A rainbow trout compound feed using chicken gizzard lining residue to replace fish meal

Abstract

The invention discloses a rainbow trout compound feed using chicken gizzard lining dregs to replace fish meal, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 59.5-62.3 parts of protein source raw materials, 14.3-15.5 parts of fat source raw materials, 14 parts of sugar source raw materials, 1 part of complex vitamins, 1 part of complex minerals, 1.60-3.47 parts of functional amino acids, 0.5 parts of antioxidants, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of sodium alginate, 0.05 parts of astaxanthin, and 0.88-4.35 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; the protein source raw materials are composed of the following raw materials by weight: 25-45 parts of fish meal, 5-25 parts of chicken gizzard lining dregs, 3.5-6.3 parts of soy protein isolate, and 6 parts of soybean meal. The feed uses chicken gizzard lining dregs as a protein source raw material and reduces the use of fish meal, solves the problems of insufficient supply of fish meal and high feed production cost, realizes the sustainable development of the rainbow trout breeding industry chain, and has great economic and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture aquatic animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to a rainbow trout compound feed which utilizes chicken gizzard lining medicine residue to replace fish meal. Background Art

[0002] Rainbow trout belongs to the class Actinopterygii, the subclass Osteichthyes, the order Salmoniformes, the suborder Salmonidae, the genus Salmonidae. It is commonly known as the seven-color fish. It has a spindle-shaped body, a round snout, fine and round scales, a gray back and head, a silvery-white abdomen, and small black spots scattered on the sides, back and fins of the body. The lateral line of sexually mature rainbow trout extends to the base of the tail fin and is purple-red. Rainbow trout often lives in cold water and is native to the west coast of the Pacific Ocean in North America. After years of transplantation and domestication, rainbow trout has become a cold-water freshwater fish that is widely cultivated in various continents. It was introduced to my country as early as the last century. Professional rainbow trout farms in China are mainly distributed in high-altitude areas in the north and west. Its tender meat, delicious taste, and less bones make it very popular. In 2020, my country's trout farming output was about 37,800 tons, of which Qinghai Province accounted for the largest proportion, with an output of about 14,700 tons, followed by Yunnan, Liaoning, and Xinjiang with higher output.

[0003] Rainbow trout is a cold-water carnivorous fish that has high requirements for protein and amino acid content in feed. Therefore, in order to maximize the growth rate of rainbow trout, the crude protein content in the feed needs to be 40-50%. Among them, fish meal is the most ideal protein source for aquatic animals because of its amino acid composition suitable for aquatic animals and rich in unsaturated fatty acids. It is widely used in feed production for global fish farming. However, with the prosperous development of aquaculture, the demand for fish meal continues to rise, but the output of fish meal produced by fishing is relatively stable, which has led to a shortage of fish meal and a soaring price, thereby greatly increasing the production cost of feed. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the production cost of rainbow trout feed and effectively solve the problem of energy shortage; and how to use compound feed to artificially cultivate rainbow trout to improve growth efficiency, reduce feed coefficient, and at the same time enhance fish resistance and reduce pressure on the environment, this problem needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, a low-fishmeal compound feed for rainbow trout with scientific ratio and reasonable nutrition is needed.

[0004] Chicken gizzard lining residue is the residue left after the medicinal ingredients of the Chinese medicine chicken gizzard lining are extracted; currently, there is not much research on the value of chicken gizzard lining residue in the existing technology, and there is relatively little development of its resource, so chicken gizzard lining residue is often treated as waste and disposed of by landfill, incineration, biocomposting, etc. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a rainbow trout compound feed which utilizes chicken gizzard lining medicine residues to replace fish meal. The feed utilizes chicken gizzard lining medicine residues as a protein source raw material and reduces the use of fish meal.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:

[0007] A rainbow trout compound feed using chicken gizzard lining medicine residue to replace fish meal, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 59.5-62.3 parts of protein source raw materials, 14.3-15.5 parts of fat source raw materials, 14 parts of sugar source raw materials, 1 part of complex vitamins, 1 part of complex minerals, 1.60-3.47 parts of functional amino acids, 0.5 parts of antioxidants, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of sodium alginate, 0.05 parts of astaxanthin, and 0.88-4.35 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose;

[0008] The protein source raw material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of fish meal, 5-25 parts of chicken gizzard lining medicine residue, 3.5-6.3 parts of soy protein isolate and 6 parts of soybean meal.

[0009] Although the chicken gizzard lining residue is the residue left after the medicinal ingredients are extracted, it comes from the dried gizzard inner wall of the domestic chicken of the Phasianidae family, and has a crude protein content of up to 90%. Therefore, the inventor innovatively uses it as a protein source raw material in rainbow trout compound feed and uses it to replace fish meal; and the inventor has determined the formula of rainbow trout compound feed through a large amount of research, so that the specific growth rate and survival rate of rainbow trout can be maintained while reducing the amount of fish meal.

[0010] Furthermore, the fat source raw material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 to 13.5 parts of fish oil and 2 parts of soybean lecithin.

[0011] Furthermore, the sugar source raw material consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 3 parts of flour and 11 parts of cassava starch.

[0012] Furthermore, the functional amino acids include 0.22-0.32 parts of DL-methionine, 0.29-0.79 parts of lysine hydrochloride, 0.01-0.04 parts of cysteine, 0-0.39 parts of threonine, 0-0.76 parts of arginine, 0.16-0.45 parts of histidine, 0-0.38 parts of isoleucine, 0-0.41 parts of leucine, 0-0.29 parts of phenylalanine, and 0-0.56 parts of valine.

[0013] In a specific embodiment of the present invention:

[0014] Each kilogram of the multivitamin is composed of the following raw materials: 25 mg of thiamine; 1.20 mg of biotin; 45 mg of riboflavin; 20 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride; 120 mg of α-tocopherol; 0.1 mg of vitamin B12; 10 mg of vitamin K3; 5 mg of cholecalciferol; 800 mg of inositol; 150 mg of ethoxyquin; 20 mg of folic acid; 60 mg of pantothenic acid; 2000 mg of ascorbic acid; 200 mg of niacin; 2500 mg of choline chloride; 32 mg of retinal acetate; and 14.012 g of semolina.

[0015] Each kilogram of the composite mineral is composed of the following raw materials: 2 mg NaF; 0.8 mg KI; 100 mg NaCl; 50 mg CoCl2·6H2O (1%); 3000 mg Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O; 10 mg CuSO4·5H2O; 1200 mg MgSO4·7H2O; 80 mg FeSO4·H2O; 60 mg MnSO4·H2O; 50 mg ZnSO4·H2O; and 15.447 g zeolite.

[0016] The antioxidant is vitamin C.

[0017] Furthermore, the nutritional components of the compound feed of the present invention include, by mass percentage, 50.15-50.62% protein, 18.32-19.23% fat, 8.63-10.41% ash, and 7.36-8.53% moisture.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the protein source raw material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken gizzard lining residue, 6.3 parts of soy protein isolate, and 6 parts of soybean meal; the fat source raw material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12.66 parts of fish oil and 2 parts of soy lecithin; the sugar source raw material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of flour and 11 parts of cassava starch;

[0019] The functional amino acids include 0.25 parts of DL-methionine, 0.41 parts of lysine hydrochloride, 0.02 parts of cysteine, 0.29 parts of threonine, 0.57 parts of arginine, 0.23 parts of histidine, 0.29 parts of isoleucine, 0.31 parts of leucine, 0.22 parts of phenylalanine, and 0.42 parts of valine.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The compound feed of the present invention is formed on the basis of comprehensive and systematic research on the nutritional requirements of rainbow trout and repeated comparative tests; the present invention adopts the residue of chicken gizzard lining to replace part of the fish meal, and combines other raw material components, so that the compound feed can maintain the specific growth rate of rainbow trout while reducing the amount of fish meal, and at the same time improve the natural immunity and anti-stress ability of the fish body, thereby improving the survival rate;

[0022] The results of long-term feeding experiments show that, when rainbow trout are cultured with the compound feed of the present invention, the fish have strong feeding ability, good vitality, fast growth rate, high survival rate and strong disease resistance during the entire breeding process; according to the experimental results, the best feeding effect is achieved when 10% of the chicken gizzard lining medicine residue is used to replace fish meal in an equal amount.

[0023] Therefore, the compound feed of the present invention can effectively solve the problems of insufficient supply of fish meal and high feed production cost due to large amount of fish meal, realize the rapid and sustainable development of rainbow trout breeding industry chain, and has great economic and social benefits.

[0024] 2. The present invention uses the chicken's gizzard lining residue in rainbow trout compound feed, which not only reduces the amount of fish meal and reduces the feed cost, but also provides a new way for resource utilization of the chicken's gizzard lining residue, achieving the effect of waste utilization.

[0025] 3. The compound feed of the present invention contains multiple protein sources and supplements some of the essential amino acids that are in short supply, thereby ensuring the protein requirement for the growth of rainbow trout, which is beneficial to improving feed utilization, reducing ammonia nitrogen emissions, and reducing environmental pollution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is further elaborated in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, which are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. The test methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the raw materials used are raw materials available from commercial sources unless otherwise specified; wherein, the chicken gizzard lining drug residues are the drug residues after the chicken gizzard lining is extracted with active ingredients, and are provided by Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

[0027] The rainbow trout compound feeds of the positive control group and Examples 1 to 5 were prepared according to the feed formula in Table 1 (the positive control group was the existing rainbow trout compound feed); and the nutritional components of the rainbow trout compound feeds were tested and analyzed, as shown in Table 2.

[0028] The multivitamins used in the feed formula are composed of the following raw materials: thiamine 25mg / kg; biotin 1.20mg / kg; riboflavin 45mg / kg; pyridoxine hydrochloride 20mg / kg; α-tocopherol 120mg / kg; vitamin B12 0.1mg / kg; vitamin K3 10mg / kg; cholecalciferol 5mg / kg; inositol 800mg / kg; ethoxyquin 150mg / kg; folic acid 20mg / kg; pantothenic acid 60mg / kg; ascorbic acid 2000mg / kg; niacin 200mg / kg; choline chloride 2500mg / kg; retinal acetate 32mg / kg; semolina 14.012g / kg;

[0029] The complex minerals used in the feed formula are composed of the following raw materials: NaF, 2 mg / kg; KI, 0.8 mg / kg; NaCl, 100 mg / kg; CoCl2·6H2O (1%), 50 mg / kg; Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, 3000 mg / kg; CuSO4·5H2O, 10 mg / kg; MgSO4·7H2O, 1200 mg / kg; FeSO4·H2O, 80 mg / kg; MnSO4·H2O, 60 mg / kg; ZnSO4·H2O, 50 mg / kg; zeolite, 15.447 g / kg.

[0030] The preparation method of the feed is as follows: all the dry raw materials are crushed and passed through a 60-mesh standard sieve, weighed according to the feed formula table, and poured into a VALVA-30-1S mixer for stirring. During the stirring process, 35% (volume / weight) of purified water and liquid raw materials are added. After sufficient stirring, the mixture is processed into a 2.5mm diameter pellet feed by a VALVA60-III twin-screw extruder, and then air-dried in an air-conditioned room at 16°C until the moisture content is less than 10%. The dried feed is sealed and stored in a -20°C refrigerator until use.

[0031] Table 1 Positive control group and Examples 1 to 5 rainbow trout compound feed formula

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] Table 2 Analysis of nutritional components of the positive control group and Examples 1 to 5 rainbow trout compound feed (by dry weight)

[0035] Element Positive control group Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Moisture (%) 9.19 7.36 7.72 7.41 8.53 8.23 protein(%) 50.43 50.28 50.53 50.27 50.15 50.62 Fat(%) 18.99 18.66 18.32 19.23 18.43 18.77 Ash content (%) 11.19 10.41 9.84 9.37 9.15 8.63

[0036] From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the rainbow trout compound feeds of Examples 1 to 5 contain 50.15-50.62% protein, 18.32-19.23% fat, 8.63-10.41% ash, and 7.36-8.53% moisture, wherein the protein and fat contents are equivalent to those of the positive control group.

[0037] Breeding experiment

[0038] The present invention uses the rainbow trout compound feed of the positive control group and Examples 1 to 5, respectively, and uses a total of 720 rainbow trout fry of the same specifications, which are randomly distributed into 24 cages (specifications are 3m×3m×2m, 4 cages per treatment, and 30 fish in each cage). The fish are fed twice a day at 7:00 and 17:00, and the breeding time lasts for 56 consecutive natural days. The water temperature during the breeding period is 7-9°C, and the dissolved oxygen is 8-9 mg / L. After the breeding is completed, the effect of the feed of the present invention is compared with that of the positive control group, and the results are shown in Table 3;

[0039] Wherein, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate and feed coefficient are calculated according to the following formulas:

[0040] Weight gain rate (%) = 100 × (final weight - initial weight) / initial weight;

[0041] Specific growth rate = 100 × (ln final weight - ln initial weight) / number of days of feeding;

[0042] Survival rate (%) = 100 × final number / initial number;

[0043] Feed coefficient = weight of feed fed / weight of fish gained.

[0044] All data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using SPSS, and Duncan's multiple comparison test was used to test the significance of the results (confidence level 95%). The results are presented as "mean ± standard error".

[0045] Table 3 Feeding effect of the positive control group and the rainbow trout compound feeds of Examples 1 to 5

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Note: For the same row of results, different letters in the shoulders indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), while the same letters or no shoulders indicate no significant differences (P > 0.05).

[0049] The above-mentioned Examples 1 to 5 are formulas of rainbow trout compound feed obtained by the present invention for using chicken gizzard lining dregs to replace fish meal; from the results in Table 3, it can be seen that Examples 1 to 5 gradually reduce the amount of fish meal used and increase the content of chicken gizzard lining dregs, wherein the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate and feed coefficient of Examples 1 and 2 are comparable to those of the positive control group. This shows that the effect of the rainbow trout compound feed of the present invention on culturing rainbow trout is not inferior to the existing rainbow trout feed, and therefore can effectively solve the current problem of insufficient supply of fish meal and high feed production cost due to large amount of fish meal.

[0050] The present invention may be summarized in other specific forms that do not violate the spirit or main features of the present invention. The above embodiments of the present invention can only be regarded as an explanation of the present invention rather than a limitation. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rainbow trout compound feed using chicken gizzard lining residues to replace fish meal, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 61.6-62.3 parts of protein source raw materials, 14.3-14.6 parts of fat source raw materials, 14 parts of sugar source raw materials, 1 part of complex vitamins, 1 part of complex minerals, 3.01-3.47 parts of functional amino acids, 0.5 parts of antioxidants, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of sodium alginate, 0.05 parts of astaxanthin, and 0.88-1.74 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; The protein source raw material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of chicken gizzard lining residue, 5.6-6.3 parts of soy protein isolate, and 6 parts of soybean meal; The functional amino acids include 0.22-0.25 parts of DL-methionine, 0.29-0.41 parts of lysine hydrochloride, 0.01-0.02 parts of cysteine, 0.29-0.39 parts of threonine, 0.57-0.76 parts of arginine, 0.16-0.23 parts of histidine, 0.29-0.38 parts of isoleucine, 0.31-0.41 parts of leucine, 0.22-0.29 parts of phenylalanine, and 0.42-0.56 parts of valine.

2. The rainbow trout compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fat source raw material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12.3-12.6 parts of fish oil and 2 parts of soybean lecithin.

3. The rainbow trout compound feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sugar source raw material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of flour and 11 parts of cassava starch.

4. The rainbow trout compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multivitamin is composed of the following raw materials: thiamine: 25 mg / kg; biotin: 1.20 mg / kg; riboflavin: 45 mg / kg; pyridoxine hydrochloride: 20 mg / kg; α-tocopherol: 120 mg / kg; vitamin B12: 0.1 mg / kg; vitamin K3: 10 mg / kg; cholecalciferol: 5 mg / kg; inositol: 800 mg / kg; ethoxyquin: 150 mg / kg; folic acid: 20 mg / kg; pantothenic acid: 60 mg / kg; ascorbic acid: 2000 mg / kg; niacin: 200 mg / kg; choline chloride: 2500 mg / kg; retinyl acetate: 32 mg / kg; and semolina: 14.012 g / kg.

5. The rainbow trout compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The composite mineral is composed of the following raw materials: NaF: 2mg / kg; KI: 0.8mg / kg; NaCl: 100mg / kg; 1% CoCl2·6H2O: 50mg / kg; Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O: 3000mg / kg; CuSO4·5H2O: 10mg / kg; MgSO4·7H2O: 1200mg / kg; FeSO4·H2O: 80mg / kg; MnSO4·H2O: 60mg / kg; ZnSO4·H2O: 50mg / kg; zeolite: 15.447g / kg.

6. The rainbow trout compound feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The antioxidant is vitamin C.

7. The rainbow trout compound feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The nutrients by mass percentage include: protein 50.28~50.53%, fat 18.32~18.66%, ash 9.84~10.41%, and moisture 7.36~7.72%.

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