A rapid cleaning sampling and detection device and method for deep buried polar subglacial lakes

Abstract

The present invention proposes a device and method for rapid clean sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes, which belongs to the field of polar drilling. The device comprises a hot water drilling system, an armored cable pulley, an armored cable, an armored cable winch and a subglacial lake sampling detector. The subglacial lake sampling detector comprises a relay cabin and a thermal melt detector. A cable reel device is arranged in the relay cabin for controlling the automatic retraction and release of a flexible cable, and the flexible cable is connected to the thermal melt detector. The method adopts clean hot water drilling technology to complete rapid drilling of the ice sheet above the subglacial lake, and provides an available drilling channel for the subsequent thermal melt detector below. Before the thermal melt detector is drilled into the subglacial lake and after it is taken out of the subglacial lake, an in-hole refrigeration method is adopted to freeze the melt water in the borehole, thereby effectively isolating the hot water borehole and the subglacial lake water, avoiding the contamination of the subglacial lake water by the hot water in the hot water borehole, and reducing the possibility of introducing pollution sources into the subglacial lake as much as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of polar drilling, and relates to a polar subglacial lake sampling and detection device and method, and in particular to a deep-buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] There are a large number of subglacial lakes, rivers and streams under the polar ice sheets. Some of these subglacial lakes have been sealed off by the ice sheets for a long time and have little material exchange with the outside world, so they may contain special life forms. In recent years, the detection of polar subglacial lakes has become an international research hotspot.

[0003] Drilling sampling is the only means to obtain samples of subglacial lakes. Over the past decade, Russian and American engineers have used deep ice core drilling technology and clean hot water drilling technology to drill into four Antarctic subglacial lakes and obtain some samples. However, the drilling efficiency of deep ice core drilling technology is low, and toxic drilling fluids are required, which can easily pollute the subglacial lake water. In contrast, clean hot water drilling has less pollution to the lake water, but because the surface and the subglacial lake are connected through boreholes, it is easy to introduce pollution sources, and a large amount of hot water in the borehole will enter the subglacial lake during drilling, causing a large amount of material exchange between the subglacial lake water and the hot water in the hole, which can easily destroy the original ecological balance of the closed subglacial lake. Therefore, how to conduct pollution-free sampling and detection of subglacial lakes is still a difficult problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the current sampling and detection methods of polar subglacial lakes are prone to polluting the subglacial lake water, and to provide a rapid cleaning sampling and detection device and method for deep polar subglacial lakes.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for deep buried polar subglacial lakes, comprising a hot water drilling system, an armored cable pulley, an armored cable, an armored cable winch and a subglacial lake sampling detector, wherein the hot water drilling system comprises a hose pulley, a hot water delivery hose, a hot water drill tool and a hot water drill winch, wherein one end of the hot water delivery hose is connected to the hot water drill winch, and the other end is connected to the hot water drill tool after being wound around the hose pulley, and the subglacial lake sampling detector comprises a relay cabin and a heat-melt detector, and one end of the armored cable is connected to the armored cable winch. The first end is connected to the cable winch, and the other end is connected to the relay cabin after being wound around the armored cable pulley; the relay cabin includes a guide block, a spring, a displacement sensor, an outer tube 1, a cable terminal, a first watertight joint, a pressure cabin upper cover, a pressure cabin body, a first semiconductor refrigeration plate, a heating ring, a first measurement and control system, a pressure cabin lower cover, an outer tube 2, a cable drum device, a limit plate, an electric slip ring and a flexible cable. The guide block, the outer tube 1, the pressure cabin upper cover, the pressure cabin body, the pressure cabin lower cover and the outer tube 2 are coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom; the guide block is provided with a central hole for the armored cable to pass through, and the armored cable After passing through the guide block and entering the relay cabin, it is fixed with the cable terminal, and the cable terminal can slide up and down along the inner surface of the outer tube; the spring is fixed between the cable terminal and the guide block; the pressure cabin upper cover, the pressure cabin body and the pressure cabin lower cover together form a sealed pressure cabin; the first semiconductor refrigeration plate and the heating ring are both fixed on the inner wall of the pressure cabin; the first watertight joint is fixed on the pressure cabin upper cover; the first measurement and control system is fixed inside the pressure cabin, and the first measurement and control system is electrically connected to the armored cable and the displacement sensor through the first watertight joint, and the first measurement and control system is also divided into The electric slip ring is electrically connected to the first semiconductor refrigeration plate, the heating ring, and the cable reel device; the limit plate is arranged inside the outer tube 2, and the limit plate divides the internal space of the outer tube 2 into two parts, an upper part and an lower part; the cable reel device is installed inside the outer tube 2 and located above the limit plate, and the cable reel device is used to control the automatic retraction and extension of the flexible cable; one end of the flexible cable is connected to the electric slip ring, and the other end is connected to the thermal melt detector located below the limit plate; the electric slip ring is electrically connected to the second watertight joint fixed on the lower cover of the pressure cabin, and the second watertight joint is electrically connected to the first measurement and control system;The heat-melt detector includes an upper heat-melt drill bit, an outer tube three, a second measurement and control system, a lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor, a water sampler, a camera, a shear pin, a freezer compartment upper cover, a freezer compartment body, a third measurement and control system, a freezer compartment lower cover, an outer tube four and a lower heat-melt drill bit. The upper heat-melt drill bit, the outer tube three, the freezer compartment upper cover, the freezer compartment body, the freezer compartment lower cover, the outer tube four and the lower heat-melt drill bit are coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom, and a flexible cable passes through the center hole of the upper heat-melt drill bit to be connected to the second measurement and control system. The second measurement and control system, the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor, the water sampler and the camera are all fixed inside the outer tube three. The upper heat-melt drill bit is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system through a third watertight joint arranged on the upper part of the second measurement and control system. The lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor, the water sampler and the camera are all connected through a fourth watertight joint arranged at the bottom of the second measurement and control system. The head is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system; the upper cover of the freezing chamber, the freezing chamber body and the lower cover of the freezing chamber together constitute a sealed freezing chamber, the side wall of the freezing chamber body is fixed with a second semiconductor refrigeration plate, the third measurement and control system is fixed in the freezing chamber, one end of the third measurement and control system is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system through the fifth watertight joint set on the upper cover of the freezing chamber, and the other end is electrically connected to the lower hot melt drill bit through the sixth watertight joint set on the lower cover of the freezing chamber, and is electrically connected to the second semiconductor refrigeration plate in the freezing chamber; a force sensor is installed inside the second measurement and control system to detect the tension of the flexible cable, so as to determine whether the upper hot melt drill bit in the hot melt detector is in contact with the limit plate; the outer tube three and the upper cover of the freezing chamber are coaxially fixed by a shear pin, and the shearing force of the shear pin is less than the maximum breaking force of the flexible cable. ;

[0006] Furthermore, a stabilizing ring is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the second outer tube, and the stabilizing ring and the second outer tube are arranged concentrically.

[0007] Furthermore, the cable reel device includes a reel motor, a reel, a lead screw motor, a lead screw, a wire arranging device, a first guide wheel and a second guide wheel, the output shaft of the reel motor is coaxially connected to the reel, and the reel motor is used to drive the reel to rotate to collect or release the flexible cable; the output shaft of the lead screw motor is coaxially connected to the lead screw, and the lead screw motor is used to drive the lead screw to rotate; the wire arranging device is threadedly matched with the lead screw, and the wire arranging device moves up and down along the lead screw under the rotation of the lead screw; the guide wheel group composed of the first guide wheel and the second guide wheel is used to guide the flexible cable; the flexible cable is wound around the reel, one end of the flexible cable is connected to the electric slip ring and the second watertight joint in sequence, and then electrically connected to the first measurement and control system, and the other end is connected to the thermal melt detector after passing through the wire arranging device, the first guide wheel and the second guide wheel in sequence.

[0008] Furthermore, an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate are fixedly provided inside the outer tube 2 in an upper and lower arrangement, and both ends of the drum and the screw rod are respectively mounted on the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate through bearings, and the output shaft of the drum motor is mounted on the lower cover of the pressure chamber through a first bearing; a coupling is connected between the screw rod and the screw rod motor.

[0009] Furthermore, the electric slip ring is connected between the reel and the reel motor.

[0010] Furthermore, there are two cameras, which are arranged in opposite directions to perform video observation of the subglacial lake from windows on both sides of the outer tube 2.

[0011] The present invention also proposes a method for rapid cleaning sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes, which is characterized in that the method performs sampling and detection based on the rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for deep polar subglacial lakes, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: melt and drill the ice cover on the subglacial lake using a hot water drilling system to form a borehole. When drilling reaches a predetermined position from the subglacial lake surface, stop drilling and pull the hot water drilling tool in the hot water drilling system out of the hole.

[0013] Step 2: lower the disinfected and sterilized relay cabin and the heat-melt detector to the bottom of the borehole through the armored cable, and start the first semiconductor refrigeration sheet in the pressure cabin of the relay cabin to cool down the water in the borehole around the pressure cabin and refreeze it;

[0014] Step 3: When the water around the pressure cabin is completely frozen, start the cable drum device in the relay cabin to release the flexible cable, and at the same time open the lower heat-melt drill bit of the heat-melt detector. The heat from the lower heat-melt drill bit will continue to melt the ice layer below it to form a new borehole, until the ice cap above the subglacial lake is drilled through, allowing the heat-melt detector to enter the subglacial lake.

[0015] Step 4: After the heat-melt detector enters the subglacial lake, the water sampler is turned on to collect water samples from the subglacial lake. At the same time, the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor and camera are turned on to record videos and measure the physical and chemical parameters of the subglacial lake water.

[0016] Step 5: After the water sampling and lake water observation are completed, the cable drum device in the relay cabin is started to collect the flexible cable, and the heat-melt detector is pulled into the relay cabin. Then, the second semiconductor refrigeration plate in the freezing cabin of the heat-melt detector is turned on to refreeze the water around the freezing cabin; and the heating ring in the pressure cabin in the relay cabin is turned on to melt the water around the pressure cabin and restore the freedom of the relay cabin; at this time, since the freezing cabin section has been frozen, the lake water under the ice and the borehole located on the upper part of the freezing cabin are in an isolated state;

[0017] Step six, control the armored cable winch to pull the relay cabin up. When the pulling force of the armored cable is greater than the strength of the shear pin above the cryochamber, the shear pin breaks, and the relay cabin and the part above the cryochamber of the heat-melt detector are lifted out of the hole, and the cryochamber of the heat-melt detector and the part below the cryochamber are abandoned in the ice, continuing to isolate the water of the subglacial lake and the borehole located on the upper part of the cryochamber, until all the water in the borehole located on the upper part of the cryochamber is frozen, and the subglacial lake is re-sealed.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 1, the predetermined position is 18m to 22m away from the surface of the subglacial lake.

[0019] Furthermore, in step two, before reaching the bottom of the borehole, the tension of the armored cable is equal to the sum of the weight of the relay cabin and the heat melt detector, the spring is in the maximum compression state, and the value of the displacement sensor does not change; after the heat melt detector contacts the bottom of the borehole, the tension on the armored cable decreases, and the cable terminal will drive the displacement sensor downward under the action of the spring, and the value of the displacement sensor changes, so as to judge whether the heat melt detector has touched the bottom based on whether the value of the displacement sensor has changed.

[0020] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step three, while the thermal melt probe is drilling downward to melt the ice, a hot water drill tool is used to move up and down in the upper hot water borehole, and the lowest injection position of the hot water drill tool needs to be maintained at more than 10m away from the position of the relay cabin, and the borehole located above the relay cabin is kept from freezing by continuous hot water injection.

[0021] Through the above design scheme, the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The rapid clean sampling and detection device and method for deep polar subglacial lakes provided by the present invention adopts clean hot water drilling technology to complete the rapid drilling of the ice sheet above the subglacial lake, providing an available drilling channel for the subsequent thermal melt detector below, which saves a lot of drilling time compared with conventional deep ice core drilling technology and thermal melt detection technology.

[0023] 2. The rapid cleaning sampling and detection device and method for deep polar subglacial lakes provided by the present invention adopts in-hole refrigeration to freeze the melt water in the borehole before the hot melt detector drills into the subglacial lake and after it is pulled out from the subglacial lake, thereby effectively isolating the hot water borehole and the subglacial lake water, avoiding the contamination of the subglacial lake water by the hot water in the hot water borehole, and minimizing the possibility of introducing pollution sources into the subglacial lake. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to understand the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for deep polar subglacial lakes;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the subglacial lake sampling probe;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of the rapid cleaning sampling detection device for deep polar subglacial lakes.

[0028] The marks in the figure are as follows: 1-hose pulley; 2-hot water delivery hose; 3-hot water drill tool; 4-hot water drill winch; 5-armored cable pulley; 6-armored cable; 7-relay cabin; 8-thermal melt detector; 9-armored cable winch; 10-guide block; 11-spring; 12-displacement sensor; 13-outer tube one; 14-cable terminal; 15-first watertight joint; 16-pressure cabin upper cover; 17-pressure cabin body; 18-first semiconductor refrigeration plate; 19-heating ring; 20-first measurement and control system; 21-reel motor; 22-pressure cabin lower cover; 23-upper fixed plate; 24-outer tube two; 25-reel; 26-lower fixed plate; 27-limiting plate; 28-rightening ring; 29-screw motor; 3 0-first bearing; 31-second bearing; 32-coupling; 33-electric slip ring; 34-screw; 35-flexible cable; 36-cable arranger; 37-first guide wheel; 38-second guide wheel; 39-upper hot melt drill bit; 40-outer tube three; 41-second measurement and control system; 42-lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor; 43-water sampler; 44-camera; 45-shear pin; 46-freezing chamber upper cover; 47-freezing chamber body; 48-third measurement and control system; 49-freezing chamber lower cover; 50-outer tube four; 51-lower hot melt drill bit; 52-second watertight joint; 53-third watertight joint; 54-fourth watertight joint; 55-fifth watertight joint; 56-sixth watertight joint; 57-second semiconductor refrigeration plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content specifically described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention with this. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. In order to avoid confusing the essence of the present invention, known methods, processes, flows, components and circuits are not described in detail. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth" are only used for descriptive purposes, and the features limited to "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth" do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the method for rapid cleaning sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes using the deep polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device provided by the present invention is realized by the following principles:

[0031] The key to sampling and detecting deep polar subglacial lakes is how to make the sampling detector quickly penetrate the ice cap above the subglacial lake and enter the subglacial lake, and reduce the entry of foreign substances into the subglacial lake as much as possible. The method for rapid clean sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes of the present invention is:

[0032] A clean hot water drilling system is used to quickly drill a hole in the ice cover above the subglacial lake, and the hot water drilling is stopped when the drilling reaches a position about 20 meters above the subglacial lake, and the hot water drilling tool 3 is lifted out of the hole. It should be noted that the purpose of stopping the hot water drilling when the drilling reaches a position about 20 meters above the subglacial lake is, on the one hand, to ensure that the ice layer has sufficient strength, to prevent the water pressure of the subglacial lake from being greater than the water column pressure in the hot water borehole, thereby causing hydraulic fracturing and leading to premature hydraulic connection between the borehole and the water of the subglacial lake; on the other hand, it can ensure that the hot melt detector 8 can quickly penetrate into the subglacial lake.

[0033] Then, the relay cabin 7 and the heat-melt detector 8 that have been disinfected and sterilized are lowered to the bottom of the borehole through the armored cable 6, and the first semiconductor refrigeration plate 18 in the pressure cabin of the relay cabin 7 is started to cool down and refreeze the water in the borehole around the pressure cabin, so as to achieve the purpose of closing the borehole and isolate the water of the subglacial lake from the borehole located above the relay cabin 7.

[0034] When the water around the pressure chamber is completely frozen, the drum motor 21 in the relay chamber 7 is started to release the cable from the drum 25, and at the same time, the lower hot melt drill bit 51 of the hot melt detector 8 is opened to allow the hot melt detector 8 to slowly melt and descend until the hot melt detector 8 enters the subglacial lake. Since the hot water borehole can usually remain open for 1 to 2 days after the drilling is completed, this time is sufficient for the hot melt detector 8 to drill into the subglacial lake and return. If the drilling time is prolonged due to a failure of the drilling tool, the hot water drill winch 4 can be used to control the hot water drill tool 3 to move up and down in the borehole above the relay chamber 7 during the downward drilling of the hot melt detector 8, so as to provide heat for the melt water in the borehole and ensure that the upper borehole is always in an open state.

[0035] After the thermal melt detector 8 enters the subglacial lake, the water sampler 43 is turned on to collect water samples from the subglacial lake, and the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor 42 and the camera 44 are turned on at the same time to record the video and measure the physical and chemical parameters of the subglacial lake water;

[0036] After the water sampling and lake water observation are completed, the reel motor 21 in the relay cabin 7 is started to retract the reel 25, and the heat-melt detector 8 is pulled into the relay cabin 7. Then, the second semiconductor refrigeration plate 57 in the freezing cabin of the heat-melt detector 8 is turned on to refreeze the water around the freezing cabin and seal the lower borehole; and the heating ring 19 in the pressure cabin of the relay cabin 7 is turned on to melt the water around the pressure cabin and restore the freedom of the relay cabin 7; at this time, since the freezing cabin section has been frozen, the lake water under the ice and the borehole located at the upper part of the freezing cabin are in an isolated state;

[0037] The hot water drill tool 3 is lifted out of the hole by the hot water drill winch 4, and then the relay cabin 7 is lifted up by the armored cable winch 9 located on the surface. When the pulling force of the armored cable 6 is greater than the strength of the shear pin 45 above the freezing chamber, the shear pin 45 breaks, and the relay cabin 7 and the part above the freezing chamber of the heat-melt detector 8 are lifted out of the hole, and the freezing chamber and the part below the freezing chamber of the heat-melt detector 8 are abandoned in the ice, continuing to isolate the water of the subglacial lake and the borehole located above the freezing chamber until all the water in the borehole located above the freezing chamber is frozen and the subglacial lake is re-sealed.

[0038] The deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device comprises a hose pulley 1, a hot water delivery hose 2, a hot water drill tool 3, a hot water drill winch 4, an armored cable pulley 5, an armored cable 6, a subglacial lake sampling detector and an armored cable winch 9. The subglacial lake sampling detector comprises a relay cabin 7 and a thermal melt detector 8. One end of the hot water delivery hose 2 is connected to the hot water drill winch 4, and the other end is connected to the hot water drill tool 3 after passing through the hose pulley 1. The hot water drill tool 3 can be raised and lowered by controlling the rotation of the hot water drill winch 4; one end of the armored cable 6 is connected to the armored cable winch 9, and the other end is connected to the relay cabin 7 after passing through the armored cable winch 5. The relay cabin 7 and the thermal melt detector 8 can be raised and lowered by controlling the rotation of the armored cable winch 9. The hose pulley 1 and the armored cable pulley 5 can move left and right for a certain distance, so as to control the hot water drill tool 3 or the relay cabin 7 to align with the center of the borehole.

[0039] The relay cabin 7 includes a guide block 10, a spring 11, a displacement sensor 12, an outer tube 13, a cable terminal 14, a first watertight joint 15, a pressure cabin upper cover 16, a pressure cabin body 17, a first semiconductor refrigeration plate 18, a heating ring 19, a first measurement and control system 20, a drum motor 21, a pressure cabin lower cover 22, an upper fixing plate 23, an outer tube 24, a drum 25, a lower fixing plate 26, a limit plate 27, a straightening ring 28, a screw motor 29, a first bearing 30, a second bearing 31, a coupling 32, an electric slip ring 33, a screw 34, a flexible cable 35, a cable arranging device 36, a first guide wheel 37 and a first bearing 30. Two guide wheels 38; the guide block 10, the outer tube 13, the pressure chamber upper cover 16, the pressure chamber body 17, the pressure chamber lower cover 22 and the outer tube 24 are coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom with screws; the armored cable 6 passes through the center hole of the guide block 10 into the relay cabin 7 and is fixed to the cable terminal 14. The cable terminal 14 can slide up and down along the inner surface of the outer tube 13. The spring 11 is fixed between the cable terminal 14 and the guide block 10. The two ends of the displacement sensor 12 are respectively fixed on the outer tube 13 and the cable terminal 14. The force condition on the armored cable 6 can be obtained through the stiffness of the spring 11 and the compression deformation of the spring 11. The pressure chamber upper cover 16, the pressure chamber body 17 and the pressure chamber lower cover 22 together constitute a sealed pressure chamber to protect the electrical components installed inside the pressure chamber. More than three groups of first semiconductor refrigeration plates 18 and more than two groups of heating rings 19 are pasted and fixed to the inner wall of the pressure chamber body 17; the first measurement and control system 20 is fixed inside the pressure chamber and is electrically connected to the armored cable 6 and the displacement sensor 12 respectively through the first watertight joint 15 fixed on the pressure chamber upper cover 16. The first measurement and control system 20 also supplies power to the first semiconductor refrigeration plate 18, the heating ring 19, the drum motor 21, the screw motor 29 and the second watertight joint 52 respectively; the output shafts of the drum motor 21 and the screw motor 29 are sealed and fixed on the pressure chamber lower cover 22 through the first bearing 31 and the second bearing 30 respectively.The upper fixing plate 23 and the lower fixing plate 26 are fixed inside the outer tube 24 by screws, the reel 25 and the screw rod 34 are fixed between the upper fixing plate 23 and the lower fixing plate 26 by bearings, an electric slip ring 33 is connected between the reel 25 and the reel motor 21, a coupling 32 is connected between the screw rod 34 and the screw motor 29, and the cable arranging device 36 is threadedly matched with the screw rod 34 and can move up and down under the rotation of the screw rod 34; the guide wheel group composed of the first guide wheel 37 and the second guide wheel 38 is used to guide the flexible cable 35 The flexible cable 35 is wound on the reel 25, one end of the flexible cable 35 is connected to the electric slip ring 33, and the other end is connected to the thermal melt detector 8 after passing through the cable arranger 36, the first guide wheel 37 and the second guide wheel 38; the electric slip ring 33 is electrically connected to the second watertight joint 52 fixed on the lower cover 22 of the pressure chamber, and the second watertight joint 52 is electrically connected to the first measurement and control system 20; the first guide wheel 37 is fixed on the lower fixed plate 26, and the second guide wheel 38 is fixed on the limit plate 27, and the limit plate 27 is fixed to the outer tube 24 by screws.

[0040] The straightening ring 28 is made of engineering materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, and is fixed to the lower part of the inner wall of the second outer tube 24 by screws. The straightening ring 28 and the second outer tube 24 are arranged concentrically to straighten the thermal melt detector 8.

[0041] The heat-melt detector 8 includes an upper heat-melt drill bit 39, an outer tube three 40, a second measurement and control system 41, a lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor 42, a water sampler 43, a camera 44, a shear pin 45, a freezer compartment upper cover 46, a freezer compartment body 47, a third measurement and control system 48, a freezer compartment lower cover 49, an outer tube four 50 and a lower heat-melt drill bit 51. The upper hot melt drill bit 39, outer tube three 40, freezing chamber upper cover 46, freezing chamber body 47, freezing chamber lower cover 49, outer tube four 50 and lower hot melt drill bit 51 are coaxially connected by screws from top to bottom, and the flexible cable 35 passes through the center hole of the upper hot melt drill bit 39 to be connected with the second measurement and control system 41. The second measurement and control system 41, the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor 42, the water sampler 43 and the two cameras 44 are respectively fixed inside the outer tube three 40. The upper hot melt drill bit 39 is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system 41 through a third watertight joint 53 arranged on the upper part of the second measurement and control system 41. The lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor 42, the water sampler 43 and the two cameras 44 are respectively electrically connected through a fourth watertight joint 54 arranged at the bottom of the second measurement and control system 41. The outer tube three 40 is provided with windows corresponding to the positions of the water sampler 43 and the camera 44, so that after the heat melt detector 8 enters the subglacial lake, the water of the subglacial lake can be sampled and observed.

[0042] The freezing chamber upper cover 46, freezing chamber body 47 and freezing chamber lower cover 49 together constitute a sealed freezing chamber, and a second semiconductor refrigeration plate 57 is adhered and fixed to the side wall of the freezing chamber body 47. One end of the third measurement and control system 48 fixed in the freezing chamber is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system 41 through the fifth watertight joint 55 of the freezing chamber upper cover 46, and the other end is electrically connected to the lower hot melt drill bit 51 through the sixth watertight joint 56 of the freezing chamber lower cover 49, and is electrically connected to the second semiconductor refrigeration plate 57 in the freezing chamber.

[0043] The second measurement and control system 41 is internally installed with a force sensor, which can detect the tension of the flexible cable 35. The tension of the flexible cable 35 can help determine whether the upper hot melt drill bit 39 of the hot melt detector 8 is in contact with the limit plate 27, thereby determining the position of the hot melt detector 8.

[0044] The lake water physical and chemical parameter sensors 42 include temperature, pressure, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen sensors, etc.

[0045] The two cameras 44 are arranged in opposite directions to perform video observation of the subglacial lake from the two side windows of the outer tube 24 respectively.

[0046] The outer tube 3 40 and the upper cover 46 of the freezing chamber are coaxially fixed by a shear pin 45 , and the shearing force of the shear pin 45 is less than the maximum breaking force of the flexible cable 35 .

[0047] The metal parts of the relay cabin 7 and the heat-melt detector 8 are all made of titanium alloy to improve the corrosion resistance and avoid contamination of the subglacial lake water.

[0048] The above-mentioned displacement sensor 12, first measurement and control system 20, second measurement and control system 41, third measurement and control system 48, lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor 42, water sampler 43 and camera 44 are all existing equipment, so the specific models and specifications are not repeated.

[0049] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the working process of the rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for deep polar subglacial lakes is shown, and A, B, C, D and E show four working states of the rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for deep polar subglacial lakes. According to the layout direction of the drawings in the specification, actions are performed in the directions indicated by the arrows in the drawings: the state of the rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for deep polar subglacial lakes represented by A is to use the hot water drill bit 3 to quickly drill a hole in the upper ice cover of the subglacial lake; the state of the rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for deep polar subglacial lakes represented by B is to lift the hot water drill bit 3 out of the hole, and lower the relay cabin 7 and the hot melt detector 8 to the hot water drill bit 3. The bottom of the borehole is reached, and the water around the pressure compartment is frozen to close the borehole; the state of the deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device represented by C is that the heat-melt detector 8 drills down to the subglacial lake, and collects water and observes the lake water; the state of the deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device represented by D is that the heat-melt detector 8 returns to the relay cabin 7, and freezes the water around the freezing compartment to close the borehole, and the pressure compartment is heated and melted; the state of the deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device represented by E is that the observation is completed, the relay cabin 7 and the heat-melt detector 8 are lifted out of the hole, and the bottom of the freezing compartment continues to freeze in the borehole. The process of the deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection method is as follows:

[0050] Before drilling, the deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device needs to disinfect and sterilize the hot water delivery hose 2, the hot water drilling tool 3, the armored cable 6 and the subglacial lake sampling detector on the surface.

[0051] During drilling, first move the hose pulley 1 until the hot water drill tool 3 is in the center of the borehole, and move the armored cable pulley 5 to clear the center of the borehole; then, use the hot water drill winch 4 to control the hot water drill tool 3 to move downward by releasing the hot water delivery hose 2, and high-pressure hot water is sprayed from the hot water drill tool 3, and the heat from the hot water is used to melt the ice layer to form a borehole; stop drilling when the distance from the subglacial lake surface is about 20m, and then use the hot water drill winch 4 to pull the hot water hose 2 to lift the hot water drill tool 3 out of the hole; then move the hose pulley 1 to make the hot water drill tool 3 clear of the center of the borehole, and at the same time move the armored cable pulley 5 to make the relay cabin 7 and the thermal melt detector 8 located in the center of the borehole.

[0052] Control the armored cable winch 9 to rotate, and lower the subglacial lake sampling detector to the bottom of the drilled hole. Before reaching the bottom of the hole, the tension of the armored cable 6 is the same as the weight of the subglacial lake sampling detector, and the spring 11 is in the maximum compression state. After the heat-melt detector 8 in the subglacial lake sampling detector contacts the bottom of the hole, the tension on the armored cable 6 decreases, and the cable terminal 14 will drive the displacement sensor 12 to move downward under the action of the spring 11. The value change of the displacement sensor 12 can be used to determine whether the heat-melt detector 8 has touched the bottom. At the same time, the current tension of the armored cable 6 can be calculated by the stiffness of the spring 11 and the deformation of the spring 11. Combined with the deadweight of the relay cabin 7 and the heat-melt detector 8, the contact pressure between the heat-melt detector 8 and the bottom of the borehole can be known.

[0053] When it is determined that the heat-melt detector 8 in the subglacial lake sampling detector has reached the bottom of the hole, the armored cable winch 9 is stopped. The first semiconductor refrigeration plate 18 in the relay cabin 7 is turned on, and the first semiconductor refrigeration plate 18 continues to transfer cold to the surrounding melt water through the pressure cabin 17 until the melt water around the pressure cabin 17 is completely frozen, so as to achieve the isolation of the upper and lower boreholes. Then, the lower heat-melt drill bit 51 of the heat-melt detector 8 is turned on, and the reel motor 21 is controlled to drive the reel 25 to rotate and release the flexible cable 35, so that the heat-melt detector 8 slowly descends, and the heat of the lower heat-melt drill bit 51 will continue to melt the ice layer below the lower heat-melt drill bit 51 to form a new borehole, until the remaining ice layer above the subglacial lake is drilled through, so that the heat-melt detector 8 enters the subglacial lake completely. Since the hot water borehole can usually remain open for 1 to 2 days after the drilling is completed, this time is sufficient for the heat-melt detector 8 to drill into the subglacial lake and return. If a failure of the drilling tool causes the drilling time to be prolonged, the hot water drill winch 4 can be used to control the hot water drill tool 3 to move up and down regularly in the borehole above the relay cabin 7 during the downward drilling of the heat melt detector 8, thereby providing heat for the melt water in the borehole and ensuring that the upper borehole is always in an open state. The lowest injection position of the hot water drill tool 3 needs to be maintained at more than 10m above the position of the relay cabin 7 to prevent the hot water from melting the frozen ice around the pressure cabin 17.

[0054] After the heat-melt detector 8 enters the subglacial lake, the drum motor 21 is stopped to make the heat-melt detector 8 hover, and the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor 42, water sampler 43 and camera 44 are powered on at the same time to sample and observe the lake water. After the sampling and observation are completed, the drum motor 21 is controlled to drive the drum 25 to rotate in the opposite direction to lift the flexible cable 35, and slowly lift the heat-melt detector 8 into the relay cabin 7. The straightening ring 28 plays a guiding role when the heat-melt detector 8 enters the relay cabin 7. When the heat-melt detector 8 contacts the limit plate 27, the tension on the flexible cable 35 increases, thereby causing the current of the drum motor 21 to increase sharply, thereby judging that the heat-melt detector 8 is in place, and the drum motor 21 is stopped at this time. Since the temperature of the ice layer of the ice sheet close to the subglacial lake is relatively high, it usually does not freeze in a short period of time. Therefore, the heat melt detector 8 can be directly lifted from the subglacial lake along the original drilling channel to the position of the relay cabin 7. If the borehole wall freezes and shrinks, it is necessary to open the upper heat melt drill bit 39 during the rising process of the heat melt detector 8, and drill and rise at the same time until it reaches the position of the relay cabin 7.

[0055] After the heat melt detector 8 is in place, the second semiconductor refrigeration plate 57 in the heat melt detector 8 is powered, and the second semiconductor refrigeration plate 57 continues to transfer cold to the surrounding melt water through the freezing chamber 47 until the melt water around the freezing chamber 47 is completely frozen, so as to achieve the isolation of the upper and lower boreholes. After that, the heating ring 19 in the relay chamber 7 is powered to melt the ice frozen around the pressure chamber 17, so that the relay chamber 7 is free again; then the relay chamber 7 and the heat melt detector 8 are lifted by the armored cable winch 9. At this time, since the freezing chamber 47 is frozen in the ice, the shear pin 45 used to connect the outer tube 3 40 and the freezing chamber upper cover 46 will be cut off, and the relay chamber 7 and the part above the freezing chamber of the heat melt detector 8 will be lifted to the surface; while lifting the relay chamber 7, the hot water drill 3 will also be lifted to the surface by the hot water drill winch 4, so as to complete the detection of the subglacial lake.

[0056] The freezing chamber of the heat-melt detector 8 and the part below the freezing chamber are abandoned in the ice, continuing to isolate the subglacial lake water and the upper borehole until all the water in the upper borehole is frozen and the subglacial lake is re-sealed.

[0057] The method and device for rapid cleaning sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes provided by the present invention are manufactured and processed using titanium alloy as much as possible, and all downhole drilling tools are disinfected and sterilized on the surface, further reducing the possibility of contaminating the subglacial lake.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the deep-buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device and method provided by the present invention adopts in-hole refrigeration to freeze the melt water in the borehole before the hot melt detector 8 is drilled into the subglacial lake and after it is pulled out from the subglacial lake, thereby effectively isolating the hot water borehole and the subglacial lake water, avoiding the contamination of the subglacial lake water by the hot water in the hot water borehole, and reducing the possibility of introducing pollution sources into the subglacial lake as much as possible, effectively solving the problem that the current polar subglacial lake sampling and detection methods are prone to pollute the subglacial lake water. .

Claims

1. A rapid cleaning sampling and detection device for a deep buried polar subglacial lake, comprising a hot water drilling system, an armored cable pulley (5), an armored cable (6), an armored cable winch (9) and a subglacial lake sampling detector, wherein the hot water drilling system comprises a hose pulley (1), a hot water delivery hose (2), a hot water drilling tool (3) and a hot water drilling winch (4), wherein one end of the hot water delivery hose (2) is connected to the hot water drilling winch (4), and the other end is connected to the hot water drilling tool (3) after being wound around the hose pulley (1), and the characteristics are as follows: The subglacial lake sampling detector comprises a relay cabin (7) and a thermal melting detector (8); one end of the armored cable (6) is connected to an armored cable winch (9), and the other end is connected to the relay cabin (7) after being wound around an armored cable pulley (5); the relay cabin (7) comprises a guide block (10), a spring (11), a displacement sensor (12), an outer tube 1 (13), a cable terminal (14), a first watertight joint (15), a pressure cabin upper cover (16), a pressure cabin body (17), a first semiconductor cooling plate (18), a heating ring (19), a first measurement and control system (20), a pressure cabin lower cover (22), an outer tube 2 (24), and a cable reel device , a limit plate (27), an electric slip ring (33) and a flexible cable (35); the guide block (10), the outer tube one (13), the pressure chamber upper cover (16), the pressure chamber body (17), the pressure chamber lower cover (22) and the outer tube two (24) are coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom; the guide block (10) is provided with a central hole for the armored cable (6) to pass through; the armored cable (6) passes through the guide block (10) and enters the relay chamber (7) and is fixed to the cable terminal (14); the cable terminal (14) can slide up and down along the inner surface of the outer tube one (13); the spring (11) is fixed between the cable terminal (14) and the guide block (10); the pressure chamber upper cover (16), the pressure chamber body (17) and the pressure chamber lower cover (22) together form a sealed pressure chamber; the first semiconductor cooling plate (18) and the heating ring (19) are both fixed on the inner wall of the pressure chamber; the first watertight joint (15) is fixed on the pressure chamber upper cover (16); the first measurement and control system (20) is fixed inside the pressure chamber, and the first measurement and control system (20) is electrically connected to the armored cable (6) and the displacement sensor (12) through the first watertight joint (15), and the first measurement and control system (20) is also electrically connected to the first semiconductor cooling plate (18), the heating ring (19) and the cable reel device; the limit plate (2 7) is arranged inside the second outer tube (24), and the limit plate (27) divides the internal space of the second outer tube (24) into two parts, an upper part and an lower part; the cable drum device is installed inside the second outer tube (24) and located above the limit plate (27), and the cable drum device is used to control the automatic retraction and extension of the flexible cable (35); one end of the flexible cable (35) is connected to the electric slip ring (33), and the other end is connected to the thermal melt detector (8) located below the limit plate (27); the electric slip ring (33) is electrically connected to the second watertight joint (52) fixed on the lower cover (22) of the pressure chamber, and the second watertight joint (52) is electrically connected to the first measurement and control system (20);The heat-melt detector (8) comprises an upper heat-melt drill bit (39), an outer tube third (40), a second measurement and control system (41), a lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor (42), a water sampler (43), a camera (44), a shear pin (45), a freezing chamber upper cover (46), a freezing chamber body (47), a third measurement and control system (48), a freezing chamber lower cover (49), an outer tube fourth (50) and a lower heat-melt drill bit (51), wherein the upper heat-melt drill bit (39), the outer tube third (40), the freezing chamber upper cover (46), the freezing chamber body (47), the freezing chamber lower cover (49), the outer tube fourth (50) and The lower hot melt drill bit (51) is coaxially connected in sequence from top to bottom, the flexible cable (35) passes through the center hole of the upper hot melt drill bit (39) and is connected to the second measurement and control system (41), the second measurement and control system (41), the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor (42), the water sampler (43) and the camera (44) are all fixed inside the outer tube three (40), the upper hot melt drill bit (39) is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system (41) through a third watertight joint (53) arranged on the upper part of the second measurement and control system (41), the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor (42), the water sampler (43) and the camera (44) are all connected through The third measurement and control system (48) is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system (41) through a fourth watertight joint (54) arranged at the bottom of the second measurement and control system (41); the refrigeration chamber upper cover (46), the refrigeration chamber body (47) and the refrigeration chamber lower cover (49) together constitute a sealed refrigeration chamber, a second semiconductor refrigeration plate (57) is fixed to the side wall of the refrigeration chamber body (47), and the third measurement and control system (48) is fixed in the refrigeration chamber. One end of the third measurement and control system (48) is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system (41) through a fifth watertight joint (55) arranged on the refrigeration chamber upper cover (46), and the other end is electrically connected to the second measurement and control system (41) through a fifth watertight joint (55) arranged on the refrigeration chamber lower cover The sixth watertight joint (56) on the (49) is electrically connected to the lower heat-melt drill bit (51), and is electrically connected to the second semiconductor refrigeration plate (57) in the refrigeration chamber; a force sensor is installed inside the second measurement and control system (41) for detecting the tension of the flexible cable (35), so as to determine whether the upper heat-melt drill bit (39) in the heat-melt detector (8) is in contact with the limit plate (27); the outer tube (40) and the upper cover (46) of the refrigeration chamber are coaxially fixed by a shear pin (45), and the shearing force of the shear pin (45) is less than the maximum breaking force of the flexible cable (35). ; 2. The deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: A stabilizing ring (28) is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the second outer tube (24), and the stabilizing ring (28) and the second outer tube (24) are arranged concentrically.

3. The deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The cable reel device comprises a reel motor (21), a reel (25), a screw motor (29), a screw (34), a cable arranging device (36), a first guide wheel (37) and a second guide wheel (38); the output shaft of the reel motor (21) is coaxially connected to the reel (25); the reel motor (21) is used to drive the reel (25) to rotate so as to collect or release the flexible cable (35); the output shaft of the screw motor (29) is coaxially connected to the screw (34); the screw motor (29) is used to drive the screw (34) to rotate; the cable arranging device (36) is threadedly matched with the screw (34); The cable guide (36) is driven by the rotation of the screw rod (34) to move up and down along the screw rod (34); the guide wheel group composed of the first guide wheel (37) and the second guide wheel (38) is used to guide the flexible cable (35); the flexible cable (35) is wound on the reel (25), one end of the flexible cable (35) is connected to the electric slip ring (33) and the second watertight joint (52) in sequence, and then electrically connected to the first measurement and control system (20), and the other end is connected to the thermal melt detector (8) after winding through the cable guide (36), the first guide wheel (37) and the second guide wheel (38) in sequence.

4. The deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device according to claim 3 is characterized by: An upper fixing plate (23) and a lower fixing plate (26) arranged up and down are fixedly disposed inside the second outer tube (24); both ends of the reel (25) and the screw rod (34) are respectively mounted on the upper fixing plate (23) and the lower fixing plate (26) via bearings; the output shaft of the reel motor (21) is mounted on the lower cover (22) of the pressure chamber via a first bearing (31); and a coupling (32) is connected between the screw rod (34) and the screw rod motor (29).

5. The deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The electric slip ring (33) is connected between the reel (25) and the reel motor (21).

6. The deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The number of the cameras (44) is two, and the two cameras (44) are arranged in opposite directions, respectively performing video observation of the subglacial lake from windows opened on both sides of the second outer tube (24).

7. A method for rapid cleaning sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes, characterized in that: The method is based on the deep buried polar subglacial lake rapid cleaning sampling and detection device described in any one of claims 1 to 6 for sampling and detection, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: melt the ice sheet on the subglacial lake by using a hot water drilling system to drill to form a borehole. When drilling reaches a predetermined position from the surface of the subglacial lake, the drilling is stopped and a hot water drilling tool (3) in the hot water drilling system is pulled out of the hole. Step 2: lowering the disinfected and sterilized relay cabin (7) and the heat-melt detector (8) to the bottom of the borehole through the armored cable (6), and activating the first semiconductor refrigeration plate (18) in the pressure cabin of the relay cabin (7) to cool the water in the borehole around the pressure cabin and refreeze it; Step 3: When the water around the pressure chamber is completely frozen, the cable drum device in the relay chamber (7) is started to release the flexible cable (35), and the lower heat-melt drill bit (51) of the heat-melt detector (8) is opened at the same time. The heat of the lower heat-melt drill bit (51) will continue to melt the ice layer below it to form a new borehole, until the ice cover above the subglacial lake is drilled through, so that the heat-melt detector (8) is completely inserted into the subglacial lake; Step 4: After the heat-melt detector (8) enters the subglacial lake, the water sampler (43) is turned on to collect water samples from the subglacial lake, and at the same time, the lake water physical and chemical parameter sensor (42) and the camera (44) are turned on to record the video and measure the physical and chemical parameters of the subglacial lake water; Step 5: After the water sampling and lake water observation are completed, the cable drum device in the relay cabin (7) is started to collect the flexible cable (35) and the heat-melt detector (8) is pulled into the relay cabin (7). Then, the second semiconductor refrigeration plate (57) in the freezing cabin of the heat-melt detector (8) is turned on to refreeze the water around the freezing cabin; and the heating ring (19) in the pressure cabin of the relay cabin (7) is turned on to melt the water around the pressure cabin and restore the freedom of the relay cabin (7); at this time, since the freezing cabin section has been frozen, the lake water under the ice and the borehole located on the upper part of the freezing cabin are in an isolated state; Step 6: The armored cable (6) is controlled by the armored cable winch (9) to pull the relay cabin (7) upward. When the pulling force of the armored cable (6) is greater than the strength of the shear pin (45) above the freezing cabin, the shear pin (45) breaks, and the relay cabin (7) and the part above the freezing cabin of the heat-melt detector (8) are lifted out of the hole, and the freezing cabin and the part below the freezing cabin of the heat-melt detector (8) are abandoned in the ice, continuing to isolate the water of the subglacial lake and the borehole located above the freezing cabin, until the water in the borehole located above the freezing cabin is completely frozen and the subglacial lake is re-sealed.

8. The method for rapid cleaning sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step 1, the predetermined position is 18m to 22m away from the surface of the subglacial lake.

9. The method for rapid cleaning sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, before reaching the bottom of the borehole, the tension of the armored cable (6) is equal to the sum of the weights of the relay cabin (7) and the heat-melt detector (8), the spring (11) is in a maximum compression state, and the value of the displacement sensor (12) does not change; after the heat-melt detector (8) contacts the bottom of the borehole, the tension on the armored cable (6) decreases, and the cable terminal (14) drives the displacement sensor (12) to move downward under the action of the spring (11), and the value of the displacement sensor (12) changes, thereby judging whether the heat-melt detector (8) has touched the bottom based on whether the value of the displacement sensor (12) has changed.

10. The method for rapid cleaning sampling and detection of deep polar subglacial lakes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step three, while the heat-melting detector (8) is drilling downward to melt the ice, the hot water drill tool (3) is used to move up and down in the upper hot water borehole, and the lowest injection position of the hot water drill tool (3) must be maintained at a distance of more than 10 m from the position of the relay cabin (7). The borehole located above the relay cabin (7) is kept from freezing by continuous hot water injection.

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