Multi-channel nozzle design and manufacturing method

Abstract

A method and apparatus for producing a gas distribution apparatus is described herein. More specifically, a method and apparatus for producing a three-channel gas distribution apparatus is described herein. The gas distribution apparatus described herein includes an upper plate, a middle plate, and a lower plate. Before the upper plate, the middle plate, and the lower plate are all joined, the middle plate and the lower plate are processed. Additional processing is then performed on the gas distribution apparatus. The gas distribution apparatus is used to distribute three or more process gases into a process chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for semiconductor processing. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of forming a multi-channel gas distributor apparatus and gas distributor apparatus designs enabled by the methods disclosed herein. Background Art

[0002] In the field of semiconductor processing, flat panel display processing, or other electronic component processing, vapor deposition processes play an important role in depositing materials on substrates. As the geometry of electronic components continues to shrink and the density of components continues to increase, the size and aspect ratio of features become more aggressive, for example, feature sizes of 0.07 μm and aspect ratios of 10 or more. Therefore, conformal deposition of materials to form these components becomes increasingly important.

[0003] In some methods of electronic component manufacturing, it is advantageous to use multiple separate but sequential deposition processes that use multiple reactive gases simultaneously. In some applications, it is desirable to expose a substrate to three or more reactive gases simultaneously or in close proximity. In order to appropriately distribute multiple gases simultaneously over a substrate, a gas distribution apparatus is utilized.

[0004] Gas distribution equipment, sometimes similar in shape and referred to as showerheads, distributes process gases in close proximity to substrates (also referred to as wafers). Gas distribution equipment, including showerheads, has a large volume that can be difficult to clean or purge between gases. Any gas remaining in the showerhead can react with subsequent process gases. In gas distribution equipment (including showerheads), separation of gases is important and relies on alternating gas pulses, e.g., A pulse, B pulse, C pulse, A pulse, C pulse, and B pulse type delivery. Therefore, there is a continuing need in the art for improved gas distribution equipment (including showerheads) that is easy to clean / purge and provides a uniform supply of gas to the substrate. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present disclosure generally relates to a method for manufacturing a gas distribution device. The method includes forming a lower plate by processing, the processing including: forming a plurality of first passages through a main body portion of the lower plate, and forming a plurality of second passages through the main body portion of the lower plate, wherein the lower plate has a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and both the plurality of first passages and the plurality of second passages extend from the top surface to the bottom surface. The method further includes forming a middle plate by processing, the processing including: forming one or more first lower channels on the bottom surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, wherein the bottom surface is opposite to the top surface of the middle plate, forming one or more second lower channels on the bottom surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, forming a first upper channel on the top surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, forming a second upper channel on the top surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, forming a plurality of first connecting passages between the first lower channel and the first upper channel, and forming a plurality of second connecting passages between the second lower channel and the second upper channel. The top surface of the lower plate is bonded to the bottom surface of the middle plate, and the top surface of the middle plate is bonded to the bottom surface of the upper plate to form a coupled gas distribution apparatus, wherein the bottom surface of the upper plate is opposite to the top surface of the upper plate. A plurality of main passages are formed through the coupled gas distribution apparatus, wherein the plurality of main passages extend from the top surface of the upper plate to the bottom surface of the lower plate.

[0006] The present disclosure further relates to a gas distribution device. The gas distribution device includes: a lower plate, which further includes a plurality of first passages and a plurality of second passages. The gas distribution device also includes: a middle plate coupled to the lower plate, the middle plate further including: a top surface, a bottom surface, one or more first lower channels disposed in the bottom surface, one or more second lower channels disposed in the bottom surface, a first upper channel disposed in the top surface, a second upper channel disposed in the top surface, a plurality of first connecting passages between the first lower channel and the first upper channel, and a plurality of second connecting passages between the second lower channel and the second upper channel. The upper plate is coupled to the middle plate. A plurality of main passages are disposed through each of the lower plate, the middle plate, and the upper plate.

[0007] The present disclosure includes another method for manufacturing a gas distribution device. The method includes: forming a plurality of main passages through a coupled gas distribution device, wherein the coupled gas distribution device includes: a lower plate coupled to a bottom surface of a middle plate and an upper plate coupled to a top surface of the middle plate, and the plurality of main passages extend through the upper plate, the middle plate, and the lower plate. The upper plate includes: a plurality of first passages extending through a main body portion of the lower plate; and a plurality of second passages extending through a main body portion of the lower plate. The middle plate includes: one or more first lower channels formed on the bottom surface of the middle plate, one or more second lower channels formed on the bottom surface of the middle plate, a first upper channel on the top surface of the middle plate, a second upper channel on the top surface of the middle plate, a plurality of first connecting passages between the first lower channel and the first upper channel, and a plurality of second connecting passages between the second lower channel and the second upper channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order that the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more specific description of the present disclosure briefly summarized above can be obtained by reference to the embodiments, some of which are depicted in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings only illustrate exemplary embodiments and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, and other equally effective embodiments may be allowed.

[0009] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary substrate processing chamber is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 A method of making a gas distributor apparatus is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of a gas distributor apparatus is shown before and after a first manufacturing operation.

[0012] Figure 4A A partial cross-sectional view of the gas distributor apparatus is shown after a second manufacturing operation.

[0013] Figure 4B A partial cross-sectional view of the gas distributor apparatus through a first plane is shown after a third manufacturing operation.

[0014] Figure 5A A top plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a first embodiment is shown.

[0015] Figure 5B A bottom plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a first embodiment is shown.

[0016] Fig. 6A A top plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a second embodiment is shown.

[0017] Figure 6B A bottom plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a second embodiment is shown.

[0018] Fig. 7A A top plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a third embodiment is shown.

[0019] Figure 7B A bottom plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a third embodiment is shown.

[0020] Fig. 8A A top plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a fourth embodiment is shown.

[0021] Figure 8B A bottom plan view of a mid-plate of a gas distributor device according to a fourth embodiment is shown.

[0022] Fig. 9 A plan view of the upper plate after the third manufacturing operation is shown.

[0023] Fig.10 A plan view of the lower plate after the third manufacturing operation is shown.

[0024] To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present disclosure generally relates to methods for semiconductor processing. Specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of forming a multi-channel gas distributor apparatus and gas distributor apparatus designs implemented by the methods disclosed herein. The described gas distribution apparatus may be referred to as a showerhead or a gas distribution plate, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the apparatus need not be shaped like a showerhead or a plate. The terms "showerhead" and "plate" should not be viewed as limiting the scope of the inventors.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a substrate processing chamber 100 is shown. The processing chamber 100 includes a chamber body 102, a chamber lid 108, a support assembly 104, and a gas distribution apparatus 150. The chamber body 102, the chamber lid 108, the support assembly 104, and the gas distribution apparatus 150 surround and define a processing volume 125.

[0027] The chamber body 102 is the exterior of the processing chamber 100 and includes the sidewalls and the bottom of the processing chamber 100. The support assembly 104 is disposed within the chamber body 102. The support assembly 104 includes a support portion 128 and a shaft 126. The shaft 126 is a vertical member at least partially disposed within the processing space 125. A portion of the shaft 126 may be disposed outside the processing space 125 and the chamber body 102. The support portion 128 is disposed on top of the shaft 126. The support portion 128 includes a substrate receiving surface 124 and an edge ring 106 disposed adjacent to the substrate receiving surface 124. The substrate receiving surface 124 is the top surface of the support portion 128. The bottom surface of the support portion 128 is coupled to the shaft 126. The controller 122 is connected to the support assembly 104 and controls the movement of the support assembly 104. In some embodiments, the support assembly 104 is motorized. The support assembly 104 moves vertically upward and downward, and rotates about a vertical axis disposed through the center of the shaft 126. The controller 122 supplies power and controls the support assembly 104 to move it.

[0028] The lid 108 is disposed on the top of the chamber body 102, and includes a gas distribution device 150, a gas chamber 112, and a gas inlet 114 disposed therein. The lid 108 supports the gas distribution device 150, and may surround at least a portion of an outer surface of the gas distribution device 150. The gas inlet 114 is disposed through the top of the lid 108, and transmits a first process gas from a first process gas source 116 to the gas chamber 112. The gas chamber is disposed between the gas distribution device 150 and a surface 109 of the lid 108. The gas chamber 112 is an open space formed above the gas distribution device 150, in which the first process gas is accumulated and distributed over the top surface of the gas distribution device 150. The first process gas is then distributed into the processing space 125 through the gas distribution device 150 via a first group of holes.

[0029] The showerhead further includes a second set of holes and a third set of holes. The second set of holes distributes a second process gas from a second process gas source 118 to a process space 125. The third set of holes distributes a third process gas from a third process gas source 120 to the process space 125. Each process gas from the first process gas source 116, the second process gas source 118, and the third process gas source 120 may include a different process gas. Three different process gases may be distributed into the process space 125 and deposited onto a substrate such as the substrate 110. Depending on the process utilized within the process chamber 100, the process gases may be distributed simultaneously or sequentially.

[0030] Figure 2 A method 1100 of manufacturing the gas distributor apparatus 150 is shown. The method 1100 includes a first manufacturing operation 1102 ( Figure 3 After the first manufacturing operation 1102, a second manufacturing operation 1104 is performed to combine the lower plate 220, the middle plate 250, and the upper plate 210 together. Figure 4A After the second manufacturing operation 1104, a third manufacturing operation 1106 of forming a plurality of main vias 350 is performed ( Figure 4B ). Figure 3 A partially exploded cross-sectional view of the gas distributor apparatus 150 is shown before and after a first manufacturing operation 1102. The gas distributor apparatus 150 includes an upper plate 210, a middle plate 250, and a lower plate 220. The upper plate 210 includes a top surface 212 and a bottom surface 214. The middle plate 250 includes a top surface 252 and a bottom surface 254. The lower plate 220 includes a top surface 222 and a bottom surface 224.

[0031] The first manufacturing operation 1102 is used to manufacture the lower plate 220, middle plate 250, and upper plate 210 portions of the gas distribution apparatus 150, and generally includes forming various channels and passages in the lower plate 220, middle plate 250, and upper plate 210, which will be described below in connection with Figure 3-Figure 10 In one embodiment, a first upper channel 256, a second upper channel 258, a plurality of first connecting passages 260, a plurality of second connecting passages 261, one or more first lower channels 262a, and one or more second lower channels 262b are formed in the middle plate 250. In addition, a plurality of first passages 226a and a plurality of second passages 226b are formed in the lower plate 220. The first manufacturing operation 1102 is performed after the initial formation of the lower plate 220, the middle plate 250, and the upper plate 210 is completed. Figure 3 , and illustrates the elements used to form the gas distribution device 150 .

[0032] In the initial stage (part of the first manufacturing operation 1102 for forming the complete gas distributor device 150), prefabricated plates are used as the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220. The prefabricated plates form the body or body portion of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220. The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are flat, so that the top surfaces 212, 252, 222 are flat and the bottom surfaces 214, 254, and 224 are flat. The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 have a diameter that is substantially greater than the thickness of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220. The diameter of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 is about 250 mm to about 550 mm, such as about 300 mm to about 450 mm, such as about 300 mm to about 425 mm. In some embodiments, the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 have only channels and passages formed through the central portion of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220. In some embodiments, the overall diameter of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 is in the range of about 350 mm to about 500 mm, such as about 350 mm to about 450 mm, and the outer diameter of the central portion of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 is less than a diameter of about 325 mm, such as about 280 mm to about 310 mm. The central portion of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 is defined as an area including a channel or passage formed therethrough. The thickness of the upper plate 210 is about 1 mm to about 15 mm, such as about 1 mm to about 10 mm, such as about 5 to about 10 mm, such as about 50 mm. In some embodiments, the upper plate 210 has a thickness of less than about 15 mm, such as less than 12 mm, such as less than 10 mm. The thickness of the middle plate 250 is about 8 mm to about 30 mm, such as about 10 mm to about 25 mm, such as about 10 mm to about 20 mm, such as about 10 mm. In some embodiments, the middle plate 250 has a thickness of less than about 20 mm, such as less than 15 mm, such as less than 10 mm. The thickness of the lower plate 220 is about 1 mm to about 15 mm, such as about 5 mm to about 10 mm, such as about 5 mm. In some embodiments, the lower plate 220 has a thickness of less than about 15 mm, such as less than 12 mm, such as less than 10 mm.

[0033] When the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are in the initial equipment stage 201, the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are solid plates. The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 can each be made of a metal, a dielectric, or a ceramic material. The metal, dielectric, or ceramic material constituting the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 includes aluminum, anodized aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon, yttrium oxide, or yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia. In some embodiments, the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are 6000 series aluminum, such as 6061 aluminum or 6063 aluminum. In some embodiments, the material of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 is the same. In yet other embodiments, the material of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 is different, such that the middle plate is made of a different material than either the upper plate 210 or the lower plate 220. Each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 is separate and not coupled together during the initial equipment phase 201. This allows each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 to perform processing operations separately and provides greater flexibility.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4A-4B During the first manufacturing operation 1102, the lower plate 220 is manufactured by forming a first passage 226a and a second passage 226b through the body of the lower plate 220. The first passage 226a and the second passage 226b can be formed by machining the initially formed lower plate 220. Machining the lower plate 220 includes drilling the first passage 226a and the second passage 226b in the lower plate 220.

[0035] A plurality of first passages 226a and a plurality of second passages 226b are formed vertically through the body of the lower plate 220 so that the plurality of first passages 226a and the plurality of second passages 226b are parallel to each other. A plurality of first passages 226a and a plurality of second passages 226b extend from the top surface 222 of the lower plate 220 to the bottom surface 224. The first passage 226a is arranged in the entire lower plate 220. The second passage 226b is arranged between the first passages 226a so that when the lower plate 220 extends radially outward, the first passage 226a and the second passage 226b are formed, for example, in an alternating pattern. The first passage 226a and the second passage 226b are evenly spaced apart from each other. The first passage 226a is aligned with the first lower passage 262a, and the second passage 226b is aligned with the second lower passage 262b.

[0036] During the first manufacturing operation 1102, the middle plate 250 is manufactured by forming the first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first lower channel 262a, and the second lower channel 262b. The first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first lower channel 262a, and the second lower channel 262b are formed by groove milling or slot milling.

[0037] The top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 is processed to form a first upper channel 256 and a second upper channel 258. Various configurations of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 are shown in FIG. Figure 3-8B 252 and described in detail below. The first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 can be any of the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258 described herein. The first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 are formed independently of each other and are formed on different portions of the top surface 252, so that the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 do not overlap or intersect. The first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 have a first gas input 211 and a second gas input 213 connected thereto, so that the first upper channel 256 is fluidly connected to the second process gas source 118 via the first gas input 211, and the second upper channel 258 is fluidly connected to the third process gas source 120 via the second gas input 213.

[0038] The bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 is processed to form a first lower channel 262a and a second lower channel 262b. The first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b can be any of the first lower channels 262a or the second lower channels 262b described herein. The second lower channel 262b is disposed between each first lower channel 262a, so that the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b are disposed in a desired pattern (e.g., an alternating pattern).

[0039] During the first manufacturing operation 1102, the first connecting passage 260 is formed after forming the first upper passage 256 and the first lower passage 262a. The first connecting passage 260 is processed between the first upper passage 256 and the first lower passage 262a by using a processing process such as a drilling process. The second connecting passage 261 is formed after forming the second upper passage 258 and the second lower passage 262b. The second connecting passage 261 is processed between the second upper passage 258 and the second lower passage 262b by drilling.

[0040] A plurality of first connecting passages 260 fluidly connect the first lower channel 262a and the first upper channel 256. The first connecting passage 260 is a vertical passage that connects the bottom surface of the first upper channel 256 to the top surface of the first lower channel 262a. In some embodiments, the first connecting passage 260 is a cylindrical passage formed by passing through the body of the middle plate 250. The diameter of the first connecting passage 260 is less than about 6 mm, for example, less than about 5 mm, so that the diameter of the first connecting passage 260 is about 1 mm to about 5 mm, for example, about 2 mm to about 4 mm. In some embodiments, the first connecting passage 260 is not cylindrical, but a slot-shaped, elliptical, or rectangular corner column, a pentagonal corner column, a hexagonal corner column, an octagonal corner column, or any suitable corner column shape. In some embodiments, the diameter of the first connection passage 260 may vary as it extends through the midplate 250 such that the diameter of the first connection passage 260 adjacent to the first lower channel 262 a is different than the diameter of the first connection passage 260 at the first upper channel 256 .

[0041] A plurality of second connecting passages 261 connect the second lower channel 262b and the second upper channel 258 fluid. The second connecting passage 261 is a vertical passage that connects the bottom surface of the second upper channel 258 to the top surface of the second lower channel 262b. In some embodiments, the second connecting passage 261 is a cylindrical passage formed by passing through the body of the middle plate 250. In some embodiments, the second connecting passage 261 is not cylindrical, but a slot-shaped, elliptical, or rectangular prism, a pentagonal prism, a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism, or any suitable prism shape. In some embodiments, as the second connecting passage 261 extends through the middle plate 250, the diameter of the first connecting passage 260 can vary, so that the diameter of the second connecting passage 261 adjacent to the second lower channel 262b is different from the diameter of the second connecting passage 261 at the second upper channel 258.

[0042] The first connecting passage 260 and the second connecting passage 261 are generally parallel to each other. In some embodiments, the first connecting passage 260 and the second connecting passage 261 are arranged in an alternating pattern (not shown).

[0043] In some embodiments, a cooling channel 251 is provided through the middle plate 250 of the gas distributor device 150. The cooling channel 251 may be wound around the outer diameter of the middle plate 250 and circulate a cooling fluid such as water therein. In some alternative embodiments, the cooling channel 251 is instead a heating element, such as a heating wire, and is used to heat the middle plate 250 of the gas distributor device 150. In other embodiments, both the cooling channel and the heating element are provided in the middle plate 250 of the gas distributor device 150.

[0044] During the first manufacturing operation 1102, a first gas input 211 and a second gas input 213 (shown in FIG. Fig. 9 ). The first gas input 211 fluidly connects the second process gas source 118 to the first upper channel 256. The second gas input 213 fluidly connects the third process gas source 120 to the second upper channel 258. The first gas input 211 and the second gas input 213 are vertically disposed through the upper plate 210. The first gas input 211 and the second gas input 213 are cylindrical holes formed through the upper plate 210.

[0045] A first gas input 211 and a second gas input 213 are formed along the exterior of the upper plate 210 such that the first gas input 211 is disposed at the same location as a portion of the arc 312 or the outer semicircular passage 314 such that the first gas input 211 intersects one of the arc 312 or the outer semicircular passage 314. A second gas input 2110 is disposed at the same location as a portion of the first crossstroke 302 or the second crossstroke 304 such that the second gas input 213 intersects one of the first crossstroke 302 or the second crossstroke 304. During subsequent operation, the first gas input 211 and the second gas input 213 are fluidly isolated from any main passage 350 formed through the upper plate 210.

[0046] After machining the first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first lower channel 262a, the second lower channel 262b, the first passage 226a, and the second passage 226b, the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are also deburred and cleaned. Deburring the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 includes manually removing the burrs using a simple mechanical process or using electromechanical deburring. Cleaning the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 includes soaking the plates in a chemical solution, rinsing the plates, polishing the plates, or a combination thereof. Cleaning the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 improves the wettability or brazeability of the plates during the second manufacturing operation 1104, and will also allow the components to be used in a vacuum environment after the gas distribution device 150 is fully formed.

[0047] Next, after completing the first manufacturing operation 1102, the second manufacturing operation 1104 is performed ( Figure 4A The second manufacturing operation 1104 includes positioning, aligning, and bonding the top surface 222 of the lower plate 220 to the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 , and bonding the bottom surface 214 of the upper plate 210 to the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 .

[0048] During the second manufacturing operation 1104, the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are positioned adjacent to each other so that the upper plate 210 is disposed above the middle plate 250 and the bottom surface 214 of the upper plate 210 is disposed on the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The lower plate 220 is disposed below the middle plate 250 so that the top surface 222 of the lower plate 220 is disposed on the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are aligned with each other so that the outer edges of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are aligned with each other. Each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 has the same central axis, which is disposed through the center of each of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220.

[0049] After being positioned adjacent to one another, the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are aligned with one another so that the first gas input 211 is aligned with a portion of the first upper channel 256 and the second gas input 213 is aligned with a portion of the second upper channel 258. Each first lower channel 262a formed in the middle plate 250 is aligned with one of the first passages 226a formed in the lower plate 220. Each second lower channel 262b formed in the middle plate 250 is aligned with one of the second passages 226b. The first gas input 211 and the second gas input 213 are used as reference points on the upper plate 210 to align the upper plate 210. The first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first lower channel 262a, and the second lower channel 262b are used as reference points in the middle plate 250 to align the middle plate 250. The first passage 226a and the second passage 226b are used as reference points in the lower plate 220 to align the lower plate 220.

[0050] The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are aligned so that during subsequent operations, such as drilling additional passages (e.g., the main passage 350), the drilled passage does not intersect any previously formed features within the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, or the lower plate 220. Thus, the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are aligned so that the main passage 350 will not intersect any of the first gas input 211, the second gas input 213, the first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first lower channel 262a, the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the second lower channel 262b, the first passage 226a, or the second passage 226b. In one embodiment, as Figure 4BAs shown, the main passage 350 includes a main passage opening (e.g., an opening area) defined by the surface of the main passage 350, which has a straight cylindrical shape as the main passage 350 extends from the top surface of the upper plate 210 to the bottom surface of the lower plate 220. In this configuration, the straight cylindrical shape of the main passage opening may include a circle, an ellipse, or an angular column extending along a line parallel to the first direction. In one embodiment, the first direction may be perpendicular to the top surface 212 of the upper plate 210 and / or perpendicular to the bottom surface 224 of the lower plate 220. The straight cylindrical shape of the main passage opening is straight and does not include any bends, recesses, depressions, or curvatures, which will improve the user's ability to clean the manufactured components before use, and also prevent the accumulation of particles entrained in the air flow flowing through the main passage 350 during normal component handling.

[0051] The top surface 222 of the lower plate 220 is bonded to the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250, and the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 is bonded to the bottom surface 214 of the upper plate 210, forming a coupled gas distribution apparatus. As described herein, one of the one or more first lower channels 262a of the middle plate 250 is positioned adjacent to the first passages 226a of the lower plate 220, wherein the first passage 226a is in fluid communication with at least one of the first lower channels 262a. Similarly, one of the one or more second lower channels 262b of the middle plate 250 is positioned adjacent to the second passages 226b of the lower plate 220, wherein the second passage 226b is in fluid communication with at least one of the second lower channels 262b. In embodiments where the first gas input 211 and the second gas input 213 are formed through the upper plate 210, the first gas input 211 is aligned with the first upper channel 256 and the second gas input 213 is aligned with the second upper channel 258. The first gas input 211, the first upper channel 256, the first connecting passage 260, the first lower channel 262a, and the first passage 226a form a first process gas flow path. The second gas input 213, the second upper channel 258, the second connecting passage 261, the second lower channel 262b, and the second passage 226b form a second process gas flow path. The first process gas flow path fluidly connects the second process gas source 118 to the process space 125, and the second process gas flow path fluidly connects the third process gas source 120 to the process space 125.

[0052] During the second manufacturing operation 1104, the bonding of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 may include brazing or diffusion bonding. Brazing is a joining process in which a filler metal flows into the space between the upper plate 210 and the middle plate 250 or between the lower plate 220 and the middle plate 250. The filler metal may be an aluminum, silver, nickel, or copper material. The filler metal material may additionally be a metal alloy, such as an aluminum or nickel-based alloy. In some embodiments, the brazing process is a vacuum brazing process to prevent oxidation and corrosion of the metal while also allowing for increased control of the melting temperature of the filler.

[0053] Diffusion bonding is a process for joining the upper plate 210 and the middle plate 250 or the lower plate 220 and the middle plate 250 by heating the plate assembly while the plates are in contact with each other. Molecules of the upper plate 210, the lower plate 220, and the middle plate 250 spread along the contact surfaces, so that the upper plate 210, the lower plate 220, and the middle plate are bonded to form the coupled gas distributor apparatus 700. In some embodiments, the diffusion bonding process is performed under vacuum to reduce oxidation and corrosion of the plates and to enhance control of the diffusion temperature of the plates.

[0054] After combining the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220, a third manufacturing operation 1106 is performed ( Figure 4B The third manufacturing operation 1106 includes forming the main passage 350 through the coupled gas distributor apparatus 700 ( Figure 4B and Figure 9-10 ). The main passage 350 is processed between the top surface 212 of the upper plate 210 and the bottom surface 224 of the lower plate 220 by drilling. The main passage 350 is processed between the first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first lower channel 262a, the second lower channel 262b, the first passage 226a, and the second passage 226b, and is therefore isolated from the fluid. The main passage 350 does not intersect or overlap with any of the first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first lower channel 262a, the second lower channel 262b, the first passage 226a, and the second passage 226b. The main passage 350 is formed in any suitable pattern, such as the pattern described herein. During the third manufacturing operation 1106 , the first passage 226 a and the second passage 226 b formed in the lower plate 220 may be capped or plugged to prevent contaminants and particles from entering the interior area of ​​the gas distribution apparatus 150 .

[0055] After the main passage 350 is formed, the gas distribution device is deburred and cleaned so that the main passage 350 becomes smooth and clean.

[0056] Figure 4AA partial cross-sectional view of the gas distributor apparatus 150 after a second manufacturing operation 1104 is shown. Figure 4A The gas distributor apparatus 150 shown in FIG. 1 is a coupled gas distributor apparatus 700. The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are coupled together to form a gas distributor apparatus, such as the gas distributor apparatus 150. The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are similar to Figure 3 The upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 are shown in the second equipment stage 202.

[0057] The bottom surface 214 of the upper plate 210 is coupled to the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 is coupled to the top surface 222 of the lower plate 220. Each first lower channel 262a is aligned with each first passage 226a so that the first lower channel 262a is fluidly connected to the first passage 226a. Each second lower channel 262b is aligned with each second passage 226b so that the second lower channel 262b is fluidly connected to the second passage 226b.

[0058] The upper plate 210 surrounds at least the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258. However, the upper plate 210 will generally surround all recessed features formed in the middle plate 250, such as the upper channels 256, 258, the arc 312, the outer semicircular passage 314, and other interconnecting portions. Prior to coupling the upper plate 210 to the middle plate 250, the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 may be described as grooves within the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The coupling of the upper plate 210 to the middle plate 250 provides top walls of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258. The upper plate 210 and the middle plate 250 together surround the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258, so that both the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 can be filled with a process gas without leakage between the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258. In some embodiments, the upper plate 210 may have similar grooves formed on the bottom surface 214 thereof that align with the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 .

[0059] The lower plate 220 surrounds the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b. Before the coupling of the middle plate 250 and the lower plate 220, the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b can be described as grooves in the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. The coupling of the upper plate 210 to the middle plate 250 provides the bottom wall of the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b. The lower plate 220 and the middle plate 250 together surround the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b, so that both the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262 can be filled with processing gas without leakage between the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b. In some embodiments, the lower plate 220 may have a similar groove formed on its top surface 222, which is aligned with the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262.

[0060] In some embodiments, the bottom surface 214 of the upper plate 210 is coupled to the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 by brazing or diffusion bonding. In some embodiments, the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 is also coupled to the top surface 222 of the lower plate 220 by brazing or diffusion bonding. Brazing is a joining process in which the middle plate 250 is joined to the upper plate 210 by allowing a filler metal to flow into the space between the upper plate 210 and the middle plate 250. Similarly, brazing joins the middle plate 250 and the lower plate 220 by allowing a filler metal to flow into the space between the middle plate 250 and the lower plate 220. The filler metal may be any of aluminum, copper, silver, nickel, or alloys of the metals described herein. In some embodiments, the filler material is an aluminum-silicon alloy having a melting temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature of the metals used to form the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220. When diffusion bonding is utilized, the upper plate 210 and the lower plate 220 are bonded to the middle plate 250 by heating the upper plate 210, the lower plate 220, and the middle plate 250 when they are in contact with each other. Molecules of the upper plate 210, the lower plate 220, and the middle plate 250 are spread along the contact surfaces, so that the upper plate 210, the lower plate 220, and the middle plate are bonded to form a coupled gas distributor device 700.

[0061] The use of all three of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 allows for increasingly complex upper and lower channel geometries while reducing the difficulty of forming the channels. All three of the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 can be combined simultaneously, so that only one alignment and bonding operation is utilized. At this stage of the manufacturing process, the bonding process that allows the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220 to be physically combined so that they form an inseparable assembly produces a partially formed bonded assembly that will require additional manufacturing operations described below to form the final gas distributor device 150.

[0062] The width of the first upper channel 256 and the width of the second upper channel 258 are about 2 mm to about 10 mm, such as about 3 mm to about 8 mm, such as about 4 mm to about 6 mm, such as about 5 mm. The width of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 regulates the pressure drop within the first and second upper channels 256, 258. The width of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 must be large enough so that the pressure drop does not exceed a threshold, while being small enough to allow for an appropriate channel density through the mid-plate 250. The depth 701 of the first upper channel 256 and the depth 701 of the second upper channel 258 are about 2 mm to about 10 mm, such as about 3 mm to about 8 mm, such as about 4 mm to about 6 mm, such as about 5 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 701 of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 is less than about 8 mm, such as less than about 6 mm, such as less than about 5 mm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the middle plate 250 to the depth 701 of the first upper channel 256 and the depth 701 of the second upper channel 258 is about 5:1 to about 2:1, such as about 4:1 to about 3:1.

[0063] The diameter 702 of the first connecting passage 260 and the diameter 702 of the second connecting passage 261 are about 1 mm to about 7 mm, such as about 2 mm to about 6 mm, such as about 3 mm to about 5 mm. The diameters of the first connecting passage 260 and the second connecting passage 261 regulate the pressure drop within the first connecting passage 260 and the second connecting passage 261. The diameters of the first connecting passage 260 and the second connecting passage 261 must be large enough to not allow the pressure drop to increase beyond a threshold value, which would cause a delay in the flow of the process gas, while the diameters must be small enough to allow for an appropriate passage density through the mid-plate 250. The length 703 of the first connecting passage 260 and the second connecting passage 261 is about 1 mm to about 5 mm, such as about 2 mm to about 4 mm, such as about 2 mm to about 3 mm. The ratio of the thickness of the mid-plate 250 to the length 703 of either the first connecting passage 260 or the second connecting passage 261 is about 15:1 to about 5:1, such as about 10:1 to about 6:1. The length 703 of the first connecting passage 260 and the second connecting passage 261 creates a back pressure to improve the distribution uniformity.

[0064] The width 704 of the first lower channel 262a and the width 704 of the second lower channel 262b are about 2 mm to about 10 mm, such as about 3 mm to about 8 mm, such as about 4 mm to about 6 mm. The width 704 of the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b can be the same as the width of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258. The width 704 is used to adjust the pressure drop in the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b while achieving an appropriate channel density through the middle plate 250. The depth 705 of the first lower channel 262a and the depth 705 of the second lower channel 262b are about 2 mm to about 10 mm, such as about 3 mm to about 8 mm, such as about 3 mm to about 5 mm, such as about 3 mm. In some embodiments, the depth of the lower channel is less than about 5 mm, such as less than about 3 mm.

[0065] The width 706 of the first passage 226a and the width 706 of the second passage 226b are about 0.1 mm to about 6 mm, such as about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, such as about 1 mm to about 5 mm, such as about 1 mm to about 3 mm. The length of the first passage 226a and the second passage 226b spans the entire thickness of the lower plate 220. In order to establish back pressure in the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b, the width 706 of the first passage 226a and the width 706 of the second passage 226b are limited. The back pressure helps to distribute the process gas throughout the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b, so that the process gas is more evenly distributed throughout the first passage 226a and the second passage 226b.

[0066] Figure 4B A partial cross-sectional view of the gas distributor apparatus 150 through a first plane is shown after the third manufacturing operation 1106. The first plane may be any one of the first planes 330, 430, 530, or 630. Figure 4B The gas distributor device 150 and Figure 4A The gas distributor apparatus shown is similar except that Figure 4B A main passage 350 has been formed and is shown passing through the upper plate 210 , the middle plate 250 and the lower plate 220 . Figure 4A is a view of the gas distributor device 150 from a second plane, such as the second plane 340, 440, 540, or 640. Even after the main passage 350 is formed, the second planes 340, 440, 540, and 640 will be similar to Figure 4A , because the main passage 350 does not intersect the first upper passage 256, the second upper passage 258, the first connecting passage, the second connecting passage, the first lower passage 262a, the second lower passage 262b, the first passage 226a, and the second passage 226b. Figure 4B The gas distributor device 150 further shows a plurality of main passages 350 .

[0067] The plurality of main passages 350 are holes that are arranged to pass through the entire thickness of the gas distributor device 150. The main passages 350 are arranged to pass through the upper plate 210, the middle plate 250, and the lower plate 220. The upper plate 210 includes a top portion 804 of the main passages 350. The middle plate 250 includes a middle portion 806 of the main passages 350. The lower plate 220 includes a bottom portion 808 of the main passages 350. Each of the top portion 804, the middle portion 806, and the bottom portion 808 is aligned to form a straight passage arranged to pass through the gas distributor device 150. The main passages 350 are oriented vertically and are parallel to each other. In the embodiment described herein, the main passages 350 are parallel to each of the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first passage 226a, and the second passage 226b. Each main passage 350 has a diameter 802 less than about 10 mm, such as about 1 mm to about 10 mm, such as about 2 mm to about 8 mm, such as about 3 mm to about 7 mm. The diameter 802 of the main passage 350 is larger than the diameter of any of the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first passage 226a, or the second passage 226b. The smaller diameter 802 of the main passage 350 compared to the diameter of the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first passage 226a, or the second passage 226b allows sufficient back pressure above the gas distributor device 150 to evenly distribute the process gas.

[0068] Midplane configuration example

[0069] Figures 5A-8B Various configurations of a midplate 250 that may be used to form a portion of the gas distributor apparatus 150 are shown. Figure 5A A top plan view of the mid-plate 250 of the gas distributor apparatus 150 according to the first embodiment is shown. Figure 5A 2 , the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 is shown. The top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 is a circular surface, and includes a first upper channel 256, a second upper channel 258, a first connecting passage 260, and a second connecting passage 261.

[0070] The first upper channel 256 is formed in an X-shape and includes two arcs 312 to allow for uniform distribution of gas to the first connecting passage 260 during use. In one embodiment, the two arcs 312 are quarter-circular channels and are attached at adjacent ends of the X-shape of the first upper channel 256. In the embodiments described herein, the first upper channel 256 includes a first portion 308, a second portion 309, a third portion 310, and a fourth portion 311. The first portion 308 and the second portion 309 are radially aligned with each other and extend radially outward in opposite directions from the center of the middle plate 250. The third portion 310 and the fourth portion 311 are radially aligned with each other and extend radially outward in opposite directions from the center of the middle plate 250. Each of the first portion 308, the second portion 309, the third portion 310, and the fourth portion 311 includes a plurality of first connecting passages 260 disposed therein.

[0071] The first portion 308 and the second portion 309 are disposed at an angle to the third portion 310 and the fourth portion 311. In the embodiment described herein, the first portion 308 and the second portion 309 are disposed at an angle of about 80 degrees to about 100 degrees relative to the third portion 310 and the fourth portion 311, such that the first portion 308 and the second portion 309 are disposed perpendicular to each other. None of the first portion 308, the second portion 309, the third portion 310, or the fourth portion 311 are in direct contact with each other, and none of the first portion 308, the second portion 309, the third portion 310, or the fourth portion 311 intersects the radial center of the midplate 250.

[0072] The first portion 308 and the fourth portion 311 are attached to opposite ends of the first of the two arcs 312. The distal outer end of each of the first portion 308 and the fourth portion 311 is connected to one of the two arcs 312. The second portion 309 and the third portion 310 are attached to opposite ends of the second of the two arcs 312. The distal outer end of each of the second portion 309 and the third portion 310 is connected to the second of the two arcs 312. Each arc 312 may be connected to an outer semicircular passage 314. The semicircular passage 314 is disposed radially outside the two arcs 312. The semicircular passage 314 is connected to each of the two arcs 312 through a radial connecting portion 316. The radial connecting portion 316 is a radially disposed passage formed between each of the two arcs 312 and the semicircular passage 314. A radial connection portion 316 connects to the center of each of the two arcs 312 and the distal end of the semicircular passage 314 to allow for uniform distribution of gas through the semicircular passage 314, through the arcs 312, and through each of the portions 308-311 and the first connection passage 260 during processing.

[0073] The second upper channel 258 is also formed in an X-shape, such that the second upper channel 358 includes a first cross-stroke 302 and a second cross-stroke 304. The first cross-stroke 302 and the second cross-stroke 304 are channels disposed approximately perpendicular to each other across the top surface 252 of the midplate 250, such that the first cross-stroke 302 and the second cross-stroke 304 intersect at an angle between about 80 degrees and about 100 degrees, such as about 85 degrees to about 95 degrees. The first cross-stroke 302 and the second cross-stroke 304 intersect at the radial center of the top surface 252 of the midplate 250. Each of the first cross-stroke 302 and the second cross-stroke 304 includes a plurality of second connecting passages 261 disposed therein, and each is isolated from each of the arcs 312 and the portions 308-311 by a wall.

[0074] The first plane 330 is a plane passing through the middle plate 250 that intersects a minimum amount of either the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258. The second plane 340 is a plane passing through the middle plate 250 that intersects a portion of the length of the first upper channel 256.

[0075] The middle plate 250 includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed through the middle plate 250. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258 but do not intersect the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258.

[0076] Figure 5B A bottom plan view of the middle plate 250 of the gas distributor apparatus 150 according to the first embodiment is shown. The bottom plan view shows the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 according to the first embodiment. The bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 includes a plurality of first lower channels 262a and a plurality of second lower channels 262b formed therein.

[0077] The first lower channel 262a includes a plurality of concentric rings disposed on the bottom surface 254. The second lower channel 262b also includes a plurality of concentric rings disposed on the bottom surface 254. In one embodiment, the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b are concentric with each other and patterned so that the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b are in an alternating pattern. Each first lower channel 262a includes one or more first connecting passages 260. Each second lower channel 262b includes one or more second connecting passages 261. Adjacent tangent points of the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b are parallel to each other in a first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250.

[0078] Radially outside the outermost ring of the first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b are two arcs 320 similar to the two arcs 312, but are disposed on the bottom surface 254. The two arcs 320 are connected to an outer semicircular passage 324. In one configuration, the semicircular passage 324 is disposed radially outside the two arcs 320. The semicircular passage 324 is connected to each of the two arcs 320 by a radial connection portion 322. The radial connection portion 322 is a radially disposed passage formed between each of the two arcs 320 and the semicircular passage 324. The radial connection portion 322 is connected to the center of each of the two arcs 320 and the distal end of the semicircular passage 324 to allow uniform distribution of gas passing therethrough. The two arcs 320, the semicircular passage 324, and the radial connection portion 322 on the bottom surface 254 are mirror images of the arcs 312, the semicircular passage 314, and the radial connection portion 316 on the top surface 242 of the midplate 250.

[0079] The middle plate 250 further includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed therethrough. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first lower passage 262a and the second lower passage 262b, but do not intersect the first lower passage 262a and the second lower passage 262b. A plurality of main passages 350 may be disposed between each loop of the first lower passage 262a and the second lower passage 262b.

[0080] Fig. 6A A top plan view of a middle plate 250 of a gas distributor device 150 according to a second embodiment is shown. The top plan view shows a top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 is a circular surface and includes a first upper channel 256, a second upper channel 258, a first connecting passage 260, and a second connecting passage 261.

[0081] The first upper channel 256 is a first offset radius portion 402. The first offset radius portion 402 is a straight portion that is slightly offset from the radius of the top surface 252 of the mid-plate 250. The first offset radius portion 402 extends a portion of the diameter of the top surface 252, such as less than half the diameter of the top surface 252. The first upper channel 256 includes a first connecting passage 260 disposed therein.

[0082] The second upper channel 258 is a second deviated radius portion 404. The second deviated radius portion 404 is a straight portion that is slightly offset from the radius of the top surface 252 of the mid-plate 250. The second deviated radius portion 404 extends a portion of the diameter of the top surface 252, for example, less than half the diameter of the top surface 252. The second upper channel 258 includes a second connecting passage 261 disposed therein. The second deviated radius portion 404 is parallel to the first deviated radius portion 402.

[0083] The first plane 430 is a plane passing through the mid-plate 250 that intersects a minimum amount of either the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258. The second plane 440 is a plane passing through the mid-plate 250 that intersects a portion of the length of the first upper channel 256, such that the second plane 440 passes through the length of the first offset radius portion 402.

[0084] The middle plate 250 includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed through the middle plate 250. The main passages extend from the top surface 252 to the bottom surface 254. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258 but do not intersect the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258.

[0085] Figure 6B A bottom plan view of the middle plate 250 of the gas distributor apparatus 150 according to the second embodiment is shown. The second embodiment shows the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. The bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 includes a first lower channel 262a and a second lower channel 262b formed therein.

[0086] The first lower channel 262a is a spiral shape, so that the first lower channel 262a spirals radially outward from the central part of the bottom surface 254. As the spiral radiates from the central position, the diameter of the first lower channel 262a increases continuously. The second lower channel 262b is also a spiral shape, so that the second lower channel 262b spirals radially outward from the central part of the bottom surface 254. As the spiral radiates from the central position, the diameter of the second lower channel 262b increases continuously. The first lower channel 262a and the second lower channel 262b spiral in opposite directions. In one embodiment, the first lower channel 262a radiates outward in a clockwise manner, and the second lower channel 262b radiates outward in a counterclockwise manner. On the contrary, in another embodiment, the first lower channel 262a radiates outward in a counterclockwise manner, and the second lower channel 262b radiates outward in a clockwise manner.

[0087] The first connecting passage 260 connects the first lower passage 262a and the first upper passage 256, so that the first connecting passage 260 provides a fluid delivery path from the first upper passage 256 to the first lower passage 262a. The second connecting passage 261 connects the second lower passage 262b and the second upper passage 258, so that the second connecting passage 261 provides a fluid delivery path from the second upper passage 258 to the second lower passage 262b.

[0088] The middle plate 250 includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed through the middle plate 250 and extending from the top surface 252 to the bottom surface 254. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first lower passage 262a or the second lower passage 262b, but do not intersect the first lower passage 262a or the second lower passage 262b. The main passages 350 are formed between each of the first lower passage 262a and the second lower passage 262b.

[0089] Fig. 7A A top plan view of a middle plate 250 of a gas distributor device 150 according to a third embodiment is shown. The top plan view shows a top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 is a circular surface and includes a first upper channel 256, a second upper channel 258, a first connecting passage 260, and a second connecting passage 261.

[0090] The first upper channel 256 includes an arc 502. The arc 502 of the first upper channel 256 is disposed on the exterior of the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The arc 502 is a small arc such that the arc 502 subtends an angle of a circle less than 180 degrees. The arc 502 subtends an angle of a circle of about 100 degrees to about 170 degrees, for example, about 110 degrees to about 160 degrees. The second upper channel 258 is similar to the first upper channel 256. The second upper channel 258 includes an arc 504. The arc 504 of the second upper channel 258 is disposed on the exterior of the top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The arc 504 is a small arc such that the arc 504 subtends an angle of a circle less than 180 degrees. The arc 504 subtends an angle of a circle of about 100 degrees to about 170 degrees, for example, about 110 degrees to about 160 degrees.

[0091] The first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 are disposed on opposite sides of the top surface 252 of the mid-plate 250 such that concave sides of each of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258 face each other. Each of the arcs 502 and the arcs 504 of the first upper channel 256 and the second upper channel 258, respectively, are centered about the same center point on the top surface 252.

[0092] The first upper channel 256 includes a plurality of first connecting passages 260 disposed therein. The first connecting passages 260 extend from the bottom of the first upper channel 256 and are spaced apart across the arc 502 of the first upper channel 256. The second upper channel 258 includes a plurality of second connecting passages 261 disposed therein. The second connecting passages 261 extend from the bottom of the second upper channel 258 and are spaced apart across the arc 504 of the second upper channel 258.

[0093] The middle plate 250 includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed through the middle plate 250. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258 but do not intersect the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258.

[0094] The first plane 530 is a plane passing through the middle plate 250 that intersects a minimum amount of either the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258. The second plane 540 is a plane passing through the middle plate 250 that intersects a portion of the length of the first upper channel 256, such that the second plane 540 passes through the length of the arc 502.

[0095] Figure 7B A bottom plan view of the middle plate 250 of the gas distributor apparatus 150 according to the third embodiment is shown. The third embodiment shows the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. The bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 includes a plurality of first lower channels 262a and a plurality of second lower channels 262b formed therein.

[0096] The first lower channel 262a is a partial chord across the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. The first lower channel 262a extends from the bottom of each first connecting passage 260 across the bottom surface 254 toward the second connecting passage 261. Figure 7B Each of the first lower channels 262a is parallel to each other.

[0097] The second lower channel 262b is a partial chord across the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. The second lower channel 262b extends from the bottom of each second connection passage 261 across the bottom surface 254 toward the first connection passage 260. Figure 7B Each of the second lower channels 262b is parallel to each other in a first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. Each of the second lower channels 262b is also parallel to Figure 7B Each first lower channel 262a.

[0098] The first lower channels 262a and the second lower channels 262b are staggered and formed in an alternating pattern such that a first lower channel 262a is formed between each adjacent pair of second lower channels 262b and a second lower channel 262b is formed between each adjacent pair of first lower channels 262a.

[0099] The middle plate 250 includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed through the middle plate 250. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first lower passage 262a or the second lower passage 262b, but do not intersect the first lower passage 262a or the second lower passage 262b. The main passages 350 are formed between each of the first lower passage 262a and the second lower passage 262b.

[0100] Fig. 8A A top plan view of a middle plate 250 of a gas distributor device 150 according to a fourth embodiment is shown. The top plan view shows a top surface 252 of the middle plate 250. The top surface 252 of the middle plate 250 is a circular surface and includes a first upper channel 256, a second upper channel 258, a first connecting passage 260, and a second connecting passage 261.

[0101] The first upper channel 256 is a first chord portion 602. The first chord portion 602 is a straight portion that is slightly offset from the center of the top surface 252 of the mid-plate 250. The first chord portion 602 extends over half of the diameter of the top surface 252, such that the first chord portion 602 has a length of about 70% to about 80% of the diameter of the top surface 252. The first upper channel 256 includes a first connecting passage 260 disposed therein.

[0102] The second upper channel 258 is a second chord portion 604. The second chord portion 604 is a straight portion that is slightly offset from the center of the top surface 252 of the mid-plate 250. The second chord portion 604 extends over half of the diameter of the top surface 252, such that the second chord portion 604 has a length of about 70% to about 80% of the diameter of the top surface 252. The second upper channel 258 includes a second connecting passage 261 disposed therein. The second chord portion 604 is parallel to the first chord portion 602.

[0103] The first plane 630 is a plane passing through the mid-plate 250 that intersects a minimum amount of either the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258. The second plane 640 is a plane passing through the mid-plate 250 that intersects a portion of the length of the first upper channel 256, such that the second plane 640 passes through the length of the first chord portion 602.

[0104] The middle plate 250 includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed through the middle plate 250. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258 but do not intersect the first upper channel 256 or the second upper channel 258.

[0105] Figure 8B A bottom plan view of the middle plate 250 of the gas distributor apparatus 150 according to the fourth embodiment is shown. The fourth embodiment shows the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. The bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250 includes a plurality of first lower channels 262a and a plurality of second lower channels 262b formed therein.

[0106] The first lower channel 262a is a partial chord across the bottom surface 254 of the mid-plate 250. The first lower channel 262a is disposed perpendicular to the first upper channel 256. The first lower channel 262a extends from the bottom of each first connecting passage 260 across the bottom surface 254 in either direction, such that the first lower channel 262a spans a majority of the width of the bottom surface 254, for example, about 70% to about 95% of the width of the bottom surface 254 at a corresponding location of each of the first lower channels 262a. Figure 8B Each of the first lower channels 262a is parallel to each other.

[0107] The second lower channel 262b is a partial chord across the bottom surface 254 of the mid-plate 250. The second lower channel 262b is disposed perpendicular to the second upper channel 258. The second lower channel 262b extends from the bottom of each second connecting passage 261 across the bottom surface 254 in either direction, so that the second lower channel 262b spans a majority of the width of the bottom surface 254, for example, about 70% to about 95% of the width of the bottom surface 254 at a corresponding position of each of the second lower channels 262b. Figure 8B Each of the second lower channels 262b is parallel to each other in a first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the bottom surface 254 of the middle plate 250. Each of the second lower channels 262b is also parallel to Figure 8B Each first lower channel 262a.

[0108] The first lower channels 262a and the second lower channels 262b are formed in a staggered and alternating pattern such that a first lower channel 262a is formed between each adjacent pair of second lower channels 262b, and a second lower channel 262b is formed between each adjacent pair of first lower channels 262a.

[0109] The middle plate 250 includes a plurality of main passages 350 formed through the middle plate 250. The main passages 350 extend through the middle plate 250 and are disposed around the first lower passage 262a or the second lower passage 262b, but do not intersect the first lower passage 262a or the second lower passage 262b. The main passages 350 are formed between each of the first lower passage 262a and the second lower passage 262b.

[0110] Top and bottom plate configuration examples

[0111] Fig. 9 A plan view of the upper plate 210 is shown after the third manufacturing operation 1106. Fig. 921. The top surface 212 of the upper plate 210 is shown in FIG. The upper plate 210 includes a top portion 804 of the main passage 350. The main passage 350 is distributed across the top surface 212 of the upper plate 210 and is distributed between the first upper channel 256, the second upper channel 258, the first connecting passage 260, the second connecting passage 261, the first lower channel 262a, the second lower channel 262b, the first passage 226a, and the second passage 226b.

[0112] Fig.10 A plan view of the lower plate 220 is shown after the third manufacturing operation 1106. Fig.10 The top surface 222 of the lower plate 220 is shown in FIG. The lower plate 220 includes a bottom portion 808 of the main passage 350, a plurality of first passages 226a, and a plurality of second passages 226b. The main passage 350 is disposed between the first passage 226a and the second passage 226b. Fig.10 In the embodiment of the present invention, the main passage 350, the first passage 226a, and the second passage 226b are arranged in concentric and alternating rings. Fig.10 The lower plate 220 is with Figure 5A-Figure 5B Schematic diagram of one embodiment of a suitable lower plate 220 for use with a middle plate 250.

[0113] The apparatus and method described herein allow for greater complexity of gas distribution passages through the gas distribution apparatus, such that the gas distribution apparatus can be used to uniformly and / or individually deliver three or more gases. By utilizing passages on both the top and bottom surfaces of the mid-plate, additional distribution features can be formed without the need for additional manufacturing and bonding operations. Bonding of the plates after the passages and pathways are formed additionally allows for the removal of any burrs or debris material within the formation by a simple cleaning operation before the bonding operation occurs. The method of manufacturing the gas distribution apparatus reduces manufacturing time and cost by utilizing only one bonding operation.

[0114] Some alternative embodiments of the present disclosure include forming a first upper channel 256 and a second upper channel 258 in the bottom surface 214 of the upper plate 210. Additionally, some embodiments may include additional upper channels, lower channels, and connecting passages to allow additional process gases to flow through the gas distribution apparatus.

[0115] While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope of the disclosure is to be determined by the claims that follow.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a gas distribution device, comprising: The lower plate is formed by a process comprising: forming a plurality of first passages through a main body portion of the lower plate; and forming a plurality of second passages through the body portion of the lower plate, wherein the lower plate has a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface, and both the plurality of first passages and the plurality of second passages extend from the top surface to the bottom surface; The mid-plate is formed by a process comprising: One or more first lower channels are formed on the bottom surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, each of the one or more first lower channels forming a concentric ring on the bottom surface of the middle plate, wherein The bottom surface is opposite to the top surface of the middle plate; forming one or more second lower channels on the bottom surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, each of the one or more second lower channels forming a concentric ring on the bottom surface of the middle plate; forming a first upper channel on the top surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, wherein the first upper channel forms two arcs on the top surface of the middle plate; forming a second upper channel on the top surface of the main body portion of the middle plate, the second upper channel forming two cross-travels perpendicular to each other across the top surface of the middle plate; forming a plurality of first connecting passages between the first lower passage and the first upper passage to fluidly connect the first lower passage and the first upper passage; and forming a plurality of second connecting passages between the second lower passage and the second upper passage to fluidically connect the second lower passage and the second upper passage; An upper plate is formed by a process, the upper plate having a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface, the process comprising: forming a first gas input and a second gas input along an exterior of the upper plate, the first gas input and the second gas input passing through the upper plate from the top surface to the bottom surface; bonding the top surface of the lower plate to the bottom surface of the middle plate, and bonding the top surface of the middle plate to the bottom surface of the upper plate to form a coupled gas distribution apparatus wherein the first gas input is aligned with the first upper channel and the second gas input is aligned with the second upper channel; and A plurality of main passages are formed through the coupled gas distribution apparatus, wherein the plurality of main passages extend from the top surface of the upper plate to the bottom surface of the lower plate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the main passage is offset from the first passage, the second passage, the first lower channel, the second lower channel, the first upper channel, the second upper channel, the first connecting passage, and the second connecting passage.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of bonding the top surface of the lower plate to the bottom surface of the middle plate and bonding the top surface of the middle plate to the bottom surface of the upper plate to form a coupled gas distribution device further includes aligning one of the one or more first lower channels of the middle plate with a first of the plurality of first passages of the lower plate, wherein the first plurality of first passages is fluidly connected to the one of the one or more first lower channels. 4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first lower channel and the second lower channel are parallel to each other in a first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the bottom surface.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first passage is aligned with one of the one or more first lower channels, and the second passage is aligned with one of the one or more second lower channels.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein The first passage, the first lower passage, the first upper passage, and the first connecting passage form a continuous first gas path, and The second passage, the second lower channel, the second upper channel, and the second connecting passage form a continuous second gas path.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: A main passage opening of the main passage defined by a surface of the main passage includes a rectilinear cylindrical shape as the main passage opening extends from the top surface of the upper plate to the bottom surface of the lower plate.

8. A gas distribution device comprising: A lower plate, the lower plate further comprising: a plurality of first pathways; and a plurality of second passages, wherein the lower plate has a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface, and the plurality of first passages and the plurality of second passages each extend from the top surface to the bottom surface; A middle plate coupled to the lower plate, the middle plate further comprising: top surface; bottom surface; one or more first lower channels disposed in the bottom surface, each of the one or more first lower channels forming a concentric ring on the bottom surface of the mid-plate; one or more second lower channels disposed in the bottom surface, each of the one or more second lower channels forming a concentric ring on the bottom surface of the mid-plate; a first upper channel disposed in the top surface, the first upper channel forming two arcs on the top surface of the middle plate; a second upper channel disposed in the top surface, the second upper channel forming two cross-travels perpendicular to each other across the top surface of the middle plate; a plurality of first connecting passages between the first lower passage and the first upper passage, the plurality of first connecting passages being used to fluidically connect the first lower passage and the first upper passage; and a plurality of second connecting passages between the second lower passage and the second upper passage, the plurality of second connecting passages being used to fluidically connect the second lower passage and the second upper passage; and an upper plate coupled to the middle plate, the upper plate comprising a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface, and comprising a first gas input and a second gas input passing through the upper plate along an exterior of the upper plate and from the top surface to the bottom surface; and A plurality of main passages are provided through each of the lower plate, the middle plate, and the upper plate.

9. The gas distribution apparatus of claim 8, wherein the main passage is offset from the first passage, the second passage, the first lower passage, the second lower passage, the first upper passage, the second upper passage, the first connecting passage, and the second connecting passage.

10. The gas distribution apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first passage is aligned with one of the one or more first lower passages, and the second passage is aligned with one of the one or more second lower passages.

11. The gas distribution apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first passage, the first lower channel, the first upper channel, and the first connecting passage form a continuous first gas path, and the second passage, the second lower channel, the second upper channel, and the second connecting passage form a continuous second gas path.

12. The gas distribution apparatus of claim 8, wherein the main passage extends from a top surface of the upper plate to a bottom surface of the lower plate.

13. The gas distribution apparatus of claim 12, wherein the main passage forms a continuous third gas path.

14. The gas distribution apparatus of claim 8, wherein the upper plate, the middle plate, and the lower plate are respectively made of at least one of aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, quartz, alumina, sapphire, or yttrium oxide.

15. The gas distribution apparatus of claim 8, wherein the middle plate is bonded to the lower plate and the upper plate is bonded to the middle plate by one of brazing or diffusion bonding.

16. A method of manufacturing a gas distribution apparatus, comprising: forming a plurality of main passages through a coupled gas distribution apparatus, wherein the coupled gas distribution apparatus comprises a lower plate bonded to a bottom surface of a middle plate and an upper plate bonded to a top surface of the middle plate, and the plurality of main passages extend through the upper plate, the middle plate, and the lower plate, The lower plate comprises: a plurality of first passages extending through a main body portion of the lower plate; and a plurality of second passages extending through the body portion of the lower plate, wherein the middle plate comprises: one or more first lower channels formed on the bottom surface of the middle plate, each of the one or more first lower channels forming a concentric ring on the bottom surface of the middle plate; one or more second lower channels formed on the bottom surface of the middle plate, each of the one or more second lower channels forming a concentric ring on the bottom surface of the middle plate; a first upper channel on the top surface of the middle plate, the first upper channel forming two arcs on the top surface of the middle plate; a second upper channel on the top surface of the middle plate, the second upper channel forming two cross-travels perpendicular to each other across the top surface of the middle plate; a plurality of first connecting passages between the first lower passage and the first upper passage, the plurality of first connecting passages being used to fluidically connect the first lower passage and the first upper passage; and a plurality of second connecting passages between the second lower channel and the second upper channel, the plurality of second connecting passages being used to fluidically connect the second lower channel and the second upper channel, and wherein the upper plate comprises a first gas input and a second gas input passing through the upper plate along the outside of the upper plate and from the top surface of the upper plate to the bottom surface of the upper plate. 17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the first lower channel and the second lower channel are parallel to each other in a first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the bottom surface.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first passage is aligned with one of the one or more first lower channels, and the second passage is aligned with one of the one or more second lower channels.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein The first passage, the first lower passage, the first upper passage, and the first connecting passage form a continuous first gas path, and The second passage, the second lower channel, the second upper channel, and the second connecting passage form a continuous second gas path.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein: As a main passage opening of the main passage defined by a surface of the main passage extends through the upper plate, the middle plate, and the lower plate, the main passage opening includes a rectilinear cylindrical shape.

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