Multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit and array

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit and its array. In the antenna structure unit, the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked up and down, allowing the antennas of the two frequency bands to work with the same aperture, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna structure unit. At the same time, the antenna units of different frequency bands adopt independent feeding structures, thereby improving the high transceiver isolation between different frequency bands, and the feeding structures of all antenna units adopt microstrip ring bridges, thereby realizing the transceiver multiplexing of the antenna in its corresponding frequency band, thereby improving the overall efficiency and performance of the antenna structure unit. Specifically, the first frequency band antenna unit generates circular polarization by adopting a four-feed method, and the second frequency band antenna unit generates circular polarization by adopting a dual-feed method, and the bandwidth of the transceiver antenna in its corresponding frequency band is widened by setting multiple feeding points, thereby realizing broadband circular polarization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic radiation technology, and more specifically, to a multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit and an array thereof. Background Art

[0002] Antennas, as basic devices for receiving and transmitting radio waves, are an indispensable part of wireless communication systems. Circularly polarized antennas are widely used in mobile communications, base station positioning and other fields because they have good resistance to multipath effects and interference from weather factors such as rain and fog. Common circularly polarized array antennas are usually implemented based on microstrip line structures. They have simple structures, are easy to process, and have low profiles. In addition, due to the characteristics of the electric field of electromagnetic waves of circularly polarized antennas, they are insensitive to the positions of the transmitting and receiving antennas, making the installation and application of antennas more convenient and more suitable for mobile communication scenarios. In addition, circularly polarized antennas can receive incoming waves of any polarization, and their radiated waves can also be received by any polarized antenna. Circularly polarized antennas have orthogonal rotation directions. At the same time, when the polarized wave is incident on a symmetrical target (such as a plane, a sphere, etc.), the rotation direction is reversed, and electromagnetic waves of different rotation directions have a large value of polarization isolation.

[0003] However, circularly polarized antennas also usually have the problems of narrow bandwidth and low receiving and transmitting efficiency. When circularly polarized antennas are used in application scenarios that require high-efficiency and high-performance antennas, under the conditions of overall miniaturization of the antenna and limited aperture, the antenna must meet the requirements of simultaneous transmission and reception, and the transmitting and receiving antennas each occupy a part of the aperture, which will also cause the effective aperture of the transmitting and receiving antennas to become smaller. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide an antenna structure unit and an array thereof that realize wideband circular polarization, multi-frequency common aperture and multiplexing of transmitting and receiving antennas.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit, wherein the antenna structure unit comprises, from top to bottom, a first frequency band antenna unit and a second frequency band antenna unit, and the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are coaxially arranged at their centers;

[0006] The first frequency band antenna unit at least includes a first radiation patch and a first feeding structure arranged from top to bottom; the first feeding structure includes a plurality of first feeding patches, a first metallized via and a first microstrip feeding network, the first metallized via connecting the first feeding patch and the first microstrip feeding network; the first microstrip feeding network includes two first microstrip ring bridges, each first microstrip ring bridge is respectively connected to two adjacent first metallized vias, the first metallized via is connected to the first microstrip feeding network to form four first feeding ports, and the phase differences of the four first feeding ports are 0, 90°, 180° and 270° respectively;

[0007] The second frequency band antenna unit at least includes a second radiation patch and a second feeding structure arranged from top to bottom; the second feeding structure includes a plurality of second feeding patches, a second metallized via and a second microstrip feeding network, and the second metallized via connects the second feeding patch and the second microstrip feeding network; the second microstrip feeding network includes a second microstrip ring bridge, and the connection between the second metallized via and the second microstrip feeding network forms two feeding ports, and the phase difference between the two second feeding ports is 90°;

[0008] The antenna structure unit also includes a metal floor, which is an intermediate layer arranged between the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network.

[0009] In the present technical solution, the antenna structure unit includes a first-band antenna unit and a second-band antenna unit coaxially arranged up and down, allowing at least two antennas of different frequency bands to work simultaneously in the same aperture plane, thereby saving the space occupied by the two antennas of different frequency bands and reducing the overall size of the antenna structure unit; at the same time, antenna units of different frequency bands adopt independent feeding structures, and the feeding structures of the two are not connected to each other. At the same time, the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network are separated by a metal floor, thereby avoiding mutual coupling between the first-band antenna unit and the second-band antenna unit, improving the transmit-receive isolation between antennas of different frequency bands, and ensuring the transmit-receive efficiency of the antenna structure unit as a whole between the two frequency bands. Specifically, in the first frequency band antenna unit, the first feeding structure includes a plurality of first feeding patches, a first metallized via and two first microstrip ring bridges, each of which is respectively connected to two adjacent first metallized vias, so that four first feeding ports are formed in the first feeding structure by the connection between the first microstrip ring bridge and the first metallized via; in the second frequency band antenna unit, the second feeding structure includes a plurality of second feeding patches, a second metallized via and a second microstrip ring bridge, and the second microstrip ring bridge connects two adjacent second metallized vias to form two feeding ports; in the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit, microstrip ring bridges are used in their corresponding feeding structures to realize the multiplexing of transmission and reception of the antenna in its corresponding frequency band, thereby improving the overall efficiency and performance of the antenna structure unit. Furthermore, in the first frequency band antenna unit, four first feeding ports with phase differences of 0, 90°, 180°, and 270° are formed, respectively, thereby generating circular polarization in the first frequency band antenna unit by adopting a four-feed method; in the second frequency band antenna unit, two second feeding ports with a phase difference of 90° are formed, thereby generating circular polarization in the second frequency band antenna unit by adopting a dual-feed method; at the same time, in the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit, the bandwidth of the transceiver antenna in its corresponding frequency band is broadened by setting multiple feed points to achieve wideband circular polarization.

[0010] Furthermore, coupling feeding is adopted between the first feeding structure and the first radiation patch, and between the second feeding structure and the second radiation patch; there is a certain gap between the first feeding patch and the second feeding patch and their corresponding radiation patches in the vertical direction. In the present technical scheme, coupling feeding is adopted in the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit to promote the generation of circularly polarized waves in each frequency band antenna unit and expand its corresponding frequency bandwidth, further realizing broadband circular polarization; at the same time, by adopting the coupling feeding method, the gap height between the feeding patch and its corresponding radiation patch can be adjusted, so as to conveniently achieve impedance matching between the feeding patch and the radiation patch, thereby realizing a wider frequency bandwidth, further, enabling the antenna structure unit to adapt to more application scenarios, improving its versatility and flexibility.

[0011] Furthermore, the first radiation patch is a circular patch; an end of the first feeding patch away from the center of the first radiation patch does not exceed the coverage range of the first radiation patch;

[0012] The second radiation patch is a circular patch, and the size of the second radiation patch is larger than that of the first radiation patch, and the end of the second feeding patch away from the center of the second radiation patch does not exceed the coverage range of the second radiation patch;

[0013] The first metallized via hole is arranged through the second radiation patch; a first avoidance groove is provided on the second radiation patch at the intersection with the first metallized via hole, and the size of the first avoidance groove is larger than the first metallized via hole.

[0014] In the present technical solution, circular patches are used for the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch. The circular patches arranged coaxially in layers are used to stimulate the generation of circular polarized waves in the antenna structure unit. At the same time, the size of the second radiation patch is made larger than the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch serves as a reference ground for the first radiation patch, and the first radiation patch also serves as a guide patch for the second radiation patch, thereby guiding the radiation pattern of the second frequency band antenna unit, thereby improving the gain of the two frequency band antenna units, broadening their working bandwidths, and further realizing broadband circular polarization. Furthermore, in each frequency band antenna unit, the size of its feed patch is not larger than the size of its radiation patch. Since the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked, the first metallized via in the first frequency band antenna unit can pass through the second radiation patch and the second feed patch through reasonable spatial layout, so that the two antenna units are nested together, making full use of the carrier space, and realizing the low profile and miniaturization of the antenna structure unit; at the same time, in order to ensure that the nested setting of the first metallized via does not affect the use function of the second frequency band antenna unit, a first air avoidance groove larger than the first metallized via is opened at the intersection of the second radiation patch and the first metallized via, thereby avoiding direct contact between the two, thereby reducing the electromagnetic coupling between antenna units of different working frequency bands, and improving the isolation between antenna units of different frequency bands, so that antenna units of multiple frequency bands can work independently of each other, ensuring the working performance of antenna units of each frequency band.

[0015] Further, the first feeding structure includes four groups of first feeding patches and first metallized vias, the first feeding patches are symmetrically arranged with the center of the first radiating patch as the origin and are distributed in a cross shape, and the first feeding patches are not connected to each other; so that the first feeding patch is arranged in accordance with the four first feeding ports, ensuring that their phase differences are successively 0, 90°, 180°, and 270°, ensuring the circular polarization effect of the first frequency band antenna unit; at the same time, by setting the first feeding patches symmetrically and not connected to each other, the first feeding patch and the first radiating patch can be conveniently matched with each other by adjusting the gap size and size between the first feeding patches, thereby achieving a wider bandwidth. Further, the first metallized via is arranged to correspond to the first feeding patch one by one and connected to the end of the first feeding patch away from the center of the first radiating patch, thereby maximizing the setting spacing between the first metallized vias, thereby reducing the mutual interference between the first metallized vias, and improving the working efficiency and performance of the antenna unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the second feeding structure includes two groups of second feeding patches and second metallized vias, the second feeding patches are arranged on the center line of the second radiation patch, and the second feeding patches are arranged vertically and are not connected to each other, so that the second feeding patch is arranged in accordance with the two second feeding ports, ensuring that the phase difference is 90°, thereby ensuring the circular polarization effect of the second frequency band antenna unit. Furthermore, the second metallized vias are arranged to correspond one-to-one with the second feeding patches and are connected to the second feeding patch at one end away from the center of the second radiation patch, thereby maximizing the spacing between the second metallized vias, thereby reducing the mutual interference between the second metallized vias, and improving the working efficiency and performance of the antenna unit.

[0017] Preferably, the first feed patch and the second feed patch can use strip lines, so that the antenna structure unit can be better concentrated on the PCB, reducing the cross-section of the antenna structure unit, and its structural settings can be made in one piece through the PCB production process, saving production costs and being more economical.

[0018] Preferably, since the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked and nested, the setting position of the second feed patch is set to avoid the setting position of the first feed patch, further avoiding the first metallized via directly contacting the second frequency band antenna unit, thereby reducing the electromagnetic coupling between antenna units of different working frequency bands, improving the isolation between antenna units of different frequency bands, so that antenna units of multiple frequency bands can work independently of each other, ensuring the working performance of antenna units of each frequency band.

[0019] Furthermore, in order to ensure that antenna units of different frequency bands operate independently and normally within their corresponding frequency bands and reduce mutual interference between antennas of different frequency bands, the range covered by the first feed patch is set to be larger than the range covered by the second feed patch; at the same time, the second microstrip feeding network is set within the range covered by the second feed patch, and the first microstrip feeding network is set away from the range covered by the first feed patch. By completely avoiding the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network, not only the mutual coupling between antenna units of different frequency bands is reduced, but also the transmitting and receiving ports of antenna units of different frequency bands are separated, thereby optimizing the overall layout of the antenna structure unit and improving the overall working performance of the antenna structure unit.

[0020] Furthermore, since the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked and nested, the first microstrip feeding network is located on the upper layer of the metal floor, and the second microstrip feeding network is located on the lower layer of the metal floor, so that the mutual coupling between the two microstrip feeding networks is reduced by the action of the metal floor; preferably, the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network both maintain a certain gap with the metal floor in the vertical direction; further, the setting size of the metal floor is larger than the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch. When the second microstrip feeding network is set in its lower layer, the second metallized via is set through the metal floor. On the metal floor, a second air avoidance groove is opened at the intersection with the second metallized via. The size of the second air avoidance groove is larger than the second metallized via, which further reduces the electromagnetic coupling between antenna units of different working frequency bands and improves the isolation between antenna units of different frequency bands, so that antenna units of multiple frequency bands can work independently of each other, ensuring the working performance of antenna units of each frequency band.

[0021] Furthermore, the first radiation patch is provided with metal gaps, which are four linear metal gaps, which are symmetrically centered at the center of the first radiation patch and are distributed in a cross shape, and the linear metal gaps do not intersect with each other. Since the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked with the same aperture, the isolation between the receiving and transmitting antennas of different frequency bands is further improved by providing unconnected linear gaps on the first radiation patch.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna array, including a control unit and an array arrangement of several multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure units as provided in the present technical solution, wherein each unit in the antenna array is integrated on a PCB.

[0023] In the technical solution, the control unit and several antenna structure units arranged in the array are integrally prepared to form an antenna PCB, and the control unit is used to control the feeding phase of the antenna structure unit, thereby controlling the scanning direction of the beam. In the antenna structure unit, two frequency band antenna units are included that are arranged with the same aperture, and the two frequency band antenna units realize the multiplexing of receiving and transmitting functions on the same antenna unit through a microstrip ring bridge. The control unit connects the two ports in each microstrip ring bridge, and configures the phase of each frequency band antenna unit in the antenna structure unit, which can radiate horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, +45° polarization, -45° polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization electromagnetic waves respectively, and at the same time compensate for the phase difference and amplitude difference of each antenna unit due to the feeding network, so that the antenna structure unit can realize four working states of directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band, and directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band.

[0024] In one of the embodiments, a broadband circularly polarized antenna array with co-aperture, multiplexing of transmission and reception and applicable to L and S frequency bands is provided, wherein the transmitting operating frequency band of the antenna unit in the L frequency band is 1710Mhz~1785Mhz, and the receiving operating frequency band is 1805Mhz~1880Mhz, and the transmitting operating frequency band of the antenna unit in the S frequency band is 2110Mhz~2200Mhz, and the receiving operating frequency band is 1920Mhz~2010Mhz. Specifically, the antenna array realizes the function of the control unit by loading a TR chip, and is also loaded with an antenna structure unit as provided in the present technical solution. The control unit and the antenna structure unit are integrated to form an antenna PCB. In the antenna structure unit, antenna units of two frequency bands, L and S, are provided with a common aperture, and the two frequency band antenna units realize the multiplexing of receiving and transmitting functions on the same antenna unit through a microstrip ring bridge. The two ports in each microstrip ring bridge in each antenna unit are connected through a TR chip, and the phases of the antenna units of each frequency band in the antenna structure unit are configured, thereby generating different working states in the antenna array.

[0025] The antenna unit of the L band includes at least a circular second radiation patch arranged from top to bottom, two second feeding patches arranged vertically and unconnected to each other, two second metallized vias arranged at the distal end of the second feeding patch, and a second microstrip ring bridge. There is a certain gap between the second feeding patch and the second radiation patch in the vertical direction to form coupled feeding; the second metallized via connects the second feeding patch and the second microstrip ring bridge; two feeding ports are formed at the connection between the second metallized via and the second microstrip ring bridge, and the phase difference between the two second feeding ports is 90°. Broadband circular polarization is achieved through dual feeding and coupled feeding, and transceiver multiplexing in the antenna unit is achieved by adopting a microstrip ring bridge.

[0026] The antenna unit of the S band includes at least a circular first radiation patch arranged from top to bottom, four first feeding patches in a cross shape and not connected to each other, four first metallized vias arranged at the distal end of the first feeding patch and two first microstrip ring bridges. There is a certain gap between the first feeding patch and the first radiation patch in the vertical direction to form coupled feeding; the first metallized vias are connected to the first feeding patches and are connected to the first microstrip ring bridges in groups of two, thereby forming four feeding ports at the connection, and the phase differences between the four first feeding ports are generated as 0, 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively, and broadband circular polarization is realized by four feeds and coupled feeding, and the transceiver multiplexing in the antenna unit is realized by adopting the microstrip ring bridge; at the same time, four groups of cross-shaped and unconnected metal gaps are opened in the center of the first radiation patch to improve the transceiver isolation between different frequencies.

[0027] In the same antenna structure unit, the antenna unit of the S band is stacked on the antenna unit of the L band and the two are partially nested. The generation of circularly polarized waves in the antenna structure unit is stimulated by stacking the first and second radiation patches coaxially, and the size of the second radiation patch is larger than the first radiation patch, so that the second radiation patch serves as the reference ground of the first radiation patch, and the first radiation patch also serves as the guide patch of the second radiation patch, thereby improving the gain of the antenna units of the two frequency bands and further realizing broadband circular polarization. Furthermore, the first metallized via passes through the second radiation patch to connect the first feed patch and the first microstrip ring bridge, and a first avoidance groove larger than the first metallized via is opened at the intersection of the second radiation patch and the first metallized via. At the same time, the first microstrip ring bridge is arranged on the upper layer of the metal floor, the second microstrip ring bridge is arranged on the lower layer of the metal floor, the second metallized via passes through the metal floor, and a second avoidance groove larger than the size of the second metallized via is opened at the intersection of the second metallized via on the metal floor. By setting a variety of air-avoiding slots, the combination and nesting of antenna units of different frequency bands is realized, making the antenna structure unit more miniaturized, and avoiding direct contact between the two, thus ensuring the independent working performance of the antenna units of the two frequency bands. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. A multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit is provided. By means of a first frequency band antenna unit and a second frequency band antenna unit coaxially arranged up and down, at least two antennas of different frequency bands are allowed to work simultaneously in the same aperture plane, thereby saving the space occupied by the two antennas of different frequency bands and reducing the overall size of the antenna structure unit.

[0029] 2. In the antenna structure unit, different antenna units use independent feeding structures, and the feeding structures of the two are not connected to each other and are separated by a metal floor, thereby avoiding mutual coupling between the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit, improving the transmission and reception isolation between antennas of different frequency bands, and ensuring the overall transmission and reception efficiency of the antenna structure unit between the two frequency bands.

[0030] 3. In the antenna structure unit, the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit, microstrip ring bridges are used in their corresponding feeding structures to realize the multiplexing of antenna transmission and reception in their corresponding frequency bands, thereby improving the overall efficiency and performance of the antenna structure unit.

[0031] 4. In the antenna structure unit, four first feeding ports with phase differences of 0, 90°, 180°, and 270° are formed in the first frequency band antenna unit, thereby generating circular polarization in the first frequency band antenna unit by adopting a four-feed method; in the second frequency band antenna unit, two second feeding ports with a phase difference of 90° are formed, thereby generating circular polarization in the second frequency band antenna unit by adopting a dual-feed method; at the same time, in the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit, the bandwidth of the transceiver antenna in its corresponding frequency band is broadened by setting multiple feeding points to achieve wideband circular polarization.

[0032] 5. A multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna array is provided, including a control unit and a multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit arranged in the array, which is connected to two ports in each microstrip ring bridge through the control unit, and the phase of the antenna unit in each frequency band in the antenna structure unit is configured, so that horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, +45° polarization, -45° polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization electromagnetic waves can be radiated respectively, and the phase difference and amplitude difference of each antenna unit caused by the feeding network can be compensated, so that the antenna structure unit can realize four working states of directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band, and directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structural unit of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is the second overall structural schematic diagram of the multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structural unit of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structural unit of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is one of the schematic diagrams of the feeding structure in the multi-frequency co-aperture transmitting and receiving multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a second schematic diagram of the feeding structure in the multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is the S11 return loss of the antenna array provided in Example 3 in the L frequency band of 1710Mhz~1785Mhz to 1805Mhz~1880Mhz.

[0039] Figure 7This is a graph of the S11 return loss of the antenna array provided in Example 3 in the S-band from 1920Mhz to 2010Mhz to 2110Mhz to 2200Mhz.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a normal axis ratio diagram of the antenna units of the antenna array provided in Example 3 in the S-band 1920Mhz~2010Mhz to 2110Mhz~2200Mhz.

[0041] Fig. 9 This is a normal axis ratio diagram of the antenna units of the antenna array provided in Example 3 in the L frequency band of 1710Mhz~1785Mhz to 1805Mhz~1880Mhz.

[0042] Fig.10 This is the circular polarization pattern of the antenna units of the antenna array provided in Example 3 in the S-band 1920Mhz~2010Mhz to 2110Mhz~2200Mhz.

[0043] Fig.11 This is the circular polarization pattern of the antenna unit of the antenna array provided in Example 3 in the L frequency band of 1710Mhz~1785Mhz to 1805Mhz~1880Mhz.

[0044] Description of the drawings: a first radiation patch 100, a first feeding patch 110, a first metallized via 120, a first microstrip ring bridge 130, a metal gap 140, a second radiation patch 200, a second feeding patch 210, a second metallized via 220, a second microstrip ring bridge 230, a metal floor 300, a first avoidance groove 410, and a second avoidance groove 420. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The drawings of the present invention are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; it is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0046] With the development of communication systems, the requirements for antenna performance are getting higher and higher, driving antennas to develop in the direction of miniaturization and multi-band. Among them, the electromagnetic waves used by microwave antennas for satellite communications are generally in the microwave frequency band, and the frequency range is 1GHz to 40GHz. According to the frequency band, the microwave frequency band can be divided into: L, S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka band, and different frequency bands have different uses. Specifically, IEEE calls the 1-2GHz frequency band the L band, which is widely used in satellite positioning, satellite communications, and ground mobile communications; at the same time, the 2-4GHz frequency band is called the S band, which is mainly used for weather radar, marine radar, and satellite communications.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit, and the antenna structure unit includes a first frequency band antenna unit and a second frequency band antenna unit from top to bottom, and the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are coaxially arranged in the center; by the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit being coaxially arranged up and down, at least two different frequency band antennas are allowed to work simultaneously in the same aperture plane, saving the space occupied by the two different frequency band antennas and reducing the overall size of the antenna structure unit.

[0049] In the antenna structure unit, the first frequency band antenna unit at least includes a first radiation patch 100 and a first feeding structure arranged from top to bottom; the first feeding structure includes a plurality of first feeding patches 110, a first metallized via 120 and a first microstrip feeding network, and the first metallized via 120 connects the first feeding patch 110 and the first microstrip feeding network; the first microstrip feeding network includes two first microstrip ring bridges 130, each of the first microstrip ring bridges 130 is respectively connected to two adjacent first metallized vias 120, and the first metallized via 120 is connected to the first microstrip feeding network to form four first feeding ports, and the phase differences of the four first feeding ports are 0, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively;

[0050] The second frequency band antenna unit at least includes a second radiation patch 200 and a second feeding structure arranged from top to bottom; the second feeding structure includes a plurality of second feeding patches 210, a second metallized via 220 and a second microstrip feeding network, and the second metallized via 220 connects the second feeding patch 210 and the second microstrip feeding network; the second microstrip feeding network includes a second microstrip ring bridge 230, and two feeding ports are formed at the connection between the second metallized via 220 and the second microstrip feeding network, and the phase difference between the two second feeding ports is 90°;

[0051] The antenna structure unit further includes a metal floor 300 , which is an intermediate layer arranged between the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network.

[0052] In the first frequency band antenna unit, circular polarization is generated by adopting a four-feed method; in the second frequency band antenna unit, circular polarization is generated by adopting a dual-feed method; at the same time, in both the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit, multiple feed points are set to stimulate and broaden the bandwidth of the transceiver antenna in its corresponding frequency band, thereby realizing wideband circular polarization. At the same time, antenna units of different frequency bands use independent feeding structures, and the feeding structures of the two are not connected to each other, which improves the transceiver isolation between antennas of different frequency bands and ensures the overall transceiver efficiency of the antenna structure unit between the two frequency bands. Furthermore, in the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit, microstrip ring bridges are used in their corresponding feeding structures to realize the transceiver multiplexing of the antenna in its corresponding frequency band, thereby improving the overall efficiency and performance of the antenna structure unit.

[0053] Furthermore, coupled feeding is adopted between the first feeding structure and the first radiation patch 100, and between the second feeding structure and the second radiation patch 200. The coupled feeding method promotes the generation of circularly polarized waves in the antenna units of each frequency band and expands the corresponding frequency bandwidth, thereby further realizing broadband circular polarization. Specifically, there is a certain gap between the first feeding patch 110 and the second feeding patch 210 and their corresponding radiation patches in the vertical direction, and the gap height between the feeding patch and the corresponding radiation patch can be adjusted to conveniently achieve impedance matching between the feeding patch and the radiation patch, thereby realizing a wider frequency bandwidth.

[0054] Furthermore, the first radiation patch 100 adopts a circular patch; the end of the first feed patch 110 away from the center of the first radiation patch 100 does not exceed the coverage range of the first radiation patch 100; the second radiation patch 200 adopts a circular patch, and the size of the second radiation patch 200 is larger than the first radiation patch 100, and the end of the second feed patch 210 away from the center of the second radiation patch 200 does not exceed the coverage range of the second radiation patch 200; the generation of circular polarized waves in the antenna structure unit is stimulated by stacking coaxial circular patches, so that the size of the second radiation patch 200 is larger than the first radiation patch 100, the second radiation patch 200 serves as a reference ground for the first radiation patch 100, and the first radiation patch 100 also serves as a guide plate for the second radiation patch, thereby guiding the radiation pattern of the second frequency band antenna unit, thereby improving the gain of the two frequency band antenna units, broadening the working bandwidth of the two, and further realizing broadband circular polarization.

[0055] Furthermore, a first metallized via is arranged to pass through the second radiation patch 200; on the second radiation patch 200, a first air avoidance groove 410 is opened at the intersection with the first metallized via, and the size of the first air avoidance groove 410 is larger than the first metallized via, so that the two antenna units are nested together and the carrier space is fully utilized to achieve a low profile and miniaturization of the antenna structure unit, and direct contact between the two is avoided, thereby ensuring that antenna units of multiple frequency bands can work independently of each other.

[0056] Furthermore, the first feeding structure includes four groups of first feeding patches 110 and first metallized vias 120. The first feeding patches 110 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the first radiation patch 100 as the origin and are distributed in a cross shape, and the first feeding patches 110 are not connected to each other; thereby, the first feeding patch 110 is arranged consistently with the four first feeding ports to ensure that their phase differences are 0, 90°, 180°, and 270° in sequence, thereby ensuring the circular polarization effect of the first frequency band antenna unit; at the same time, by arranging the first feeding patches 110 symmetrically and not connected to each other, the first feeding patches 110 can be conveniently impedance matched with the first radiation patch 100 by adjusting the gap size and size between the first feeding patches 110, thereby achieving a wider bandwidth.

[0057] Furthermore, the second feeding structure includes two groups of second feed patches 210 and second metallized vias 220. The second feed patches 210 are arranged on the center line of the second radiation patch 200. The second feed patches 210 are arranged vertically and are not connected to each other, so that the second feed patches 210 are arranged consistently with the two second feed ports to ensure that the phase difference is 90°, thereby ensuring the circular polarization effect of the second frequency band antenna unit.

[0058] Furthermore, the connection positions of the first metallized via 120, the second metallized via 220 and their corresponding feed patches are arranged at an end away from the center, thereby maximizing the spacing between the first metallized via 120 and the second metallized via 220, thereby reducing mutual interference between the first metallized via 120 and the second metallized via 220 and improving the working efficiency and performance of the antenna unit.

[0059] Preferably, the first feed patch 110 and the second feed patch 210 can use strip lines, so that the antenna structure unit can be better concentrated on the PCB, reducing the cross-section of the antenna structure unit, and its structural settings can be made in one piece through the PCB production process, saving production costs and being more economical.

[0060] Preferably, since the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked and nested, the setting position of the second feed patch 210 is set to avoid the setting position of the first feed patch 110, further avoiding the first metallized via 120 from directly contacting the second frequency band antenna unit, thereby reducing the electromagnetic coupling between antenna units of different working frequency bands, improving the isolation between antenna units of different frequency bands, so that antenna units of multiple frequency bands can work independently of each other, ensuring the working performance of antenna units of each frequency band.

[0061] Furthermore, in order to ensure that antenna units of different frequency bands operate independently and normally within their corresponding frequency bands and reduce mutual interference between antennas of different frequency bands, the range covered by the first feed patch 110 is set to be larger than the range covered by the second feed patch 210; at the same time, the second microstrip feeding network is set within the range covered by the second feed patch 210, and the first microstrip feeding network is set away from the range covered by the first feed patch 110. By completely avoiding the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network, not only the mutual coupling between antenna units of different frequency bands is reduced, but also the transmitting and receiving ports of antenna units of different frequency bands are separated, thereby optimizing the overall layout of the antenna structure unit and improving the overall working performance of the antenna structure unit.

[0062] Furthermore, since the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked and nested, the first microstrip feeding network is located on the upper layer of the metal floor 300, and the second microstrip feeding network is located on the lower layer of the metal floor 300, so that the mutual coupling between the two microstrip feeding networks is reduced through the action of the metal floor 300; preferably, the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network maintain a certain gap with the metal floor 300 in the vertical direction; further, the setting size of the metal floor 300 is larger than the first radiation patch 100 and the second The radiation patch 200, when the second microstrip feeding network is arranged in its lower layer, the second metallized via 220 is arranged through the metal floor 300, and a second air avoidance groove 420 is opened on the metal floor 300 at the intersection with the second metallized via. The size of the second air avoidance groove 420 is larger than the second metallized via, which further reduces the electromagnetic coupling between antenna units in different working frequency bands and improves the isolation between antenna units in different frequency bands, so that antenna units in multiple frequency bands can work independently of each other, ensuring the working performance of antenna units in each frequency band.

[0063] Furthermore, the first radiation patch 100 is provided with metal slots 140, which are four linear metal slots 140, which are distributed in a cross shape with the center of the first radiation patch 100 as the symmetric center, and the linear metal slots 140 do not intersect with each other. Since the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are stacked with the same aperture, the transmit-receive isolation between antennas of different frequency bands is further improved by providing unconnected linear slots on the first radiation patch 100.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The present embodiment provides a multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna array, including a control unit and a plurality of multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure units provided in the array as provided in the present technical solution, and each unit in the antenna array is integrated on a PCB. Specifically, the control unit and the plurality of antenna structure units provided in the array are integrally prepared to form an antenna PCB, in which two frequency band antenna units provided with a co-aperture are included, and the two frequency band antenna units realize multiplexing of receiving and transmitting functions on the same antenna unit through a microstrip ring bridge, and the control unit is connected to the two ports in each microstrip ring bridge in each antenna unit, and the phase of each frequency band antenna unit in the antenna structure unit is configured, and horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, +45° polarization, -45° polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization electromagnetic waves can be radiated respectively, and at the same time, the phase difference and amplitude difference of each antenna unit due to the feeding network are compensated, so that the antenna structure unit realizes four working states of directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band, and directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] like Figure 1-Figure 11As shown, this embodiment provides a broadband circularly polarized antenna array suitable for L and S frequency bands with co-aperture, multiplexing of transmission and reception, wherein the transmitting working frequency band of the antenna unit in the L frequency band is 1710Mhz~1785Mhz, and the receiving working frequency band is 1805Mhz~1880Mhz, and the transmitting working frequency band of the antenna unit in the S frequency band is 2110Mhz~2200Mhz, and the receiving working frequency band is 1920Mhz~2010Mhz. Specifically, the antenna array realizes the control unit function by including a TR chip, and is loaded with an antenna structure unit as provided in Example 1, and the control unit and the antenna structure unit are integrally prepared to form an antenna PCB, and in the antenna structure unit, antenna units of L and S frequency bands with co-aperture are included, and the two frequency band antenna units realize multiplexing of receiving and transmitting functions on the same antenna unit through a microstrip ring bridge, and the two ports in each microstrip ring bridge in each antenna unit are connected through the control unit, and the phase of each frequency band antenna unit in the antenna structure unit is configured.

[0068] The antenna unit of the L band includes at least a circular second radiation patch 200 arranged from top to bottom, two second feeding patches 210 arranged vertically and unconnected to each other, two second metallized vias 220 arranged at the distal end of the second feeding patch 210, and a second microstrip ring bridge 230. There is a certain gap between the second feeding patch 210 and the second radiation patch 200 in the vertical direction to form coupled feeding; specifically, the size of the second radiation patch 200 is 40-50mm, the gap between the second feeding patch 210 and the second radiation patch 200 in the vertical direction is 3mm, and the second metallized via 220 connects the second feeding patch 210 and the second microstrip ring bridge 230; two feeding ports are formed at the connection between the second metallized via 220 and the second microstrip ring bridge 230, and the phase difference between the two second feeding ports is 90°. Broadband circular polarization is achieved through dual feeding and coupled feeding, and transceiver multiplexing in the antenna unit is achieved by adopting a microstrip ring bridge.

[0069] The antenna unit of the S band includes at least a circular first radiation patch 100 arranged from top to bottom, four cross-shaped and mutually unconnected first feed patches 110, four first metallized vias 120 arranged at the distal end of the first feed patch 110, and two first microstrip ring bridges 130. There is a certain gap between the first feed patch 110 and the first radiation patch 100 in the vertical direction to form coupled feeding; specifically, the size of the first radiation patch 100 is 30-40 mm, and the gap between the first feed patch 110 and the first radiation patch 100 in the vertical direction is 3 mm. The first metallized vias 120 are connected to the first feeding patch 110 and are connected to the first microstrip ring bridge 130 in groups of two, thereby forming four feeding ports at the connection, and the phase differences between the four first feeding ports are respectively 0, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Broadband circular polarization is achieved through four feeds and coupled feeding, and transceiver multiplexing in the antenna unit is achieved by adopting a microstrip ring bridge. At the same time, four groups of cross-shaped and unconnected metal gaps 140 are opened in the center of the first radiation patch 100 to improve the transceiver isolation between different frequencies.

[0070] In the same antenna structure unit, the S-band antenna unit is stacked on the L-band antenna unit and the two are partially nested. The generation of circular polarized waves in the antenna structure unit is stimulated by stacking the first radiation patch 100 and the second radiation patch 200 coaxially, and the size of the second radiation patch 200 is larger than the first radiation patch 100, so that the second radiation patch 200 serves as the reference ground of the first radiation patch 100, and the first radiation patch 100 also serves as the guide plate of the second radiation patch, thereby improving the gain of the antenna units of the two frequency bands and further realizing broadband circular polarization. Preferably, the gap between the first radiation patch 100 and the second radiation patch 200 in the vertical direction is 5 mm. Furthermore, the first metallized via 120 passes through the second radiation patch 200 to connect the first feed patch 110 and the first microstrip ring bridge 130, and a first avoidance groove 410 larger than the first metallized via is opened at the intersection of the second radiation patch 200 and the first metallized via. At the same time, the first microstrip ring bridge 130 is arranged on the upper layer of the metal floor 300, the second microstrip ring bridge 230 is arranged on the lower layer of the metal floor 300, the second metallized via 220 runs through the metal floor 300, and a second air avoidance groove 420 larger than the size of the second metallized via 220 is provided at the intersection of the metal floor 300 and the second metallized via. The arrangement of a variety of air avoidance grooves not only realizes the combination and nesting of antenna units of different frequency bands, making the antenna structure unit more miniaturized, but also avoids direct contact between the two, ensuring the independent working performance of the antenna units of the two frequency bands.

[0071] The antenna array provided in this embodiment is characterized as follows: Figure 6This is the S11 return loss diagram for the L-band from 1710Mhz to 1785Mhz to 1805Mhz to 1880Mhz. It can be seen from the diagram that the antenna achieves good impedance matching within the operating frequency band of the L-band. Figure 7 This is the S11 return loss diagram of the S-band 1920Mhz~2010Mhz to 2110Mhz~2200Mhz. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna achieves good impedance matching within the working frequency band of the S-band.

[0072] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 This is a normal axis ratio diagram of the antenna array provided in this embodiment. As can be seen from the diagram, the normal axis ratio of the antenna unit of the antenna in the L band is 1.34, and the normal axis ratio of the antenna unit of the antenna in the S band is 0.5.

[0073] Fig.10 and Fig.11 This is the circular polarization radiation pattern of the antenna array provided in this embodiment, and the polarization of the antenna array is configured by the TR chip. As can be seen from the figure, the circular polarization gain of the antenna in the L band is 4.64dB, and the circular polarization gain of the antenna in the S band is 4.34dB.

[0074] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation methods of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit, characterized in that: The antenna structure unit includes a first frequency band antenna unit and a second frequency band antenna unit in sequence from top to bottom, and the first frequency band antenna unit and the second frequency band antenna unit are coaxially arranged at their centers; The first frequency band antenna unit at least includes a first radiation patch and a first feeding structure arranged from top to bottom; the first feeding structure includes a plurality of first feeding patches, a first metallized via and a first microstrip feeding network, the first metallized via connecting the first feeding patch and the first microstrip feeding network; the first microstrip feeding network includes two first microstrip ring bridges, each first microstrip ring bridge is respectively connected to two adjacent first metallized vias, the first metallized via is connected to the first microstrip feeding network to form four first feeding ports, and the phase differences of the four first feeding ports are 0, 90°, 180° and 270° respectively; The second frequency band antenna unit at least includes a second radiation patch and a second feeding structure arranged from top to bottom; the second feeding structure includes a plurality of second feeding patches, a second metallized via and a second microstrip feeding network, and the second metallized via connects the second feeding patch and the second microstrip feeding network; the second microstrip feeding network includes a second microstrip ring bridge, and the connection between the second metallized via and the second microstrip feeding network forms two feeding ports, and the phase difference between the two second feeding ports is 90°; The antenna structure unit further includes a metal floor, which is an intermediate layer arranged between the first microstrip feeding network and the second microstrip feeding network; The first radiation patch is provided with metal gaps, the metal gaps are four linear metal gaps, the linear metal gaps are symmetrically centered at the center of the first radiation patch and are distributed in a cross shape, and the linear metal gaps do not intersect each other; It also includes a control unit, which connects the two ports in each microstrip ring bridge and configures the phase of the antenna unit in each frequency band in the antenna structure unit, so that the antenna structure unit can realize four working states of directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band, and directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band.

2. The multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Coupling feeding is adopted between the first feeding structure and the first radiation patch, and between the second feeding structure and the second radiation patch; there is a certain gap between the first feeding patch and the second feeding patch and the corresponding radiation patch in the vertical direction.

3. The multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first radiation patch is a circular patch; An end of the first feeding patch away from the center of the first radiation patch does not exceed the coverage of the first radiation patch; The second radiation patch is a circular patch, and the size of the second radiation patch is larger than that of the first radiation patch, and the end of the second feeding patch away from the center of the second radiation patch does not exceed the coverage range of the second radiation patch; The first metal via penetrates the second radiation patch. A first avoidance groove is provided on the second radiation patch at the intersection with the first metal via, and the size of the first avoidance groove is larger than the first metal via.

4. The multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first feeding structure includes four groups of first feeding patches and first metallized vias, the first feeding patches are symmetrically arranged with the center of the first radiation patch as the origin and distributed in a cross shape, and the first feeding patches are not connected to each other; The first metallized vias correspond to the first feeding patches one by one and are connected to an end of the first feeding patch away from the center of the first radiation patch.

5. The multi-frequency co-aperture transmitting and receiving multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second feeding structure includes two groups of second feeding patches and second metallized vias. The second feeding patches are arranged on the center line of the second radiation patch. The second feeding patches are arranged vertically and are not connected to each other. The second metallized vias correspond one-to-one to the second feeding patches and are connected to the end of the second feeding patch away from the center of the second radiation patch.

6. The multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second feeding patch is arranged at a position that avoids the first feeding patch.

7. The multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The range covered by the first feeding patch is larger than the range covered by the second feeding patch; The second microstrip feeding network is arranged within the range covered by the second feeding patch, and the first microstrip feeding network is arranged away from the range covered by the first feeding patch.

8. The multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first microstrip feeding network is located on the upper layer of the metal floor, the second microstrip feeding network is located on the lower layer of the metal floor, the second metallized via is arranged through the metal floor, and a second air avoidance groove is opened at the intersection of the second metal via on the metal floor, and the size of the second air avoidance groove is larger than the second metal via.

9. A multi-frequency co-aperture transmit-receive multiplexing circularly polarized antenna array, characterized in that: It comprises a control unit and an array arrangement of several multi-frequency co-aperture transceiver multiplexing circularly polarized antenna structure units as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each unit in the antenna array is integrated on a PCB.

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