In-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloy composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof. The nickel-based alloy composite material comprises a nickel-based alloy matrix, in-situ strengthening phases WC and Al2O3 distributed on the nickel-based alloy matrix, and a toughening phase W2AlC. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing WO3 powder and Al powder by ball milling to obtain a WO3 / Al mixed powder; (2) sputtering a carbon layer on the surface of the WO3 / Al mixed powder by an ion sputtering process to obtain a WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with the carbon layer; (3) mixing the WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with the carbon layer with a nickel-based alloy powder by ball milling to obtain a nickel-based alloy composite material powder; and (4) in an argon protection environment, using a selective laser melting process, using a high-energy laser beam to scan and shape the nickel-based alloy composite material powder, so that an in-situ reaction occurs between WO3 / Al / C to generate an in-situ strengthening phase WC and Al2O3 phase and a toughening phase W2AlC. The in-situ reinforcing phases WC and Al2O3 and the toughening phase W2AlC in the nickel-based alloy composite material of the present invention can effectively improve the strength, plasticity, toughness and mechanical processing performance of the composite material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, and in particular to an in-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nickel-based superalloys have high strength and good oxidation and corrosion resistance in the range of 650-1000℃, and can work in high temperature environments for a long time. Therefore, nickel-based superalloy materials are widely used in the manufacture of important parts such as turbine disks and gas turbines of aerospace engines, and are irreplaceable basic materials in the aerospace field. With the development of modern science and technology, especially the rapid development of aviation and electricity and the emergence of emerging industries such as large-scale atomic energy utilization, higher and higher requirements are placed on materials, and pure nickel-based superalloy materials are difficult to effectively meet the performance requirements of the development of modern aviation industry.

[0003] In recent years, ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composites can combine the properties of metals (such as good plasticity, toughness, formability, and excellent heat transfer and electrical conductivity) with the characteristics of ceramics (such as high hardness, high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, and low thermal expansion coefficient). Therefore, particle reinforced metal matrix composites have higher specific strength, specific stiffness, thermal stability, and heat resistance than matrix alloys. The selection of reinforcement and nickel-based alloy matrix has a great influence on the performance of its composite materials. For example, the reinforcement of common ceramic reinforced nickel-based alloy composites is divided into high melting point metal compounds (TiC, TiN, ZrB, WC, etc.) and non-metallic refractory compounds (B4C, SiC, BN, Si3N4, etc.). However, the existing ceramic particle reinforced nickel-based composite materials mainly show the improvement of their strength, but the plastic toughness decreases, which in turn affects the improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite materials, resulting in restrictions on their wide application. Therefore, how to achieve the synergistic improvement of strength and plastic toughness of ceramic particle reinforced nickel-based composite materials is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently for current high-performance nickel-based composite materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The present invention aims to provide a titanium alloy composite material having excellent interface wettability and in-situ wide temperature range wear resistance, and the present invention also provides a preparation method of the nickel-based alloy.

[0005] Technical solution: The in-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloy composite material described in the present invention comprises a nickel-based alloy matrix, in-situ strengthening phases WC and Al2O3 distributed on the nickel-based alloy matrix, and a toughening phase W2AlC.

[0006] Furthermore, the raw materials of the nickel-based alloy composite material include nickel-based alloy powder and WO3 / Al mixed powder wrapped in a carbon layer, the mass ratio of WO3 to Al is 1:2.3-2.5, the thickness of the carbon layer is 200-1000nm, the amount ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the WO3 / Al mixed powder wrapped in the carbon layer is 8-15:1, and the nickel-based alloy is one or more of Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Nb, and Ni-Cr-Mo.

[0007] Furthermore, the in-situ reinforcing phases WC, Al2O3 and toughening phase W2AlC are formed by in-situ reaction of WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with a carbon layer under the action of a high-energy laser beam.

[0008] The method for preparing the in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) mixing WO3 powder and Al powder by ball milling to obtain WO3 / Al mixed powder;

[0010] (2) sputtering a carbon layer on the surface of the WO3 / Al mixed powder by an ion sputtering process to obtain a WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with a carbon layer;

[0011] (3) mixing the WO3 / Al mixed powder wrapped with the carbon layer with the nickel-based alloy powder by ball milling to obtain a nickel-based alloy composite material powder;

[0012] (4) In an inert gas protection environment, a selective laser melting process is adopted to scan and form the nickel-based alloy composite material powder using a high-energy laser beam. An in-situ reaction occurs between WO3 / Al / C to generate in-situ reinforcing phases WC and Al2O3 phases and a toughening phase W2AlC, thereby obtaining an in-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloy composite material.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), the parameters of the ion sputtering process are: sputtering power is 250-300W, and sputtering time is 5-30min.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (4), the energy density of the high-energy laser beam is 150-250 J / m, and the inert gas is argon.

[0015] Principle of the invention: The present invention focuses on the manufacture of high-performance ceramic particle reinforced nickel-based alloy composites. In view of the mismatch between high strength and high plasticity and toughness of existing ceramic particle reinforced nickel-based alloy composites, according to the service performance requirements of nickel-based alloys, based on the principles of material metallurgy and the physical properties of nickel-based alloys, WO3 powder and Al powder are ball-milled and mixed, and a carbon layer is sputtered on the surface by an ion sputtering process to obtain a carbon-layer-coated WO3 / Al mixed powder, which is added to the nickel-based alloy powder. Through the heating effect of a high-energy laser beam, the carbon layer absorbs the laser energy and induces an in-situ reaction of 3WO3+7Al+2C→W2AlC+WC+3Al2O3. The formed WC and Al2O3 phases with higher hardness can effectively improve the strength of the nickel-based alloy. At the same time, the generated W2AlC phase with excellent plasticity can significantly improve the decrease in plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based alloy due to the increase in strength, so the high strength and high plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based alloy composites can be effectively improved.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0017] (1) The present invention combines the principles of material design. Through the in-situ reaction under the action of a high-energy laser beam, the WC and Al2O3 phases formed have high hardness and high strength. The two in-situ phases still show high strength at high temperatures, which can effectively improve the strength of the nickel-based alloy. On the other hand, it also effectively avoids the cracking phenomenon of the non-in-situ WC reinforced nickel-based composite material under the action of a high-energy laser beam;

[0018] (2) The W2AlC phase generated in the present invention has a hexagonal layered structure, and its interlayer sliding easily induces dislocations, exhibits good plasticity and toughness, and can effectively improve the plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based alloy composite material. In addition, the layered structure of this phase enables it to have good mechanical processing properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The microstructure diagram of the in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1-WC phase, 2-Al2O3 phase, 3-W2AlC phase;

[0020] Figure 2 The microstructure diagram of the WC-reinforced nickel-based alloy prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 The tensile strength diagram of the in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloys prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 The plastic deformation diagrams of the in-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloys prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings.

[0024] Example 1: The raw materials of the in-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloy composite material described in the present invention include Ni-Cr alloy powder and WO3 / Al mixed powder wrapped in a carbon layer, the mass ratio of WO3 to Al is 1:2.3, the thickness of the carbon layer is 200nm, and the mass ratio of Ni-Cr alloy powder to WO3 / Al mixed powder wrapped in a carbon layer is 8:1.

[0025] The method for preparing the above-mentioned in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material comprises the following steps:

[0026] (1) WO3 powder and Al powder with a mass ratio of 1:2.3 were mixed by ball milling to obtain WO3 / Al mixed powder;

[0027] (2) sputtering a carbon layer with a thickness of 200 nm on the surface of the WO3 / Al mixed powder by an ion sputtering process to obtain a WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with a carbon layer;

[0028] (3) mixing the carbon layer-wrapped WO3 / Al mixed powder and the Ni-Cr alloy powder by ball milling at a mass ratio of 1:8 to obtain a nickel-based alloy composite material powder;

[0029] (4) In an argon protection environment, the selective laser melting process is used to scan and form the nickel-based alloy composite material powder using a high-energy laser beam with an energy density of 150 J / m. An in-situ reaction occurs between WO3 / Al / C to generate in-situ reinforcing phases WC and Al2O3 phases and a toughening phase W2AlC, thereby obtaining an in-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloy composite material.

[0030] Depend on Figure 1 It can be found that the strengthening phase WC, Al2O3 phase and toughening phase W2AlC can be uniformly dispersed in the nickel-based alloy matrix.

[0031] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the nickel-based alloy is Ni-Cr-Nb, and in step (2), the thickness of the carbon layer is 600nm.

[0032] Example 3: The difference from Example 2 is that the mass ratio of the carbon layer-wrapped WO3 / Al mixed powder to the nickel-based alloy powder is 1:12, and in step (4), the energy density of the high-energy laser beam is 250 J / m.

[0033] Example 4: The difference from Example 3 is that the mass ratio of the carbon layer-wrapped WO3 / Al mixed powder to the nickel-based alloy powder is 1:15, the nickel-based alloy is Ni-Cr-Mo, and in step (4), the energy density of the high-energy laser beam is 200 J / m.

[0034] Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 in that step (1) and step (2) are not included, and only WC powder and Ni-Cr alloy with a mass ratio of 1:8 are mixed by ball milling to obtain composite material powder, and then scanned and formed to obtain WC-reinforced nickel-based alloy composite material.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 is different from Example 1 in that step (2) is not included, and only WO3 / Al mixed powder and Ni-Cr alloy are ball-milled in a mass ratio of 1:8 to obtain composite material powder, and then scanned and formed to obtain a nickel-based alloy composite material.

[0036] from Figure 2 It can be found that when Ni-Cr composite materials are reinforced with WC only, cracks appear in WC under the action of high-energy laser beam, which significantly reduces the strengthening effect of WC.

[0037] Figure 3 and 4 The tensile strength diagram and plastic deformation diagram of the in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material manufactured in Examples 1 to 4 are shown. The former is in the range of 1450-1600MPa (the maximum strength of a single WC-reinforced nickel-based composite material is about 1380MPa), and the latter fluctuates between 26-30% (the maximum elongation of a single WC-reinforced nickel-based composite material is about 22%). At the same time, no WC reinforcement phase and W2AlC toughening phase are formed in Comparative Example 2, resulting in a strength of only 1100MPa and an elongation of 20%, which can further illustrate that WC and Al2O3 in the present invention can effectively improve the strength of the nickel-based alloy, and the W2AlC phase can also significantly improve its plasticity, achieving a synergistic improvement in strength and plastic toughness.

Claims

1. An in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material, characterized in that: It comprises a nickel-based alloy matrix, in-situ reinforcement phases WC and Al2O3 and a toughening phase W2AlC distributed on the nickel-based alloy matrix; the in-situ reinforcement phases WC, Al2O3 and toughening phases W2AlC are formed by in-situ reaction of WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with a carbon layer under the action of a high-energy laser beam.

2. The in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the nickel-based alloy composite material include nickel-based alloy powder and WO3 / Al mixed powder wrapped with a carbon layer.

3. The in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of WO3 to Al is 1:2.3-2.5, and the thickness of the carbon layer is 200-1000nm.

4. The in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The amount ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the WO3 / Al mixed powder wrapped by the carbon layer is 8-15:

1.

5. The in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nickel-based alloy is one or more of Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Nb, and Ni-Cr-Mo.

6. A method for preparing the in-situ multiphase toughened nickel-based alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) ball-milling WO3 powder and Al powder to obtain WO3 / Al mixed powder; (2) sputtering a carbon layer on the surface of the WO3 / Al mixed powder by an ion sputtering process to obtain a WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with a carbon layer; (3) ball-milling the WO3 / Al mixed powder coated with the carbon layer and the nickel-based alloy powder to obtain a nickel-based alloy composite powder; (4) In an inert gas protection environment, the selective laser melting process is used to scan and form the nickel-based alloy composite material powder using a high-energy laser beam. An in-situ reaction occurs between WO3 / Al / C to generate in-situ reinforcing phases WC and Al2O3 phases and a toughening phase W2AlC, thereby obtaining an in-situ multiphase strengthened and toughened nickel-based alloy composite material.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), the parameters of the ion sputtering process are: sputtering power is 250-300W, and sputtering time is 5-30 min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (4), the energy density of the high-energy laser beam is 150-250 J / m.

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