replenishment is 2.72×10 8 m 3 The flood control capacity is 1.63×10 8 m 3 , purify SO2, NO x and the blocking dust amount were 0.24×10 4 t, 0.18×10 4 t、4.99×10 4 t, the purified BOD and COD amounts were 0.09×10 4 t, 0.14×10 4 t. (3) Negative function value. The greenhouse gas emissions of the rice field ecosystem in City A in 2019 were 49.69×10 4 t, and the water consumption for rice field irrigation is 6.17×10 8 m 3 .

[0118] Table 2 Ecological service quality of rice field ecosystem in City A in 2019

[0119]

[0120] In terms of spatial analysis of ecosystem service value: Figure 3 As shown in Figure 2, the frequency distribution of the net ecological service value per unit area of ​​the rice field ecosystem in City A in 2019 was right-biased and nearly normal, with a maximum value of 87,400 yuan / hm2. 2 The minimum value is 23,600 yuan / hm 2 The highest frequency is 62,900 yuan / hm 2 , accounting for 2.52% of the total frequency and 51.94% of the cumulative frequency. The ecological service value of each district in City A is different. In terms of the cooling effect of the rice field system, the climate regulation value of the rice field ecosystem in City A reached 271,337.21 million yuan in 2019, accounting for 66.45% of the positive ecological value, which is the largest category of functional value. This is mainly because the rice fields always have water in the fields during the growing season. Rice transpiration and water surface evaporation reduce the temperature, reduce the range of temperature changes, and increase air humidity, so that the rice fields can form a cold island opposite to the urban heat island. According to calculations, the total cooling effect of the rice field ecosystem in City A in 2019 was 240 mm, which is equivalent to burning 7.98×10 6 tThe heat of standard coal, such as Figure 4As shown, 45 sample points in urban area and paddy field area were randomly selected to count the maximum temperature in July and August at each point, and the difference between the temperature in urban area and paddy field area was calculated. The results showed that the temperature in paddy field area was lower than that in urban area in July and August. The maximum temperature difference between the two was 1.10℃ and 0.80℃ respectively, and the average difference was 0.38℃ and 0.29℃ respectively. This further illustrates that the climate regulation effect of paddy field ecosystem is significant, which can greatly improve the comfort level of living environment.

[0121] The method for calculating the ecological service value of a rice field ecosystem described in an embodiment of the present invention obtains satellite image data and corresponding value evaluation data of a target area, and performs remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on a random forest classification model to determine a regional rice field distribution map; then, the ecological service value is estimated based on the regional rice field distribution map and the value evaluation data to determine the net ecological service value data of the regional rice field ecosystem based on a pixel scale. This method is based on the regional rice field distribution map obtained by remote sensing image interpretation, integrates multi-source remote sensing data to replace statistical data, automatically calibrates the model, and accurately obtains model evaluation parameters, which can achieve high spatial resolution and fine-grained spatial mapping of the ecological service value of rice field ecosystems in the region, more finely determine the spatial heterogeneity between plots, and improve the accuracy of ecological service value accounting.

[0122] Corresponding to the method for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem provided above, the present invention also provides a device for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem. Since the embodiment of the device is similar to the embodiment of the method described above, the description is relatively simple. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the embodiment of the method described above. The embodiment of the device for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem described below is only illustrative. Please refer to Figure 5 As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of a regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] The regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting device of the present invention specifically includes:

[0124] The data acquisition and preprocessing unit 501 is used to acquire satellite image data of the target area and corresponding value evaluation data; and perform remote sensing interpretation on the satellite image data based on the random forest classification model to determine the distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the corresponding area;

[0125] The ecological service value accounting unit 502 is used to estimate the ecological service value based on the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and determine the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; wherein the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region contains at least one pixel.

[0126] Furthermore, the ecological service value accounting unit is specifically used to:

[0127] Based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the material product value data, ecological regulation service value data, ecological cultural service value data and ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale;

[0128] Based on the material product value data, the ecological regulation service value data, the ecological culture service value data and the ecological negative regulation value data, the regional ecosystem net ecological service value data based on the pixel scale is obtained.

[0129] Furthermore, based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological regulation service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including:

[0130] Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, an ecological service value estimation is performed to determine the carbon fixation and oxygen release value data, climate regulation value data, groundwater conservation value data, flood regulation value data and material purification value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale.

[0131] Furthermore, based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to determine the ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including:

[0132] Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of greenhouse gas emissions of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of water resource consumption of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of agricultural chemical pollution of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined.

[0133] Furthermore, the data acquisition and preprocessing unit is specifically used for:

[0134] The satellite image data is input into the random forest classification model for remote sensing interpretation to obtain the land feature type output by the random forest classification model; based on the land feature type, a distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the region is determined; wherein the random forest classification model is trained and verified based on regional survey samples.

[0135] Furthermore, the value evaluation data includes regional remote sensing data and regional related statistical data; wherein, the regional remote sensing data includes multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing image data after calibration and geometric correction, gross primary productivity data, surface evapotranspiration data, precipitation and temperature data.

[0136] The regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting device described in the embodiment of the present invention obtains satellite image data and corresponding value evaluation data of the target area, and performs remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on the random forest classification model to determine the corresponding regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated; then, the ecological service value is estimated based on the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated and the value evaluation data, and the regional ecosystem net ecological service value data based on the pixel scale is determined. This method is based on the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated obtained by remote sensing image interpretation, integrates multi-source remote sensing data to replace statistical data, automatically calibrates the model, and accurately obtains model evaluation parameters. It can realize regional high spatial resolution and fine-grained ecosystem ecological service value spatial mapping, more finely determine the spatial heterogeneity between plots, and improve the accuracy of ecological service value accounting.

[0137] Corresponding to the regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting method provided above, the present invention also provides an electronic device. Since the embodiment of the electronic device is similar to the above method embodiment, the description is relatively simple. For relevant parts, please refer to the description of the above method embodiment. The electronic device described below is only exemplary. Figure 6 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device may include: a processor 601, a memory 602 and a communication bus 603, wherein the processor 601 and the memory 602 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 603, and communicate with the outside through the communication interface 604. The processor 601 can call the logic instructions in the memory 602 to execute the regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting method, the method comprising: obtaining satellite image data and corresponding value evaluation data of the target area; and performing remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on the random forest classification model to determine the corresponding regional ecosystem type distribution map; based on the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the regional ecosystem net ecological service value data based on the pixel scale; wherein the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated contains at least one pixel.

[0138] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 602 can be implemented in the form of software functional units and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as an independent product. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a storage chip, a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), a random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), a disk or an optical disk, and other media that can store program codes.

[0139] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a processor-readable storage medium, the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting method provided by the above-mentioned method embodiments. The method includes: obtaining satellite image data and corresponding value evaluation data of the target area; and performing remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on a random forest classification model to determine the corresponding regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated; based on the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the regional ecosystem net ecological service value data based on the pixel scale; wherein the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated contains at least one pixel.

[0140] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a processor-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it is implemented to execute the regional ecosystem ecological service value accounting method provided in the above embodiment. The method includes: obtaining satellite image data and corresponding value evaluation data of the target area; and performing remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on the random forest classification model to determine the corresponding regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated; based on the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated, and the regional ecosystem net ecological service value data based on the pixel scale is determined; wherein the regional ecosystem type distribution map to be evaluated contains at least one pixel.

[0141] The processor-readable storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device that can be accessed by the processor, including but not limited to magnetic storage (such as floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical disks (MO), etc.), optical storage (such as CD, DVD, BD, HVD, etc.), and semiconductor storage (such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, non-volatile memory (NANDFLASH), solid-state drive (SSD)), etc.

[0142] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0143] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem, characterized in that: include: Obtain satellite image data of the target area and corresponding value evaluation data; And based on the random forest classification model, remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data is performed to determine the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the corresponding region; Based on the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; wherein the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region contains at least one pixel; Among them, the ecological service value is estimated based on the distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale is obtained, which specifically includes: Based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the material product value data, ecological regulation service value data, ecological cultural service value data and ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; Based on the material product value data, the ecological regulation service value data, the ecological culture service value data and the ecological negative regulation value data, the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale is obtained; Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological regulation service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including: based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to determine the carbon fixation and oxygen release value data, climate regulation value data, groundwater conservation value data, flood storage value data and material purification value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; Based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including: Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of greenhouse gas emissions of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of water resource consumption of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of agricultural chemical pollution of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; The remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on the random forest classification model to determine the distribution map of the corresponding regional ecosystem type to be evaluated specifically includes: The satellite image data is input into the random forest classification model for remote sensing interpretation to obtain the land feature type output by the random forest classification model; based on the land feature type, a distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the region is determined; wherein the random forest classification model is trained and verified based on regional survey samples.

2. The method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The value evaluation data include regional remote sensing data and regional related statistical data; wherein, the regional remote sensing data include multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing image data after calibration and geometric correction, gross primary productivity data, surface evapotranspiration data, precipitation and temperature data.

3. A device for calculating the value of ecological services of a regional ecosystem, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition and preprocessing unit, used to acquire satellite image data of the target area and corresponding value evaluation data; And based on the random forest classification model, remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data is performed to determine the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the corresponding region; An ecological service value accounting unit, used to estimate the ecological service value based on the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, and determine the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; wherein the distribution map of the type of ecosystem to be evaluated in the region contains at least one pixel; The ecological service value accounting unit is specifically used for: Based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the material product value data, ecological regulation service value data, ecological cultural service value data and ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; Based on the material product value data, the ecological regulation service value data, the ecological cultural service value data and the ecological negative regulation value data, determine the net ecological service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological regulation service value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including: based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to determine the carbon fixation and oxygen release value data, climate regulation value data, groundwater conservation value data, flood storage value data and material purification value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale; Based on the distribution map of the ecosystem types to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the ecological service value is estimated to obtain the ecological negative regulation value data of the regional ecosystem based on the pixel scale, specifically including: Based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of greenhouse gas emissions of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of water resource consumption of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; based on the distribution map of the types of ecosystems to be evaluated in the region and the value evaluation data, the value of ecological services is estimated, and the value data of agricultural chemical pollution of regional ecosystems based on the pixel scale is determined; The remote sensing interpretation of the satellite image data based on the random forest classification model to determine the distribution map of the corresponding regional ecosystem type to be evaluated specifically includes: The satellite image data is input into the random forest classification model for remote sensing interpretation to obtain the land feature type output by the random forest classification model; based on the land feature type, a distribution map of the ecosystem type to be evaluated in the region is determined; wherein the random forest classification model is trained and verified based on regional survey samples.

4. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 are implemented.

5. A processor-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for calculating the ecological service value of a regional ecosystem as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 are implemented.

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