A perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic cell device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a perovskite solar cell and a photovoltaic cell device. The perovskite solar cell comprises: a substrate; a transparent electrode arranged on the top surface of the substrate; a first carrier transport layer arranged on the top surface of the transparent electrode; a photovoltaic layer arranged on the top surface of the first carrier transport layer; a second carrier transport layer arranged on the top surface of the photovoltaic layer; a metal top electrode arranged on the top surface of the second carrier transport layer; and a heat-conducting structure is arranged between at least one layer of the above structures or two adjacent layers of the structures. The present invention can accelerate the conduction of heat inside the perovskite solar cell device and accelerate the release of internal steam by arranging a heat-conducting structure in the perovskite solar cell, avoid structural damage caused by Joule heat accumulation and gas evaporation, and improve the stability and life of the solar cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a photovoltaic cell device. Background Art

[0002] Since the 21st century, the energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by the use of fuel have become increasingly serious, greatly restricting the further development of society. Therefore, it is urgent to seek new green, environmentally friendly and renewable energy. Among them, solar energy is a renewable energy with great development prospects. It has the advantages of wide distribution, inexhaustible, clean and pollution-free, which has attracted people's attention. The most important and common method is to use solar cells for light-to-electricity conversion, that is, photovoltaic power generation.

[0003] At present, the most widely used solar cell materials in the market are still silicon-based materials, including single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon, but there are problems such as complicated preparation, high production cost and limited room for improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). To this end, new photovoltaic materials such as multinary compound semiconductors, organic compounds, and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been developed in the past decade. Among them, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials (chemical formula AMX3, where A + =Cs + 、CH3NH3 + 、HC(NH2) 2+ etc., M. 2+ =Pb 2 + Sn 2+ Wait, X - =Cl - Br - ,I - etc.) have the characteristics of moderate band gap, low exciton binding energy, high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion distance, etc. Their batteries have the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, high photoelectric conversion rate, and easy application of large-area flexible devices. They are a rising star among the third-generation new solar cells.

[0004] At present, the mainstream planar perovskite solar cells are mainly nip and pin types, and their basic structures include: transparent conductive glass substrate / first carrier transport layer / photovoltaic layer / second carrier transport layer / metal top electrode. In the above structure, for the nip type, the conductive layer on the transparent conductive glass substrate serves as the anode, the first carrier transport layer is the electron transport layer, the second carrier transport layer is the hole transport layer, and the metal top electrode is the cathode; for the pin type structure, the conductive layer on the transparent conductive glass substrate serves as the cathode, the first carrier transport layer is the hole transport layer, the second carrier transport layer is the electron transport layer, and the metal top electrode is the anode. Perovskite solar cells have inevitable defects: under the irradiation of sunlight, their mechanical properties and photoelectric properties will degrade over time, affecting the performance of the device. For example, the evaporation of organic materials will cause the photoelectric properties of the perovskite layer to decrease and damage the electrode morphology, and "heat" is one of the important factors that accelerate its performance degradation. Therefore, studying the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells is an important research direction. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a perovskite solar cell and a photovoltaic cell device, which are used to solve the problem in the prior art that the mechanical properties and photoelectric characteristics of the perovskite solar cell are easily reduced due to heat accumulation.

[0006] In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0007] substrate;

[0008] A transparent electrode is disposed on the top surface of the substrate;

[0009] A first carrier transport layer is arranged on the top surface of the transparent electrode;

[0010] A photovoltaic layer is disposed on the top surface of the first carrier transport layer;

[0011] A second carrier transport layer is disposed on the top surface of the photovoltaic layer;

[0012] A metal top electrode is disposed on the top surface of the second carrier transport layer;

[0013] A heat-conducting structure is arranged between at least one layer of the structure or between two adjacent layers of the structure.

[0014] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell device, which includes the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell.

[0015] A perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic cell device in the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] By setting up a thermal conductive structure in the perovskite solar cell, the heat conduction inside the perovskite solar cell device can be accelerated, the release of internal heat and steam can be accelerated, structural damage caused by Joule heat accumulation and gas evaporation can be avoided, and the stability and life of the solar cell can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell in the prior art;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in a seventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a circular heat dissipation exhaust hole provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a strip-shaped heat dissipation exhaust hole provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rectangular heat dissipation exhaust hole provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1-substrate, 2-transparent electrode, 3-first carrier transport layer, 4-photovoltaic layer, 5-second carrier transport layer, 6-metal top electrode, 7-first heat dissipation exhaust hole, 8-second heat dissipation exhaust hole, 9-heat transport layer, 10-third heat dissipation exhaust hole, 11-fourth heat dissipation exhaust hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the prior art, planar perovskite solar cells mainly have two structures: nip and pin. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: transparent conductive glass substrate / first carrier transport layer / photovoltaic layer / second carrier transport layer / metal top electrode. For the nip type structure, the conductive layer on the transparent conductive glass substrate serves as the anode, the first carrier transport layer is the electron transport layer (ETL), the second carrier transport layer is the hole transport layer (HTL), and the metal top electrode is the cathode; for the pin type structure, the conductive layer on the transparent conductive glass substrate serves as the cathode, the first carrier transport layer is the hole transport layer (HTL), the second carrier transport layer is the electron transport layer (ETL), and the metal top electrode is the anode. The transparent conductive glass substrate is generally made of FTO, ITO, AZO and other materials, and PET and PEN are generally used for flexible devices. The electron transport layer (ETL) can be divided into two categories: organic materials and inorganic materials. Organic electron transport materials, such as phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and inorganic materials commonly used are TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, etc. The photovoltaic layer (PVK) is generally a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, such as MAPbI3, FAPbI3, MAPbBr3, CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, CsSnI3 and other perovskite crystals. Common materials for hole transport materials (HTL) include Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT:PSS, PTAA, NiOx, etc. Gold and silver are generally selected as metal top electrodes. It can be seen that most of the materials that constitute perovskite solar cells have relatively low thermal conductivity and poor heat dissipation capacity. When current flows through the device, the heat generated cannot be quickly conducted to the surrounding environment. Therefore, the self-heating effect of perovskite solar cells is relatively obvious, which easily causes the accumulation of Joule heat on the device. Due to the thin film layer of the device, the accumulated Joule heat can easily cause the material to evaporate or even mechanically break, causing problems such as device performance degradation or even failure, affecting the normal working state of the device.

[0032] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention adds a thermal conductive structure to the perovskite solar cell. The thermal conductive structure can adopt a heat dissipation exhaust hole or a heat transfer layer to enable the heat generated by the device to be discharged in time, avoiding structural damage caused by Joule heat accumulation and gas evaporation, and improving the stability and life of the solar cell.

[0033] Figure 2-8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0034] Substrate 1;

[0035] A transparent electrode 2 is arranged on the top surface of the substrate 1;

[0036] A first carrier transport layer 3, arranged on the top surface of the transparent electrode 2;

[0037] The photovoltaic layer 4 is arranged on the top surface of the first carrier transport layer 3;

[0038] A second carrier transport layer 5, arranged on the top surface of the photovoltaic layer 4;

[0039] A metal top electrode 6 is disposed on the top surface of the second carrier transport layer 5;

[0040] A heat-conducting structure is arranged between at least one layer of the structure or between two adjacent layers of the structure.

[0041] Exemplarily, when the perovskite solar cell is of nip type, the first carrier transport layer 3 and the second carrier transport layer 5 are respectively an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer; when the perovskite solar cell is of pin type, the first carrier transport layer 3 and the second carrier transport layer 5 are respectively a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer.

[0042] The above-mentioned heat-conducting structure may adopt heat dissipation vents and / or heat transfer layers 9. When heat dissipation vents are adopted, a plurality of first heat dissipation vents 7 may be provided on the metal top electrode 6, and these first heat dissipation vents 7 need to be provided through the metal top electrode 6, so that the heat generated by the second carrier transport layer 5 and other structures can be dissipated through the first heat dissipation vents 7 in time, and the first heat dissipation vents 7 can also buffer the impact of internal steam on the metal top electrode 6, and prevent the metal top electrode 6 from breaking.

[0043] When heat dissipation exhaust holes are used, a plurality of second heat dissipation exhaust holes 8 can be set on the transparent electrode 2. These second heat dissipation exhaust holes 8 need to be set through the transparent electrode 2 so that the heat generated by the first carrier transport layer 3 and other structures can be dissipated through the second heat dissipation exhaust holes 8 in time. At the same time, the second heat dissipation exhaust holes 8 can also buffer the impact of internal steam on the transparent electrode 2 and prevent the transparent electrode 2 from breaking.

[0044] In a possible embodiment, a second heat dissipation vent 8 and a first heat dissipation vent 7 may be provided on the transparent electrode 2 and the metal top electrode 6 , respectively.

[0045] When a heat transfer layer 9 is used, the heat transfer layer 9 can be set between the substrate 1 and the transparent electrode 2. The heat transfer layer 9 is a material with good light transmittance and thermal conductivity, such as diamond, diamond-like carbon, high-resistance silicon carbide, beryllium oxide ceramic, boron nitride or aluminum nitride film, etc., which is used to accelerate the conduction of internal heat of the solar cell through the transparent electrode 2, so that the heat can be released to the surrounding environment more quickly.

[0046] On the basis of adopting the heat transfer layer 9, a plurality of third heat dissipation exhaust holes 10 can also be set on the metal top electrode 6. These third heat dissipation exhaust holes 10 need to be set through the metal top electrode 6 so that the heat generated by the second carrier transport layer 5 and other structures can be dissipated through the third heat dissipation exhaust holes 10 in time. At the same time, the third heat dissipation exhaust holes 10 can also buffer the impact of internal steam on the metal top electrode 6 and prevent the metal top electrode 6 from breaking.

[0047] At the same time, on the basis of adopting the heat transfer layer 9, a plurality of fourth heat dissipation exhaust holes 11 can also be arranged on the transparent electrode 2. These fourth heat dissipation exhaust holes 11 need to be arranged through the transparent electrode 2 so that the heat generated by the first carrier transport layer 3 and other structures can be dissipated through the fourth heat dissipation exhaust holes 11 in time. At the same time, the fourth heat dissipation exhaust holes 11 can also buffer the impact of internal steam on the transparent electrode 2 and prevent the transparent electrode 2 from breaking.

[0048] Furthermore, on the basis of using the heat transfer layer 9 , a fourth heat dissipation vent hole 11 and a third heat dissipation vent hole 10 may be provided on the transparent electrode 2 and the metal top electrode 6 , respectively.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the heat dissipation vents can be circular, strip, rectangular or any other regular or irregular arrangement, including but not limited to the following: Figure 9-11 Given in form.

[0050] At the same time, the heat dissipation vents can be realized by using a photolithography process during the preparation of electrodes (metal top electrodes or transparent electrodes), or by covering a mask plate above the device when depositing a film layer.

[0051] The size of the heat dissipation vent hole can be determined by the size of the solar cell. For example, the electrode size of square centimeters corresponds to the opening size of nanometers to micrometers, and the electrode size of square meters corresponds to the opening size of micrometers to centimeters. Moreover, the above structure can be used for a single solar cell, and the cell size can be square centimeters to square meters.

[0052] The present invention also provides a photovoltaic cell device, which includes any one of the above-mentioned perovskite solar cells.

[0053] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0054] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: Substrate (1); A transparent electrode (2) is arranged on the top surface of the substrate (1); A first carrier transport layer (3) is arranged on the top surface of the transparent electrode (2); A photovoltaic layer (4) is arranged on the top surface of the first carrier transport layer (3); A second carrier transport layer (5) is arranged on the top surface of the photovoltaic layer (4); A metal top electrode (6) is arranged on the top surface of the second carrier transport layer (5); A heat-conducting structure is provided between at least one layer of the structure or two adjacent layers of the structure, and the heat-conducting structure is a first heat dissipation exhaust hole (7). The first heat dissipation exhaust hole (7) is provided on the metal top electrode (6).

2. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the perovskite solar cell is of nip type, the first carrier transport layer (3) and the second carrier transport layer (5) are respectively an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer; when the perovskite solar cell is of pin type, the first carrier transport layer (3) and the second carrier transport layer (5) are respectively a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer.

3. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure is a second heat dissipation exhaust hole (8), and the second heat dissipation exhaust hole (8) is arranged on the transparent electrode (2).

4. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure is a first heat dissipation exhaust hole (7) and a second heat dissipation exhaust hole (8), and the first heat dissipation exhaust hole (7) and the second heat dissipation exhaust hole (8) are respectively arranged on the metal top electrode (6) and the transparent electrode (2).

5. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure is a heat transfer layer (9), and the heat transfer layer (9) is arranged between the substrate (1) and the transparent electrode (2).

6. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure further comprises a third heat dissipation exhaust hole (10), and the third heat dissipation exhaust hole (10) is arranged on the metal top electrode (6).

7. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure further comprises a fourth heat dissipation exhaust hole (11), and the fourth heat dissipation exhaust hole (11) is arranged on the transparent electrode (2).

8. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure further comprises a third heat dissipation exhaust hole (10) and a fourth heat dissipation exhaust hole (11), wherein the third heat dissipation exhaust hole (10) and the fourth heat dissipation exhaust hole (11) are respectively arranged on the metal top electrode (6) and the transparent electrode (2).

9. A photovoltaic cell device, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell device comprises a perovskite solar cell as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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