A gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle and control method thereof

Abstract

In view of the safety defects of existing emergency power supply vehicles, the present invention provides a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle and its control method, aiming to solve the relevant technical problems in emergency power supply, temporary power replenishment and flexible power use scenarios to a certain extent. The system has the following characteristics: compact. Gas-solid composite hydrogen storage, PEM power + power generation, SiC multi-port converter, thermoelectric coupling design, the overall module is designed with a complete set of equipment thinking, with high volume density, suitable for mobile application deployment. High safety, no high-pressure hydrogen storage link, ultra-fast physical detection of hydrogen concentration and passive rapid protection, the maximum hydrogen pressure of the whole vehicle is below 3.5MPa, no need for annual inspection and maintenance as a high-pressure capacity, no high-pressure pump is required to improve energy storage efficiency. Disaster recovery type, the hydrogen storage capacity can run at full load for more than several hours, power supply, hydrogen supply, oxygen supply and other aspects to support disaster recovery capabilities, and the standby time can be adjusted according to the situation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a power and power generation integration technology for a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle, and in particular to a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Emergency power supply vehicles are mainly used in multifunctional energy storage and power supply scenarios, and have become an indispensable part of major occasions such as industrial enterprises, construction, disaster relief, hospitals, schools, communications, military industry, and conferences. Fuel cell emergency power supply vehicles use hydrogen and oxygen as raw materials to directly generate electricity through chemical reactions. The power generation process is clean and environmentally friendly, and is widely used. However, since the hydrogen storage module on the power supply vehicle requires a high-pressure bottle, there are major safety hazards, and its development has been greatly affected.

[0003] In the existing hydrogen energy emergency power supply vehicle technology, there is a "hydrogen energy-based emergency power supply vehicle and its power supply control method" disclosed in Chinese patent documents, with the announcement number: CN114221425A, which includes a mobile vehicle, which provides a mobile carrier for emergency power supply; a container power supply device, which is powered by hydrogen energy and is installed on the mobile vehicle as an emergency power supply to provide a first power supply to the load or charge the chassis power supply device; the chassis power supply device is provided with an energy storage battery inside, which is used to provide low-voltage electricity and a second power supply to the load and balance the power supply output of the container power supply device, and is connected in parallel with the container power supply device; an inverter is used to convert the first power supply power and the second power supply power into alternating current for use by the load, and is connected to the container power supply device and the chassis power supply device respectively; the present invention uses energy storage batteries to supply power at the same time, and balances the output power of the container power supply device, so that the power supply voltage output by the inverter is stabilized at 380V, so that the power supply of the overall emergency power supply vehicle is more stable, and the volatility of the single hydrogen energy power supply is reduced. The hydrogen emergency power supply vehicle applied for is used to ensure power supply for major occasions such as disaster relief and hospitals. Since it uses high-pressure hydrogen tanks as hydrogen storage equipment, its safety is low.

[0004] A "fuel cell powered emergency rescue vehicle and its control method" disclosed in Chinese patent literature, with announcement number: CN114834287A, includes a vehicle driving system and a power generation and power supply system, the vehicle driving system includes a vehicle speed regulation module and a power battery module; the power generation and power supply system includes a fuel cell module, an external charging module and a three-phase power supply module; the power supply and charging vehicle is also provided with a switch control module, and the vehicle speed regulation module, the power battery module, the fuel cell module, the external charging module and the three-phase power supply module are all electrically connected to the switch control module; a power supply and charging vehicle control method includes a driving mode, a charging mode and a power supply mode. The present invention makes driving and power supply and charging independent, saves electric energy and improves the system power supply and charging stability. The present invention can maximize the use of the technical advantages of energy storage batteries and fuel cells to work together and improve the service life of the system, but there are also safety issues caused by high-pressure gas tank hydrogen storage. In addition, the fuel cell system and the waste heat recycling of the electric vehicle drive system cannot be realized. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the safety defects of existing emergency power supply vehicles, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle and its control method, aiming to solve the relevant technical problems in emergency power supply, temporary power replenishment and flexible power use scenarios to a certain extent. The system has the following characteristics: compact. Gas-solid composite hydrogen storage, PEM power + power generation, SiC multi-port converter, thermoelectric coupling design, the overall module is designed with a complete set of equipment thinking, with high volume density, suitable for mobile application deployment. High safety. There is no high-pressure hydrogen storage link, ultra-fast physical detection of hydrogen concentration and passive rapid protection. The maximum hydrogen pressure of the whole vehicle is below 3.5MPa. It does not need to be inspected and maintained as a high-pressure capacity. No high-pressure pump is required to improve the energy storage efficiency. Disaster recovery. The hydrogen storage capacity can run at full load for more than several hours, and the power supply, hydrogen supply, and oxygen supply support the disaster recovery capability in many aspects, and the standby time can be adjusted according to the situation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle, comprising a vehicle driving system (①), a battery system (②), a hydrogen fuel cell system (③) and an emergency power supply system (④);

[0008] The vehicle driving system (①) includes the electric vehicle speed control system, the electric vehicle energy controller and the vehicle auxiliary system; the electric vehicle speed control system is used to control the starting, acceleration and braking of the vehicle, the electric vehicle energy controller is used to control the energy distribution of the battery system and the hydrogen fuel cell system when the vehicle is running, and the vehicle auxiliary system is used to realize the power steering, on-board information display, air conditioning, lighting, defrosting and wiper functions of the electric vehicle;

[0009] The battery system (②) includes a battery module and a battery energy management module; the battery energy management module is connected to the battery module; the output of the battery system is connected to the first DC bus (DCBUS1);

[0010] The hydrogen fuel cell system (③) includes a hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell stack, a DC / DC converter, a heat exchanger and a fuel cell controller; the hydrogen storage module includes two modes: gaseous hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage; the fuel cell stack is used to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy; the DC / DC converter is used to boost the fuel cell voltage to the rated voltage required by the vehicle motor, and the output side of the DC / DC converter is connected to the second DC bus (DCBUS2); the heat exchanger is used to realize the charging and discharging and heat recycling of solid hydrogen storage; the fuel cell controller is used to control the switching between the solid hydrogen storage tank and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen release rate;

[0011] The DC bus includes a first DC bus (DCBUS1) and a second DC bus (DCBUS2);

[0012] The emergency power supply system (④) includes a DC / AC inverter, an emergency power grid, a fast DC charging port and an emergency power controller; the DC / AC inverter is used to invert the DC bus voltage into AC power for supplying the emergency power grid; the fast DC charging port is used for the DC bus to directly charge the DC load quickly; the emergency power controller is used to control the voltage, current and power emitted by the DC bus to the emergency power grid.

[0013] Specifically, a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle includes ① a vehicle driving system, ② a battery system, ③ a hydrogen fuel cell system, and ④ an emergency power supply system.

[0014] The vehicle driving system includes the tram speed control system, the tram energy controller, and the vehicle auxiliary system; the tram speed control system is used to control the starting, acceleration and braking of the vehicle, the tram energy controller is used to control the energy distribution of the battery and fuel cell when the vehicle is running, and the vehicle auxiliary system is used to realize the tram's power steering, on-board information display, air conditioning, lighting, defrosting, wipers and other functions.

[0015] The battery system includes a battery module and a battery energy management module. The battery system is mainly used for energy supply that requires rapid response, including electric vehicle starting, vehicle auxiliary system, electric vehicle energy controller, fuel cell controller, and emergency power supply controller. The output of the battery system is connected to the DC bus DCBUS1. Batteries include but are not limited to lithium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lead-acid batteries.

[0016] The hydrogen fuel cell system includes a hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell stack, a DC / DC converter, a heat exchanger, and a fuel cell controller. The hydrogen storage module includes two types of hydrogen storage: gaseous hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage; the fuel cell stack is used to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy; the DC / DC converter is used to boost the fuel cell voltage to the rated voltage required by the vehicle motor, and the output side of the DC / DC converter is connected to the DC bus DCBUS2; the heat exchanger is used to realize the charging and discharging of solid hydrogen storage and thermal recycling; the fuel cell controller is used to control the switching between the solid hydrogen storage tank and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen release rate.

[0017] The emergency power supply system includes a DC / AC inverter, an emergency power grid, a fast DC charging port, and an emergency power controller. The DC / AC inverter is used to invert the DC bus voltage into AC power for the emergency power grid; the fast DC charging port is used for the DC bus to directly charge the DC load quickly; the emergency power controller is used to control the voltage, current, and power sent by the DC bus to the emergency power grid.

[0018] In the above four systems, each system is equipped with a switch control unit, and the energy is controlled by its own controller. The switch control unit of the emergency power supply vehicle includes switch K1, switch K2, switch K3, switch K4, switch K5, switch K6, switch K7, and switch K8. Figure 1 As shown, the switch control structure in the embodiment of the present invention is described. Switch K1 connects the motor driver and the DC bus DCBUS2 output by the fuel cell system, and can control the circuit on and off between the tram speed control system and the DC bus DCBUS2; switch K2 connects the motor driver and the DC bus DCBUS1 output by the battery, and can control the circuit on and off between the tram speed control system and the DC bus DCBUS1; switch K3 connects the battery module and the DC bus DCBUS2, and can control the circuit on and off between the battery module and the DC bus DCBUS2, thereby controlling whether the fuel cell charges the battery; switch K4 connects the heat exchanger of the fuel cell system and the DC bus DCBUS2, and controls the heat exchanger The switch K5 connects the heat exchanger of the fuel cell system with the DC bus DCBUS1 to control the circuit connection between the heat exchanger and the DC bus DCBUS1; the switch K6 connects the solid hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell system with the fuel cell stack to control the gas connection between the fuel cell stack and the solid hydrogen storage tank; the switch K7 connects the gaseous hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell system with the fuel cell stack to control the gas connection between the fuel cell stack and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank; the switch K8 connects the DC / AC inverter of the emergency power supply with the DC bus DCBUS2 to control the connection between the DC bus DCBUS2 and the emergency power supply system.

[0019] The present invention also provides a control method for the above-mentioned gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle, wherein the gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle is in a driving mode, and the control method comprises the following steps:

[0020] In this driving mode, external charging and power supply are prohibited, the eighth switch (K8) remains disconnected, the battery module first supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system, each controller module, the heat exchanger and the vehicle auxiliary system, and the fuel cell system is in the startup stage until the DC / DC converter outputs stably; during normal driving, the fuel cell module supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system, and the battery module supplies power to each controller module and the vehicle auxiliary system;

[0021] During startup, the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system need time to establish a stable second DC bus (DCBUS2) voltage output; the second switch (K2), the fifth switch (K5) and the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit are closed, and the first switch (K1), the third switch (K3), the fourth switch (K4), the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit and the eighth switch (K8) are disconnected; the battery module is independently powered, the motor driver is adjusted, the transmission is adjusted, and the vehicle is started; the battery module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger, thereby controlling the solid-state hydrogen storage module to start releasing hydrogen until the pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold; the seventh switch (K7) is closed, and the gaseous hydrogen storage module starts to supply power to the fuel cell stack until the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches a switching threshold;

[0022] The output voltage of the DC / DC converter must reach the threshold value before the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank; when the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the threshold value, the first switch (K1) is closed, the second switch (K2) is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system; the fourth switch (K4) is closed, the fifth switch (K5) is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger module; the seventh switch (K7) remains closed, the third switch (K3) and the eighth switch (K8) are opened, and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is opened;

[0023] When the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold value, the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is closed, the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit is opened, the first switch (K1) and the fourth switch (K4) remain closed, and the second switch (K2), the fifth switch (K5) and the eighth switch (K8) remain opened; whether the third switch (K3) is opened is determined by the state of charge SOC of the battery;

[0024] In a driving mode in which the first switch (K1) and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit are closed, if the SOC of the battery is lower than a set threshold, the third switch (K3) is closed, and the load connected to the battery module is transferred to the second DC bus (DCBUS2) and powered by the fuel cell. At the same time, the fuel cell charges the battery.

[0025] The present invention also provides a control method for the gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle as described above, wherein the gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle is in an emergency power supply mode, and the control method comprises the following steps: in the emergency power supply mode, the vehicle is stationary, the battery module and the fuel cell module are prohibited from supplying power to the tram speed control system, the first switch (K1) is turned off, and the second switch (K2) is turned off;

[0026] The solid-state hydrogen storage module and the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system need time to establish a stable second DC bus (DC BUS2) voltage output; when in the emergency power supply mode, the fifth switch (K5) and the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit are closed, and the first switch (K1), the second switch (K2), the fourth switch (K4), the eighth switch (K8) and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit are disconnected; the battery module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger, thereby controlling the solid-state hydrogen storage module to start releasing hydrogen until the pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold; the seventh switch (K7) is closed, and the gaseous hydrogen storage module starts to supply power to the fuel cell stack until the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches a switching threshold;

[0027] When the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the threshold value, the eighth switch (K8) is closed, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the emergency power supply system; the fourth switch (K4) is closed, the fifth switch (K5) is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger module; the seventh switch (K7) remains closed, the third switch (K3) is opened, and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is opened;

[0028] When the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold value, the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is closed, the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit is opened, the fourth switch (K4) and the eighth switch (K8) remain closed, and the first switch (K1), the second switch (K2), the third switch (K3) and the fifth switch (K5) remain opened;

[0029] When operating in the emergency power supply mode, if the SOC of the battery is lower than the set threshold, the third switch (K3) is closed, and the load connected to the battery module is transferred to the second DC bus (DCBUS2) and powered by the fuel cell. At the same time, the fuel cell charges the battery.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] 1) Hybrid power of batteries and fuel cells ensures that the tram has a high dynamic response capability, while reducing the number of times the battery is charged and the required battery capacity. When the tram changes from parking mode to starting mode, the battery supplies power to the tram speed control system; after the vehicle is started, the fuel cell is switched to supply power to the tram speed control system, and it is in normal driving mode. Charging of the emergency power supply is prohibited during driving; when the tram speed control system is powered off, the external emergency power supply system is controlled to be powered on, so that the emergency power supply vehicle is allowed to charge internally or externally while it is parked; the power size of the emergency power supply is achieved by adjusting the DC / DC converter and DC / AC inverter. This control method ensures that the main power of the vehicle in driving mode comes from the fuel cell, and the battery is mainly responsible for supplying power when the tram is started, and continuously supplies power to the tram auxiliary system, ensuring that the tram has a high dynamic response while reducing the required battery capacity.

[0032] 2) The fuel cell hydrogen storage module adopts gas-solid composite hydrogen storage, and utilizes the fast release speed of gaseous hydrogen storage to improve the dynamic response capability of the fuel cell when starting. After starting, the hydrogen required by the fuel cell is supplied by solid-state hydrogen storage, which reduces the volume and pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank, thereby eliminating the safety hazards of fuel cell vehicles. Solid-state hydrogen storage has the characteristics of high hydrogen storage density, low hydrogen filling pressure and hydrogen supply pressure. Specific solid-state hydrogen storage methods such as titanium alloy hydrogen storage can greatly reduce the pressure and space occupied by the hydrogen storage tank, reduce the volume, and improve safety. However, the filling and discharge of hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank requires a heat exchange process, and heat absorption is required when supplying hydrogen, and the dynamic response capability is poor. Therefore, a mixed gaseous hydrogen storage tank is required to supply fast and stable hydrogen when the fuel cell is started. Compared with the traditional solution, due to the existence of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, the gaseous hydrogen storage module only supplies hydrogen when the fuel cell is started, and does not require a large capacity and pressure.

[0033] 3) The heat exchanger in the present invention can realize the waste heat utilization of the vehicle and the thermal cycle of the fuel cell. When the vehicle is in driving mode, the motor will generate heat; when the fuel cell is supplying power, the DC / DC converter will generate heat; the solid-state hydrogen storage tank needs to absorb heat when supplying hydrogen; the heat generated by the motor and the DC / DC converter during operation will be provided to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank through the medium in the heat exchanger, thereby reducing the energy demand of the heating module in the heat exchanger and improving the utilization rate. In addition, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank will also release heat when filling with hydrogen, and providing a heat exchanger can realize the thermal cycle of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0034] 4) The main sources of electricity for the tram speed control system, heat exchanger, and emergency power supply in the emergency power supply vehicle of the present invention are all fuel cells. The role of the battery is to temporarily supply power to the tram speed control system and heat exchanger during the startup of the fuel cell in order to ensure rapid dynamic response capabilities. The vehicle's entire auxiliary system, including the tram's power steering, on-board information display, air conditioning, lighting, defrosting, wipers, etc., needs to ensure normal operation when the vehicle is not traveling, and needs to be continuously powered by batteries. In addition, the controllers of the entire vehicle, including the tram energy controller, fuel cell controller, and emergency power supply controller, also require higher dynamic response capabilities and uninterrupted power supply, and are also directly connected to the battery module. Only when the battery's state of charge SOC is lower than the threshold value, will the load connected to the battery be switched to the fuel cell bus, and the fuel cell will charge the battery. This process is achieved by controlling switch K3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a controller of a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A control flow chart of a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle of the present invention;

[0038] In the figure, ①- vehicle driving system, ②- battery system, ③- hydrogen fuel cell system, ④- emergency power supply system;

[0039] DCBUS1-first DC bus, DCBUS2-second DC bus, K1-first switch, K2-second switch, K3-third switch, K4-fourth switch, K5-fifth switch, K6-sixth switch, K7-seventh switch, K8-eighth switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are limited to explaining the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should include the entire contents of the claims, and through the description of the following embodiments, those skilled in the art can fully implement the entire contents of the claims of the present invention.

[0041] See also Figure 1 As shown, the connection of each module in the embodiment of the present invention is described. A gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes vehicle driving system ①, battery system ②, hydrogen fuel cell system ③, and emergency power supply system ④.

[0042] The vehicle driving system① includes the tram speed control system, the tram energy controller, and the vehicle auxiliary system; the tram speed control system is used to control the starting, acceleration and braking of the vehicle, the tram energy controller is used to control the energy distribution of the battery and fuel cell when the vehicle is running, and the vehicle auxiliary system is used to realize the tram's power steering, on-board information display, air conditioning, lighting, defrosting, wipers and other functions.

[0043] The DC bus includes a first DC bus DCBUS1 and a second DC bus DCBUS2.

[0044] The electric vehicle speed control system includes a motor driver, a motor and a transmission which are electrically connected in sequence; the transmission is respectively connected to the motor and the wheel assembly drive bridge, and the motor driver controls the working state of the motor; one end of the motor driver is sequentially connected to the second switch K2 and the first DC bus DCBUS1, and the other end of the motor driver is sequentially connected to the first switch K1 and the second DC bus DCBUS2. The electric vehicle energy controller is respectively connected to the first switch K1 and the second switch K2. The electric vehicle energy controller determines whether the electric vehicle is powered by a battery or a fuel cell by controlling the first switch K1 and the second switch K2. The on-board information display module, the air conditioning and lighting module, the defrost and wiper module and the power steering system are respectively connected to the vehicle auxiliary system. The vehicle auxiliary system is connected to the first DC bus DCBUS1.

[0045] The battery system ② includes a battery module and a battery energy management module. The battery module is directly connected to the first DC bus DC BUS1 to supply power to the power load on the first DC bus DCBUS1; the load connected to the first DC bus DCBUS1 includes the motor driver connected through the second switch K2, the vehicle auxiliary system, and the heat exchanger connected through the fifth K5; the battery module is connected to the second DC bus DCBUS2 through the third switch K3; the battery energy manager charges the battery by controlling the third switch K3. The battery system is mainly used for energy supply that requires rapid response, including electric vehicle starting, vehicle auxiliary system, electric vehicle energy controller, fuel cell controller, and emergency power supply controller. Batteries include but are not limited to lithium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lead-acid batteries.

[0046] The hydrogen fuel cell system ③ includes a hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell stack, a DC / DC converter, a heat exchanger and a fuel cell controller. The DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack; the output of the DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the second DC bus DCBUS2; three loads are connected to the second DC bus DCBUS2, namely, a motor driver connected through the first switch K1, a heat exchanger connected through the fourth switch K4, and an emergency power supply system connected through the eighth switch K8. The hydrogen storage module includes a gaseous hydrogen storage tank and a solid hydrogen storage tank, which can realize solid-state hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage. The fuel cell stack is connected to the solid hydrogen storage tank through the sixth switch K6; the fuel cell stack is connected to the gaseous hydrogen storage tank through the seventh switch K7. The fuel cell stack is used to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy; the DC / DC converter is used to boost the fuel cell voltage to the rated voltage required by the vehicle motor. The heat exchanger is used to realize the charging and discharging and thermal recycling of solid-state hydrogen storage; the fuel cell controller is used to control the switching between the solid hydrogen storage tank and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen release rate. The gaseous hydrogen storage tank is connected to the seventh switch K7, the fuel cell stack, the DC / DC converter and the second DC bus DCBUS2 in sequence. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the sixth switch K6, the fuel cell stack, the DC / DC converter and the second DC bus DCBUS2 in sequence. One end of the heat exchanger is connected to the fourth switch K4 and the second DC bus DCBUS2 in sequence, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the fifth switch K5 and the first DC bus DCBUS1 in sequence. The fuel cell controller is connected to the fourth switch K4, the fifth switch K5, the sixth switch K6 and the seventh switch K7 respectively. The waste heat generated by the motor and the waste heat generated by the DC / DC converter are recycled by the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank form a heat recycling unit. For example, the waste heat generated by the motor is taken away by the cooling water of the motor, and the cooling water of the motor is discharged from the motor cooling water outlet. The waste heat generated by the DC / DC converter is taken away by the cooling water of the DC / DC converter, and the cooling water of the DC / DC converter is discharged from the DC / DC converter cooling water outlet. The pipeline of the motor cooling water outlet and the pipeline of the DC / DC converter cooling water outlet are combined and connected to the hot water inlet of the heat exchanger. The cold water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling inlet of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling outlet of the solid hydrogen storage tank is returned and connected to the cold water inlet of the heat exchanger.

[0047] The emergency power supply system ④ includes a DC / AC inverter, an emergency power grid, a fast DC charging port and an emergency power controller. The DC side of the DC / AC inverter is connected to the second DC bus DCBUS2 through the eighth switch K8, and the AC side of the DC / AC inverter is connected to the emergency power grid; the fast DC charging port is connected to the second DC bus DCBUS2 through the eighth switch K8; the emergency power controller controls whether to supply power to the emergency power grid by controlling the on and off of the eighth switch K8. The DC / AC inverter is used to invert the DC bus voltage into AC power for the emergency power grid; the fast DC charging port is used for the DC bus to directly charge the DC load quickly; the emergency power controller is used to control the voltage, current and power emitted by the DC bus to the emergency power grid. The emergency power grid is connected to the DC / AC inverter, the eighth switch K8 and the second DC bus DCBUS2 in sequence. The fast DC charging port is connected to the eighth switch K8 and the second DC bus DCBUS2 in sequence. The emergency power controller is connected to the eighth switch K8.

[0048] The vehicle driving system, battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system, and emergency power supply system are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and different parameter configurations and combinations can be performed as needed; the tram speed control module and the battery module are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and different parameter configurations and combinations can be performed as needed; the hydrogen fuel cell module and the emergency power supply module are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and different parameter configurations and combinations can be performed as needed; the hydrogen fuel cell module, the solid hydrogen storage module, and the gaseous hydrogen storage module are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and different parameter configurations and combinations can be performed as needed; the emergency power supply vehicle in this application has a highly modular design feature and can be flexibly adapted to the use requirements of different regions and different purposes. In the above-mentioned four systems consisting of the vehicle driving system, battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system, and emergency power supply system, each system is equipped with a switch control unit, and the energy control is realized by its own controller. The switch control unit of the emergency power supply vehicle includes a first switch K1, a second switch K2, a third switch K3, a fourth switch K4, a fifth switch K5, a sixth switch K6, a seventh switch K7, and an eighth switch K8. See. Figure 1As shown, the switch control structure in the embodiment of the present invention is described. The first switch K1 connects the motor driver and the second DC bus DC BUS2 output by the fuel cell system, and can control the circuit on and off between the tram speed control system and the second DC bus DCBUS2; the second switch K2 connects the motor driver and the first DC bus DCBUS1 output by the battery module, and can control the circuit on and off between the tram speed control system and the first DC bus DCBUS1; the third switch K3 connects the battery module and the second DC bus DCBUS2, and can control the circuit on and off between the battery module and the second DC bus DCBUS2, thereby controlling whether the fuel cell charges the battery; the fourth switch K4 connects the heat exchanger of the fuel cell system and the second DC bus DCBUS2, and controls the heat exchanger and the second DC bus DCBUS 2; the fifth switch K5 connects the heat exchanger of the fuel cell system with the first DC bus DCBUS1, and controls the circuit connection between the heat exchanger and the first DC bus DCBUS1; the sixth switch K6 connects the solid-state hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell system with the fuel cell stack, and controls the gas circuit connection between the fuel cell stack and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; the seventh switch K7 connects the gaseous hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell system with the fuel cell stack, and controls the gas circuit connection between the fuel cell stack and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank; the eighth switch K8 connects the DC / AC inverter of the emergency power supply with the second DC bus DCBUS2, and controls the connection between the second DC bus DCBUS2 and the emergency power supply system.

[0049] The first switch K1, the second switch K2, the third switch K3, the fourth switch K4, the fifth switch K5 and the eighth switch K8 can be electromagnetic relays, and the sixth switch K6 and the seventh switch K7 can be controllable valves. Each switch is connected to the controller of each system through a control signal line.

[0050] Figure 2 Three controllers that require batteries to provide power are given, including a tram energy controller, a fuel cell controller, and an emergency power supply controller. The tram energy controller is used to realize the start, acceleration, and braking control of the tram, and controls the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 to realize the switching of the battery and the fuel cell that supply power to the tram speed control system. It is also responsible for functional fault detection and alarm, and real-time detection of the measured data of the tram voltage, current, and temperature sensors.

[0051] The fuel cell controller includes a gas circuit management module, a water and heat management module, an electrical management module, a data communication module and a fault diagnosis module, wherein the gas circuit management module is used to realize the flow of hydrogen and air required by the fuel cell system, and to reasonably and accurately control the pressure, temperature and humidity; the water and heat management module is used to realize the circulation and heating of the cooling water circuit in the heat exchanger, and to control and adjust the temperature of the air and cooling water, so as to improve the power of the fuel cell and the reliable stability of operation; the electrical management module is used to realize the detection of the voltage and current of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system, adjust the output power, and control the fuel cell voltage within a reasonable range, while consuming the shutdown residual power and the protection control of the voltage and current; the data communication module is used to realize communication with other systems and realize the interaction of important data information and control; the fault diagnosis module is used to realize the functions of fault diagnosis, warning, alarm and protection of gas circuit, water and heat, electricity and communication.

[0052] The emergency power supply controller includes a DC / AC inverter control module, a detection module (voltage, current, power, temperature), a protection module (overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature protection), and a parallel and networking communication module.

[0053] In a specific implementation, instructions can be sent through the CAN communication line to the tram energy controller, the fuel cell controller, the emergency power supply controller, the switch control unit (the first switch K1, the second switch K2, the third switch K3, the fourth switch K4, the fifth switch K5, the sixth switch K6, the seventh switch K7, the eighth switch K8), the battery module, the fuel cell module (DC / DC converter, fuel cell and gas-solid load hydrogen storage module), and the emergency power supply system (DC / AC inverter) to achieve vehicle starting, driving and switching of emergency power supply modes.

[0054] The emergency power supply vehicle is provided with a wheel assembly, which is connected to the motor through a transmission. The wheel assembly includes at least 2 running wheels and / or track wheels, which are used for two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, four-wheeled vehicles or tracked vehicles, etc. The DC / DC converter, fuel cell and gas-solid load hydrogen storage module are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and parameter combinations can be freely selected according to time, location, temperature and other factors; the DC / AC inverter and emergency power grid distribution box are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and parameters and combinations can be freely selected according to needs such as the power of electrical appliances, power supply voltage in different countries and regions, etc.

[0055] The control process of the emergency power supply vehicle proposed by the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes driving mode and emergency power supply mode, which are described in detail below.

[0056] Driving mode: In this mode, external charging and power supply are prohibited, the eighth switch K8 remains disconnected, and the battery module first supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system, various controller modules, heat exchanger and vehicle auxiliary systems. The fuel cell system is in the startup stage until the DC / DC converter outputs stably. During normal driving, the fuel cell module supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system, and the battery module supplies power to various controller modules and vehicle auxiliary systems.

[0057] At startup, the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system need time to establish a stable second DC bus DCBUS2 voltage output. Close the second switch K2, the fifth switch K5 and the seventh switch K7 of the gas circuit, and disconnect the first switch K1, the third switch K3, the fourth switch K4, the sixth switch K6 of the gas circuit and the eighth switch K8. The battery module is independently powered, the motor driver is adjusted, the transmission is adjusted, and the vehicle is started; the battery module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger, and then controls the solid-state hydrogen storage module to start releasing hydrogen until the pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank reaches the threshold. The seventh switch K7 is closed, and the gaseous hydrogen storage module starts to supply power to the fuel cell stack until the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the switching threshold.

[0058] Usually, the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the threshold before the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank. When the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the threshold, the first switch K1 is closed, the second switch K2 is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the tram speed control system; the fourth switch K4 is closed, the fifth switch K5 is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger module. The seventh switch K7 remains closed, the third switch K3 and the eighth switch K8 are opened, and the sixth switch K6 of the gas circuit is opened.

[0059] When the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches the threshold, the sixth switch K6 of the gas circuit is closed, the seventh switch K7 of the gas circuit is opened, the first switch K1 and the fourth switch K4 remain closed, and the second switch K2, the fifth switch K5 and the eighth switch K8 remain open. Whether the third switch K3 is opened is determined by the state of charge SOC of the battery.

[0060] In the driving mode where the first switch K1 and the sixth switch K6 of the gas circuit are closed, if the SOC of the battery is lower than a certain threshold, the third switch K3 is closed, and the load connected to the battery module is transferred to the second DC bus DCBUS2 and powered by the fuel cell. At the same time, the fuel cell charges the battery.

[0061] Emergency power supply mode: In this mode, the vehicle is stationary, the battery module and the fuel cell module are prohibited from supplying power to the tram speed control system, the first switch K1 is turned off, and the second switch K2 is turned off.

[0062] Similar to the tram start-up mode, the solid-state hydrogen storage module and fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system need time to establish a stable second DC bus DCBUS2 voltage output. When in the emergency power supply mode, close the fifth switch K5 and the seventh switch K7 of the gas circuit, and disconnect the first switch K1, the second switch K2, the fourth switch K4, the eighth switch K8 and the sixth switch K6 of the gas circuit. The battery module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger, thereby controlling the solid-state hydrogen storage module to start releasing hydrogen until the pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank reaches the threshold. The seventh switch K7 is closed, and the gaseous hydrogen storage module starts to supply power to the fuel cell stack until the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the switching threshold.

[0063] When the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the threshold, the eighth switch K8 is closed, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the emergency power supply system; the fourth switch K4 is closed, the fifth switch K5 is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger module. The seventh switch K7 remains closed, the third switch K3 is opened, and the sixth switch K6 of the gas circuit is opened.

[0064] When the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches the threshold, the sixth switch K6 of the gas circuit is closed, the seventh switch K7 of the gas circuit is opened, the fourth switch K4 and the eighth switch K8 remain closed, and the first switch K1, the second switch K2, the third switch K3 and the fifth switch K5 remain opened.

[0065] When working in the emergency power supply mode, if the SOC of the battery is lower than a certain threshold, the third switch K3 is closed, and the load connected to the battery module is transferred to the second DC bus DCBUS2 and powered by the fuel cell. At the same time, the fuel cell charges the battery.

[0066] The present invention does not elaborate on some of the common technologies of those skilled in the art. The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this field to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle, characterized in that: It includes vehicle driving system (①), battery system (②), hydrogen fuel cell system (③) and emergency power supply system (④); The vehicle driving system (①) includes the electric vehicle speed control system, the electric vehicle energy controller and the vehicle auxiliary system; the electric vehicle speed control system is used to control the starting, acceleration and braking of the vehicle, the electric vehicle energy controller is used to control the energy distribution of the battery system and the hydrogen fuel cell system when the vehicle is running, and the vehicle auxiliary system is used to realize the electric vehicle's power steering, on-board information display, air conditioning, lighting, defrosting and wiper functions; The battery system (②) includes a battery module and a battery energy management module; the battery energy management module is connected to the battery module; the output of the battery system is connected to the first DC bus (DC BUS 1); The hydrogen fuel cell system (③) includes a hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell stack, a DC / DC converter, a heat exchanger and a fuel cell controller; the hydrogen storage module includes a gaseous hydrogen storage tank and a solid hydrogen storage tank, which can realize solid hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage; the fuel cell stack is used to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy; the DC / DC converter is used to boost the fuel cell voltage to the rated voltage required by the vehicle motor, and the output side of the DC / DC converter is connected to the second DC bus (DC BUS 2); the heat exchanger is used to realize the charging and discharging of solid hydrogen storage and thermal recycling; the fuel cell controller is used to control the switching between the solid hydrogen storage tank and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen release rate; The DC bus includes a first DC bus (DC BUS 1) and a second DC bus (DC BUS 2); The emergency power supply system (④) includes a DC / AC inverter, an emergency power grid, a fast DC charging port and an emergency power supply controller; the DC / AC inverter is used to invert the DC bus voltage into AC power for supplying the emergency power grid; the fast DC charging port is used for the DC bus to directly and quickly charge the DC load; the emergency power supply controller is used to control the voltage, current and power sent by the DC bus to the emergency power grid; the battery includes a lithium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery and a lead-acid battery; the vehicle driving system, the battery system, the hydrogen fuel cell system and the emergency power supply system are modular and independent of each other and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and can be configured and combined with different parameters according to needs; In the vehicle driving system (①), battery system (②), hydrogen fuel cell system (③) and emergency power supply system (④), each system is equipped with a switch control unit, and the energy is controlled by its own controller; the switch control unit of the emergency power supply vehicle includes a first switch K1, a second switch K2, a third switch K3, a fourth switch K4, a fifth switch K5, a sixth switch K6, a seventh switch K7 and an eighth switch K8; the first switch K1 connects the motor driver and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) output by the fuel cell system, and can control the circuit on and off of the tram speed control system and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2); the second switch K2 connects the motor driver and the first DC bus (DC BUS 1) output by the battery module, and can control the circuit on and off of the tram speed control system and the first DC bus (DC BUS 1); the third switch K3 connects the battery module and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2), and can control the circuit on and off of the battery module and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) circuit on and off, thereby controlling whether the fuel cell system charges the battery system; the fourth switch K4 connects the heat exchanger of the fuel cell system with the second DC bus (DC BUS 2), and controls the circuit on and off between the heat exchanger and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2); the fifth switch K5 connects the heat exchanger of the fuel cell system with the first DC bus (DC BUS 1), and controls the circuit on and off between the heat exchanger and the first DC bus (DCBUS 1); the sixth switch K6 connects the solid hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell system with the fuel cell stack, and controls the gas circuit on and off between the fuel cell stack and the solid hydrogen storage tank; the seventh switch K7 connects the gaseous hydrogen storage tank of the fuel cell system with the fuel cell stack, and controls the gas circuit on and off between the fuel cell stack and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank; the eighth switch K8 connects the DC / AC inverter of the emergency power supply with the second DC bus (DC BUS 2), and controls the on and off of the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) and the emergency power supply system; The electric vehicle speed control system comprises a motor driver, a motor and a transmission which are electrically connected in sequence; the transmission is respectively connected to the motor and the wheel assembly drive bridge, and the motor driver controls the working state of the motor; one end of the motor driver is sequentially connected to the second switch (K2) and the first DC bus (DC BUS 1), and the other end of the motor driver is sequentially connected to the first switch (K1) and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2); the electric vehicle energy controller is respectively connected to the first switch (K1) and the second switch (K2); the vehicle information display module, the air conditioning and lighting module, the defrosting and wiper module and the power steering system are respectively connected to the vehicle auxiliary system; the vehicle auxiliary system is connected to the first DC bus (DC BUS 1); The battery module is directly connected to the first DC bus (DC BUS 1) to supply power to the power load on the first DC bus (DC BUS 1); the load connected to the first DC bus (DC BUS 1) includes a motor driver connected through a second switch (K2), a vehicle auxiliary system, and a heat exchanger connected through a fifth switch (K5); the battery module is connected to the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) through a third switch (K3); the battery energy manager charges the battery by controlling the third switch (K3); The battery system is mainly used for energy supply that requires rapid response, including electric vehicle starting, vehicle auxiliary system, electric vehicle energy controller, fuel cell controller and emergency power supply controller; The DC / DC converter and the fuel cell stack are electrically connected; three loads are connected to the second DC bus (DC BUS 2), namely, a motor driver connected through a first switch (K1), a heat exchanger connected through a fourth switch (K4), and an emergency power supply system connected through an eighth switch (K8); the gaseous hydrogen storage tank is sequentially connected to the seventh switch (K7), the fuel cell stack, the DC / DC converter and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2); the solid hydrogen storage tank is sequentially connected to the sixth switch (K6), the fuel cell stack, the DC / DC converter and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2); one end of the heat exchanger is sequentially connected to the fourth switch (K4) and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2), and the other end of the heat exchanger is sequentially connected to the fifth switch K5 and the first DC bus (DC BUS 1); the fuel cell controller is respectively connected to the fourth switch (K4), the fifth switch (K5), the sixth switch (K6) and the seventh switch (K7); The waste heat generated by the motor and the waste heat generated by the DC / DC converter are recycled by the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger and the solid hydrogen storage tank form a heat recycling unit; The DC side of the DC / AC inverter is connected to the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) through the eighth switch (K8), and the AC side of the DC / AC inverter is connected to the emergency power grid; the fast DC charging port is connected to the second DC bus (DC BUS2) through the eighth switch (K8); the emergency power supply controller controls whether to supply power to the emergency power grid by controlling the on and off of the eighth switch (K8); the emergency power grid is connected to the DC / AC inverter, the eighth switch (K8) and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) in sequence; the fast DC charging port is connected to the eighth switch (K8) and the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) in sequence; the emergency power supply controller is connected to the eighth switch (K8); The electric vehicle energy controller is used to realize the starting, acceleration and braking control of the electric vehicle, and controls the first switch (K1) and the second switch (K2) to realize the switching between the battery and the fuel cell that supply power to the electric vehicle speed control system. It is also responsible for functional fault detection and alarm, and real-time detection of the measured data of the electric vehicle voltage, current and temperature sensors; The fuel cell controller includes a gas circuit management module, a water and heat management module, an electrical management module, a data communication module and a fault diagnosis module. The gas circuit management module is used to realize the flow of hydrogen and air required by the fuel cell system, and to reasonably and accurately control the pressure, temperature and humidity; the water and heat management module is used to realize the circulation and heating of the cooling water circuit in the heat exchanger, and to control and adjust the temperature of the air and cooling water, so as to improve the power of the fuel cell and the reliable stability of its operation; The electrical management module is used to detect the voltage and current of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system, adjust the output power, and control the fuel cell voltage within a predetermined range, while consuming the shutdown residual power and the voltage and current protection control; the data communication module is used to communicate with other systems and realize the interaction of data information and control; the fault diagnosis module is used to realize fault diagnosis, warning, alarm and protection functions for gas circuits, water heat, electricity and communication; The emergency power supply controller includes a DC / AC inverter control module, a detection module, a protection module, a paralleling and networking communication module; it sends instructions to the tram energy controller, the fuel cell controller, the emergency power supply controller, the switch control unit, the battery module, the fuel cell module and the emergency power supply system through the CAN communication line to realize the vehicle's starting, driving and switching of emergency power supply modes.

2. The emergency power supply vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency power supply vehicle is provided with a wheel assembly, which is connected to the motor through a transmission; the wheel assembly includes at least 2 walking wheels and / or track wheels, which are used for two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, four-wheeled vehicles or tracked vehicles; the DC / DC converter, fuel cell and gas-solid load hydrogen storage module are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and parameter combinations can be freely selected according to time, location and temperature factors; the DC / AC inverter and the emergency power grid distribution box are modularly independent and can be freely disassembled and assembled, and parameters and combinations can be freely selected according to needs.

3. A control method for a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle is in driving mode, and the control method includes the following steps: In this driving mode, external charging and power supply are prohibited, the eighth switch (K8) remains disconnected, and the battery module first supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system, various controller modules, heat exchanger and vehicle auxiliary systems. The fuel cell system is in the startup stage until the DC / DC converter outputs stably. During normal driving, the fuel cell module supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system, and the battery module supplies power to various controller modules and vehicle auxiliary systems. During startup, the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system need time to establish a stable second DC bus (DC BUS 2) voltage output; the second switch (K2), the fifth switch (K5) and the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit are closed, and the first switch (K1), the third switch (K3), the fourth switch (K4), the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit and the eighth switch (K8) are disconnected; the battery module independently supplies power to adjust the motor driver and the transmission to start the vehicle; the battery module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger, thereby controlling the solid-state hydrogen storage module to start releasing hydrogen until the pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold; the seventh switch (K7) is closed, and the gaseous hydrogen storage module starts to supply power to the fuel cell stack until the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches a switching threshold; The output voltage of the DC / DC converter must reach the threshold value before the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank; when the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the threshold value, the first switch (K1) is closed, the second switch (K2) is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the electric vehicle speed control system; the fourth switch (K4) is closed, the fifth switch (K5) is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger module; the seventh switch (K7) remains closed, the third switch (K3) and the eighth switch (K8) are opened, and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is opened; When the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold value, the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is closed, the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit is opened, the first switch (K1) and the fourth switch (K4) remain closed, and the second switch (K2), the fifth switch (K5) and the eighth switch (K8) remain opened; whether the third switch (K3) is opened is determined by the state of charge SOC of the battery; In the driving mode in which the first switch (K1) and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit are closed, if the SOC of the battery is lower than a set threshold, the third switch (K3) is closed, and the load connected to the battery module is transferred to the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) and powered by the fuel cell. At the same time, the fuel cell charges the battery.

4. A control method for a gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The gas-solid composite hydrogen storage fuel cell emergency power supply vehicle is in an emergency power supply mode, and the control method comprises the following steps: in the emergency power supply mode, the vehicle is stationary, the battery module and the fuel cell module are prohibited from supplying power to the tram speed control system, the first switch (K1) is turned off, and the second switch (K2) is turned off; The solid-state hydrogen storage module and the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system need time to establish a stable second DC bus (DCBUS 2) voltage output; when in the emergency power supply mode, the fifth switch (K5) and the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit are closed, and the first switch (K1), the second switch (K2), the fourth switch (K4), the eighth switch (K8) and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit are disconnected; the battery module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger, thereby controlling the solid-state hydrogen storage module to start releasing hydrogen until the pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold; the seventh switch (K7) is closed, and the gaseous hydrogen storage module starts to supply power to the fuel cell stack until the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches a switching threshold; When the output voltage of the DC / DC converter reaches the threshold value, the eighth switch (K8) is closed, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the emergency power supply system; the fourth switch (K4) is closed, the fifth switch (K5) is opened, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the heating circuit of the heat exchanger module; the seventh switch (K7) remains closed, the third switch (K3) is opened, and the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is opened; When the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches a threshold value, the sixth switch (K6) of the gas circuit is closed, the seventh switch (K7) of the gas circuit is opened, the fourth switch (K4) and the eighth switch (K8) remain closed, and the first switch (K1), the second switch (K2), the third switch (K3) and the fifth switch (K5) remain opened; When operating in the emergency power supply mode, if the SOC of the battery is lower than the set threshold, the third switch (K3) is closed, and the load connected to the battery module is transferred to the second DC bus (DC BUS 2) and powered by the fuel cell. At the same time, the fuel cell charges the battery.

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