Integrated device for cutting seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated punching and seedling-digging, soil-covering, and fertilizing device for film-covered crops. The main structure has a support frame, and the support frame is used to drive the whole machine to move under the action of a self-contained or external power device. The support frame is provided with a seedling position confirmation device, a punching device, a soil-covering device, a spraying and fertilizing device, and a control system. The integrated device provided by the present invention realizes one-time accurate confirmation, punching, seedling-digging, soil-covering, and spraying and fertilizing operations for film-covered crops, greatly improving the operation efficiency. Moreover, compared with the existing devices, the structure of the device is ingeniously designed, the operation is smooth, the failure rate is low, and it is suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, and in particular relates to a punching-type seedling-digging, soil-covering, pesticide-spraying and fertilizing integrated device for film-covered crops. Background Art

[0002] Film mulching is widely used in northern my country, especially in low-temperature and cold regions. The film covering the ground provides a suitable growth environment for seedlings. When the seedlings reach a certain stage, the film needs to be broken in time to dig out the seedlings so that they can continue to grow. In addition, after digging out the seedlings, soil needs to be piled up at the roots of the seedlings to increase root nutrition. If necessary, the seedlings need to be sprayed with pesticides and / or fertilized.

[0003] In the past, the above-mentioned farming was mainly done manually, which was labor-intensive and slow. In recent years, some mechanized equipment has gradually emerged to replace manual labor, such as the fully automatic plant seedling digging and sealing equipment disclosed in Chinese patent CN210869032U, which realizes automatic film breaking and soil covering of the seedling roots, thereby improving the operation efficiency. However, the equipment has a relatively complex structure, takes a long time to cover the soil, has a high failure rate during the operation, and has average accuracy in digging out seedlings. In addition, there is no spraying and fertilizing device attached, and the seedlings need to be sprayed and fertilized separately, so the overall operation efficiency is not high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems, thereby providing an integrated device for punching-out seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops.

[0005] Specifically, the present invention provides an integrated punching and digging seedling-digging, soil-covering, spraying and fertilizing device for film-covered crops, comprising a support frame, the support frame is used to drive the whole machine to move under the action of a self-contained or external power device, and the support frame is provided with a punching device, a soil-covering device, a spraying and fertilizing device, a seedling position confirmation device and a control system;

[0006] The punching device comprises a conical punching cylinder located inside the punching hole, and a driving device driving the conical punching cylinder to move back and forth up and down along the punching hole. Under the action of the driving device, the conical punching cylinder moves downward to the coating to punch the coating. The maximum outer diameter of the conical punching cylinder is matched with the inner diameter of the punching hole, and is used to close the punching hole when the conical punching cylinder does not move downward. When the conical punching cylinder moves downward, a gap is generated between the conical punching cylinder and the punching hole to allow the soil collected in the punching hole to slide downward.

[0007] The soil covering device comprises two groups of rotary tillage devices, soil covering covers and soil sliding grooves symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame; the two groups of rotary tillage devices are used to rotate and till the soil; the two groups of soil covering covers are respectively covered on the upper side of the corresponding rotary tillage devices, and are used to collect the soil rotary tilled by the rotary tillage devices; one end of the two groups of soil sliding grooves is respectively connected to one end of the corresponding soil covering cover from the side, and the other end converges downward to form the punching hole, which is used to collect the soil collected by the soil covering covers on both sides;

[0008] The pesticide spraying and fertilizing device comprises a box for storing pesticides and / or fertilizers, and a spray head connected to the box, and a control valve is provided between the box and the spray head;

[0009] The seedling position confirmation device is used to confirm whether the whole machine has moved to the position where the seedlings are to be removed;

[0010] The control system is electrically connected to the seedling position confirmation device, the driving device and the control valve. When the seedling position confirmation device confirms that the whole machine has moved to the position to be removed, it sends confirmation information to the control system. The control system sends instructions to the driving device according to the received confirmation information, controls the conical blanking cylinder to move downward to blank the film, and sends instructions to the control valve to control the nozzle to spray medicine and / or fertilize.

[0011] Preferably, the rotary tilling device includes a knife shaft and a plurality of blades located on the knife shaft, the plurality of blades are evenly distributed along the circumference of the knife shaft, and the centers of the plurality of blades are not located on the same horizontal plane, but are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the knife shaft.

[0012] Preferably, when the support frame drives the whole machine to move under the action of the external power device, the knife shafts of the two sets of rotary tilling devices are connected to a reducer, and the reducer is used to be connected to the power output shaft of the external power device.

[0013] Preferably, a triangular connecting frame for connecting a traction device of the external power device is provided on the supporting frame on the same side as the reducer.

[0014] Preferably, the soil covering cover includes a rotary tillage end and a sliding soil end, the bottom of the rotary tillage end is provided with an opening, the rotary tillage device is located at the opening, the sliding soil end is arc-shaped as a whole, and a climbing transition surface for diverting soil is provided between the bottom of the opening and the bottom of the sliding soil end.

[0015] Preferably, the cross section of the sliding soil trough gradually decreases from the top to the bottom.

[0016] Preferably, the driving device is a servo motor, and a circular-linear transmission device is provided between the output shaft of the servo motor and the conical blanking cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, the circular-linear transmission device is a cam-type transmission device, including a disc, an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, the disc is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor, the top of the upper connecting rod is connected to the edge or near the edge of the disc, the bottom of the lower connecting rod is connected to the conical blanking cylinder, and the bottom of the upper connecting rod is rotatably connected to the top of the lower connecting rod.

[0018] Preferably, the seedling position confirmation device is a seedling identification device, the seedling identification device is an infrared seedling identification device, and the infrared seedling identification device includes an infrared sensing unit.

[0019] Preferably, the seedling position confirmation device is a seedling identification device, and the seedling identification device is a video seedling identification device, and the video seedling identification device includes a camera and an image processing module. The camera is used to shoot the ground when the whole machine is moving, and transmit the shot image information to the image processing module in real time. The image processing module is preset with a seedling library, and the received image information is compared with the seedling library to confirm whether it is a seedling.

[0020] The integrated device for punching and digging out seedlings, covering with soil and spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops provided by the present invention realizes the one-time accurate confirmation, punching, digging out seedlings, covering with soil and spraying and fertilizing operations of film-covered crops, greatly improving the working efficiency. Moreover, compared with the existing devices, the structure of the device is ingeniously designed, the operation is smooth, the failure rate is low, and it is suitable for large-scale promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the integrated device provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the integrated device provided by the present invention from another perspective;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the soil cover and the soil sliding trough (the soil cover and the soil sliding trough cover are omitted to clearly show the internal structure);

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the soil cover and the soil sliding trough;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the middle tapered blanking cylinder moves downward to protrude the blanking hole;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rotary tillage device.

[0027] Among them, 1-support frame; 2-soil cover; 3-box; 4-punching hole; 5-conical punching cylinder; 6-knife shaft; 7-blade; 71-heightening block; 8-soil sliding trough; 9-sprinkler; 10-reducer; 11-triangular connecting frame; 12-climbing transition surface; 13-servo motor; 14-disc; 151-upper connecting rod; 152-lower connecting rod; 16-connecting rod support frame; 24-feeding port; 26-sawtooth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention provides a punching type seedling-digging, soil-covering, pesticide-spraying and fertilizing integrated device for film-covered crops, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, it includes a whole machine support frame 1, which can drive the whole machine to move under the action of its own or external power device. The support frame 1 is provided with a punching device, a soil covering device, a spraying and fertilizing device, a seedling position confirmation device and a control system.

[0029] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the soil covering device includes two groups of rotary tillage devices, soil covering covers 2 and soil sliding grooves 8 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame 1; the rotary tillage device preferably includes a knife shaft 6 and a plurality of blades 7 located on the knife shaft, and the knife shaft 6 rotates at a high speed under the action of a self-contained or external power device, driving the blades 7 to contact the ground and rotary till the soil; the two groups of soil covering covers 2 are respectively covered on the upper side of the corresponding rotary tillage device, and when the blades 7 rotate, the rotary tilled soil is thrown upward along the rotation direction of the blades, and then collected by the soil covering covers 2; one end of the two groups of soil sliding grooves 8 is respectively connected to one end of the corresponding soil covering cover 2 from the side, and the other end converges downward to form a punching hole 4, and the soil collected by the soil covering covers 2 on both sides slides through the soil sliding grooves on both sides and converges to the punching hole 4.

[0030] The punching device includes a conical punching cylinder 5 located inside the punching hole 4, and a driving device that drives the conical punching cylinder 5 to move back and forth up and down along the punching hole 4. When the conical punching cylinder moves downward to the film covering, the film can be punched to expose the seedlings. Preferably, a sawtooth 26 is provided at the bottom of the conical punching cylinder 5, and the force of the sawtooth makes it easier to punch and break the film. At the same time, the maximum outer diameter of the conical punching cylinder 5 is adapted to the inner diameter of the punching hole 4. When the conical punching cylinder does not move downward, the lower part of the punching hole 4 can be completely closed to prevent the soil collected in the punching hole 4 from being thrown downward. When the conical punching cylinder 5 moves downward, a gap is generated between the conical punching cylinder 5 and the punching hole 4, so that the soil collected in the punching hole can be thrown downward, thereby realizing the fixed-point covering of the exposed seedlings.

[0031] The spraying and fertilizing device comprises a box 3 for storing pesticides and / or fertilizers, and a nozzle 9 connected to the box 3. A control valve is provided between the box and the nozzle, and the nozzle can be controlled to start or stop spraying and fertilizing, and the spraying and fertilizing flow rate can be adjusted by the control valve. The box 3 can store the pesticides and / or fertilizers required for application according to actual conditions, preferably liquid pesticides and / or fertilizers are used, which are convenient for spraying by the nozzle. A feeding port 24 is preferably provided on the box to facilitate the addition of pesticides and / or fertilizers.

[0032] The seedling position confirmation device is used to confirm whether the whole machine has moved to the position to be dug out the seedlings. The present application preferably uses a seedling identification device. The seedling identification device is an infrared seedling identification device or a camera seedling identification device; the infrared seedling identification device includes an infrared sensing unit, which is used to infraredly sense whether the seedlings are identified; the camera seedling identification device includes a camera and an image processing module. The camera is used to shoot the ground below when the whole machine is moving, and transmit the captured image information to the image processing module in real time. The image processing module is preset with a seedling library, and the received image information is compared with the seedling library to confirm whether it is a seedling.

[0033] The control system is electrically connected to the seedling position confirmation device, the driving device and the control valve. When the seedling position confirmation device confirms that the entire device has moved to the position to be removed, it sends a confirmation message to the control system. The control system sends a command to the driving device based on the received confirmation message to control the conical blanking cylinder to move downward to blank the film at the current position, and sends a command to the control valve to control the nozzle to spray pesticides and / or fertilize the crops at the current position.

[0034] Preferably, the control system is connected to a display screen which can display the working status in real time.

[0035] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the device provided by the present application preferably relies on an external power device (such as a tractor) to travel and operate, so the knife shafts of the two sets of rotary tillage devices are connected with a reducer 10, and the reducer is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor, and the rotation force is transmitted through the reducer to synchronously drive the two sets of knife shafts to rotate. It is further preferred that a triangular connecting frame 11 is provided on the support frame on the same side as the reducer, and is firmly connected to the traction device at the rear of the tractor through the triangular connecting frame.

[0036] According to the actual situation, the traction height of the tractor rear traction device can be adjusted, and then the depth of the blade extending into the soil can be adjusted, so that it can be suitable for different rotary tillage depth operations. Figure 6As shown, multiple blades 7 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the blade shaft 6, and the centers of the multiple blades are not located on the same horizontal plane, but are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the blade shaft. In the prior art, the centers of the blades are generally located on the same horizontal plane, and the surface acting on the soil is small during rotary tillage, and the amount of soil to be rotary tilled is small, resulting in a small amount of soil covering. However, the structure of the present application can increase the contact area with the soil and increase the amount of soil covering.

[0037] Further preferably, the blade of the present application has a larger bending angle than conventional rotary tillage blades, preferably 115-120°, and the rotation radius of the blade and the blade shaft (i.e., the rotary tillage radius) is also increased, preferably 25-27 cm, and a heightening block 71 is provided between the blade and the blade shaft to increase the blade height, while the width of the blade gradually increases from the bottom to the top. The above arrangement can increase the ejection distance and rotary tillage amount of the rotary tillage soil, which is beneficial to the collection of the soil covering cover. At the same time, the soil has higher kinetic energy when in contact with the cover body of the soil covering cover, which can make the agglomerated soil easier to disperse and crush and refine, which is beneficial to the subsequent soil covering.

[0038] Preferably, the soil cover 2 can adopt the following specific structure: including a rotary tillage end and a sliding soil end, the bottom of the rotary tillage end is provided with an opening, the rotary tillage device is located at the opening, the blade 7 can be exposed and contact the ground, and the sliding soil end is arc-shaped as a whole, which can collect more soil. A climbing transition curved surface 12 is provided between the bottom of the opening and the bottom of the sliding soil end, and the soil that is rotary tilled by the blade 7 is thrown upward along the rotary tillage direction. By providing the climbing transition curved surface 12, the thrown soil can be guided to slide smoothly toward the sliding soil end, and finally gather along the sliding soil groove 8 to the punching hole 4 below. It is further preferred that all corners of the soil cover 2 are rounded, which can reduce the friction between the soil and the corners of the soil cover and prevent soil retention.

[0039] Preferably, the cross section of the soil sliding groove 8 gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, so that the soil can be easily collected in the punching hole 4. The groove surface of the soil sliding groove is a smooth transition curved surface, forming a smooth transition slideway, which further enables the soil to slide smoothly and collect in the punching hole below.

[0040] Preferably, the driving device is a servo motor 13, and a circular-linear transmission device is provided between the output shaft of the servo motor 13 and the blanking cylinder, which can change the circular motion output by the servo motor into a linear motion, and drive the tapered blanking cylinder 5 to move up and down. The circular-linear transmission device can adopt a cam type, a crank slider type, a screw nut type, etc. The driving device adopts a servo motor, which can change the vertical movement distance of the tapered blanking cylinder 5, and is suitable for seedlings of different plant heights.

[0041] Further preferably, the circular-linear transmission device is a cam-type transmission device, including a disc 14, an upper connecting rod 151 and a lower connecting rod 152. The disc is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor, the top of the upper connecting rod is connected to a point on the edge or close to the edge of the disc, and the bottom of the lower connecting rod is connected to the conical blanking cylinder. Since the top of the upper connecting rod follows the disc for circular motion, the bottom is also driven to rotate in a small range. Therefore, the bottom of the upper connecting rod and the top of the lower connecting rod are set to be rotatably connected to adapt to the circular motion of the top of the upper connecting rod.

[0042] Further preferably, a connecting rod support frame 16 is provided on the soil sliding trough, and a through hole is provided on the connecting rod support frame for the lower connecting rod 152 to pass through, so as to provide position-limiting support for the lower connecting rod 152 .

[0043] The specific working process of the present application is as follows: the support frame drives the whole machine to move under the action of its own or external power device, and at the same time, the blade rotates to till the soil, and the soil is thrown to the soil cover with the blade and collected in the punching hole at the bottom of the sliding soil trough. During the movement of the whole machine, the seedling position confirmation device starts to work. When the seedling is identified, a confirmation message is sent to the control system. The control system sends a command to the drive device, and the conical punching cylinder moves downward to punch the film to expose the seedling, completing the fixed-point precise seedling digging operation. At the same time, when the conical punching cylinder moves downward, a gap is generated between the punching hole, and the soil collected in the punching hole automatically slides down, completing the fixed-point precise soil covering operation for the exposed seedling. The control system also sends a command to the control valve at the same time, and the nozzle starts to spray and / or fertilize the exposed seedling, completing the fixed-point precise spraying and fertilizing operation for the exposed seedling.

[0044] Therefore, the integrated device provided in the present application realizes the one-time accurate confirmation, punching and digging out of the film-covered crops, covering the soil, spraying and fertilizing operations, greatly improving the working efficiency. Moreover, the structure of the device is simpler than the existing device, the operation is smoother, the failure rate is low, and it is suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0045] As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the components not described in detail in the present invention are conventional technologies in the art and will not be described in detail in this article. At the same time, the device provided by the present invention also includes some necessary connections, supports and other components, such as a guide pipe between the water tank and the nozzle, and a signal connection line or wireless transmission system between the control system and the control valve.

[0046] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concepts are known. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A punching-type seedling-digging, soil-covering, spraying and fertilizing integrated device for film-covered crops, comprising a support frame, which is used to drive the whole machine to move under the action of a self-contained or external power device, and is characterized in that: The support frame is provided with a seedling position confirmation device, a punching device, a soil covering device, a spraying and fertilizing device and a control system; The seedling position confirmation device is used to confirm whether the whole machine has moved to the position where the seedlings are to be removed; The punching device comprises a conical punching cylinder located inside the punching hole, and a driving device driving the conical punching cylinder to move back and forth up and down along the punching hole. Under the action of the driving device, the conical punching cylinder moves downward to the coating to punch the coating. The maximum outer diameter of the conical punching cylinder is matched with the inner diameter of the punching hole, and is used to close the punching hole when the conical punching cylinder does not move downward. When the conical punching cylinder moves downward, a gap is generated between the conical punching cylinder and the punching hole to allow the soil collected in the punching hole to slide downward. The soil covering device comprises two groups of rotary tillage devices, soil covering covers and soil sliding grooves symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame; the two groups of rotary tillage devices are used to rotate and till the soil; the two groups of soil covering covers are respectively covered on the upper side of the corresponding rotary tillage devices, and are used to collect the soil rotary tilled by the rotary tillage devices; one end of the two groups of soil sliding grooves is respectively connected to one end of the corresponding soil covering cover from the side, and the other end converges downward to form the punching hole, which is used to collect the soil collected by the soil covering covers on both sides; The pesticide spraying and fertilizing device comprises a box for storing pesticides and / or fertilizers, and a spray head connected to the box, and a control valve is provided between the box and the spray head; The control system is electrically connected to the seedling position confirmation device, the driving device and the control valve. When the seedling position confirmation device confirms that the whole machine has moved to the position to be removed, it sends confirmation information to the control system. The control system sends instructions to the driving device according to the received confirmation information, controls the conical blanking cylinder to move downward to blank the film, and sends instructions to the control valve to control the nozzle to spray medicine and / or fertilize.

2. The integrated device for punching out seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tilling device includes a knife shaft and a plurality of blades located on the knife shaft. The plurality of blades are evenly distributed along the circumference of the knife shaft, and the centers of the plurality of blades are not located on the same horizontal plane, but are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the knife shaft.

3. The integrated device for punching out seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the support frame drives the whole machine to move under the action of the external power device, the knife shafts of the two sets of rotary tilling devices are connected with speed reducers, and the speed reducers are used to be connected to the power output shaft of the external power device.

4. The integrated device for punching out seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A triangular connecting frame for connecting a traction device of the external power device is provided on the supporting frame on the same side as the reducer.

5. The integrated device for punching out seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil covering cover comprises a rotary tillage end and a sliding soil end. The bottom of the rotary tillage end is provided with an opening, the rotary tillage device is located at the opening, the sliding soil end is arc-shaped as a whole, and a climbing transition curved surface for diverting soil is provided between the bottom of the opening and the bottom of the sliding soil end.

6. The integrated device for punching out seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the sliding soil trough gradually decreases from the top to the bottom.

7. The integrated device for punching out seedlings, covering soil, spraying and fertilizing for film-covered crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device is a servo motor, and a circular-linear transmission device is arranged between the output shaft of the servo motor and the conical blanking cylinder.

8. The integrated punching-type seedling-digging, soil-covering, pesticide-spraying and fertilizing device for film-covered crops according to claim 7, characterized in that: The circular-linear transmission device is a cam-type transmission device, including a disc, an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod. The disc is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor, the top of the upper connecting rod is connected to the edge or near the edge of the disc, the bottom of the lower connecting rod is connected to the conical blanking cylinder, and the bottom of the upper connecting rod is rotatably connected to the top of the lower connecting rod.

9. The integrated punching-type seedling-digging, soil-covering, pesticide-spraying and fertilizing device for film-covered crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling position confirmation device is a seedling identification device, and the seedling identification device is an infrared seedling identification device, and the infrared seedling identification device includes an infrared sensing unit.

10. The integrated punching-type seedling-digging, soil-covering, pesticide-spraying and fertilizing device for film-covered crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling position confirmation device is a seedling identification device, and the seedling identification device is a video seedling identification device. The video seedling identification device includes a camera and an image processing module. The camera is used to shoot the ground when the whole machine is moving, and transmit the captured image information to the image processing module in real time. The image processing module is preset with a seedling library, and the received image information is compared with the seedling library to confirm whether it is a seedling.

Images