Farmland seed bed preparation machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a farmland seed bed preparation machine, wherein the gearbox divides the power into two parts through gear transmission inside, and transmits the power to the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft respectively to drive them to work. During operation, the two side plates can prevent the soil from splashing to the two sides when the deep tillage rotary cutter is working, so as to ensure that the device has a sufficient amount of soil required for ridge formation; the deep tillage rotary cutter cuts and crushes the deep soil, and throws the soil to the rear at the same time; the soil after deep rotation moves to the middle to form a ridge ditch under the ridge formation squeezing action of the two side plates, and at the same time the rear shallow tillage rotary cutter performs secondary fine crushing on the surface soil of the ridge surface, and finally, under the squeezing action of the guide plate and the tail plate, a flat ridge type that meets the agronomic requirements of seed bed preparation is formed, and the deep tillage shaft and / or the shallow tillage shaft can also be driven to move along the set path under the action of external force (such as manual, electric or hydraulic drive, etc.) to perform depth adjustment, thereby improving the degree of soil refinement (such as cutting and crushing), with a compact structure and high application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and in particular to a farmland seed bed preparation machine. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agricultural technology, agricultural mechanization has become an important means to improve agricultural production efficiency and ensure food security. In this process, farmland seed bed preparation machines, as key tillage machines used in conjunction with tractors, play a vital role. The seed bed preparation machine directly contacts the land through its core rotary tiller assembly to complete complex operations such as plowing and harrowing, creating a good soil environment for the sowing and growth of crops. The farmland seed bed preparation machine has the functions of breaking the plow bottom layer, restoring the soil tillage layer structure, improving the soil's ability to store water and retain moisture, eliminating some weeds, reducing pests and diseases, leveling the surface, and improving agricultural mechanization operation standards.

[0003] However, in the current agricultural mechanization process, although farmland seed bed preparation machines have been widely used, they still face many challenges in terms of technical performance and soil adaptability. Specifically, seed bed preparation machines in the prior art often have deficiencies in soil cutting effects, making it difficult to achieve fine soil processing, which is mainly reflected in the problems of incomplete soil cutting and insufficient crushing, resulting in large lumps and hardening in the soil, affecting the growth of crop roots and the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor proposes a farmland seed bed preparation machine to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a farmland seed bed preparation machine, the purpose of which is to improve the degree of soil refinement (such as cutting and crushing).

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A farm seed bed preparation machine comprises a frame and a gearbox, wherein the gearbox is fixedly connected to the frame;

[0008] The gearbox comprises a driving unit, a deep tillage shaft and a shallow tillage shaft, wherein the driving unit is used to drive the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft to rotate, the two ends of the deep tillage shaft are respectively connected with deep tillage rotary knives, and the two ends of the shallow tillage shaft are respectively connected with shallow tillage rotary knives; along the height direction of the frame, the deep tillage shaft is located below the shallow tillage shaft;

[0009] The deep tillage shaft is adjustable or non-adjustable, and the shallow tillage shaft is adjustable or non-adjustable.

[0010] Further, the driving unit includes a transmission housing, an output shaft, and a first gear, a second gear, and a third gear rotatably connected in the transmission housing, wherein the output shaft drives the first gear to rotate, and the first gear drives the second gear and the third gear to rotate;

[0011] When the deep tillage shaft is adjustable, a deep tillage groove is provided on the gearbox, and the deep tillage shaft can move along the path of the deep tillage groove to adjust the position of the deep tillage rotary cutter on the frame; a deep tillage gear is coaxially connected to the deep tillage shaft, and the deep tillage gear and the second gear can mesh or disengage with each other;

[0012] And / or, the shallow tillage shaft is adjustable, a shallow tillage groove is provided on the gearbox, and the shallow tillage shaft can move along the path of the shallow tillage groove to adjust the position of the shallow tillage rotary cutter on the frame;

[0013] A shallow tillage gear is coaxially connected to the shallow tillage shaft, and the shallow tillage gear and the third gear can be meshed or disengaged with each other.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, when the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft are adjustable, a deep tillage groove and a shallow tillage groove are opened on the gearbox, and the deep tillage groove and the shallow tillage groove respectively allow the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft to move along a specific path in the groove. By moving the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft, the positions of the deep tillage rotary cutter and the shallow tillage rotary cutter on the frame can be changed, thereby adjusting their tillage depths; when preparing the farmland, the tractor transmits power to the output shaft through the universal joint drive shaft, and the output shaft immediately starts to rotate, and the bevel gear set drives the first gear to rotate. The first gear serves as an intermediate transmission member, driving the second gear and the third gear to rotate at the same time, so as to ensure smooth transmission of power.

[0015] The deep tillage gear and the second gear coaxially connected on the deep tillage shaft can mesh with or disengage from each other. When deep tillage is required, the position of the deep tillage gear is adjusted so that the deep tillage gear meshes with the second gear, thereby driving the deep tillage shaft to rotate, and then driving the deep tillage rotary cutter to perform deep tillage operations. Similarly, the shallow tillage gear and the third gear coaxially connected on the shallow tillage shaft can also mesh with or disengage from each other, and the position of the shallow tillage gear is adjusted to achieve shallow tillage operations. By controlling the meshing or disengagement state of the deep tillage gear and the shallow tillage gear with their respective corresponding gears, the switching between deep tillage and shallow tillage and the adjustment of tillage depth can be easily achieved, which can adapt to different soil conditions and crop requirements and perform flexible tillage operations.

[0016] Further, when the deep tillage shaft is adjustable, the deep tillage groove is in an arc-shaped structure, and when the deep tillage gear and the second gear are disengaged from each other, the deep tillage shaft can move along the path of the deep tillage groove;

[0017] When the shallow tillage shaft is adjustable, the shallow tillage groove has an arc-shaped structure, and when the shallow tillage gear and the third gear are disengaged from each other, the shallow tillage shaft can move along the path of the shallow tillage groove.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, when the deep plowing depth needs to be adjusted, the deep plowing gear and the second gear are first disengaged from each other. At this time, the deep plowing shaft is no longer directly driven by the second gear transmission, but can move along the arc path of the deep plowing groove under the action of external force. As the position of the deep plowing shaft changes, the depth of the deep plowing rotary cutter in the soil also changes accordingly.

[0019] Similarly, when the shallow tillage depth needs to be adjusted, the shallow tillage gear and the third gear are first disengaged from each other, and then the shallow tillage shaft is moved along the arc path of the shallow tillage groove under the action of external force, thereby changing the depth of the shallow tillage rotary blade in the soil, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the depth of tillage.

[0020] Furthermore, the transmission housing protrudes outward on one side close to the deep plowing gear and the shallow plowing gear, respectively forming a deep plowing extension chamber and a shallow plowing extension chamber, and the deep plowing shaft can drive the deep plowing gear to slide into the deep plowing extension chamber, and when the deep plowing gear is located in the deep plowing extension chamber, the deep plowing gear is disengaged from the second gear; the shallow plowing shaft can drive the shallow plowing gear to slide into the shallow plowing extension chamber, and when the shallow plowing gear is located in the shallow plowing extension chamber, the shallow plowing gear is disengaged from the third gear.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, the transmission housing is designed with an outwardly protruding part on the side close to the deep plowing gear and the shallow plowing gear, forming a deep plowing extension chamber and a shallow plowing extension chamber respectively. These two chambers provide an additional moving space for the deep plowing gear and the shallow plowing gear. When the depth of deep plowing or shallow plowing needs to be adjusted, the operator drives the deep plowing shaft or the shallow plowing shaft to move along the path of the deep plowing trough or the shallow plowing trough.

[0022] As the deep tillage shaft or shallow tillage shaft moves, the deep tillage gear or shallow tillage gear will gradually slide out of the normal meshing position with the second gear or the third gear. When the deep tillage gear fully enters the deep tillage extension chamber, the meshing between it and the second gear will be completely disengaged. At this time, the deep tillage shaft can move freely in the deep tillage groove without being restricted by the second gear transmission; similarly, when the shallow tillage gear fully enters the shallow tillage extension chamber, the meshing between it and the third gear will also be completely disengaged. At this time, the shallow tillage shaft can move freely in the shallow tillage groove. After being disengaged from the restriction of meshing, the operator can continue to push the deep tillage shaft or shallow tillage shaft to reach the desired depth position, and finally fix the deep tillage shaft or shallow tillage shaft at the preset position by operating the locking mechanism.

[0023] Furthermore, both the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft are provided with limit rings;

[0024] The gearbox further comprises an end cover, which is detachably mounted on the transmission housing, and a ring groove is formed on a side of the end cover close to the limiting ring, and the limiting ring can be mounted in the ring groove to limit the movement of the limiting ring along the width direction of the gearbox;

[0025] A plurality of rollers are evenly distributed on the circumferential surface of the annular groove, and each of the rollers is rollingly connected to the limit ring.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, the limit ring is installed on the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft, and its main function is to limit the movement of the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft in the gearbox to prevent the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft from being unnecessarily offset or disengaged during tillage. The end cover is detachably installed on the transmission housing, and a ring groove is provided on the end cover so that the limit ring can be installed in the ring groove. The limit ring can only rotate but not move axially. By evenly distributing a number of rollers on the circumference of the ring groove, a rolling connection is formed between these rollers and the limit ring, which reduces friction and wear, making the movement of the shaft smoother and more precise.

[0027] Furthermore, when the deep tillage shaft is adjustable, the deep tillage groove includes a first mounting position, a second mounting position and a third mounting position, and a deep tillage transition zone is provided between the first mounting position, the second mounting position and the third mounting position, and the deep tillage shaft can enter one of the first mounting position, the second mounting position and the third mounting position through the deep tillage transition zone;

[0028] When the deep plowing shaft is located at the first mounting position, the second mounting position and the third mounting position, the deep plowing gear is meshed with the second gear; when the deep plowing shaft is located in the deep plowing transition zone, the deep plowing gear is disengaged from the second gear.

[0029] According to the above technical solution, the first mounting position, the second mounting position and the third mounting position are positions where the deep plowing shaft can stay and work stably in the gearbox. At these positions, the deep plowing gear remains engaged with the second gear, thereby ensuring that power can be transmitted to the deep plowing shaft.

[0030] The deep plowing transition zone is the area connecting these installation positions, which allows the deep plowing shaft to move without engaging with the second gear. When the deep plowing shaft is located in the transition zone, the deep plowing gear is disengaged from the second gear, so that the deep plowing shaft can move freely to the next installation position.

[0031] If the deep tillage shaft is currently in a certain installation position (such as the first installation position) and needs to be moved to the deeper second installation position or the third installation position, the deep tillage shaft will first enter the deep tillage transition zone. In the transition zone, the deep tillage gear gradually disengages from the second gear until it is completely disengaged. Once the deep tillage shaft completely enters the transition zone and disengages from the second gear, it can freely move along the groove to the target installation position. During the movement, the deep tillage gear does not mesh with any gear and is therefore not affected by the transmission resistance.

[0032] When the deep tillage shaft reaches the target installation position, the deep tillage shaft can be fixed in this position through the locking mechanism. At this time, the deep tillage gear will automatically re-engage with the second gear to restore power transmission and start tilling.

[0033] Further, when the shallow tillage shaft is adjustable, the shallow tillage groove includes a fourth mounting position, a fifth mounting position and a sixth mounting position, and a shallow tillage transition zone is provided between the fourth mounting position, the fifth mounting position and the sixth mounting position, and the shallow tillage shaft can enter one of the fourth mounting position, the fifth mounting position and the sixth mounting position through the shallow tillage transition zone;

[0034] When the shallow tillage shaft is located at the fourth mounting position, the fifth mounting position and the sixth mounting position, the shallow tillage gear is meshed with the third gear; when the shallow tillage shaft is located in the shallow tillage transition zone, the shallow tillage gear is disengaged from the third gear.

[0035] According to the above technical solution, the working principle of the shallow tillage trough is similar to that of the deep tillage trough, but it is aimed at the interaction between the shallow tillage shaft and the shallow tillage gear and the third gear. The shallow tillage trough includes the fourth mounting position, the fifth mounting position and the sixth mounting position, which provide stable support and positioning points for the shallow tillage shaft. Between the mounting positions, a shallow tillage transition zone is provided to allow the shallow tillage shaft to move when it is out of mesh with the third gear. The fourth mounting position, the fifth mounting position and the sixth mounting position in the shallow tillage trough provide stable support for the shallow tillage shaft, ensuring that the shallow tillage gear can maintain a stable meshing state with the third gear during tillage.

[0036] Furthermore, the deep tillage rotary cutter includes a cutter shaft and a plurality of cutter seats fixed on the cutter shaft, and two cutter seats with an angle of 120° to 150° are fixedly connected to the same cutter shaft cross section, and the cutter seats are each provided with a rotary tillage cutter;

[0037] The rotary tiller comprises a left rotary tiller and a right rotary tiller. The left rotary tiller and the right rotary tiller are arranged in a double spiral on the knife shaft, and adjacent knife seats on the same spiral line have a spiral angle of 80° to 100°.

[0038] According to the above technical solution, the blade holder is fixed on the blade shaft, and on the same blade shaft section, the angle between the two blade holders is 120°~150°. This design helps to disperse the force during tillage and improve the overall stability and durability. The rotary tiller is divided into a left-hand rotary tiller and a right-hand rotary tiller, which are arranged in a double spiral on the blade shaft. This arrangement enables the rotary tiller to alternately cut into the soil during rotation, thereby reducing the resistance of the soil to the blade and improving tillage efficiency. The adjacent blade holders on the same spiral line have a spiral rise angle of 80°~100°, which means that as the blade shaft rotates, the rotary tiller will gradually penetrate deeper into the soil. The rotary tiller alternately cuts into the soil during rotation, and through their cutting and stirring actions, the soil is evenly broken and mixed, which is beneficial to the growth of subsequent crops and achieves a deep tillage effect.

[0039] Furthermore, along the running direction of the seed bed preparation machine when it is working, the tail of the frame includes a ridge-forming structure;

[0040] The ridge structure includes two side plates, two guide plates and a tail plate, wherein the guide plate is tiltedly arranged at the connection position between one of the side plates and the tail plate; the tail plate is formed with an opening, the length of the opening is t1, and the distance between the two side plates is t2; wherein t1 <t2。

[0041] According to the above technical solution, when the seed bed preparation machine is working, the frame runs along a preset path. As the frame moves, the ridging structure also moves, gradually forming ridges on the soil. The two side plates support and guide the soil. They limit the soil to the two sides of the ridging structure to prevent the soil from spreading to both sides during the ridging process. The guide plate is tilted at the connection position between the side plate and the tail plate. The inclination angle and position design enable the soil to be lifted upward and moved forward when passing through the guide plate. This design helps to gradually accumulate the soil on the ridge and maintain the shape and height of the ridge. The opening on the tail plate allows the soil after ridging to pass through, but the length a of the opening is less than the distance b between the two side plates, which means that although the soil can flow out through the opening, most of the soil is still retained in the ridging structure to maintain the formation of the ridge. The design of the opening also helps to adjust the width and height of the ridge. As the seed bed preparation machine continues to operate, the ridging structure continuously forms new ridges on the soil. The height, width and shape of each ridge can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the ridging structure (such as the inclination angle of the guide plate, the opening size of the tail plate, etc.). The design of the ridge-forming structure enables the seedbed preparation machine to efficiently complete the ridge-forming operation, reducing the complexity and time cost of manual operation to meet the height, width and shape of the soil ridges to meet the needs of different crops.

[0042] Furthermore, it also includes an intermediate plow, which is detachably mounted on the gearbox.

[0043] According to the above technical solution, during the tillage process, the gearbox drives the middle plow to move, and the middle plow cuts into the soil with its sharp blade to break and loosen the soil. The setting of the middle plow helps to prevent the occurrence of missed tillage. It can till the soil evenly under the drive of the gearbox to ensure that every inch of land is fully treated.

[0044] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0045] 1. The present invention can flexibly adjust the positions of the deep tillage rotary cutter and the shallow tillage rotary cutter on the frame by moving the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft in the deep tillage groove and the shallow tillage groove on the gearbox, thereby adapting to tillage requirements of different depths and improving the flexibility and adaptability of tillage.

[0046] 2. The power is transmitted to the gearbox through the output shaft of the tractor. The gearbox divides the power into two parts through gear transmission inside the gearbox and transmits it to the deep tillage shaft and shallow tillage shaft respectively to drive them to work. During operation, the two side plates can prevent the soil from splashing to both sides when the deep tillage rotary cutter is working, so as to ensure that the device has enough soil for ridge formation; the deep tillage rotary cutter cuts and crushes the deep soil (deep tillage working area) and throws the soil to the rear (shallow tillage working area); the soil after deep tillage moves to the middle to form ridge furrows under the ridge-forming squeezing action of the two side plates, and at the same time the shallow tillage rotary cutter at the rear performs secondary fine crushing on the surface soil of the ridge surface. Finally, under the squeezing action of the guide plate and the tail plate, a flat ridge type that meets the agronomic requirements of seed bed preparation is formed.

[0047] 3. The arc structure of the deep tillage trough and the shallow tillage trough is to realize the smooth movement of the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft, depth adjustment, and convenient engagement and disengagement of the gears and the shaft through the arc trough, the deep tillage extension chamber and the shallow tillage extension chamber, so that the deep tillage shaft and the shallow tillage shaft are more stable during the movement, and it is easy to adjust to different tillage depths. In addition, the design of the deep tillage extension chamber and the shallow tillage extension chamber makes the engagement and disengagement of the gears and the shaft more convenient, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of the equipment.

[0048] 4. Multiple installation positions design: The deep tillage trough and shallow tillage trough are provided with multiple installation positions, so that the deep tillage shaft and shallow tillage shaft can be fixed at different installation positions to meet different tillage needs. Due to the existence of the installation positions, when fixing the deep tillage shaft and shallow tillage shaft, the stress concentration phenomenon on the deep tillage shaft and shallow tillage shaft when fixed can be reduced. When the seed bed preparation machine is working, the deep tillage shaft and shallow tillage shaft are not easy to slip, and the stability is stronger, which reduces the risk of slippage caused by unstable fixation and enhances the stability of the seed bed preparation machine when it is working.

[0049] 5. The deep tillage rotary blade adopts double-helix arranged left-hand and right-hand tillage blades, which makes the soil turning more evenly during tillage and improves the tillage quality. At the same time, the adjacent blade seats on the same spiral line are arranged at a certain spiral angle, which helps to reduce tillage resistance.

[0050] 6. The ridge-forming structure at the rear of the frame can form neat ridges after tillage, which is convenient for subsequent planting operations. The special design of the ridge-forming structure (such as the inclined guide plate and the tail plate with an opening) makes the ridge-forming process smoother and improves work efficiency.

[0051] 7. The detachable installation of the middle plow enables the seed bed preparation machine to easily cope with different tillage requirements, increasing the versatility of the equipment; at the same time, the setting of the middle plow also helps to prevent the occurrence of missed tillage and improve the tillage effect.

[0052] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention in one direction;

[0054] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention from another direction;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a gearbox in Embodiment 1 of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a gearbox of a first embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gearbox of the farmland seed bed preparation machine in Embodiment 1 of the present invention from another angle;

[0058] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the deep plowing gear and the second gear in the gearbox of the farmland seed bed preparation machine embodiment 1 of the present invention when they are separated;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell of the first embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of a farmland seed bed preparation machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a deep tillage gear is installed on a deep tillage shaft;

[0061] Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of another direction in which the deep tillage gear is installed on the deep tillage shaft in Embodiment 1 of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0062] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0063] Fig.11 It is a side view schematic diagram of a frame of a second embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0064] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gearbox of the second embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0065] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell of the second embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0066] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the position relationship of the rotating working parts of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0067] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the deep tillage rotary cutter of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0068] Fig.16 It is a plan view of the deep tillage rotary cutter of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0069] Fig.17 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ridge-forming structure of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0070] Fig.18 It is a top view schematic diagram of the ridging structure of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0071] Fig.19 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fifth embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0072] Fig. 20 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gearbox of a fifth embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention;

[0073] Fig.21 It is a schematic structural diagram of the gearbox of the third embodiment of the farmland seed bed preparation machine of the present invention.

[0074] Among them, the frame 1, the ridging structure 11, the side plate 111, the guide plate 112, the tail plate 113, the gearbox 2, the drive unit 21, the housing 211, the deep tillage trough 2111, the shallow tillage trough 2112, the deep tillage extension chamber 2113, the shallow tillage extension chamber 2114, the output shaft 212, the first gear 213, the second gear 214, the third gear 215, the deep tillage gear 216, the shallow tillage gear 217, the deep tillage shaft 22, Shallow tillage shaft 23, deep tillage rotary cutter 24, cutter shaft 241, cutter seat 242, rotary cutter 243, shallow tillage rotary cutter 25, limiting ring 26, end cover 27, annular groove 271, roller 272, intermediate plow 3, first mounting position a, second mounting position b, third mounting position c, fourth mounting position d, fifth mounting position e, sixth mounting position f, deep tillage transition zone g, shallow tillage transition zone h, uncultivated zone L, deep rotary working zone M, shallow rotary working zone N. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0077] It should be noted that in the current process of agricultural mechanization, farmland seed bed preparation machines, as important soil tillage tools, have performance and adaptability that are directly related to the growth environment and final yield of crops. However, in actual applications, the geological conditions of farmland vary greatly, from loose sandy soil to hard clay. Different soil types have different requirements for the depth and method of rotary tillage. At the same time, the growth habits of different crops also determine their specific needs for soil tillage depth. For example, deep-rooted crops such as corn and sorghum require a deeper tillage layer to promote root development, while shallow-rooted crops such as vegetables and beans pay more attention to the looseness and flatness of the soil surface.

[0078] This embodiment provides a farmland seed bed preparation machine, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, it includes a frame 1 and a gearbox 2, and the gearbox 2 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1; the gearbox 2 includes a driving unit 21, a deep tillage shaft 22 and a shallow tillage shaft 23, the driving unit 21 is used to drive the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 to rotate, and the two ends of the deep tillage shaft 22 are respectively connected to deep tillage rotary cutters 24, and the two ends of the shallow tillage shaft 23 are respectively connected to shallow tillage rotary cutters 25.

[0079] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the driving unit 21 includes a transmission housing 211, an output shaft 212, and a first gear 213, a second gear 214, and a third gear 215 rotatably connected in the transmission housing 211. The output shaft 212 drives the first gear 213 to rotate, and the first gear 213 drives the second gear 214 and the third gear 215 to rotate;

[0080] As a preferred embodiment, Fig.15 As shown, the deep tillage rotary cutter 24 includes a cutter shaft 241 and a plurality of cutter seats 242 fixed on the cutter shaft 241. Two cutter seats 242 with an included angle of 120° to 150° are fixedly connected to the same cutter shaft 241 cross section. In this embodiment, the included angle between the two cutter seats 242 is preferably 135 degrees, and a rotary tillage cutter 243 is installed on each cutter seat 242; Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown, the rotary tiller 243 includes a left rotary tiller and a right rotary tiller. The left rotary tiller and the right rotary tiller are arranged in a double spiral on the blade shaft 241. The adjacent blade seats 242 on the same spiral line have a spiral angle of 80° to 100°. As an exemplary embodiment, Fig.16 As shown, the adjacent blade seats 242 have a 90° spiral angle. In this embodiment, the angle between the two blade seats 242 is 90°. This design helps to disperse the force during tillage and improve overall stability and durability. The rotary tiller 243 is divided into a left rotary tiller and a right rotary tiller. They are arranged in a double spiral on the blade shaft 241. This arrangement allows the rotary tiller 243 to alternately cut into the soil during rotation, thereby reducing the resistance of the soil to the blade and improving the tillage efficiency. The adjacent blade seats 242 on the same spiral line have a 90° spiral angle, which means that as the blade shaft 241 rotates, the rotary tiller 243 will gradually penetrate into the soil. The rotary tiller 243 alternately cuts into the soil during rotation. The soil is evenly crushed and mixed during the tillage process, while reducing the wear and resistance of the soil to the blade. Through their cutting and stirring effects, the refinement and crushing effect is better. At the same time, the use of such an arrangement method can install more rotary tillers 243 on the blade shaft 241 of the same length, which is beneficial to the growth of subsequent crops and achieves a deep tillage effect.

[0081] As a preferred embodiment, along the running direction of the seed bed preparation machine when it is working (that is, Figure 2 direction indicated by the arrow in the middle), such as Fig.17 and Fig.18 As shown, the rear portion of the frame 1 includes a ridge forming structure 11;

[0082] The ridge forming structure 11 includes two side plates 111, two guide plates 112 and a tail plate 113. The two guide plates 112 are respectively arranged at the connection position between the side plates 111 and the tail plate 113 in an inclined manner; the tail plate 113 is formed with an opening, the length / width of the opening is t1, and the distance between the two side plates 111 is t2; wherein, t1

[0083] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the present embodiment further includes an intermediate plow 3, which is detachably mounted on the gearbox 2. During tillage, the gearbox 2 drives the intermediate plow 3 to move, and the intermediate plow 3 cuts into the soil with its sharp blade to break and loosen the soil. The setting of the intermediate plow 3 in the middle helps to prevent the occurrence of missed tillage. Driven by the gearbox 2, it can evenly till the soil to ensure that every inch of land is fully processed.

[0084] The deep tillage shaft 22 is adjustable or non-adjustable, and the shallow tillage shaft 23 is adjustable or non-adjustable.

[0085] In the present invention, when the deep tillage shaft 22 is adjustable and the shallow tillage shaft 23 is adjustable, a deep tillage gear 216 is coaxially connected to the deep tillage shaft 22, and the deep tillage gear 216 and the second gear 214 can be engaged or disengaged with each other; a shallow tillage gear 217 is coaxially connected to the shallow tillage shaft 23, and the shallow tillage gear 217 and the third gear 215 can be engaged or disengaged with each other. When farmland preparation work is required, the tractor transmits power to the output shaft 212 through a universal joint transmission shaft (not shown), and the output shaft 212 immediately starts to rotate and drives the first gear 213 to rotate through a bevel gear set (not shown). The first gear 213, as an intermediate transmission member, can drive the second gear 214 and the third gear 215 to rotate simultaneously through a planetary gear system or a parallel axis gear system. The deep plowing gear 216 and the second gear 214 coaxially connected on the deep plowing shaft 22 can mesh with or disengage from each other. When deep plowing is required, the position of the deep plowing gear 216 is adjusted to make the deep plowing gear 216 mesh with the second gear 214, thereby driving the deep plowing shaft 22 to rotate, and then driving the deep plowing rotary cutter 24 to perform deep plowing operations. Similarly, the shallow plowing gear 217 and the third gear 215 coaxially connected on the shallow plowing shaft 23 can also mesh with or disengage from each other, and the position of the shallow plowing gear 217 is adjusted to achieve shallow plowing operations. By controlling the meshing or disengagement state of the deep plowing gear 216 and the shallow plowing gear 217 with their respective corresponding gears, the switching between deep plowing and shallow plowing and the adjustment of the tillage depth can be easily achieved, and it can adapt to different soil conditions and crop requirements and perform flexible plowing operations.

[0086] As an exemplary embodiment, when the deep tillage shaft 22 is adjustable, a deep tillage groove 2111 is provided on the gearbox 2, and when the shallow tillage shaft 23 is adjustable, a shallow tillage groove 2112 is provided on the gearbox 2. The deep tillage shaft 22 can move along the path of the deep tillage groove 2111 to adjust the position of the deep tillage rotary blade 24 on the gearbox 2; the shallow tillage shaft 23 can move along the path of the shallow tillage groove 2112 to adjust the position of the shallow tillage rotary blade 25 on the gearbox 2. In the present invention, the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 can move along the path of the deep tillage groove 2111 and the path of the shallow tillage groove 2112 on the gearbox 2, and the positions of the deep tillage rotary blade 24 and the shallow tillage rotary blade 25 on the frame 1 can be flexibly adjusted. The specific implementation is as follows: Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, which meet the requirements of farmland cultivation at different depths and improve the flexibility and adaptability of cultivation.

[0087] Embodiment 1

[0088] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, when the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 are adjustable, the deep tillage groove 2111 of this embodiment is an arc-shaped structure, when the deep tillage gear 216 and the second gear 214 are disengaged from each other (corresponding to Figure 6 ), the deep tillage shaft 22 can move along the path of the deep tillage groove 2111; the shallow tillage groove 2112 is an arc-shaped structure. When the shallow tillage gear 217 and the third gear 215 are disengaged from each other, the shallow tillage shaft 23 can move along the path of the shallow tillage groove 2112. According to the above technical solution, when it is necessary to adjust the depth of cultivated land, the deep tillage gear 216 and the second gear 214 are first disengaged from each other. At this time, the deep tillage shaft 22 is no longer directly driven by the second gear 214, but can move along the arc path of the deep tillage groove 2111 under the action of external force (such as manual, electric or hydraulic drive, etc.). It should be noted that the use of manual, electric or hydraulic drive to drive the deep tillage shaft 22 to move along the arc path of the deep tillage groove 2111 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 to move along the arc path of the shallow tillage groove 2112 is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention will not be elaborated herein. In this embodiment, the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 are manually pushed to move left or right, so that the deep tillage shaft 22 is disengaged from the second gear 214, and the shallow tillage shaft 23 is disengaged from the third gear 215. As the position of the deep tillage shaft 22 changes, the depth of the deep tillage rotary blade 24 in the soil also changes accordingly. Similarly, when it is necessary to adjust the shallow tillage depth, the shallow tillage gear 217 and the third gear 215 are first disengaged from each other, and then the shallow tillage shaft 23 is moved along the arc path of the shallow tillage groove 2112 under the action of external force, thereby changing the depth of the shallow tillage rotary blade 25 in the soil, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the depth of the cultivated land.

[0089] Furthermore, if Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, one side of the transmission housing 211 close to the deep plowing gear 216 and the shallow plowing gear 217 protrudes outward, forming a deep plowing extension chamber 2113 and a shallow plowing extension chamber 2114 respectively. The deep plowing shaft 22 can drive the deep plowing gear 216 to slide into the deep plowing extension chamber 2113. When the deep plowing gear 216 is located in the deep plowing extension chamber 2113, the deep plowing gear 216 is disengaged from the second gear 214; the shallow plowing shaft 23 can drive the shallow plowing gear 217 to slide into the shallow plowing extension chamber 2114. When the shallow plowing gear 217 is located in the shallow plowing extension chamber 2114, the shallow plowing gear 217 is disengaged from the third gear 215.

[0090] According to the above technical solution, the transmission housing 211 is designed with an outwardly protruding portion on one side close to the deep plowing gear 216 and the shallow plowing gear 217, respectively forming a deep plowing expansion chamber 2113 and a shallow plowing expansion chamber 2114. These two chambers provide an additional moving space for the deep plowing gear 216 and the shallow plowing gear 217. When it is necessary to adjust the depth of deep plowing or shallow plowing, the operator can start the corresponding adjustment mechanism (such as a hydraulic cylinder, a manual lever, etc.), which can drive the deep plowing shaft 22 or the shallow plowing shaft 23 to move along the axial path; as the deep plowing shaft 22 or the shallow plowing shaft 23 moves axially, the deep plowing gear 216 or the shallow plowing gear 217 will gradually move. Gradually slide out of the normal meshing position with the second gear 214 or the third gear 215. When the deep tillage gear 216 completely enters the deep tillage expansion chamber 2113, the meshing between it and the second gear 214 will be completely disengaged. At this time, the deep tillage shaft 22 can freely rotate and move along the circumference of the second gear 214 in the deep tillage expansion chamber 2113 without being restricted by the transmission of the second gear 214; similarly, when the shallow tillage gear 217 completely enters the shallow tillage expansion chamber 2114, the meshing between it and the third gear 215 will also be completely disengaged. At this time, the shallow tillage shaft 23 can freely rotate and move along the circumference of the third gear 215 in the shallow tillage expansion chamber 2114. After being disengaged from the meshing restriction, the operator can continue to push the deep tillage shaft 22 or the shallow tillage shaft 23 to reach the desired depth position, and finally fix the deep tillage shaft 22 or the shallow tillage shaft 23 at the preset position by operating the locking mechanism (such as a locking screw, a buckle or a hydraulic lock, etc.).

[0091] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, a limit ring 26 is provided on both the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23; the gearbox 2 also includes an end cover 27, which is detachably mounted on the transmission housing 211 by bolt connection, and a ring groove 271 is provided on the side of the end cover 27 close to the limit ring 26, and the limit ring 26 can be installed in the ring groove 271 to limit the movement of the limit ring 26 along the width direction of the gearbox 2; a plurality of rollers 272 are also evenly distributed on the circumference of the ring groove 271, and each roller 272 is rollingly connected to the limit ring 26.

[0092] According to the above technical solution, the limit ring 26 is installed on the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23, and its main function is to limit the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 from moving axially in the gearbox 2, and prevent the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 from being unnecessarily offset or disengaged during the tillage process; the end cover 27 is detachably installed on the transmission housing 211, and an annular groove 271 is provided on the end cover 27, so that the limit ring 26 can be installed in the annular groove 271, and the limit ring 26 can only rotate but not move axially. By evenly distributing a number of rollers 272 on the circumference of the annular groove 271, a rolling connection is formed between these rollers 272 and the limit ring 26, which reduces friction and wear, and makes the movement of the shaft smoother and more precise.

[0093] Embodiment 2

[0094] As a preferred embodiment, Figures 10 to 13 As shown, when the deep plowing shaft 22 and the shallow plowing shaft 23 are adjustable, the deep plowing groove 2111 includes a first mounting position a, a second mounting position b and a third mounting position c, and a deep plowing transition zone g is arranged between the first mounting position a, the second mounting position b and the third mounting position c, and the deep plowing shaft 22 can enter one of the first mounting position a, the second mounting position b and the third mounting position c through the deep plowing transition zone g; when the deep plowing shaft 22 is located at the first mounting position a, the second mounting position b and the third mounting position c, the deep plowing gear 216 is meshed with the second gear 214; when the deep plowing shaft 22 is located in the deep plowing transition zone g, the deep plowing gear 216 is disengaged from the second gear 214.

[0095] According to the above technical solution, the first installation position a, the second installation position b and the third installation position c are the positions where the deep plowing shaft 22 can stay and work stably in the gearbox 2. At these positions, the deep plowing gear 216 remains engaged with the second gear 214, thereby ensuring that power can be transmitted to the deep plowing shaft 22.

[0096] The deep plowing transition zone g is the area connecting these installation positions, which allows the deep plowing shaft 22 to move without engaging with the second gear 214. When the deep plowing shaft 22 is located in the transition zone, the deep plowing gear 216 is disengaged from the second gear 214, so that the deep plowing shaft 22 can move freely to the next installation position.

[0097] If the deep tillage shaft 22 is currently located at a certain installation position (such as the first installation position a) and needs to be moved to the deeper second installation position b or the third installation position c, the deep tillage shaft 22 will first enter the deep tillage transition zone g. In the transition zone, the deep tillage gear 216 gradually disengages from the second gear 214 until it is completely disengaged. Once the deep tillage shaft 22 completely enters the transition zone and disengages from the second gear 214, it can freely move along the groove (deep tillage transition zone g) to the target installation position. During the movement, the deep tillage gear 216 does not mesh with any gear and is therefore not affected by the transmission resistance.

[0098] When the deep plowing shaft 22 reaches the target installation position, the deep plowing shaft 22 can be fixed in this position through a locking mechanism (such as the limit ring 26 in Example 1). At this time, the deep plowing gear 216 will automatically re-engage with the second gear 214 to restore power transmission and start plowing.

[0099] Further, the shallow tillage groove 2112 includes a fourth mounting position d, a fifth mounting position e and a sixth mounting position f, and a shallow tillage transition zone h is provided between the fourth mounting position d, the fifth mounting position e and the sixth mounting position f, and the shallow tillage shaft 23 can enter one of the fourth mounting position d, the fifth mounting position e and the sixth mounting position f through the shallow tillage transition zone h; when the shallow tillage shaft 23 is located at the fourth mounting position d, the fifth mounting position e and the sixth mounting position f, the shallow tillage gear 217 is meshed with the third gear 215; when the shallow tillage shaft 23 is located at the shallow tillage transition zone h, the shallow tillage gear 217 is disengaged from the third gear 215. If the shallow tillage shaft 23 is currently located at a certain mounting position (such as the fourth mounting position d) and needs to be moved to the shallower fifth mounting position e or the deeper sixth mounting position f, the shallow tillage shaft 23 will first enter the shallow tillage transition zone h. In the transition zone, the shallow tillage gear 217 gradually disengages from the third gear 215 until it is completely disengaged. Once the shallow tillage shaft 23 completely enters the transition zone and disengages from the third gear 215, it can move freely along the groove (shallow tillage transition zone h) to the target installation position. During the movement, the shallow tillage gear 217 does not engage with any gear and is therefore not affected by the transmission resistance.

[0100] According to the above technical solution, the working principle of the shallow tillage groove 2112 is similar to that of the deep tillage groove 2111, but it is aimed at the interaction between the shallow tillage shaft 23, the shallow tillage gear 217 and the third gear 215. The shallow tillage groove 2112 includes a fourth mounting position d, a fifth mounting position e and a sixth mounting position f, which provide stable support and positioning points for the shallow tillage shaft 23. Between the mounting positions, a shallow tillage transition zone h is provided to allow the shallow tillage shaft 23 to move when it is out of mesh with the third gear 215. The fourth mounting position d, the fifth mounting position e and the sixth mounting position f in the shallow tillage groove 2112 provide stable support for the shallow tillage shaft 23, ensuring that the shallow tillage gear 217 can maintain a stable meshing state with the third gear 215 during the tillage process.

[0101] Compared with the first embodiment, the second embodiment adopts a deep tillage trough 2111 and a shallow tillage trough 2112 to set a plurality of installation positions, so that the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 can be fixed at different installation positions without complicated calculations and adjustments, so that the farmland seed bed preparation machine can more flexibly adapt to different soil conditions and crop requirements, and quickly adjust the tillage depth to optimize the tillage effect. Due to the existence of the installation positions, when the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 are fixed, the stress concentration phenomenon on the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 when they are fixed can be reduced. When the seed bed preparation machine is working, the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 are not easy to slip, and the stability is stronger, which reduces the risk of slippage caused by unstable fixation and enhances the stability of the seed bed preparation machine when it is working.

[0102] Embodiment 3

[0103] In the first and second embodiments, the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 are adjustable. The present invention also proposes a situation where the deep tillage shaft 22 is not adjustable and the shallow tillage shaft 23 is adjustable. Figure 1 and Fig.21 As shown, a deep tillage gear 216 is coaxially connected to the deep tillage shaft 22, and the deep tillage shaft 22 cannot be adjusted or moved. The deep tillage gear 216 is meshed with the second gear 214; a shallow tillage gear 217 is coaxially connected to the shallow tillage shaft 23, and the shallow tillage gear 217 and the third gear 215 can be meshed or disengaged with each other. When farmland preparation work is required, the tractor transmits power to the output shaft 212 through a universal joint transmission shaft (not shown), and the output shaft 212 immediately starts to rotate and drives the first gear 213 to rotate through a bevel gear set (not shown). The first gear 213, as an intermediate transmission member, can drive the second gear 214 and the third gear 215 to rotate simultaneously through a planetary gear system or a parallel shaft gear system. The deep tillage gear 216 is meshed with the second gear 214, thereby driving the deep tillage shaft 22 to rotate, and then driving the deep tillage rotary cutter 24 to perform deep tillage operations. Similarly, the shallow tillage gear 217 and the third gear 215 coaxially connected on the shallow tillage shaft 23 can also be engaged or disengaged with each other, and the position of the shallow tillage gear 217 can be adjusted to achieve shallow tillage operation. By controlling the engagement or disengagement state of the shallow tillage gear 217 and the corresponding gears, the switching of shallow tillage and the adjustment of tillage depth can be easily achieved, which can adapt to different soil conditions and crop requirements and perform flexible tillage operations.

[0104] Embodiment 4

[0105] Embodiment 3 is a case where the deep tillage shaft 22 is not adjustable and the shallow tillage shaft 23 is adjustable. The present invention also proposes a case where the deep tillage shaft 22 is adjustable and the shallow tillage shaft 23 is not adjustable (not shown in the figure). When the deep tillage shaft 22 is adjustable and the shallow tillage shaft 23 is not adjustable, a deep tillage gear 216 is coaxially connected to the deep tillage shaft 22, and the deep tillage gear 216 and the second gear 214 can be meshed or disengaged with each other; a shallow tillage gear 217 is coaxially connected to the shallow tillage shaft 23, and the shallow tillage gear 217 and the third gear 215 are meshed with each other. When farmland preparation work is required, the tractor transmits power to the output shaft 212 through a universal joint drive shaft (not shown), and the output shaft 212 immediately starts to rotate and drives the first gear 213 to rotate through a bevel gear set (not shown). The first gear 213, as an intermediate transmission member, can drive the second gear 214 and the third gear 215 to rotate simultaneously through a planetary gear system or a parallel shaft gear system. The deep tillage gear 216 coaxially connected to the deep tillage shaft 22 and the second gear 214 can mesh with or disengage from each other. When deep tillage is required, the position of the deep tillage gear 216 is adjusted to mesh with the second gear 214, thereby driving the deep tillage shaft 22 to rotate, and then driving the deep tillage rotary cutter 24 to perform deep tillage. Similarly, the shallow tillage gear 217 coaxially connected to the shallow tillage shaft 23 meshes with the third gear 215 to achieve shallow tillage. By controlling the meshing or disengagement state of the corresponding gear of the deep tillage gear 216, the adjustment of the deep tillage depth can be easily achieved, and it can adapt to different soil conditions and crop requirements, and perform flexible tillage operations.

[0106] Embodiment 5

[0107] The present invention also proposes a situation where both the deep tillage shaft 22 and the shallow tillage shaft 23 are not adjustable, that is, Fig.19 and Fig. 20 As shown, this embodiment does not need to open deep tillage grooves 2111 and shallow tillage grooves 2112 on both sides of the gearbox 2. Since deep tillage grooves 2111 and shallow tillage grooves 2112 are not opened, the deep tillage shaft 22 and shallow tillage shaft 23 can rotate on the gearbox 2, but cannot be adjusted and moved; along the height direction of the frame 1, the deep tillage shaft 22 is located below the shallow tillage shaft 23. The deep tillage shaft 22 is located below, and the deep soil is turned over first to break the plow bottom layer and improve the soil structure; then, the shallow tillage shaft 23 performs shallow tillage on the upper layer to further break the soil and level the surface, providing good soil conditions for sowing or transplanting crops. Fig.14 As shown, the deep tillage rotary cutter 24 plows the uncultivated area L, cuts and breaks the deep soil, and throws the soil to the rear (i.e. Fig.14The middle and deep tillage rotary blade 24 is on the right side to form a deep tillage working area M; the soil after deep tillage moves toward the middle to form a ridge furrow under the ridge-forming and squeezing action of the two side plates 111, and at the same time, the rear shallow tillage rotary blade 25 performs secondary fine crushing on the surface soil of the ridge surface (shallow tillage working area N), and finally, under the squeezing action of the guide plate 112 and the tail plate 113, a flat ridge type that meets the agronomic requirements of seed bed preparation is formed, which is suitable for the planting needs of different crops; at the same time, deep tillage and shallow tillage also improve the degree of soil refinement (such as cutting and crushing), with a compact structure and high application value.

[0108] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or change made by a person skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A farmland seed bed preparation machine, characterized in that: include: A frame (1) and a gearbox (2), wherein the gearbox (2) is fixedly connected to the frame (1); The gearbox (2) comprises a driving unit (21), a deep tillage shaft (22) and a shallow tillage shaft (23); the driving unit (21) is used to drive the deep tillage shaft (22) and the shallow tillage shaft (23) to rotate; the two ends of the deep tillage shaft (22) are respectively connected to deep tillage rotary knives (24); the two ends of the shallow tillage shaft (23) are respectively connected to shallow tillage rotary knives (25); along the height direction of the frame (1), the deep tillage shaft (22) is located below the shallow tillage shaft (23); The deep tillage shaft (22) is adjustable or non-adjustable, and the shallow tillage shaft (23) is adjustable or non-adjustable; The driving unit (21) comprises a transmission housing (211), an output shaft (212), and a first gear (213), a second gear (214), and a third gear (215) rotatably connected to the transmission housing (211), wherein the output shaft (212) drives the first gear (213) to rotate, and the first gear (213) drives the second gear (214) and the third gear (215) to rotate; When the deep tillage shaft (22) is adjustable, a deep tillage groove (2111) is provided on the gearbox (2), and the deep tillage shaft (22) can move along the path of the deep tillage groove (2111) to adjust the position of the deep tillage rotary blade (24) on the frame (1); a deep tillage gear (216) is coaxially connected to the deep tillage shaft (22), and the deep tillage gear (216) and the second gear (214) can be meshed or disengaged with each other; And / or, the shallow tillage shaft (23) is adjustable, a shallow tillage groove (2112) is provided on the gearbox (2), and the shallow tillage shaft (23) can move along the path of the shallow tillage groove (2112) to adjust the position of the shallow tillage rotary blade (25) on the frame (1); A shallow tillage gear (217) is coaxially connected to the shallow tillage shaft (23), and the shallow tillage gear (217) and the third gear (215) can be meshed with or disengaged from each other; When the deep tillage shaft (22) is adjustable, the deep tillage groove (2111) has an arc-shaped structure, and when the deep tillage gear (216) and the second gear (214) are disengaged from each other, the deep tillage shaft (22) can move along the path of the deep tillage groove (2111); When the shallow tillage shaft (23) is adjustable, the shallow tillage groove (2112) has an arc-shaped structure, and when the shallow tillage gear (217) and the third gear (215) are disengaged from each other, the shallow tillage shaft (23) can move along the path of the shallow tillage groove (2112); The transmission housing (211) protrudes outwards on one side close to the deep tillage gear (216) and the shallow tillage gear (217), and is respectively provided with a deep tillage expansion chamber (2113) and a shallow tillage expansion chamber (2114); the deep tillage shaft (22) can drive the deep tillage gear (216) to slide into the deep tillage expansion chamber (2113); when the deep tillage gear (216) is located in the deep tillage expansion chamber (2113), the deep tillage gear (216) is disengaged from the second gear (214); the shallow tillage shaft (23) can drive the shallow tillage gear (217) to slide into the shallow tillage expansion chamber (2114); when the shallow tillage gear (217) is located in the shallow tillage expansion chamber (2114), the shallow tillage gear (217) is disengaged from the third gear (215); Along the running direction of the seed bed preparation machine when in operation, the rear portion of the frame (1) includes a ridging structure (11); The ridge forming structure (11) comprises two side plates (111), two guide plates (112) and a tail plate (113); the guide plate (112) is arranged obliquely at a connection position between one of the side plates (111) and the tail plate (113); the tail plate (113) is formed with an opening, the length of the opening is t1, and the distance between the two side plates (111) is t2; wherein, t1 <t2。 2. The farmland seed bed preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep tillage shaft (22) and the shallow tillage shaft (23) are both provided with limit rings (26); The gearbox (2) further comprises an end cover (27), the end cover (27) being detachably mounted on the transmission housing (211), a ring groove (271) being formed on a side of the end cover (27) close to the limiting ring (26), the limiting ring (26) being mounted in the ring groove (271) to limit movement of the limiting ring (26) along the width direction of the gearbox (2); A plurality of rollers (272) are evenly distributed on the circumferential surface of the annular groove (271), and each of the rollers (272) is rollingly connected to the limiting ring (26).

3. The farmland seed bed preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the deep tillage shaft (22) is adjustable, the deep tillage groove (2111) comprises a first mounting position (a), a second mounting position (b) and a third mounting position (c); a deep tillage transition zone (g) is provided between the first mounting position (a), the second mounting position (b) and the third mounting position (c); and the deep tillage shaft (22) can enter one of the first mounting position (a), the second mounting position (b) and the third mounting position (c) through the deep tillage transition zone (g); When the deep tillage shaft (22) is located at the first installation position (a), the second installation position (b) and the third installation position (c), the deep tillage gear (216) is meshed with the second gear (214); when the deep tillage shaft (22) is located in the deep tillage transition zone (g), the deep tillage gear (216) is disengaged from the second gear (214).

4. The farmland seed bed preparation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the shallow tillage shaft (23) is adjustable, the shallow tillage groove (2112) comprises a fourth mounting position (d), a fifth mounting position (e) and a sixth mounting position (f); a shallow tillage transition zone (h) is provided between the fourth mounting position (d), the fifth mounting position (e) and the sixth mounting position (f); and the shallow tillage shaft (23) can enter one of the fourth mounting position (d), the fifth mounting position (e) and the sixth mounting position (f) through the shallow tillage transition zone (h); When the shallow tillage shaft (23) is located at the fourth mounting position (d), the fifth mounting position (e) and the sixth mounting position (f), the shallow tillage gear (217) is meshed with the third gear (215); when the shallow tillage shaft (23) is located in the shallow tillage transition zone (h), the shallow tillage gear (217) is disengaged from the third gear (215).

5. The farmland seed bed preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep tillage rotary blade (24) comprises a blade shaft (241) and a plurality of blade seats (242) fixed on the blade shaft (241); two blade seats (242) at an angle of 120° to 150° are fixedly connected to the same cross section of the blade shaft (241); and a rotary tillage blade (243) is disposed on each blade seat (242); The rotary tiller (243) comprises a left rotary tiller and a right rotary tiller, the left rotary tiller and the right rotary tiller being arranged in a double helix on the knife shaft (241), and adjacent knife seats (242) on the same helix have a helix angle of 80° to 100°.

6. The farmland seed bed preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an intermediate plough (3), wherein the intermediate plough (3) is detachably mounted on the gearbox (2).

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