A kind of high strength and high toughness aluminum alloy ingot and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot and a preparation method thereof, comprising: weighing raw materials, smelting the raw materials in an electric furnace to obtain alloy liquid; adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, and then performing ultrasonic treatment; casting the treated alloy liquid, naturally cooling the obtained ingot to 200-240°C, then heating to 500-550°C, keeping warm for 6-10h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature. The aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the present invention has the advantages of low cost, simple processing, and high toughness, and is suitable for application in the field of automobile manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and in particular to a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloys have the characteristics of low density, high strength and good plasticity, and are widely used in the field of industrial manufacturing. Among them, aluminum alloys with magnesium and silicon as the main alloying elements have good corrosion resistance, strength and machinability. They can be formed through extrusion, forging, cold working and other processes to produce various complex shaped parts and structural parts. They are mainly used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, construction engineering and other fields. In the field of automobile manufacturing, with the gradual advancement of lightweighting and energy conservation and emission reduction in recent years and the continuous development of technology, the requirements for the performance of parts, especially strength and toughness, have also increased. Although the cost of AlMgSi aluminum alloys is relatively low, there are still obvious deficiencies in strength and toughness. Therefore, the development of a high-strength and high-toughness AlMgSi aluminum alloy material is of great practical significance. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot and a preparation method thereof.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.5-0.7%, Si: 0.35-0.55%, Fe≤0.20%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.1-0.15%, and the balance is Al; smelt the raw materials in an electric furnace to obtain a molten alloy;

[0006] S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, and then performing ultrasonic treatment;

[0007] In terms of mass percentage, the Al-Ti-C refiner comprises: Ti: 4.5-5.5%, C: 0.2-0.6%, and the balance is Al;

[0008] The preparation method of the Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps:

[0009] a. Add graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol and disperse evenly, then add graphite powder and stir thoroughly, and then dry to obtain graphene oxide-graphite composite powder;

[0010] b. Melt industrial pure aluminum at 800-850°C in an electric furnace, then add the aluminum-titanium master alloy, stir thoroughly, then add the graphene oxide-graphite composite powder, stir thoroughly, then heat to 1300-1350°C, keep warm for reaction, and then cast to obtain;

[0011] S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 200-240°C, then heat it to 500-550°C, keep it warm for 6-10h, and then naturally cool it to room temperature.

[0012] Preferably, in step a, the mass ratio of graphene oxide to graphite powder is 1:(5-8).

[0013] Preferably, the average particle size of the graphite powder is 10-40 μm.

[0014] Preferably, in step b, the insulation reaction time is 8-15 min.

[0015] Preferably, in step b, the aluminum-titanium master alloy is at least one of an Al-10Ti alloy, an Al-15Ti alloy, and an Al-20Ti alloy.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, the smelting temperature is 725-735°C.

[0017] Preferably, in S2, the power of ultrasonic treatment is 400-800 W, and the time is 5-10 min.

[0018] Preferably, in S2, the amount of the Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the alloy liquid.

[0019] A high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot is prepared by the preparation method.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The present invention adds an appropriate amount of rare earth Ce to the ingredients of the AlMgSi series aluminum alloy, which can play a role in grain refinement and reduce surface energy, can make the alloy grains more uniform, and increase the number of nuclei in the melt; add Al-Ti-C refiner, and refine under ultrasonic conditions, wherein the Al-Ti-C refiner is prepared by graphene oxide-graphite composite powder prepared by graphene oxide and graphite powder in a suitable ratio as C raw material, and graphene oxide can be uniformly attached to the surface of graphite powder, and refined under conditions coordinated with ultrasound, which can overcome the problem of poor dispersibility of graphene oxide, and improve the wettability of graphite powder and alloy liquid, and synergistically improve the grain refinement effect of aluminum alloy, thereby significantly improving the toughness of aluminum alloy. The AlMgSi series aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the present invention has the advantages of low cost, simple processing, and high toughness, and is suitable for application in the field of automobile manufacturing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.65%, Si: 0.47%, Fe: ≤0.2%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.14%, and the balance is Al; smelt the raw materials in an electric furnace at 730° C. to obtain a molten alloy;

[0026] S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, inserting the probe of ultrasonic equipment into the alloy liquid to a depth of 30 mm, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 minutes at a power of 500 W; wherein the amount of Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.15% of the mass of the alloy liquid;

[0027] In terms of mass percentage, the components of the Al-Ti-C refiner include: Ti: 5%, C: 0.5%, and the balance is Al;

[0028] The preparation method of Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps:

[0029] a. adding graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol and dispersing the mixture evenly, then adding graphite powder and stirring the mixture thoroughly, and drying the mixture to obtain a graphene oxide-graphite composite powder, wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to graphite powder is 1:7;

[0030] b. The industrial pure aluminum was melted at 825°C in an electric furnace, and then the Al-10Ti alloy was added, stirred for 10 minutes, and then the graphene oxide-graphite composite powder was added, stirred for 10 minutes, and then heated to 1320°C, kept warm for 10 minutes, and then cast to obtain;

[0031] S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 230° C., then heat it to 530° C., keep it warm for 8 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain the ingot.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.55%, Si: 0.4%, Fe≤0.20%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.1%, and the balance is Al; melt the raw materials in an electric furnace at 725°C to obtain a molten alloy;

[0035] S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, inserting the probe of ultrasonic equipment into the alloy liquid to a depth of 30 mm, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes at a power of 400 W; wherein the amount of Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.1% of the mass of the alloy liquid;

[0036] In terms of mass percentage, the components of the Al-Ti-C refiner include: Ti: 4.5%, C: 0.2%, and the balance is Al;

[0037] The preparation method of Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps:

[0038] a. adding graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol and dispersing the mixture evenly, then adding graphite powder and stirring the mixture thoroughly, and drying the mixture to obtain a graphene oxide-graphite composite powder, wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to graphite powder is 1:5;

[0039] b. The industrial pure aluminum was melted at 800 ° C in an electric furnace, and then the Al-10Ti alloy was added, stirred for 10 min, and then the graphene oxide-graphite composite powder was added, stirred for 10 min, and then heated to 1300 ° C, kept warm for 15 min, and then cast to obtain;

[0040] S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 200° C., then heat it to 500° C., keep it warm for 10 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.68%, Si: 0.52%, Fe≤0.20%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.15%, and the balance is Al; smelt the raw materials in an electric furnace at 735°C to obtain a molten alloy;

[0044] S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, inserting the probe of ultrasonic equipment into the alloy liquid to a depth of 30 mm, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes at a power of 800 W; wherein the amount of Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.2% of the mass of the alloy liquid;

[0045] In terms of mass percentage, the components of the Al-Ti-C refiner include: Ti: 5.5%, C: 0.6%, and the balance is Al;

[0046] The preparation method of Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps:

[0047] a. adding graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol and dispersing the mixture evenly, then adding graphite powder and stirring the mixture thoroughly, and drying the mixture to obtain a graphene oxide-graphite composite powder, wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to graphite powder is 1:8;

[0048] b. The industrial pure aluminum was melted at 850°C in an electric furnace, and then the Al-10Ti alloy was added, stirred for 10 minutes, and then the graphene oxide-graphite composite powder was added, stirred for 10 minutes, and then heated to 1350°C, kept warm for 8 minutes, and then cast to obtain;

[0049] S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 240° C., then heat it to 550° C., keep it warm for 6 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] A method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.65%, Si: 0.47%, Fe: ≤0.2%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.14%, and the balance is Al; smelt the raw materials in an electric furnace at 730° C. to obtain a molten alloy;

[0053] S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, inserting the probe of ultrasonic equipment into the alloy liquid to a depth of 30 mm, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 minutes at a power of 500 W; wherein the amount of Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.15% of the mass of the alloy liquid;

[0054] In terms of mass percentage, the components of the Al-Ti-C refiner include: Ti: 5%, C: 0.5%, and the balance is Al;

[0055] The preparation method of Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps:

[0056] Industrial pure aluminum is melted at 825℃ in an electric furnace, then Al-10Ti alloy is added, stirred for 10 minutes, then graphite powder is added, stirred for 10 minutes, then heated to 1320℃, kept warm for 10 minutes, and then cast to obtain;

[0057] S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 230° C., then heat it to 530° C., keep it warm for 8 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain the ingot.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] A method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.65%, Si: 0.47%, Fe: ≤0.2%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.14%, and the balance is Al; smelt the raw materials in an electric furnace at 730° C. to obtain a molten alloy;

[0061] S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, and heat-insulating for 8 minutes; wherein the amount of Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.15% of the mass of the alloy liquid;

[0062] In terms of mass percentage, the components of the Al-Ti-C refiner include: Ti: 5%, C: 0.5%, and the balance is Al;

[0063] The preparation method of Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps:

[0064] a. adding graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol and dispersing the mixture evenly, then adding graphite powder and stirring the mixture thoroughly, and drying the mixture to obtain a graphene oxide-graphite composite powder, wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to graphite powder is 1:7;

[0065] b. The industrial pure aluminum was melted at 825°C in an electric furnace, and then the Al-10Ti alloy was added, stirred for 10 minutes, and then the graphene oxide-graphite composite powder was added, stirred for 10 minutes, and then heated to 1320°C, kept warm for 10 minutes, and then cast to obtain;

[0066] S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 230° C., then heat it to 530° C., keep it warm for 8 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain the ingot.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] A method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:

[0069] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.65%, Si: 0.47%, Fe: ≤0.2%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.14%, and the balance is Al; smelt the raw materials in an electric furnace at 730° C. to obtain a molten alloy;

[0070] S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, and heat-insulating for 8 minutes; wherein the amount of Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.15% of the mass of the alloy liquid;

[0071] In terms of mass percentage, the components of the Al-Ti-C refiner include: Ti: 5%, C: 0.5%, and the balance is Al;

[0072] The preparation method of Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps:

[0073] The industrial pure aluminum is melted at 825°C in an electric furnace, and then the Al-10Ti alloy is added, and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes, and then the graphite powder is added, and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes, and then the temperature is raised to 1320°C, and the mixture is kept for reaction for 10 minutes, and then cast to obtain the product;

[0074] S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 230° C., then heat it to 530° C., keep it warm for 8 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain the ingot.

[0075] Test example

[0076] The ingots obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in Table 1:

[0077] Table 1

[0078]

[0079] It can be seen from Table 1 that the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy ingot of the present invention are significantly improved.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass percentage components: Mg: 0.5-0.7%, Si: 0.35-0.55%, Fe≤0.20%, Cu≤0.1%, Mn≤0.1%, Zn≤0.1%, Ti≤0.1%, Ce: 0.1-0.15%, and the balance is Al; smelt the raw materials in an electric furnace to obtain a molten alloy; S2, adding Al-Ti-C refiner to the alloy liquid, stirring evenly, and then performing ultrasonic treatment; the power of ultrasonic treatment is 400-800W, and the time is 5-10min; In terms of mass percentage, the Al-Ti-C refiner comprises: Ti: 4.5-5.5%, C: 0.2-0.6%, and the balance is Al; The preparation method of the Al-Ti-C refiner comprises the following steps: a. Add graphene oxide to anhydrous ethanol and disperse evenly, then add graphite powder and stir thoroughly, and dry to obtain graphene oxide-graphite composite powder; the mass ratio of graphene oxide to graphite powder is 1: (5-8); b. Melt industrial pure aluminum at 800-850°C in an electric furnace, then add the aluminum-titanium master alloy, stir thoroughly, then add the graphene oxide-graphite composite powder, stir thoroughly, then heat to 1300-1350°C, keep warm for reaction, and then cast to obtain; S3. Cast the alloy liquid treated in S2, and naturally cool the obtained ingot to 200-240°C, then heat it to 500-550°C, keep it warm for 6-10h, and then naturally cool it to room temperature.

2. The method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the insulation reaction time is 8-15 minutes.

3. The method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the aluminum-titanium master alloy is at least one of an Al-10Ti alloy, an Al-15Ti alloy, and an Al-20Ti alloy.

4. The method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the smelting temperature is 725-735°C.

5. The method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the amount of the Al-Ti-C refiner is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the alloy liquid.

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