A multi-stage magnetic separator for lithium battery recycling

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-stage magnetic separator for recycling lithium batteries, which effectively solves the problem that the magnetic material is not in sufficient contact with the magnetic separation component and multi-stage magnetic separation cannot be performed; the technical solution thereof comprises a fixed funnel and a shell located below the funnel, a cylinder which can move up and down is arranged in the funnel, a support rod which can move up and down is installed at the axis of the cylinder, an end cover which is located below the cylinder is installed at the lower end of the support rod, and the end cover which is located below the cylinder can be closed by the end cover when the support rod moves upward; a plurality of ropes are connected between the lower end of the cylinder and the end cover; a rotatable material dividing plate is installed at the lower end of the end cover; a plurality of radial guide rods are evenly distributed on the circumference of the side wall of the cylinder, the guide rods can move back and forth and reset toward the support rods, an arc-shaped scraper is fixed to the outer end of each guide rod, and after the support rod rises, a plurality of guide rods can be driven to move outward so that the scraper contacts the inner wall of the shell, and the invention can fully screen the magnetic material in the material through secondary screening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of metal material recycling, in particular to a multi-stage magnetic separator for recycling lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] All kinds of rechargeable batteries will have the problem of reduced efficiency after long-term use. Batteries that have reached the end of their cycle need to be recycled because they contain toxic substances and valuable materials. In particular, the rapid development of new energy vehicles in recent years has led to the large-scale retirement of power batteries, which has also increased the demand for battery recycling.

[0003] At present, battery recycling mainly adopts mechanical crushing to crush the single battery into powders of different particle sizes. Then, by taking advantage of the differences in physical properties between the components, methods such as wind separation, magnetic separation, and current separation are used to separate plastic, aluminum, iron, copper, and electrode materials with high content of valuable metals.

[0004] Although the existing magnetic separation equipment can realize simple magnetic separation operations, it still has the problems of poor separation effect and incomplete separation. The reason is that, on the one hand, the magnetic material and the non-magnetic material in the crushed powder after the waste battery crushing process are mixed with each other, which makes the magnetic material unable to fully contact with the magnetic separation roller, resulting in missed selection; on the other hand, the effective distance of the magnetic force is short, and the material of the existing roller-type magnetic separation device is accumulated on the top, which is prone to excessive accumulation, resulting in incomplete magnetic separation and poor separation effect.

[0005] In this regard, patent document CN115055282B discloses an automatic magnetic separation device for battery crushing powder, which increases the magnetic separation path of the material by changing the traditional horizontal layout to a vertical layout, and uses vibration to make the magnetic material fully contact with the magnetic separation roller; however, it still essentially adopts the method of magnetic separation roller, and the material and the magnetic separation roller are still in linear contact, and the material in the device needs to pass through the supporting net layer by layer, which is bound to cause the material to descend extremely slowly, and even cause blockage. It pays too much attention to the magnetic separation effect and ignores the requirement of magnetic separation speed.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for a device with both magnetic separation effect and magnetic separation speed. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above situation, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage magnetic separator for lithium battery recycling, which can effectively solve the problem of insufficient contact between magnetic materials and magnetic separation components and inability to perform multi-stage magnetic separation.

[0008] The technical solution includes a fixed funnel and a shell located below the funnel. A cylinder that can move up and down is arranged in the funnel. A support rod that can move up and down is installed at the axis of the cylinder. An end cover located below the cylinder is installed at the lower end of the support rod. The support rod moves upward to enable the end cover to close the lower end of the cylinder. A plurality of ropes are connected between the lower end of the cylinder and the end cover.

[0009] A rotatable material distribution disc is installed at the lower end of the end cover;

[0010] A plurality of radial guide rods are evenly distributed on the circumference of the side wall of the cylinder. The guide rods can move back and forth and reset toward the support rod. An arc-shaped scraper is fixed to the outer end of each guide rod. When the support rod rises, it can drive the plurality of guide rods to move outward, so that the scraper contacts the inner wall of the shell.

[0011] A magnetic suction cylinder is sheathed on the side wall of the upper part of the shell, a magnetic suction roller is arranged in the middle part of the shell in the front-to-back direction, a tray is arranged below the magnetic suction roller, a brush in contact with the magnetic suction roller is arranged on the tray, a pipe is connected below the tray, and the lower end of the pipe is placed outside the shell.

[0012] The outer edge surface of the magnetic roller is provided with a plurality of grooves in the front-rear direction, the middle part of the magnetic roller is made of non-magnetic material, the two sides of the magnetic roller are made of permanent magnet material, and the magnetic roller is driven by a motor to rotate clockwise.

[0013] A conical block is fixed at the lower end of the support rod, and the inner end of each guide rod is a spherical body, which contacts the outer edge surface of the conical block.

[0014] A rack is arranged on the right side of the support rod, and a gear meshing with the rack is arranged on the cylinder, and the gear is driven to reciprocate by a motor; a plurality of cross bars are arranged on the support rod, and a ball is arranged at the outer end of each cross bar, and the ball contacts the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0015] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1. Through secondary screening, the magnetic substances in the material can be fully screened. 2. By utilizing the rise and fall of the support rod, the effect of magnetic separation when descending and scraping when rising is achieved, and intermittent continuous operation is realized. 3. By utilizing the effect of centrifugal force, the material can fully impact the inner wall of the shell, and the magnetic substance is in full contact with the inner wall of the shell, which has a good magnetic separation effect. 4. The screened material can be screened again by the magnetic suction roller under the shell to ensure the screening effect. 5. The material flow speed of the entire device is fast and the processing effect is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is the front view of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention (magnetic selection state).

[0018] Figure 3 It is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention (slag discharge state).

[0019] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the housing of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Middle AA section view.

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle. Implementation

[0022] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Depend on Figures 1 to 6 The present invention comprises a fixed funnel 1 and a shell 2 located below the funnel 1. A cylinder 3 that can move up and down is arranged in the funnel 1. A support rod 4 that can move up and down is installed at the axis of the cylinder 3. An end cover 5 located below the cylinder 3 is installed at the lower end of the support rod 4. The support rod 4 moves upward to enable the end cover 5 to close the lower end of the cylinder 3. A plurality of ropes 6 are connected between the lower end of the cylinder 3 and the end cover 5.

[0024] A rotatable material distribution plate 7 is installed at the lower end of the end cover 5;

[0025] A plurality of radial guide rods 8 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the side wall of the cylinder 3. The guide rods 8 can move back and forth and reset toward the support rod 4. An arc-shaped scraper 9 is fixed to the outer end of each guide rod 8. After the support rod 4 rises, it can drive the plurality of guide rods 8 to move outward, so that the scraper 9 contacts the inner wall of the shell 2.

[0026] A magnetic suction cylinder 10 is sheathed on the side wall of the upper part of the shell 2, a magnetic suction roller 11 is arranged in the middle part of the shell 2 in the front-to-back direction, a tray 12 is arranged below the magnetic suction roller 11, a brush 13 in contact with the magnetic suction roller 11 is arranged on the tray 12, a pipe 14 is connected to the bottom of the tray 12, and the lower end of the pipe 14 is placed on the outside of the shell 2.

[0027] In order to facilitate magnetic attraction, a plurality of grooves 15 in the front-to-back direction are arranged on the outer edge surface of the magnetic attraction roller 11. The middle part of the magnetic attraction roller 11 is made of non-magnetic material, and the two sides of the magnetic attraction roller 11 are made of permanent magnet material. The magnetic attraction roller 11 is driven by a motor to rotate clockwise.

[0028] In order to enable the support rod 4 to move the multiple guide rods 8 outward after rising, a conical block 16 is fixed to the lower end of the support rod 4. The inner end of each guide rod 8 is a spherical body, which contacts the outer edge surface of the conical block 16.

[0029] In order to realize the up and down reciprocating movement of the support rod 4, a rack 17 is arranged on the right side of the support rod 4, and a gear 18 meshing with the rack 17 is arranged on the cylinder 3, and the gear 18 is driven by the motor to reciprocate; a plurality of cross bars 19 are arranged on the support rod 4, and a ball 20 is arranged on the outer end of each cross bar 19, and the ball 20 contacts the inner wall of the cylinder 3.

[0030] In order to realize the rotation of the material distribution plate 7, the material distribution plate 7 is rotated by being driven by a motor, and a mounting groove is provided at the lower end of the conical block 16, and the motor is installed in the mounting groove.

[0031] In order to enable the scraper 9 to fully scrape the side wall of the shell 2, the guide rods 8 are set in three, and the scrapers 9 are also set in corresponding three, and the three scrapers 9 are staggered in height. A support sleeve corresponding to each guide rod 8 is fixed on the cylinder 3, and the support sleeve is sleeved outside the guide rod 8, and a compression spring 21 is provided on the guide rod 8.

[0032] In order to adjust the friction between the cylinder 3 and the funnel 1 , a plurality of clamping bolts 22 are provided on the funnel 1 .

[0033] In order to facilitate the installation of the magnetic roller 11, the cross section of the upper part of the shell 2 is circular, and the cross section of the lower part is square.

[0034] In order to make the magnetic tube 10 magnetic, the magnetic tube 10 is a permanent magnet with its own magnetism, and the upper end of the magnetic tube 10 is lower than the upper end of the shell 2.

[0035] In order to ensure that when the support rod descends, the cylinder can descend together with the support rod and then stop, the upper part of the cylinder has a large outer diameter and the lower part has a small outer diameter.

[0036] The present invention has two states, magnetic separation state, such as attached Figure 2 As shown; slag discharge status, as shown in the attached Figure 3 shown.

[0037] Magnetic separation state: At this time, the support rod and the cylinder move from top to bottom at the same time; at this time, the material distribution plate and the lower end of the cylinder are placed inside the shell, and the scraper is also inside the shell. At the same time, the lower end of the scraper is consistent with the lower end of the magnetic suction cylinder, and the height of the material distribution plate is higher than the height of the scraper.

[0038] Slag discharge state: At this time, the support rod and the cylinder move from bottom to top at the same time; at this time, the scraper will be placed above the shell and detach from the shell.

[0039] The method of using the present invention is as follows: the crushed material is added through a funnel, see attached Figure 2The state is the magnetic separation state. At this time, the material will enter the cylinder from the funnel, and then flow out from the lower end of the cylinder through the cylinder diversion. At this time, there is still a certain distance between the end cover and the lower end of the cylinder, that is, the length of the rope. Therefore, the mixed material will flow out from the gap between the cylinder and the end cover and flow into the distribution plate. Because the distribution plate is in a rotating state driven by the motor; after the material is poured onto the distribution plate, it will be poured around at a certain speed under the action of centrifugal force.

[0040] The part of the shell corresponding to the magnetic cylinder is made of stainless steel, and the rest is made of aluminum alloy; therefore, the part corresponding to the magnetic cylinder will be magnetized and have magnetic properties. At this time, the centrifuged material will be poured into the magnetized area on the inner wall of the shell, where the magnetic material will be adsorbed, and the rest of the material will flow down along the side wall of the shell and continue to be magnetically separated by the inner wall of the shell.

[0041] Support rod rising process:

[0042] When more magnetic substances are attached to the inside of the shell, the support rod will move upward driven by the gears. Due to the friction between the cylinder and the funnel, the cylinder will remain motionless at first, and the support rod will rise and drive the end cover to rise. After the end cover closes the lower end of the cylinder, the end cover will drive the cylinder to rise together. During the rising process, the lower end of the cylinder is closed, that is, the material is stopped.

[0043] At the same time, in the initial stage of the support rod rising, the cylinder does not move, and the conical block on the support rod will squeeze the inner ends of multiple guide rods, causing the multiple guide rods to move outward at the same time, and the scrapers at the outer ends of the guide rods will also move outward and contact the inner wall of the shell; the three scrapers are in a state of high and low displacement, and the arc length of the scrapers is greater than 1 / 3 of the arc length inside the shell, so after the three scrapers contact the inner wall of the shell, they can completely cover the inner wall of the shell.

[0044] Then the support rod, cylinder and scraper will move upward at the same time, and the scraper will be used to scrape the magnetic material attached to the inner wall of the shell; until the magnetic material is completely separated from the shell, the magnetic material will flow to the outside of the shell and be collected uniformly.

[0045] Support rod lowering process:

[0046] Then, the support rod begins to descend. Since the outer diameter of the upper part of the cylinder is large and the outer diameter of the lower part is small, the cylinder will descend together under the action of its own weight in the early stage of the descending process. When the lower end of the cylinder corresponds to the upper end of the shell, the upper part of the cylinder will contact the clamping bolt. Therefore, the cylinder will no longer descend, and the support rod will descend alone. At this time, the support rod descends relative to the cylinder, and the cone block no longer squeezes the guide rod, so that the guide rod resets inward; the gap between the end cover and the lower end of the cylinder will gradually increase, and the material can flow out from the gap between the end cover and the cylinder again. And continue to be dispersed by the material distribution plate.

[0047] As the materials are dispersed, the support rod continues to descend until the rope is tightened, at which time the cylinder will be pulled down together, restoring the entire device to the magnetic separation state.

[0048] During the descent, the material is continuously dispersed, and the material distribution plate is still continuously descending, which can achieve the effect of layered adsorption in the upper and lower layers within the action range of the magnetic suction cylinder. This can avoid the decrease in adsorption effect caused by continuous dispersion of materials at the same position, and improve the separation effect of magnetic separation.

[0049] In summary, by lowering the support rod, the material channel can be opened (the lower end of the cylinder), and the material is scattered to the inner wall of the shell under the action of centrifugal force, so that the magnetic material inside is adsorbed on the inner wall of the shell, thereby avoiding the problem of insufficient release of the magnetic material and the magnetic attraction part in the traditional magnetic separation device. Centrifugation can ensure that the magnetic material fully hits the side wall of the shell and then is adsorbed; at the same time, it can also descend while dispersing, thereby achieving the effect of evenly dispersing the material within the effective magnetic attraction range, thereby improving the effect of magnetic separation.

[0050] As the support rod rises, the material channel (cylinder) can be closed, and the scraper can then move outward to clean the inside of the shell and push the cleaned magnetic material to the outside of the shell, thus achieving timely separation of the magnetic material.

[0051] Secondary magnetic separation:

[0052] As the material continues to fall, it will be scattered above the magnetic roller for secondary magnetic filtration. A small amount of magnetic material in the material can be adsorbed by the magnetic roller, and as the magnetic roller rotates, the magnetic material on the magnetic roller will be blocked by the brush and remain in the tray, flowing along the pipeline to the outside of the shell. Therefore, the middle part of the magnetic roller is made of non-magnetic material, and the two sides are permanent magnets. Therefore, the brush will gradually push and accumulate the magnetic material during the brushing process until the brush corresponds to the non-magnetic material in the magnetic roller, and the magnetic material blocked by the brush will fall and flow along the pipeline. The special design of the magnetic roller makes it convenient for the brush to clean the magnetic roller. At the same time, the design of the groove on the outer edge of the magnetic roller can also make the magnetic material remain in the groove to avoid being washed to the bottom of the shell with the flow of the material; only when the brush is used to clean can the magnetic material in the groove be cleaned out, further improving the efficiency of sorting.

[0053] This device uses secondary filtration, that is, the side wall of the shell is magnetized by a vertical magnetic suction cylinder above, and the material is made to collide with the side wall of the shell under the action of centrifugation to achieve adsorption; it has the effect of primary separation, and then the magnetic separation of the magnetic suction roller is used to carry out secondary magnetic separation, and the remaining magnetic materials are screened again to ensure the effect of magnetic separation.

[0054] The material in the device can flow fully, and the above-mentioned two-level filtration will not block the material too much, thus ensuring the material processing speed.

[0055] In this device, the side wall of the shell is magnetized by a magnetic suction cylinder, and the material flies toward the shell at a certain speed, which can ensure that all the materials are in full contact with the shell. For materials that are not magnetic, they will be rebounded or flow directly downward; while for magnetic materials, they will be adsorbed, realizing full screening of the materials.

[0056] In this device, the material can fly around and fall at the same time, ensuring uniform distribution within the effective magnetic separation range, improving the magnetic separation capacity and avoiding accumulation.

Claims

1. A multi-stage magnetic separator for recycling lithium batteries, comprising a fixed hopper (1) and a housing (2) located below the hopper (1), characterized in that: A cylinder (3) that can move up and down is arranged in the funnel (1); a support rod (4) that can move up and down is installed at the axis of the cylinder (3); an end cover (5) located below the cylinder (3) is installed at the lower end of the support rod (4); the support rod (4) moves upward so that the end cover (5) can close the lower end of the cylinder (3); a plurality of ropes (6) are connected between the lower end of the cylinder (3) and the end cover (5); A rotatable material distribution plate (7) is mounted at the lower end of the end cover (5); A plurality of radial guide rods (8) are evenly distributed on the circumference of the side wall of the cylinder (3). The guide rods (8) can move back and forth and return to the support rod (4). An arc-shaped scraper (9) is fixed to the outer end of each guide rod (8). When the support rod (4) rises, it can drive the plurality of guide rods (8) to move outward, so that the scraper (9) contacts the inner wall of the shell (2); A magnetic suction cylinder (10) is sleeved on the side wall of the upper portion of the shell (2); a magnetic suction roller (11) is arranged in the middle portion of the shell (2) in the front-rear direction; a tray (12) is arranged below the magnetic suction roller (11); a brush (13) in contact with the magnetic suction roller (11) is arranged on the tray (12); a pipe (14) is connected below the tray (12); and the lower end of the pipe (14) is placed outside the shell (2); The magnetic suction cylinder (10) is a permanent magnet with its own magnetism, and the upper end of the magnetic suction cylinder (10) is lower than the upper end of the housing (2); The upper part of the cylinder (3) has a larger outer diameter, and the lower part has a smaller outer diameter.

2. A lithium battery recycling multi-stage magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer edge surface of the magnetic roller (11) is provided with a plurality of grooves (15) in the front-rear direction, the middle portion of the magnetic roller (11) is made of non-magnetic material, and both sides of the magnetic roller (11) are made of permanent magnet material. The magnetic roller (11) is driven by a motor to rotate clockwise.

3. A lithium battery recycling multi-stage magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conical block (16) is fixed to the lower end of the support rod (4), and the inner end of each guide rod (8) is a spherical body, which contacts the outer edge surface of the conical block (16).

4. A lithium battery recycling multi-stage magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rack (17) is arranged on the right side of the support rod (4), and a gear (18) meshing with the rack (17) is arranged on the cylinder (3), and the gear (18) is driven by a motor to reciprocate; a plurality of cross bars (19) are arranged on the support rod (4), and a ball (20) is arranged at the outer end of each cross bar (19), and the ball (20) contacts the inner wall of the cylinder (3).

5. A lithium battery recycling multi-stage magnetic separator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material distribution plate (7) is driven to rotate by a motor, and a mounting groove is provided at the lower end of the conical block (16), and the motor is mounted in the mounting groove.

6. A lithium battery recycling multi-stage magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rods (8) are arranged in three numbers, and the scrapers (9) are also arranged in three numbers corresponding thereto, and the three scrapers (9) are mutually staggered in height; a support sleeve corresponding to each guide rod (8) is fixed on the cylinder (3), and the support sleeve is sleeved outside the guide rod (8); and a compression spring (21) is arranged on the guide rod (8).

7. A lithium battery recycling multi-stage magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The funnel (1) is provided with a plurality of clamping bolts (22).

8. A multi-stage magnetic separator for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the upper part of the shell (2) is circular, and the cross section of the lower part is square.

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