A method for reducing bleeding fluid accumulation and improving the survival rate of sugar apple grafting

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of sugar apple cultivation, and specifically relates to a method for reducing bleeding fluid accumulation and improving the grafting survival rate of sugar apple. The sugar apple grafting method of the present invention can reduce bleeding fluid accumulation by controlling water on the rootstock before and after grafting, and then combining the grafting process with a self-sealing bag that is easy to operate to cover the grafting site with the wound exposed on the cross-section of the rootstock and the scion, which is conducive to guiding the bleeding fluid to flow out, avoiding infection of the grafting site, and facilitating the healing of the grafting site, thereby improving the grafting survival rate. By adopting the grafting method of the present invention, the spike buds of the scion after grafting have a fast germination speed, a fast growth speed of the spike buds, simple and convenient operation, and easy promotion, which greatly promotes the development of the cultivation industry of sugar apple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of sugar apple cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for reducing bleeding sap accumulation and improving the survival rate of sugar apple grafting. Background Art

[0002] The world's Annona germplasm resources are relatively rich. Through years of resource collection, preservation and resistance identification, excellent resistant strains such as the ox-heart Annona have been discovered. Compared with ordinary Annona, these strains can show advantages such as strong growth, developed root system, strong cold resistance, and resistance to root rot in the field. Grafting can give full play to the advantages of each variety, which has a positive promotion for the selection and breeding of Annona varieties.

[0003] Cut grafting is a common grafting method for sugar apples. Usually, the wound of the cut graft needs to be tightly sealed with a grafting film to prevent the evaporation of water from the scion and the rootstock, the scion from being separated from the rootstock due to wind and tree shaking, and the wound infection, so as to accelerate wound healing. However, conventional cut grafting of sugar apples is difficult to heal due to the serious wound flow and accumulation of fluid in the rootstock. As the thickness of the rootstock increases, the wound flow and accumulation of fluid will gradually increase. The wound flow and accumulation of fluid easily make the grafting site difficult to heal, and the grafting survival rate is low.

[0004] The roots of the sugar apple tree are heavily compressed and the sap flow is severe. The tannins in the sap flow can quickly block the exchange of nutrients between the scion and the cambium of the rootstock, and block the supply of nutrients from the rootstock to the scion. Sap flow is one of the key factors affecting the survival rate of sugar apple grafting. Controlling the sap flow is the key technology for the survival of sugar apple grafting. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a method for reducing bleeding fluid accumulation and improving the survival rate of sugar apple grafting. The survival rate of sugar apple grafting can be effectively improved by reducing bleeding fluid through water control and post-grafting management.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0007] A method for grafting sugar apples comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Selection and treatment of rootstock:

[0009] Select a healthy, pest-free, 1 cm diameter sugar apple seedling as the rootstock, cut off the upper part of the rootstock 20-30 cm above the ground 7 days before grafting, and keep 1-2 leaves. After treatment, control the water for later use, and water it enough one day before grafting;

[0010] (2) Selection and treatment of scion:

[0011] Select branches from the top branches or sunny branches of the annual, pest-free, semi-corked sugar apple fruiting mother plant, cut off the branches and leaves 3-4 days before grafting, cut off the top advantage of the scion branches for germination treatment; when grafting, cut the branches into 5-8 cm branch segments, leaving 1-2 full buds on the upper end, cut off the epidermis of the flatter side of the scion, the cut surface is 0.5-1.5 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide, and the depth is just to the wood, and the entire scion is immersed in a fungicide for sterilization treatment, and grafting is carried out after the treatment is completed;

[0012] (3) Grafting:

[0013] Select a position where the stock diameter is slightly larger than the scion to cut the stock, then cut the epidermis of the section, the depth is just to see the wood, the width is 0.5-1cm, put the scion into the peeled wood of the stock, and after the two sides of the cut surface of the scion and the two sides of the cut epidermis of the stock are completely matched, use the grafting film to bind the grafting interface, and the top of the stock and the tail of the scion are not sealed with the grafting film; then use a self-sealing bag from the upper end to the bottom of the interface between the scion and the stock, covering all the cut stock cortex positions to achieve a moisturizing effect;

[0014] (4) Post-grafting management:

[0015] Do not water after grafting is completed. Wait until the soil moisture in the seedling bag reaches semi-dry, then carry out normal water and fertilizer management. Spray clean water first, and then apply fertilizer after the ziplock bag is removed and the scion buds grow stably. When the scion buds grow out, gradually remove the ziplock bags, and at the same time, prune the branches and buds grown on the rootstock in time to ensure that the scion is at the top. Remove the ziplock bag after the scion buds grow stably.

[0016] Furthermore, in the step (1), Annona mume or AP Annona mume is selected as the rootstock; and in the step (2), AP Annona mume is selected as the scion.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step (2), the sterilization treatment is carried out by soaking in a 400 ppm flucythrinate solution for 1-2 minutes.

[0018] Furthermore, in the step (3), the ziplock bag is a 12 cm×18 cm ziplock bag.

[0019] Furthermore, the water control operation in step (1) is as follows: the watering amount is no more than 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the normal watering amount.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step (4), when the bud of the scion grows to about 3 leaves, a corner opening is cut out of the top of the ziplock bag; when the ziplock bag restricts the growth of the bud of the scion, the top of the ziplock bag is completely cut open.

[0021] A method for reducing bleeding sap accumulation and improving the survival rate of sugar apple grafting adopts the above-mentioned grafting method to graft sugar apple.

[0022] Further, select Annona custard apple or AP Annona custard apple as the rootstock, and select AP Annona custard apple as the scion.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] The sugar apple grafting method of the present invention uses the branch on the sugar apple fruiting mother plant as the scion, adopts the method of cutting grafting to be grafted on the stock, by controlling water to the stock before and after grafting, and then combining the grafting process to expose the stock and the scion cross-section wound with a self-sealing bag that is easy to operate to cover the grafting place, not only can the wound flow effusion be reduced, but also it is conducive to guiding the wound flow effusion to flow out, avoid grafting site infection, be conducive to grafting site healing, and improve grafting survival rate. Adopt the grafting method of the present invention, the fringe bud germination speed of the scion after grafting is fast, and the fringe bud growth speed is fast. At the same time, the grafting method of the present invention is simple and convenient to operate, easy to promote, and greatly promotes the development of the cultivation industry of sugar apple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the position of the scion and rootstock after grafting.

[0027] Figure 2 Comparison of the growth status between conventional grafting and improved grafting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] (1) Selection and treatment of rootstock:

[0031] Select healthy, disease-free, insect-free, 1 cm diameter Annona reticulata Linn. seedlings as rootstocks, cut off the upper part of the rootstock 20-30 cm from the ground 7 days before grafting, retain 1-2 leaf nodes, control water after treatment, and water enough one day before grafting; during the water control process, the amount of watering should not exceed 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the normal amount of watering.

[0032] (2) Selection and treatment of scion:

[0033] The branches of the AP sugar apple (African Pride sugar apple) fruiting mother plant, which are one-year-old, pest-free, semi-corked top branches or sunny branches, are selected. 3-4 days before grafting, the branches and leaves are cut off, and the top dominance of the scion branches is cut off for germination. When grafting, the branches are cut into 5-8 cm branch segments, 1-2 full buds are left on the upper end, the epidermis of the flatter side of the scion is cut off, the cut surface is 0.5-1.5 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide, and the depth just reaches the wood part, and the entire scion is immersed in a fungicide for sterilization treatment, and grafting is carried out after the treatment is completed; the method used for the sterilization treatment is: soaking in a 400 ppm flucythrin solution for 1-2 minutes.

[0034] (3) Grafting:

[0035] Choose a position where the stock diameter is slightly larger than the scion and cut the stock, then peel the epidermis of the section to a depth just to see the wood body and a width of 0.5-1cm. Place the scion into the peeled wood body of the stock, and after the two sides of the peeled surface of the scion are completely matched with the two sides of the peeled epidermis and wood body of the stock, tie the grafting interface with grafting film, and do not seal the incisions at the top of the stock and the tail of the scion with grafting film; then use a ziplock bag from the upper end to the bottom of the interface between the scion and the stock, covering all the shaved stock cortex positions to achieve a moisturizing effect; the ziplock bag can be selected with a size of 12cm×18cm, or other suitable sizes can be selected according to the size of the stock and scion.

[0036] (4) Post-grafting management:

[0037] Do not water after grafting is completed. Wait until the soil moisture in the seedling bag reaches semi-dry, then carry out normal water and fertilizer management. Spray clean water first, and then remove the ziplock bag and fertilize according to the conventional method after the scion buds grow stably. When the scion buds grow out, there should be a corner opening on the top of the ziplock bag when there are about 3 leaves. When the ziplock bag restricts the growth of the scion buds, cut the top of the ziplock bag directly to ensure that the scion buds can grow normally. At the same time, trim the branches and buds grown on the rootstock in time to ensure that the scion is at the top. Remove the ziplock bag after the scion buds grow stably.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The grafting method is the same as that in Example 1, except that in step (1), AP custard apple is selected as the rootstock.

[0040] The above grafting method can effectively reduce the accumulation of bleeding sap on the rootstock and scion, improve the survival rate of sugar apple grafting, and has a positive promoting effect on the cultivation of excellent sugar apple varieties.

[0041] Effect of the grafting method of the present invention on the grafting survival rate

[0042] 1. Experimental materials and location:

[0043] The rootstock is a healthy, pest-free, uniformly grown, 1 cm in diameter 30 cm above the ground, custard apple and AP sugar apple seedling (the upper part of the rootstock has been cut off 7 days in advance at 20-30 cm above the ground);

[0044] The scion is a semi-corky sunny branch with a diameter of about 1 cm from the AP sugar apple fruiting mother plant in the National Tropical Fruit Tree Germplasm Resource Nursery of the South Asia Institute (the branch with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm at the end of the scion has been cut off 3-4 days in advance);

[0045] (1) Improved grafting:

[0046] The methods of Example 1 and Example 2 were adopted to carry out grafting using Annona custard apple and AP Annona custard apple as rootstocks and Annona custard apple as scion.

[0047] (2) Conventional splicing:

[0048] Grafting was performed with Annona custardii as the rootstock and AP Annona custardii as the scion. The grafting operation method was the same as that in Example 1, except that the top of the rootstock and the tail of the scion were tightly wrapped with a grafting film instead of a ziplock bag.

[0049] The experimental site is the glass greenhouse of the National Tropical Fruit Germplasm Resources Nursery of the South Asian Tropical Crops Research Institute in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province.

[0050] 2. Experimental time and results:

[0051] 3. The first and second experiments in 2023 investigated the grafting survival rate (36 days after grafting) as shown in Table 1 below.

[0052] Table 1 Comparison between conventional grafting and improved grafting

[0053]

[0054] 50 days after the grafting, 6 grafted plants were randomly selected from each combination, and the number of new shoot leaves, growth length and thickness (2 cm from the grafting point) of the scion were measured and counted, using single plant block. As shown in Table 2, different grafting methods have a certain effect on the growth of new shoots of AP sugar apple. 50 days after grafting, there are differences in the number of shoot leaves, the thickness and length of the scion shoots of different grafting methods. In the same growth cycle, the conventional cut grafted sugar apple is significantly slower than the improved cut grafted sugar apple. Combined with the comparison of the growth status of conventional cut grafting and improved cut grafting ( Figure 1 ), within the same growth period, the improved cut grafting, i.e. the grafting method of the present invention, significantly accelerates the growth rate of the new shoots of the grafted sugar apple.

[0055] Table 2 Comparison of growth status after conventional cut grafting and improved cut grafting

[0056]

[0057] The experimental results show that under the same environment, the same rootstock and scion treatment conditions, the conventional cut grafting and the method (improved cut grafting) of the present invention have significant differences in the effects on the survival rate of sugar apple grafting. The survival rate of the improved cut grafted sugar apple is significantly higher than that of the conventional cut grafted sugar apple, and the growth rate of the new shoots is also significantly accelerated.

[0058] The above data can intuitively prove that the grafting method designed by the present invention for reducing bleeding sap accumulation has an outstanding improvement effect on the grafting of sugar apple.

[0059] Effects of different treatment methods on grafting survival rate

[0060] The rootstock selected was a healthy, disease-free, relatively uniformly grown sugar apple with a diameter of about 1 cm at 30 cm from the ground; the scion was a semi-corked sunny branch with a diameter of about 1 cm on the AP sugar apple fruiting mother plant (the branches with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm at the tail end of the scion had been cut off 3-4 days in advance). Different methods were used for grafting in the same greenhouse, and the survival rate was investigated 36 days after grafting. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0061] Table 3 Survival rate survey results of different treatment methods (36 days after grafting)

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] It can be seen from Table 3 that the change of conditions has a great impact on the wound flow. Treatment groups 2-7 changed the operation method during the grafting process, which would affect the grafting survival rate and the subsequent growth of the scion buds to varying degrees, making it difficult to achieve the effect of the grafting method described in the present invention.

[0065] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for grafting sugar apple, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Selection and treatment of rootstock: Select healthy, pest-free, custard apple seedlings with a grafting diameter of 1 cm as rootstocks. Cut off the upper part of the rootstock 20-30 cm from the ground 7 days before grafting, leaving 1-2 leaves. After treatment, control water for later use. Water the rootstock enough one day before grafting; the amount of watering is 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the normal amount of watering; (2) Selection and processing of scion: Select branches from the top branches or sunny branches of the annual, pest-free, semi-corked sugar apple fruiting mother plant, cut off the branches and leaves 3-4 days before grafting, cut off the top advantage of the scion branches for germination treatment; when grafting, cut the branches into 5-8 cm branch segments, leaving 1-2 full buds on the upper end, cut off the epidermis of the flatter side of the scion, the cut surface is 0.5-1.5 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide, and the depth is just to the wood, and the entire scion is immersed in a fungicide for sterilization treatment, and grafting is carried out after the treatment is completed; (3) Grafting: Select a position where the stock diameter is slightly larger than the scion to cut the stock, then cut the epidermis from the cross section toward the south, the depth is just to see the wood, the width is 0.5-1cm, put the scion into the peeled stock wood, after the two sides of the scion cut surface and the two sides of the peeled epidermis wood of the stock are completely matched, use the grafting film to bind the grafting interface, and the top of the stock and the tail of the scion are not sealed with the grafting film; then use a self-sealing bag from the upper end to the bottom of the interface between the scion and the stock, covering all the cut stock cortex positions to achieve a moisturizing effect; (4) Management after grafting: Do not water after grafting is completed. Wait until the soil moisture in the seedling bag reaches semi-dry, then carry out normal water and fertilizer management. Spray clean water first, and then apply fertilizer after the ziplock bag is removed and the scion buds grow stably. When the scion buds grow out, gradually remove the ziplock bags, and at the same time prune the branches and buds grown on the rootstock in time to ensure that the scion is at the top. Remove the ziplock bag after the scion buds grow stably. When the scion buds grow to 3 leaves, cut a corner opening at the top of the ziplock bag. When the ziplock bag restricts the growth of the scion buds, cut the top of the ziplock bag completely.

2. A method for grafting sugar apples as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), Annona custard apple or AP Annona custard apple is selected as the rootstock; in the step (2), AP Annona custard apple is selected as the scion.

3. A method for grafting sugar apple as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the sterilization treatment method is: soaking in a 400 ppm flucythrinate solution for 1-2 minutes.

4. A method for grafting sugar apple as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the ziplock bag is a 12 cm×18 cm ziplock bag.

5. A method for reducing bleeding fluid accumulation and improving the survival rate of sugar apple grafting, characterized in that: The sugar apple is grafted by the grafting method described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A method for reducing bleeding fluid accumulation and improving the survival rate of sugar apple grafting as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: Choose custard apple or AP sugar apple as the rootstock and AP sugar apple as the scion.

Images