External shaft integrated laser arc hybrid welding joint and welding process

Abstract

The present invention discloses a welding process of an external shaft-integrated laser arc composite welding joint, comprising a connecting seat A, a laser head, a connecting seat B, a connecting seat C and an arc welding gun, wherein the laser head is fixed on the connecting seat A, the connecting seat B is sleeved on the laser head, a sliding seat A is arranged on the connecting seat B, a sliding seat B is slidably arranged on the sliding seat A, one end of the connecting seat C is slidably mounted on the sliding seat B, a clamping device is rotatably mounted on the connecting seat C, a swing rod is rotatably connected to the clamping device, a connecting device is arranged at one end of the swing rod away from the clamping device, and loosening the connecting device can make the swing rod rotate relative to the connecting seat C and slide on the connecting seat C. The present invention arranges the connecting seat B on the laser head, so that the relative position and angle of the arc welding gun and the laser head can be adjusted online, thereby ensuring the relative position of the arc and the light shift, and avoiding the problems of undercut and poor local fusion during welding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an external shaft-integrated laser arc composite welding head and a welding process, belonging to the technical field of welding. Background Art

[0002] With the development requirements of my country's machinery industry for heavy load and large-scale, and the objective need for high-efficiency production in the industrial field, the production efficiency of the MIG / MAG (i.e. metal arc welding) multi-layer and multi-pass welding production process currently used has become increasingly unable to meet the current development needs, and its heat input is large, resulting in coarse joint structure and workpiece deformation. Laser arc hybrid welding couples two heat sources, laser and arc. It has the advantages of laser welding, such as high energy density, strong penetration ability, low heat input, small welding deformation, and no need to open grooves or reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​grooves, and has the advantages of MIG / MAG welding, such as strong bridging ability and excellent weld formation, which is particularly suitable for the welding of medium and thick plate components.

[0003] The currently commonly used laser arc hybrid welding heads are all connected and fixed with a welding gun flange fixed at the rear of the laser head. The angle between the welding gun and the laser head is not adjustable, and the welding gun cannot rotate around the laser head. Moreover, the composite head posture, wire spacing, wire elongation and other parameters can only be adjusted during the pre-welding teaching. After the teaching is completed, the relative positions of the arc and the light spot are determined, and online adjustment is not possible during welding. When variable posture welding of spatial welds is required, this type of welding head cannot guarantee the consistency of welding parameters such as wire spacing, which can easily lead to defects such as undercut and local poor fusion.

[0004] In addition, the welding gun angle and position of the common laser arc hybrid welding head are not adjustable. Therefore, in T-type full penetration weld, the adjustment of the arc relative spot position is limited, and a good single-sided welding and double-sided forming effect cannot be achieved. Currently, most laser arc hybrid welding heads are integrated by a third party, and the degree of signal interaction control between the welding power supply, robot and laser is limited, and it is impossible to achieve fine-grained coordinated control of arc and laser parameters during the welding process. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a laser arc hybrid welding head with an integrated external shaft, so as to solve the problem that the relative positions of the arc and the optical beam cannot be adjusted online during welding in the prior art, which easily leads to undercutting and poor local fusion during welding.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an external shaft integrated laser arc composite welding head, including a connecting seat A, a laser head, a connecting seat B, a connecting seat C and an arc welding gun, the laser head is fixed on the connecting seat A, the connecting seat B is sleeved on the laser head and driven by a driving device to rotate relative to the laser head, a sliding seat A is arranged on the connecting seat B, and the sliding seat A can slide along the Z-axis direction on the connecting seat B, a sliding seat B is slidably arranged on the sliding seat A, the sliding seat B can slide along the Y-axis direction on the sliding seat A, one end of the connecting seat C is slidably installed on the sliding seat B, and can slide on the sliding seat B along the X-axis direction, a clamping device is rotatably installed on the connecting seat C, the clamping device is used to clamp the arc welding gun, a swing rod is rotatably connected to the clamping device, and a connecting device is arranged on the end of the swing rod away from the clamping device, and loosening the connecting device can make the swing rod rotate relative to the laser head and slide on the connecting seat C, so as to adjust the angle between the arc welding gun and the laser head. The present invention provides a connecting seat B on the laser head. Through the relative sliding of the connecting seat B and the sliding seat A, the relative sliding of the sliding seat A and the sliding seat B, the relative sliding of the connecting seat C and the sliding seat B, and the relative rotation of the clamping device and the connecting seat C, the relative position and angle of the arc welding gun and the laser head can be freely adjusted, thereby ensuring the relative position of the arc and the laser shift, and avoiding the problems of undercut and poor local fusion during welding. The present invention fixes and loosens the connecting device and the connecting seat C, loosens or fixes the rocker, and thus rotates or fixes the clamping device, which facilitates the adjustment and fixation of the arc welding gun.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, two upper and lower sliding grooves are provided on the connecting seat C, and two rocker arms are rotatably arranged on the clamping device. The two rocker arms are respectively connected to the connecting seat C at the two sliding grooves by a connecting device at one end away from the clamping device. The connecting device includes a connecting screw and a connecting nut. One end of the connecting screw is fixed to the rocker arm, and the other end of the connecting screw passes through the sliding groove. The connecting nut is arranged on the end of the connecting screw away from the rocker arm and cooperates with the connecting screw thread. Loosening the connecting nut can make the connecting screw slide along the length direction of the sliding groove, and tightening the nut is used to fix the rocker arm and the connecting seat C. The present invention provides a sliding groove on the connecting seat C. When the connecting nut is loosened, the connecting nut, the swing arm and the connecting seat C become loose, and the connecting screw can move in the sliding groove, so that the clamping device can be rotated to adjust the angle of the arc welding gun. When the connecting nut is tightened, the connecting nut, the connecting screw and the swing arm clamp the connecting seat between the connecting nut and the swing arm, thereby fixing the connecting device and the connecting seat C. The fixing of the swing arm can fix the clamping device, thereby fixing the angle of the arc welding gun.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a low-pressure air knife A and a dust removal air pipe A. The low-pressure air knife A is installed at the lower part of the laser head. The low-pressure air knife A is provided with compressed gas by the air pipe A. The low-pressure air knife A is used to blow away the smoke generated by welding when in use. The dust removal air pipe A is installed on the side of the connecting seat A away from the arc welding gun by a support rod A. The dust removal air pipe A is installed at the bottom end of the support rod A, and can rotate relative to the support rod A, slide on the support rod A along the Z axis, and adjust relative to the support rod A in the Y axis direction. The top end of the support rod A is installed on the connecting seat A and can move along the X axis on the connecting seat A. The present invention blows away the smoke generated by welding by the low-pressure air knife A, and the dust removal air pipe A absorbs the smoke, so as to avoid the smoke generated by welding adhering to the lens of the laser head and blocking the lens of the laser head, and protect the lens of the laser head at the same time, wherein the dust removal air pipe A can be adjusted on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis and rotated by itself, so as to adjust the position of the dust removal air pipe A as needed when in use, so as to absorb the smoke to the maximum extent.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a low-pressure air knife B and a dust removal air pipe B. The low-pressure air knife B is installed at the lower part of the laser head, and the low-pressure air knife A is installed at the bottom of the low-pressure air knife B. The low-pressure air knife B is provided with compressed gas by the air pipe B, which is used to blow away welding spatter and remaining smoke when in use. The dust removal air pipe B is installed on the side of the connecting seat A away from the arc welding gun using a support rod B. The dust removal air pipe B is installed at the bottom end of the support rod B, and can rotate relative to the support rod B, slide on the support rod B along the Z axis, and adjust relative to the support rod B in the Y axis direction. The top end of the support rod B is installed on the connecting seat A and can move on the connecting seat A along the X axis. The present invention further removes the smoke generated by welding and further improves the protection of the laser head lens by setting the low-pressure air knife B.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a long hole A is provided at the lower part of the support rod A, and the length direction of the long hole A is the same as the Z-axis direction. An adjusting screw A is fixed on the dust removal air pipe A, and one or more gaskets A are sleeved on the adjusting screw A and the adjusting screw A passes through the long hole A. An adjusting nut A is provided on the side of the adjusting screw A away from the dust removal air pipe. Tightening the adjusting nut A is used to fix the dust removal air pipe A on the support rod A, and loosening the adjusting nut A can rotate and / or move the dust removal air pipe A along the Z-axis direction. Adding or reducing the gasket A is used to adjust the dust removal air pipe A along the Y-axis direction. A long hole B is provided on the connecting seat A, and the length direction of the long hole B is the same as the X-axis direction. The support rod A An adjusting screw B is fixed on the top, the adjusting screw B passes through the long hole B and is provided with an adjusting nut B. Tightening or loosening the adjusting nut B is used to fix or move the support rod A along the X-axis direction. The structure of the support rod B and the connection structure between the support rod B, the connecting seat A and the dust removal air pipe B are respectively the same as the structure of the support rod A and the connection structure between the support rod A, the connecting seat A and the dust removal air pipe A. The present invention can adjust the dust removal air pipe A in the X-axis and Z-axis directions through the cooperation of the long hole and the adjusting screw, and the tightening and loosening of the adjusting nut on the adjusting screw, and the adjustment of the dust removal air pipe A in the Y-axis direction is achieved by adding or removing gaskets. The structure is simple and the adjustment is convenient.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the dust removal air pipe A includes a first air pipe unit and a second air pipe unit, the first air pipe unit is mounted on the support rod A, one end of the second air pipe unit is connected to the first air pipe unit and can rotate relative to the first air pipe unit, the end of the second air pipe unit away from the first air pipe unit is an oblique opening and is arranged in the direction of the low-pressure air knife A, and the dust removal air pipe B includes a third air pipe unit and a fourth air pipe unit, the third air pipe unit is mounted on the support rod B, one end of the fourth air pipe unit is connected to the second air pipe unit and can rotate relative to the third air pipe unit, and the end of the fourth air pipe unit away from the third air pipe unit is an oblique opening and is arranged in the direction of the low-pressure air knife B. The dust removal air pipe A and the dust removal air pipe B in the present invention are respectively arranged in two sections, and the rotation between the two sections can adjust the angles of the dust removal air pipe A and the dust removal air pipe B, thereby absorbing smoke to a greater extent.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a high-pressure air knife, which is installed at the lower part of the laser head and located above the low-pressure air knife A. The high-pressure air knife uses an air pipe C to provide high-pressure gas, and a guide plate is provided at the gas outlet of the high-pressure air knife to guide the flow of high-pressure gas to avoid affecting the low-pressure air knife A. The present invention sets a high-pressure air knife to further protect the laser head lens from the position close to the laser head lens. At the same time, due to the setting of the guide plate, the high-pressure wind is guided to avoid the high-pressure wind blown by the high-pressure air knife from having an adverse effect on the low-pressure air knife.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a welding tracking assembly is also included, which includes a support rod C, a connecting rod and a laser tracking head, the laser tracking head is installed on the connecting rod, the connecting rod is installed at the lower end of the support rod C and can rotate on the support rod C and adjust in the Y-axis direction, and the top end of the support rod C is installed on the connecting seat A and can move along the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction on the connecting seat A. The present invention improves the accuracy and efficiency of welding, reduces the burden on operators, and improves safety by setting the welding tracking assembly.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the welding tracking assembly is installed on the connection base A at one side of the arc welding gun or at a side away from the arc welding gun. In the present invention, the welding tracking assembly can be installed at a suitable position as required in the use state.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite welding process for medium-thick plate components, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Determine the welding gun posture according to the plate thickness and welding position of the component to be welded.

[0017] Step 2: Determine the wire extension length, adjust the wire spacing, and adjust the arc welding gun to a suitable posture relative to the laser head.

[0018] Step 3: Read the space points and weld trajectory points, determine and set the welding speed, laser power, and wire feeding speed.

[0019] Step 4: Test run and component welding.

[0020] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The currently commonly used laser arc composite welding heads are all fixed with a welding gun flange fixed at the rear of the laser head to fix the welding gun. During teaching, once the composite head posture is determined, the relative posture of the welding gun and the laser head is determined, and it cannot be adjusted online during welding. The composite welding head provided by the present invention can perform online adjustment of the connecting seat B to ensure the consistency of welding parameters during spatial weld welding, thereby reducing the probability of defects such as undercut and local poor fusion.

[0021] 2. The present invention adds two low-pressure air knives for blowing away welding spatter and smoke, and through the blowing of protective gas from the arc welding nozzle, avoids the shielding of the laser head by welding spatter and smoke, which leads to the decrease of effective laser power during high-power laser arc composite welding. In addition, the added two dust removal pipes are used to absorb smoke, and their positions relative to the laser head can be freely adjusted in three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis. The two dust removal pipe openings can rotate by themselves, and the low-pressure dust removal pipe has two sections. The two-section joints can freely rotate to the required angle. When the welding posture changes, the position and angle of the dust removal air pipe can be reasonably adjusted to maximize the absorption of smoke.

[0022] 3. The arc welding gun of the laser arc hybrid welding provided by the present invention can be adjusted independently and flexibly in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, and the angle between the arc welding gun and the laser head can be freely adjusted, which has more posture adjustability when welding medium and thick plate T-joints. The angles between the laser and the arc welding gun and the bottom plate (a horizontally placed plate) of the test plate are α and β respectively, and the two angles can be set to different angles. Under this condition, the α angle is smaller, and the laser is easier to penetrate. The β angle is larger, which can make the front of the weld smooth and round. Therefore, it can ensure a good single-sided welding and double-sided forming effect, and can also ensure a smooth transition of the weld without undercuts, weld nodules, etc.

[0023] 4. The tracking component in the present invention has two installation positions. When the process adopts laser-guided or arc-guided, it is only necessary to change the installation position of the laser tracking component to realize the real-time tracking function of the two process modes. The laser tracking head can be freely adjusted in the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis and the angle between the laser tracking head and the laser head. In addition, by setting the parameters of the weld tracking program, the actual weld length changes with the length of the test plate without changing the arc closing position point. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention without the connecting seat C and the arc welding gun structure.

[0026] Figure 3 It is the teaching procedure during welding of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a weld diagram of the front side of the medium and thick plate component of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a weld diagram on the back side of the medium and thick plate component of the present invention.

[0029] Among them: 1. Connecting seat A; 2. Laser head; 3. Connecting seat B; 4. Connecting seat C; 5. Arc welding gun; 6. Sliding seat A; 7. Sliding seat B; 8. Clamping device; 9. Swing rod; 10. Connecting device; 11. Sliding slot; 12. Low-pressure air knife A; 13. Dust removal air pipe A; 14. Air pipe A; 15. Support rod A; 16. Low-pressure air knife B; 17. Dust removal air pipe B; 18. Air pipe B; 19. Support rod B; 20. Long hole A; 21. Long hole B; 22. First air pipe unit; 23. Second air pipe unit; 24. Third air pipe unit; 25. Fourth air pipe unit; 26. High-pressure air knife; 27. Air pipe C; 28. Guide plate; 29. ​​Welding tracking assembly; 30. Support rod C; 31. Connecting rod; 32. Laser tracking head; 33. Clamp; 34. Support frame; 35. Drive motor; 36. Synchronous belt; 37. Bump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Definition of the invention Figure 1 The left and right directions are the X-axis directions, and the right direction is the positive direction of the X-axis. Figure 1 The direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the Y-axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface outward is the positive direction of the Y-axis. Figure 1 The vertical direction in is the Z-axis direction, and the vertical upward direction is the positive direction of the Z-axis. Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The externally axis-integrated laser-arc hybrid welding head shown in the figure includes a connecting seat A1, a laser head 2, a connecting seat B3, a connecting seat C4, and an arc welding gun 5. The laser head 2 is fixed on the connecting seat A1. In this embodiment, the connecting seat A1 is in a long strip shape. A clamp 33 is provided on the laser head 2, and both ends of the clamp 33 are fixed on the connecting seat A1 by bolts that are threadedly engaged with the connecting seat A1, detachably mounting the connecting seat A1 on the laser head 2. A support frame 34 is detachably mounted on the laser head 2 by bolts. The longitudinal section of the support frame 34 is in a "C" shape. The laser head 2 passes downward through the support frame 34. The connecting seat B3 is sleeved on the part of the laser head 2 located inside the support frame 34, and the connecting seat B3 is driven by a driving device to rotate relative to the laser head 2. The support frame 34 is used to be mounted on the robotic arm in the working state. In this embodiment, the connecting seat B3 can be rotatably mounted on the laser head 2 by one or more bearings. The driving device in this embodiment is a driving motor 35 installed inside the support frame 34. The driving motor 35 is detachably mounted on the support frame 34 by bolts. A driving pulley is mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor 35. An annular groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the connecting seat B3 along the laser head 2. A synchronous belt 36 is provided between the annular groove and the driving pulley. When the driving motor 35 operates, the connecting seat B3 is driven to rotate around the Z-axis within the range of -90° to 90° on the laser head 2 through the synchronous belt 36. The specific rotation angle is that in the process of use, this embodiment is installed on the robot and is linked and controlled through the robot system to achieve point interpolation in the welding program. Since the connecting seat A1 is fixed on the laser head 2, in the working state of this embodiment, the driving motor 35 can only drive the connecting seat B3 to rotate, and the laser head 2 will not rotate relatively.

[0033] As Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, a sliding seat A6 is provided on the connecting seat B3, and the sliding seat A6 can slide on the connecting seat B3 in the range of 0 to 30 mm along the Z-axis direction. In this embodiment, a protrusion 37 is provided on the connecting seat B3 on one side of the opening of the support frame 34, wherein the sliding seat A6 and the protrusion 37 are slidably matched. Specifically, two guide rails along the Z-axis direction and a method of matching with a slider can be used to guide the sliding of the sliding seat A6 on the protrusion 37. A lead screw is provided between the two guide rails, and the lead screw provides power for the sliding seat A6 to slide on the protrusion 37 along the Z-axis direction. In this embodiment, a hexagonal hole is provided at the end of the lead screw, and a hexagonal wrench is used to extend into the hexagonal hole when in use. Rotate the lead screw; In this embodiment, a sliding seat B7 is slidably arranged on the sliding seat A6, and the sliding seat B7 can slide on the sliding seat A6 in the range of 0 to 10 mm along the Y-axis direction, wherein the sliding connection mode of the sliding seat B7 and the sliding seat A6 is the same as the sliding connection mode of the sliding seat A6 and the protrusion 37, and the difference is only in the installation direction. In this embodiment, one end of the connecting seat C4 is slidably installed on the sliding seat B7, and can slide on the sliding seat B7 in the range of 0 to 15 mm along the X-axis direction, and the sliding connection mode of the connecting seat C4 and the sliding seat B7 is the same as the sliding connection mode of the sliding seat B7 and the sliding seat A6, and the difference is that the installation direction is different, which is not described in detail in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the relative position of the arc welding gun 5 and the laser head 2 is adjusted by rotating the connecting seat B3 relative to the laser head 2, and more welding posture adjustability is provided when welding T-shaped welds. In this embodiment, the operation of rotating the lead screw is manually adjusted.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the connecting seat C4 is in the shape of a plate, and a clamping device 8 is installed on the side of the connecting seat C4 away from the laser head 2. The clamping device 8 is used to clamp the arc welding gun 5. The clamping device 8 in this embodiment is in the shape of a cylinder, and a threaded hole is radially opened on the clamping device 8. A clamping bolt matched with the thread is arranged in the threaded hole. By tightening the clamping bolt, the clamping bolt is pressed against the arc welding gun 5 to achieve clamping and fixing of the arc welding gun 5. Two swing arms 9 are rotatably connected to the clamping device 8 by two rotating shafts B. The two swing arms 9 are provided with a connecting device 10 at one end away from the clamping device 8. Loosening the connecting device 10 can make the swing arm 9 slide on the connecting seat C4, which is used to adjust the angle between the arc welding gun 5 and the laser head 2. In this embodiment, two upper and lower parallel sliding grooves 11 are opened on the connecting seat C4, and the connecting device 10 includes a connecting screw and a connecting nut (not shown in the figure). One end of the connecting screw is fixed to the rocker arm 9, and the other end of the connecting screw on the two rocker arms 9 passes through the two sliding grooves 11 respectively. The connecting nut is set on the end of the connecting screw away from the rocker arm 9 and cooperates with the connecting screw thread. Loosening the connecting nut can make the connecting screw slide along the length direction of the sliding groove 11, and tightening the nut can clamp the connecting seat C4 from both sides through the connecting nut and the rocker arm 9, so as to fix the rocker arm 9 and the connecting seat C4. In this embodiment, the angle of the arc welding gun 5 and the laser head 2 is adjusted by rotating the clamping device 8 relative to the connecting seat C4, and the clamping device 8 is fixed after being rotated to the set angle by the rocker arm 9. The connecting device 10 fixes and loosens the rocker arm 9, and can be adjusted accordingly according to the rotation of the clamping device 8.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is provided with a low-pressure air knife A12 and a dust removal air pipe A13. The low-pressure air knife A12 is installed at the lower part of the laser head 2. The low-pressure air knife A12 is provided with compressed gas by the air pipe A14. The air outlet of the low-pressure air knife A12 faces the side away from the arc welding gun 5. The low-pressure air knife A12 is used to blow away the smoke generated by welding when in use. The dust removal air pipe A13 in this embodiment is installed on the side of the connecting seat A1 away from the arc welding gun 5 by a support rod A15, wherein the dust removal air pipe A13 is installed on the side of the connecting seat A1 away from the arc welding gun 5. Installed at the bottom end of the support rod A15, the dust removal air pipe A13 can rotate relative to the support rod A15, slide on the support rod A15 along the Z axis, and be adjusted in the Y axis direction relative to the support rod A15. The top end of the support rod A15 is installed on the connecting seat A1, and the support rod A15 can move on the connecting seat A1 along the X axis. The dust removal air pipe A13 in this embodiment is used to absorb the smoke and dust blown away by the low-pressure wind knife A12. The air pressure range of the low-pressure wind knife A12 in this embodiment is 0 to 2 bar.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, the specific structure of the embodiment for realizing the movement and rotation of the dust removal air pipe A13 relative to the support rod A15 is: a long hole A20 is opened at the lower part of the support rod A15, and the length direction of the long hole A20 is the same as the Z-axis direction. The long hole A20 in the embodiment is optimally an oblong hole, and an adjusting screw A is fixed to the dust removal air pipe A13. The speed regulating screw A is arranged along the direction of the Y-axis, and at least one gasket A is sleeved on the adjusting screw A and the adjusting screw A passes through the long hole A20. An adjusting nut A matched with its thread is arranged on the side of the adjusting screw A away from the dust removal air pipe. Tightening the adjusting nut A is used to fix the dust removal air pipe A13 on the support rod A15, and loosening the adjusting nut A can rotate and move the dust removal air pipe A13 along the Z-axis direction. In this embodiment, the position of the dust removal air pipe A13 is adjusted along the Y-axis direction by adding or reducing gasket A; the specific structure of this embodiment to realize the horizontal movement of the support rod A15 is: a long hole B21 is opened on the connecting seat A1, and the long hole B21 is also an oblong hole. The length direction of the long hole B21 is the same as the X-axis direction. An adjusting screw B is fixed on the top of the support rod A15, wherein the length direction of the adjusting screw B is the same as the Y-axis direction. The adjusting screw B passes through the long hole B21 and is provided with an adjusting nut B that matches its thread. Tightening or loosening the adjusting nut B is used to fix or move the support rod A15 along the X-axis direction.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is provided with a low-pressure air knife B16 and a dust removal air pipe B17, wherein the low-pressure air knife B16 is installed at the lower part of the laser head 2, and the low-pressure air knife A12 is installed at the bottom of the low-pressure air knife B16; the low-pressure air knife B16 is provided with compressed gas by the air pipe B18, and the air outlet of the low-pressure air knife B16 is arranged in a direction away from the arc welding gun 5. The low-pressure air knife B16 is used to blow away welding spatter and remaining smoke when in use, and the dust removal air pipe B17 is installed on the side of the connecting seat A1 away from the arc welding gun 5 by a support rod B19. The dust removal air pipe B17 is installed at the bottom end of the support rod B19, and can rotate relative to the support rod B19, slide on the support rod B19 along the Z axis, and adjust relative to the support rod B19 in the Y axis direction. The top end of the support rod B19 is installed on the connecting seat A1, and can move on the connecting seat A1 along the X axis. In this embodiment, the structure of the support rod B19 is the same as that of the support rod A15, the connection structure of the support rod B19 and the connection seat A1 is the same as that of the support rod A15 and the connection seat A1, and the support rod B19 and the support rod A15 are installed in the same long hole B21, and the connection structure of the support rod B19 and the dust removal air pipe B17 is the same as that of the support rod A15 and the dust removal air pipe A13. The air pressure range of the low-pressure air knife B16 in this embodiment is 0 to 2 bar.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the dust removal air pipe A13 in this embodiment includes a first air pipe unit 22 and a second air pipe unit 23. The first air pipe unit 22 is installed on the support rod A15, that is, the adjusting screw A is fixed on the first air pipe unit 22, and one end of the second air pipe unit 23 is connected to the first air pipe unit 22 and can rotate relative to the first air pipe unit 22. For example, internal threads and external threads can be respectively provided on the first air pipe unit 22 and the second air pipe unit 23, and the first air pipe unit 22 and the second air pipe unit 23 are rotatably connected by threaded cooperation. The end of the second air pipe unit 23 away from the first air pipe unit 22 is an oblique opening and is arranged in the direction of the low-pressure air knife A12, and the end of the second air pipe unit 23 away from the first air pipe unit 22 is connected to the dust removal assembly machine. The first air pipe unit 22 in this embodiment can be made of a metal bellows so that it can be bent as needed when in use. The dust removal air pipe B17 in this embodiment includes a third air pipe unit 24 and a fourth air pipe unit 25. The third air pipe unit 24 is installed on the support rod B19. One end of the fourth air pipe unit 25 is connected to the second air pipe unit 23 and can rotate relative to the third air pipe unit 24. The end of the fourth air pipe unit 25 away from the third air pipe unit 24 is an oblique opening and is arranged in the direction of the low-pressure air knife B16. Since the low-pressure air knife A12 and the low-pressure air knife B16 can be adjusted in three directions of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis, and the dust removal air pipe A13 and the dust removal air pipe B17 can be rotated to a desired angle, the dust removal air pipe A13 and the dust removal air pipe B17 in this embodiment have a larger posture adjustment range to absorb welding fumes to the greatest extent.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is provided with a high-pressure air knife 26, which is installed at the bottom of the laser head 2 and above the low-pressure air knife A12. The high-pressure air knife 26 in this embodiment is pre-configured by the manufacturer when the laser head 2 is purchased. In this embodiment, the low-pressure air knife B16 is installed at the bottom of the high-pressure air knife 26. The high-pressure air knife 26 uses an air pipe C27 to provide high-pressure gas. A guide plate 28 is provided at the air outlet of the high-pressure air knife 26. The end of the guide plate 28 away from the high-pressure air knife 26 is bent upward. The guide plate 28 is used to guide the flow of high-pressure gas to avoid affecting the low-pressure air knife A12 and the low-pressure air knife B16. In this embodiment, the diameter of the dust removal air pipe B17 is larger than the diameter of the dust removal air pipe A13, wherein the dust removal air pipe B17 is also used to absorb the smoke and dust blown by the high-pressure air knife 26.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, the present embodiment is provided with a welding tracking assembly 29, which includes a support rod C30, a connecting rod 31 and a laser tracking head 32. The laser tracking head 32 is mounted on the connecting rod 31. The connecting rod 31 is mounted on the lower end of the support rod C30 and can be rotated on the support rod C30 and adjusted in the Y-axis direction. In the present embodiment, a fixing screw is fixed on the connecting rod 31, and at least one adjusting gasket is sleeved on the fixing screw. A circular hole is opened at the bottom end of the support rod C30, and the fixing screw passes through the circular hole. A fixing nut matched with the thread thereof is arranged on the fixing screw. The fixing nut is tightened to fix the connecting rod 31 on the support rod C30. By adding or removing the adjusting gasket, the Y-axis direction can be adjusted. The connecting rod 31 can be adjusted in the Y-axis direction, so as to adjust the laser tracking head 32 in the Y-axis direction. By loosening the fixing nut, the connecting rod 31 can be rotated to adjust the angle between the laser tracking head 32 and the support rod C30. The top end of the support rod C30 is installed on the connecting seat A1, and can be moved on the connecting seat A1 along the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. In this embodiment, a horizontal slide groove is provided on the connecting seat A1, and a vertical slide groove is provided on the support rod C30. The support rod C30 is installed on the connecting seat A1 by means of bolts passing through the horizontal slide groove and the vertical slide groove at the same time and nuts matched with the bolt threads. By loosening the nut, the support rod C30 can be moved in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. In this embodiment, horizontal slide grooves are preferably provided on one side of the connection seat A1 located at the arc welding gun 5 and on the side away from the arc welding gun 5. The welding tracking assembly 29 is installed on the side of the connection seat A1 located at the arc welding gun 5 or on the side away from the arc welding gun 5. Specifically, in the use state, if laser is used to guide welding, the welding tracking assembly 29 is installed on the side of the connection seat A1 away from the arc welding gun 5. If arc welding is used to guide welding in front, the welding tracking assembly 29 is installed on the side of the connection seat A1 close to the arc welding gun 5. In this embodiment, the laser tracking head 32 can be adjusted in three directions of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis, and the angle between the laser tracking head 32 and the laser head 2 can be adjusted. The laser tracking method is used to realize real-time correction of the weld. In this embodiment, the parameters of the weld tracking program can be set so that when the length of the welding test plate changes, the actual weld length also changes accordingly without changing the arc closing position point. Example 2

[0041] This embodiment is an improvement made on the basis of embodiment 1. Compared with embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a dovetail groove on the sliding seat A6 along the Z-axis direction, and provides a protrusion on the protrusion 37 that matches the dovetail groove. The sliding of the sliding seat A6 on the protrusion 37 is guided by the cooperation between the dovetail groove and the protrusion. This embodiment provides a screw installation groove on the protrusion, a screw is rotatably provided in the screw installation groove, and a thread groove is provided at the bottom of the dovetail groove, wherein the side of the screw close to the sliding seat A6 is located in the thread groove and matches with the thread of the thread groove. The sliding seat A6 is driven to slide on the protrusion 37 along the Z-axis direction by rotating the screw. This embodiment In the example, the sliding connection mode between the sliding seat B7 and the sliding seat A6 is the same as the sliding connection mode between the sliding seat A6 and the protrusion 37. In this embodiment, a connecting hole is provided on the side of the sliding seat B7 away from the sliding seat A6 along the X-axis direction. A moving rod is provided at the end of the connecting seat C4. The upper shape of the moving rod is the same as the upper shape of the connecting hole and the cross section is non-circular. A lead screw is rotatably provided at the lower part of the connecting hole. The bottom of the moving rod is provided with a thread. The moving rod extends into the connecting hole and cooperates with the lead screw thread. By rotating the lead screw, the moving rod can be driven to move in the connecting hole, thereby adjusting the connecting seat C4 along the X-axis direction, thereby adjusting the optical filament spacing. The structure of the rest of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first or second embodiment. For details, please refer to the first or second embodiment, and this embodiment will not be repeated. Example 3

[0042] This embodiment is a hybrid welding process for medium-thick plate components, using the external shaft integrated laser arc hybrid welding head of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. This embodiment is described by taking the welding of a Q345 steel structure T-joint weld with a thickness of 8 mm as an example. The welding process specifically includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: For a component with a thickness of 8 mm and a T-joint with full penetration weld, determine the welding positions as laser horizontal welding and arc flat corner welding, perform pre-weld cleaning and spot welding on the components to be welded, and adjust the laser head to the welding posture.

[0044] Step 2, first adjust the dry extension of the welding wire to 16-18mm, then adjust the sliding seat A6 up and down along the Z-axis direction to make the defocus amount between -4 and -2mm, loosen the connecting device 10, adjust the angle between the clamping device 8 and the connecting seat C4, and then adjust the sliding seat B7 along the Y-axis direction and the connecting seat C4 along the X-axis direction, so that the end of the welding wire and the light spot of the laser head 2 are in a straight line, and the distance between the light wires is controlled at 3-5mm, so that the arc welding gun 5 is in a suitable posture relative to the laser head 2; adjust the position of the low-pressure air knife A12, the low-pressure air knife B16 and the welding tracking assembly 29, so that the low-pressure air knife A12 and the low-pressure air knife B16 do not interfere with the weld and the robot axis while effectively blowing away the welding smoke, and the position of the weld tracking assembly should be able to effectively cover the weld range.

[0045] Step 3: Write the welding program and teach the space points and weld trajectory points. The teaching program is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, during teaching, two spatial points are required before the arc starting point and after the arc ending point to ensure that the laser arc compound head can effectively reach the welding position, determine and set the welding speed, laser power, and wire feeding speed. The specific parameters are: laser power 8-9kW, welding current 280-310A, arc voltage 29-31V, wire feeding speed 12.5-13.5m / min, welding speed 700-800mm / min, wire diameter 1.2mm, welding wire grade ER50-6, and 92%Ar and 8%CO2 mixed gas protection. The above mixed gas is volume percentage.

[0046] Step 4: Conduct a trial run of the welding procedure. If there are no abnormalities during the process, proceed to the actual welding of the component. After welding is completed, inspect the joint morphology and cross-section metallographic structure.

[0047] The results of welding thick plate components in this embodiment are as follows Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the front side of the weld ( Figure 4 shown) and the back ( Figure 5 The weld metal and the base material are well fused, and there are no defects such as pores in the weld section.

[0048] The parts not specifically described in the above description are all prior art, or can be implemented by prior art. Moreover, the specific implementation cases described in the present invention are only preferred implementation cases of the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the patent application scope of the present invention should be regarded as the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. External shaft integrated laser arc hybrid welding head, characterized by: The invention comprises a connecting seat A (1), a laser head (2), a connecting seat B (3), a connecting seat C (4), an arc welding gun (5) and a welding tracking assembly (29), wherein the laser head (2) is fixed on the connecting seat A (1), the connecting seat B (3) is sleeved on the laser head (2) and driven by a driving device to rotate relative to the laser head (2), a sliding seat A (6) is arranged on the connecting seat B (3), and the sliding seat A (6) can slide on the connecting seat B (3) along the Z-axis direction, a sliding seat B (7) is slidably arranged on the sliding seat A (6), and the sliding seat B (7) can slide on the sliding seat A (6) along the Y-axis direction, and one end of the connecting seat C (4) is slidably mounted on the sliding seat B (7) and can slide on the sliding seat B (7) along the X-axis direction. A clamping device (8) is installed on the connecting seat C (4). The clamping device (8) is used to clamp the arc welding gun (5). A swing rod (9) is rotatably connected to the clamping device (8). A connecting device (10) is provided at one end of the swing rod (9) away from the clamping device (8). Loosening the connecting device (10) can make the swing rod (9) rotate relative to the laser head (2) and slide on the connecting seat C (4) to adjust the angle between the arc welding gun (5) and the laser head (2). The welding tracking assembly (29) includes a support rod C (30), a connecting rod (31) and a laser tracking head (32). The laser tracking assembly (29) includes a support rod C (30), a connecting rod (31) and a laser tracking head (32). The tracking head (32) is mounted on the connecting rod (31), the connecting rod (31) is mounted on the lower end of the support rod C (30) and can be rotated on the support rod C (30) and adjusted in the Y-axis direction, the top end of the support rod C (30) is mounted on the connecting seat A (1), and can be moved on the connecting seat A (1) along the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction; a fixing screw is fixed on the connecting rod (31), at least one adjusting gasket is sleeved on the fixing screw, a circular hole is opened at the bottom end of the support rod C (30), the fixing screw passes through the circular hole, and a fixing nut matched with the thread of the fixing screw is arranged on the fixing screw, and the fixing nut is tightened to fix the connecting rod (31) on the support rod. On the support rod C (30), the connecting rod (31) is adjusted in the Y-axis direction by adding or removing adjustment gaskets, thereby adjusting the laser tracking head (32) in the Y-axis direction, and by loosening the fixing nut, the connecting rod (31) can be rotated to adjust the angle between the laser tracking head (32) and the support rod C (30); a horizontal slide groove is provided on the connecting seat A (1), and a vertical slide groove is provided on the support rod C (30); the support rod C (30) is installed on the connecting seat A (1) by bolts passing through the horizontal slide groove and the vertical slide groove at the same time and nuts matched with the bolt threads; and the support rod C (30) can be moved in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction by loosening the nut; The connecting seat C (4) is provided with two upper and lower sliding grooves (11). The clamping device (8) is rotatably provided with two swing rods (9). One end of the two swing rods (9) away from the clamping device (8) is respectively connected to the connecting seat C (4) at the two sliding grooves (11) by a connecting device (10). The connecting device (10) comprises a connecting screw and a connecting nut. One end of the connecting screw is fixed to the swing rod (9). The other end of the connecting screw passes through the sliding groove (11). The connecting nut is provided on the end of the connecting screw away from the swing rod (9) and is matched with the thread of the connecting screw. Loosening the connecting nut can make the connecting screw slide along the length direction of the sliding groove (11). Tightening the nut is used to fix the swing rod (9) and the connecting seat C (4). It also includes a low-pressure air knife A (12) and a dust removal air pipe A (13), wherein the low-pressure air knife A (12) is mounted at the lower part of the laser head (2), and the low-pressure air knife A (12) is provided with compressed air by the air pipe A (14). The low-pressure air knife A (12) is used to blow away the smoke generated by welding when in use, and the dust removal air pipe A (13) is mounted on the connecting seat A (1) on the side away from the arc welding gun (5) by a support rod A (15). The dust removal air pipe A (13) is mounted at the bottom end of the support rod A (15) and can rotate relative to the support rod A (15), slide on the support rod A (15) along the Z axis, and be adjusted relative to the support rod A (15) in the Y axis direction. The top end of the support rod A (15) is mounted on the connecting seat A (1) and can move on the connecting seat A (1) along the X axis direction. It also includes a low-pressure air knife B (16) and a dust removal air pipe B (17), wherein the low-pressure air knife B (16) is mounted at the bottom of the laser head (2), and the low-pressure air knife A (12) is mounted at the bottom of the low-pressure air knife B (16); the low-pressure air knife B (16) is provided with compressed gas by the air pipe B (18) for blowing away welding spatter and remaining smoke when in use; the dust removal air pipe B (17) is mounted on the side of the connecting seat A (1) away from the arc welding gun (5) by a support rod B (19); the dust removal air pipe B (17) is mounted at the bottom end of the support rod B (19) and can rotate relative to the support rod B (19), slide on the support rod B (19) along the Z axis, and be adjusted relative to the support rod B (19) in the Y axis direction; the top end of the support rod B (19) is mounted on the connecting seat A (1) and can move on the connecting seat A (1) along the X axis direction; The invention also includes a high-pressure air knife (26), which is installed at the lower part of the laser head (2), and a low-pressure air knife B (16) is installed at the bottom of the high-pressure air knife (26). The high-pressure air knife (26) uses an air pipe C (27) to provide high-pressure gas. A guide plate (28) is provided at the air outlet of the high-pressure air knife (26) to guide the flow of the high-pressure gas to avoid affecting the low-pressure air knife A (12).

2. The external shaft integrated laser arc hybrid welding joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: A long hole A (20) is formed at the lower part of the support rod A (15), and the length direction of the long hole A (20) is the same as the Z-axis direction. An adjusting screw A is fixed to the dust removal air pipe A (13), and one or more gaskets A are sleeved on the adjusting screw A and the adjusting screw A passes through the long hole A (20). An adjusting nut A is provided on the side of the adjusting screw A away from the dust removal air pipe. Tightening the adjusting nut A is used to fix the dust removal air pipe A (13) on the support rod A (15), and loosening the adjusting nut A can rotate and / or move the dust removal air pipe A (13) along the Z-axis direction. Adding or removing the gasket A is used to adjust the dust removal air pipe A (13) along the Y-axis direction. The connecting seat A (1) is provided with a long hole B (21), the length direction of the long hole B (21) is the same as the X-axis direction, an adjusting screw B is fixed to the top of the support rod A (15), the adjusting screw B passes through the long hole B (21) and is provided with an adjusting nut B, tightening or loosening the adjusting nut B is used to fix or move the support rod A (15) along the X-axis direction, and the structure of the support rod B (19), the connection structure of the support rod B (19) with the connecting seat A (1) and the dust removal air pipe B (17) are respectively the same as the structure of the support rod A (15), and the connection structure of the support rod A (15) with the connecting seat A (1) and the dust removal air pipe A (13).

3. The external shaft integrated laser arc hybrid welding joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal air pipe A (13) comprises a first air pipe unit (22) and a second air pipe unit (23), wherein the first air pipe unit (22) is mounted on a support rod A (15), one end of the second air pipe unit (23) is connected to the first air pipe unit (22) and can rotate relative to the first air pipe unit (22), and one end of the second air pipe unit (23) away from the first air pipe unit (22) is an oblique opening and is arranged in the direction of the low-pressure air knife A (12); the dust removal air pipe B (17) comprises a third air pipe unit (24) and a fourth air pipe unit (25), wherein the third air pipe unit (24) is mounted on a support rod B (19), one end of the fourth air pipe unit (25) is connected to the second air pipe unit (23) and can rotate relative to the third air pipe unit (24), and one end of the fourth air pipe unit (25) away from the third air pipe unit (24) is an oblique opening and is arranged in the direction of the low-pressure air knife B (16).

4. The external shaft integrated laser arc hybrid welding joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding tracking assembly (29) is mounted on the connection base A (1) and is located on one side of the arc welding gun (5) or on a side away from the arc welding gun (5).

5. A hybrid welding process for medium-thick plate components, using the external shaft integrated laser arc hybrid welding head as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1, determine the welding gun posture according to the plate thickness and welding position of the component to be welded; Step 2, determining the dry extension length of the welding wire, adjusting the wire spacing, and adjusting the arc welding gun (5) to a suitable posture relative to the laser head (2); Step 3, perform spatial point and weld trajectory point indication, determine and set welding speed, laser power, and wire feeding speed; Step 4: Test run and component welding.

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