Ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device and welding method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device and a welding method, and belongs to the field of welding technology. A clamping mechanism is arranged above the support frame of the ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device, a vibration mechanism is arranged on the support frame, a welding mechanism is arranged above the support frame, the welding mechanism is connected to a mechanical arm, and an ultrasonic mechanism is arranged on the welding mechanism. A connecting pipe is arranged at the center of the welding mechanism fixed seat, a wire feeding tube is arranged inside the connecting pipe, a plurality of lasers are evenly arranged on the fixed seat, a light inlet channel for the laser to pass through the fixed seat is arranged inside the fixed seat, the circle where the laser is located is coaxial with the wire feeding tube, a nozzle is arranged below the fixed seat, and a cavity for the wire feeding tube and the laser to pass through the nozzle is arranged inside the nozzle. The ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device and the welding method described in the present invention can solve the problems of poor adaptability and poor ultrasonic treatment effect of the existing welding device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular to an ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device and a welding method. Background Art

[0002] High temperatures during welding will cause the material to expand and contract during cooling. Due to the different cooling rates between the weld area and the surrounding parent material, a temperature gradient is created, which in turn generates stress. For materials that undergo phase change, stress will also be generated due to volume changes caused by structural transformation during cooling. Internal stress may cause the weld to bend, twist or warp, affecting the dimensional accuracy and shape of the weld and reducing product quality. High internal stress will cause cracks in the weld area or heat-affected zone, especially when the material has high hardness and low toughness, the risk of cracks is greater. Although internal stress will not cause immediate damage, it will reduce the fatigue life of the material, making the weld more prone to fatigue fracture under long-term alternating loads; and internal stress will also reduce the corrosion resistance of the material.

[0003] Ultrasonic treatment of welds can improve the quality of welds. Ultrasonic vibrations can produce tiny plastic deformations inside the metal, which helps to relax welding residual stress and reduce the risk of deformation and cracking of welded parts. Ultrasonic energy can promote grain refinement in the weld area and improve the microstructure of the material, thereby improving the toughness and crack resistance of the weld. Ultrasonic vibrations help remove scale and other impurities on the surface of the weld, making the weld cleaner and helping to improve welding quality. Through the mechanical effect of ultrasound, the homogenization of the weld structure can be promoted, segregation can be reduced, and the material properties can be made more stable and consistent.

[0004] The existing patent CN202211486743.5 discloses a thick plate titanium alloy rotary ultrasonic assisted narrow gap laser welding device, which includes a laser welding head, a rotary ultrasonic device, a wire feeding device and a post-weld protection device. The rotary ultrasonic device and the wire feeding device are located on both sides of the laser welding head, and the axis of the rotary ultrasonic device is set at a certain angle to the axis of the laser welding head. The tail ends of the rotary ultrasonic device, the laser welding head and the wire feeding device are connected by an adjustable clamping device. The present invention adjusts the angle and position of the rotary ultrasonic device to apply rotary ultrasound to the interlayer weld inside the narrow gap groove. On the one hand, the acoustic flow and cavitation effect of rotary ultrasound are used to promote the transformation of the molten pool structure from columnar crystals to equiaxed crystals; on the other hand, ultrasonic plastic deformation is performed on the solidified weld metal, which can reduce residual stress and improve the surface properties of the weld metal. However, the adjustment range of the ultrasonic device in the above patent is narrow and cannot meet the welding needs of complex workpieces. And only relying on the ultrasonic device for ultrasonic treatment has a poor treatment effect on the weld. The welding wire and the laser cannot achieve coaxial welding, which affects the quality of welding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device and a welding method, so as to solve the problems of poor adaptability and poor ultrasonic treatment effect of the existing welding device.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device, comprising a support frame, a clamping mechanism for fixing a workpiece is arranged above the support frame, a vibration mechanism for vibrating the workpiece is arranged on the support frame, a welding mechanism is arranged above the support frame, the welding mechanism is connected to a mechanical arm, and an ultrasonic mechanism for ultrasonically treating the weld is arranged on the welding mechanism; the welding mechanism comprises a fixed seat, a connecting pipe is arranged at the center of the fixed seat, a wire feeding tube penetrating the fixed seat is arranged inside the connecting pipe, a wire feeder connected to the wire feeding tube is arranged on the top of the connecting pipe, a plurality of lasers are evenly arranged on the fixed seat, a light input channel for allowing the laser to pass through the fixed seat is arranged inside the fixed seat, the circle where the laser is located is coaxial with the wire feeding tube, a nozzle is arranged below the fixed seat, and a cavity for allowing the wire feeding tube and the laser to pass through the nozzle is arranged inside the nozzle.

[0007] Preferably, an air cavity is provided inside the connecting tube, the wire feeding tube is located inside the air cavity and is coaxial with the air cavity, a flow equalizing plate for supporting the wire feeding tube is provided inside the air cavity, the flow equalizing plate is provided with a through hole for gas to pass through, an air inlet pipe connected to the air cavity is provided on the connecting tube, the air inlet pipe is connected to an external protective gas cylinder, a guide plate for guiding the protective gas is provided in the cavity of the nozzle, the guide plate is a conical structure with an opening at the bottom, the guide plate is located outside the wire feeding tube and is coaxially arranged with the wire feeding tube.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of powder feeding channels are evenly arranged on the nozzle, a powder feeding tube is arranged in the powder feeding channel, the circle where the powder feeding channel is located is coaxially arranged with the wire feeding tube, the powder feeding tube is connected to an external powder feeder, and welding powder is sprayed out through the powder feeding tube; a plurality of air ducts are evenly arranged on the nozzle, the circle where the air duct is located is coaxially arranged with the wire feeding tube, the air duct is located outside the powder feeding channel, and the air duct is connected to an external protective gas cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the ultrasonic mechanism is arranged on a mounting plate, the mounting plate is connected to the robotic arm, a mounting hole for installing a connecting pipe is arranged on the mounting plate, the ultrasonic mechanism includes a U-shaped mounting frame, the mounting frame is arranged below the mounting plate, a rotating plate is rotatably arranged on the mounting frame, a power structure for driving the mounting frame and the rotating plate to rotate is arranged on the mounting plate, a slide plate is arranged on the rotating plate, a cylinder for driving the slide plate to slide along the length direction of the rotating plate is arranged on the rotating plate, a guide rail for guiding and limiting the sliding of the slide plate is arranged on the rotating plate, and an ultrasonic component for ultrasonically treating the weld is arranged on the slide plate.

[0010] Preferably, the power structure includes a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is rotatably arranged outside the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are coaxially arranged, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the side plates, the side plates are arranged on both sides of the mounting plate, a second motor that drives the first rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on one side plate, and a third motor that drives the second rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on the other side plate; one end of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft, and the other end of the mounting frame is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft, a first bevel gear is arranged on the second rotating shaft, and a second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is arranged on the mounting frame, the second bevel gear is rotatably connected to the mounting frame, and the rotating plate is fixed on the axle of the second bevel gear.

[0011] Preferably, the support frame includes a base, a workbench is arranged above the base, the workpiece is placed on the workbench, the workbench is fixedly connected to the base through supporting legs, and the vibration mechanism is arranged on the base.

[0012] Preferably, the vibration mechanism includes a transmission shaft, which is rotatably arranged on the base through a support plate, and the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the support plate through a bearing, and the support plate is fixedly arranged on the base, and a first motor for driving the transmission shaft to rotate is arranged on the base; a top plate is arranged under the workbench, and a plurality of top rods are evenly arranged on the top plate, and vibration holes corresponding to the top rods are arranged on the workbench, and the top rods are located in the vibration holes and are slidably connected to the vibration holes; and a plurality of sliding structures for driving the top plate to slide back and forth up and down are arranged on the transmission shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the sliding structure includes two relatively arranged turntables, which are connected by an eccentrically arranged fixed shaft, a swing rod is arranged between the turntables, one end of the swing rod is provided with a limiting groove for allowing the fixed shaft to pass through, the fixed shaft is located in the limiting groove and is slidably connected to the limiting groove, the other end of the swing rod is hinged to a fixed plate, the fixed plate is arranged on a base, a half gear is arranged at the end of the swing rod, the half gear is meshed with a rack arranged on the sliding rod, the sliding rod is arranged at the bottom of the top plate, and the base is provided with a through hole for allowing the sliding rod to pass through and having a guiding and limiting effect on the sliding rod.

[0014] The top end of the slide is provided with a spring, and the bottom end of the slide is provided with a guide plate, and the guide plate is connected with the workbench to form a sliding groove, and the guide plate is connected with the workbench to form a sliding groove.

[0015] The welding method based on the ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1. Place the workpiece on the workbench, loosen the top screw, move the slide, position the side of the workpiece through the slide, tighten the top screw to lock the slide; turn the screw by turning the handle, the screw engages with the threaded hole, the screw drives the mounting seat to move downward, the mounting seat drives the slide and the pressure plate to move downward synchronously, the pressure plate contacts the upper surface of the workpiece, continue to turn the screw, the slide slides along the groove through the inclined surface, the spring is compressed, the pressure plate is pressed on the workpiece, and the workpiece is limited up and down, front and back;

[0017] S2. The robotic arm drives the mounting plate to move, and the mounting plate drives the welding mechanism and the ultrasonic mechanism to move synchronously. The welding mechanism moves to the position of the workpiece to be welded, and the laser parameters, the wire feeding speed of the welding wire, the powder feeding speed of the welding powder, and the flow rate of the shielding gas are adjusted;

[0018] S3, start the second motor, the second motor drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, the first rotating shaft drives the mounting frame to rotate, the mounting frame drives the second bevel gear and the rotating plate to rotate synchronously around the first rotating shaft, the second bevel gear drives the second rotating shaft to passively rotate through the first bevel gear, the rotating plate drives the ultrasonic component to rotate through the slide plate, and adjusts the angle between the ultrasonic contact at the bottom end of the ultrasonic component and the wire feeding tube along the length direction of the workbench; start the third motor, the third motor drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, the second rotating shaft drives the first bevel gear to rotate, the first bevel gear drives the second bevel gear to rotate, the second bevel gear drives the rotating plate to rotate around the second bevel gear, the rotating plate drives the ultrasonic component to rotate through the slide plate, and adjusts the angle between the ultrasonic contact at the bottom of the ultrasonic component and the wire feeding tube along the width direction of the workbench; start the cylinder, the cylinder drives the ultrasonic component to move along the rotating plate through the slide plate, and adjusts the height between the contact at the bottom end of the ultrasonic component and the weld;

[0019] S4, the robotic arm drives the ultrasonic component and the welding mechanism to move synchronously through the mounting plate to weld the workpiece, and at the same time, the ultrasonic component performs ultrasonic treatment on the weld during welding;

[0020] S5. After welding is completed, the first motor is started, the first motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the transmission shaft drives the turntable to rotate, the turntable drives the fixed shaft to rotate, the fixed shaft drives the swing rod to swing through the limit groove, the swing rod drives the slide bar to move up and down reciprocatingly through the half gear and the rack, the slide bar drives the top plate to move up and down synchronously, the top plate drives the push rod to move up and down reciprocatingly in the vibration hole, the push rod contacts the lower surface of the workpiece, the push rod vibrates and knocks the lower surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is subjected to overall vibration aging;

[0021] S6. Repeat S2-S5 to weld the next pass or the next part.

[0022] The advantages and positive effects of the ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device and welding method of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The present invention arranges multiple lasers on a fixed seat, arranges a wire feeding tube in the center of the fixed seat, arranges multiple powder feeding channels on the nozzle, and arranges the laser and the wire feeding tube coaxially to realize coaxial laser welding of wire powder laser, which is beneficial to improve the quality of welding. In addition, the arrangement of multiple powder feeding channels allows different metal powders to be introduced as needed to improve the adaptability of the welding device.

[0024] 2. An air cavity is set inside the connecting pipe, and the wire feeding tube is set in the air cavity. The shielding gas protects the welding wire. The air channel set on the nozzle protects the entire weld and improves the gas protection effect during welding.

[0025] 3. A vibration mechanism is arranged on the mounting plate, and the angle of the ultrasonic contact is adjusted by the first motor and the second motor to meet the needs of ultrasonic treatment of the weld at different angles, thereby improving adaptability and also being beneficial to improving the ultrasonic treatment effect.

[0026] 4. The vibration mechanism installed on the base performs vibration aging on the workpiece after welding through evenly distributed ejector rods, further releasing the internal stress at the weld, which is beneficial to improving the welding quality.

[0027] 5. The grooves on the mounting seats at both ends of the slide are symmetrically arranged, which is conducive to pressing the workpiece through the spring and the inclined surface, avoiding the movement of the workpiece and improving the stability of the workpiece clamping.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a welding head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the welding mechanism structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a welding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a welding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrasonic mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 For attachment Figure 8 A is an enlarged view.

[0038] Reference numerals

[0039] 1. Support frame; 11. Base; 12. Workbench; 13. Support legs;

[0040] 2. Vibration mechanism; 21. Transmission shaft; 22. Turntable; 23. Support plate; 24. First motor; 25. Swing rod; 26. Limiting groove; 27. Fixed plate; 28. Half gear; 29. ​​Sliding rod; 210. Rack; 211. Top plate; 212. Top rod; 213. Vibration hole;

[0041] 3. Clamping mechanism; 31. Sliding seat; 32. Sliding groove; 33. Locking plate; 34. Mounting seat; 35. Screw rod; 36. Turning handle; 37. Guide rod; 38. Sliding table; 39. Pressing plate;

[0042] 4. Welding mechanism; 41. Wire feeder; 42. Connecting pipe; 43. Mounting plate; 44. Fixing seat; 45. Laser; 46. Nozzle; 47. Air inlet pipe; 48. Wire inlet pipe; 49. Wire feeding pipe; 410. Air cavity; 411. Flow equalizing plate; 412. Light inlet channel; 413. Powder feeding channel; 414. Air channel; 415. Guide plate; 416. Cavity; 417. Mounting hole;

[0043] 5. Ultrasonic mechanism; 51. Ultrasonic assembly; 52. Slide plate; 53. Rotating plate; 54. Cylinder; 55. Mounting frame; 56. First rotating shaft; 57. Second motor; 58. Second rotating shaft; 59. Third motor; 510. First bevel gear; 511. Second bevel gear; 512. Side plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0046] Example

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown. An ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device includes a support frame 1, which provides support for the entire device. The support frame 1 includes a base 11, which is arranged on the ground or a fixed platform. A workbench 12 is arranged above the base 11, and a workpiece is placed on the workbench 12. The workbench 12 is fixedly connected to the base 11 through a support leg 13.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown. A clamping mechanism 3 for fixing the workpiece is provided on the workbench 12. The clamping mechanism 3 includes a slide 31, which is relatively arranged on both sides of the workbench 12. A slide groove 32 for guiding the sliding of the slide 31 is provided on the workbench 12, and a locking plate 33 is fixedly provided on the slide 31. The locking plate 33 locks the slide 31 and the workbench 12 through a top screw. The position of the slide 31 on the workbench 12 can be adjusted by loosening the top screw, so as to meet the clamping needs of workpieces of different widths.

[0049] A plurality of clamping units are provided on the top of the slide 31, and the workpiece is clamped on the workbench 12 through the clamping units. The clamping unit includes a mounting seat 34, on which a screw rod 35 is rotatably provided through a bearing. A threaded hole is provided on the top of the slide 31 for the screw rod 35 to pass through and is adapted to the screw rod 35, and a turning handle 36 is fixedly provided on the top of the screw rod 35 to drive the screw rod 35 to rotate. A guide rod 37 is fixedly provided on the mounting seat 34 to guide and limit the lifting and lowering of the mounting seat 34, and a guide hole is provided on the slide 31 for the guide rod 37 to pass through and is slidably connected to the guide rod 37. The screw rod 35 is rotated to drive the mounting seat 34 to rise and fall, thereby clamping the workpiece on the workbench 12.

[0050] A slide 38 is provided at the bottom of the mounting seat 34, and the slide 38 is slidably provided in a groove provided at the bottom of the mounting seat 34. One end of the groove passes through the mounting seat 34, and the other end is a blind end. The top surface of the groove is an inclined surface. The grooves on the mounting seats 34 at both ends of the same slide 31 are symmetrically provided, that is, the inclined surfaces of the grooves are symmetrically provided. The top of the slide 38 is an inclined surface adapted to the top surface of the groove, and the slide 38 slides along the inclined surface of the groove. A groove having a guiding effect on the sliding of the slide 38 is provided in the groove, and the groove is a T-shaped groove or a dovetail groove to prevent the slide 38 from falling. The higher end of the slide 38 is connected to the blind end of the groove by a spring, and the spring applies an outward thrust to the slide 38, and the slide 38 slides downward under the action of the inclined surface of the groove, thereby tightly pressing the workpiece on the workbench 12. A pressing plate 39 for pressing the workpiece is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the slide 38, and a rubber anti-slip protective pad is provided on the pressing plate 39 to protect the surface of the workpiece. Since the grooves at both ends of the slide seat 31 are inclined in opposite directions, the stability of the workpiece fixation is further improved.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown. A vibration mechanism 2 for vibrating a workpiece is provided on the base 11. The vibration mechanism 2 includes a transmission shaft 21, and the transmission shaft 21 is rotatably provided on the base 11 through a support plate 23. The transmission shaft 21 is rotatably connected to the support plate 23 through a bearing, and the support plate 23 is fixedly provided on the base 11. A first motor 24 for driving the transmission shaft 21 to rotate is provided on the base 11. A top plate 211 is provided below the workbench 12, and a plurality of top rods 212 are evenly fixedly provided on the top plate 211. Vibration holes 213 corresponding to the top rods 212 are provided on the workbench 12, and the top rods 212 are located in the vibration holes 213 and are slidably connected to the vibration holes 213. The transmission shaft 21 is provided with a plurality of sliding structures that drive the top plate 211 to slide reciprocatingly up and down. The top plate 211 drives the top rod 212 to move up and down synchronously. The top rod 212 knocks and vibrates the lower surface of the workpiece, so that the vibration acts on the entire workpiece, and the workpiece after welding is subjected to vibration aging treatment to improve the vibration effect on the workpiece, so that the internal stress in the weld in a high temperature state is released, the internal stress of the weld is reduced, the stability of the weld is improved, and thus the welding effect of the workpiece is improved.

[0052] The sliding structure includes two rotating disks 22 arranged opposite to each other, and the rotating disks 22 are fixedly connected by an eccentrically arranged fixed shaft. A swing rod 25 is arranged between the rotating disks 22, and one end of the swing rod 25 is provided with a limiting groove 26 for the fixed shaft to pass through, and the fixed shaft is located in the limiting groove 26 and is slidably connected to the limiting groove 26. The other end of the swing rod 25 is hinged to a fixed plate 27, and the swing rod 25 swings around the hinge point. The fixed plate 27 is fixedly arranged on the base 11. A half gear 28 is fixedly arranged at the end of the swing rod 25, and the half gear 28 is meshed with a rack 210 fixedly arranged on the slide rod 29. The slide rod 29 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the top plate 211, and a through hole is arranged on the base 11 for the slide rod 29 to pass through and has a guiding and limiting effect on the slide rod 29. The first motor 24 drives the turntable 22 to rotate through the transmission shaft 21, and the turntable 22 drives the swing rod 25 to swing through the fixed shaft and the limit groove 26. The swing rod 25 drives the slide bar 29 to slide up and down through the half gear 28 and the rack 210, thereby driving the top plate 211 and the top rod 212 to move up and down to perform vibration aging on the workpiece.

[0053] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown. A welding mechanism 4 is arranged above the support frame 1, and the welding mechanism 4 is arranged on a mounting plate 43, and the mounting plate 43 is connected to the robot arm. The robot arm adopts an existing structure as needed to drive the welding mechanism 4 to move and weld the workpiece. The welding mechanism 4 includes a fixed seat 44, and the fixed seat 44 is a conical structure. A connecting pipe 42 is fixedly arranged at the center of the fixed seat 44, and a mounting hole 417 for mounting the connecting pipe 42 is arranged on the mounting plate 43. A wire feeding tube 49 that passes through the fixed seat 44 is arranged inside the connecting tube 42. A wire feeder 41 connected to the wire feeding tube 49 is fixedly arranged at the top of the connecting tube 42, and a wire feeding tube 48 is arranged at the top of the wire feeder 41. The wire feeder 41 adopts an existing structure as needed to provide power for the movement of the welding wire. The welding wire enters the wire feeding tube 49 through the wire feeder 41, and the welding wire is continuously fed. A plurality of lasers 45 are evenly arranged on the fixed seat 44, and six lasers 45 are arranged in this embodiment. The laser 45 is tiltedly arranged on the fixing seat 44 to provide the heat required for welding. The laser 45 can use lasers of different wavelengths and different properties as needed to meet the needs of different mixed lasers. The fixing seat 44 is provided with a light inlet channel 412 for the laser to pass through the fixing seat 44, and the light inlet channel 412 is tilted. The circle where the laser 45 is located is coaxial with the wire feeding tube 49 to achieve coaxial wire feeding laser welding.

[0054] An air cavity 410 is provided inside the connecting tube 42, and the wire feeding tube 49 is located inside the air cavity 410 and is coaxial with the air cavity 410. A flow equalizing plate 411 is fixedly provided inside the air cavity 410 to support the wire feeding tube 49, and a through hole is provided on the flow equalizing plate 411 for gas to pass through. An air inlet pipe 47 connected to the air cavity 410 is provided on the connecting tube 42, and the air inlet pipe 47 is connected to an external protective gas cylinder. A guide plate 415 for guiding the protective gas is provided in the cavity 416 of the nozzle 46, and the guide plate 415 is a conical structure with an opening at the bottom, and the guide plate 415 is located outside the wire feeding tube 49 and is coaxially provided with the wire feeding tube 49. The protective gas enters the air cavity 410 through the air inlet pipe 47, and the welding wire is gas-protected, which is beneficial to improving the welding quality.

[0055] A nozzle 46 is arranged below the fixed seat 44, and the nozzle 46 is a conical structure. The top of the nozzle 46 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 44. A cavity 416 is arranged inside the nozzle 46 to allow the wire feeding tube 49 and the laser to pass through the nozzle 46. Several powder feeding channels 413 are evenly arranged on the nozzle 46, and the powder feeding channels 413 are arranged obliquely on the nozzle 46. A powder feeding pipe is arranged in the powder feeding channel 413, and the circle where the powder feeding channel 413 is located is coaxially arranged with the wire feeding tube 49. The powder feeding pipe is connected to an external powder feeder, and welding powder is sprayed out through the powder feeding pipe. The powder feeding pipe is located outside the cavity 416, and is used to provide welding powder to realize mixed laser welding of welding wire and welding powder. Multiple powder feeding pipes can be fed with metal powders of different components as needed to adapt to the welding of different workpieces. Several air ducts 414 are evenly arranged on the nozzle 46, and the circle where the air duct 414 is located is coaxially arranged with the wire feeding tube 49. The gas channel 414 is arranged obliquely and is located outside the powder delivery channel 413. The gas channel 414 is connected to an external protective gas cylinder and is used to perform gas protection on the weld from the outside to improve the quality of the weld.

[0056] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9As shown. An ultrasonic mechanism 5 for ultrasonic treatment of the weld is provided on the mounting plate 43. The ultrasonic mechanism 5 includes a U-shaped mounting frame 55, and the mounting frame 55 is arranged below the mounting plate 43. A rotating plate 53 is rotatably provided on the mounting frame 55, and a power structure for driving the mounting frame 55 and the rotating plate 53 to rotate is provided on the mounting plate 43. The rotating plate 53 and the mounting frame 55 are driven to rotate by the power structure, so as to adjust the angle of the ultrasonic component 51 to meet the needs of ultrasonic treatment of the weld at different angles. A slide plate 52 is provided on the rotating plate 53, and a cylinder 54 is provided on the rotating plate 53 to drive the slide plate 52 to slide along the length direction of the rotating plate 53, and the cylinder 54 is fixed on the rotating plate 53, and the piston rod of the cylinder 54 is fixedly connected to the slide plate 52. A guide rail having a guiding and limiting function for the sliding of the slide plate 52 is provided on the rotating plate 53. An ultrasonic component 51 for ultrasonically treating the weld is disposed on the slide plate 52. The ultrasonic component 51 includes an ultrasonic generator, an horn and an ultrasonic contact connected in sequence. The specific connection method can be set as needed, and the weld is ultrasonically treated through the ultrasonic contact.

[0057] The power structure includes a first rotating shaft 56 and a second rotating shaft 58, and the second rotating shaft 58 is rotatably arranged outside the first rotating shaft 56. The first rotating shaft 56 and the second rotating shaft 58 are coaxially arranged. The first rotating shaft 56 and the second rotating shaft 58 are both rotatably connected to the side plates 512 through bearings, and the side plates 512 are fixedly arranged on both sides of the mounting plate 43. A second motor 57 that drives the first rotating shaft 56 to rotate is arranged on one side plate 512, and a third motor 59 that drives the second rotating shaft 58 to rotate is arranged on the other side plate 512. One end of the mounting frame 55 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 56, and the other end of the mounting frame 55 is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft 58. A first bevel gear 510 is fixedly arranged on the second rotating shaft 58, and a second bevel gear 511 that meshes with the first bevel gear 510 is arranged on the mounting frame 55. The second bevel gear 511 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 55 through bearings, and the rotating plate 53 is fixed on the axle of the second bevel gear 511. The first rotating shaft 56 and the second rotating shaft 58 are driven to rotate by the second motor 57 and the third motor 59 respectively, so as to adjust the angle of the ultrasonic component 51.

[0058] The present invention is also provided with a controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the cylinder 54, the first motor 24, and the second motor 57 using existing technology as needed.

[0059] The welding method based on the ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1. Place the workpiece on the workbench 12, loosen the top screw, move the slide 31, position the side of the workpiece through the slide 31, and tighten the top screw to lock the slide 31. Turn the screw 35 by turning the handle 36, the screw 35 engages with the threaded hole, the screw 35 drives the mounting seat 34 to move downward, the mounting seat 34 drives the slide 38 and the pressure plate 39 to move downward synchronously, the pressure plate 39 contacts the upper surface of the workpiece, continue to turn the screw 35, the slide 38 slides along the groove through the inclined surface, the spring is compressed, and the pressure plate 39 is pressed against the workpiece to limit the workpiece up and down, front and back.

[0061] S2. The robotic arm drives the mounting plate 43 to move, and the mounting plate 43 drives the welding mechanism 4 and the ultrasonic mechanism 5 to move synchronously. The welding mechanism 4 moves to the position of the workpiece to be welded, and adjusts the parameters of the laser 45, the wire feeding speed of the welding wire, the powder feeding speed of the welding powder, and the flow rate of the shielding gas.

[0062] S3, start the second motor 57, the second motor 57 drives the first rotating shaft 56 to rotate, the first rotating shaft 56 drives the mounting frame 55 to rotate, the mounting frame 55 drives the second bevel gear 511 and the rotating plate 53 to rotate synchronously around the first rotating shaft 56, the second bevel gear 511 drives the second rotating shaft 58 to passively rotate through the first bevel gear 510, the rotating plate 53 drives the ultrasonic assembly 51 to rotate through the slide plate 52, and adjusts the angle between the ultrasonic contact at the bottom end of the ultrasonic assembly 51 and the wire feeding tube 49 along the length direction of the workbench 12. Start the third motor 59, the third motor 59 drives the second rotating shaft 58 to rotate, the second rotating shaft 58 drives the first bevel gear 510 to rotate, the first bevel gear 510 drives the second bevel gear 511 to rotate, the second bevel gear 511 drives the rotating plate 53 to rotate around the second bevel gear 511, the rotating plate 53 drives the ultrasonic assembly 51 to rotate through the slide plate 52, and adjusts the angle between the ultrasonic contact at the bottom of the ultrasonic assembly 51 and the wire feeding tube 49 along the width direction of the workbench 12. The cylinder 54 is started, and the cylinder 54 drives the ultrasonic component 51 to move along the rotating plate 53 through the slide plate 52 to adjust the height between the bottom contact of the ultrasonic component 51 and the welding seam.

[0063] S4. The robot arm drives the ultrasonic component 51 and the welding mechanism 4 to move synchronously through the mounting plate 43 to weld the workpiece, and the ultrasonic component 51 performs ultrasonic treatment on the weld during welding.

[0064] S5. After welding is completed, start the first motor 24, the first motor 24 drives the transmission shaft 21 to rotate, the transmission shaft 21 drives the turntable 22 to rotate, the turntable 22 drives the fixed shaft to rotate, the fixed shaft drives the swing rod 25 to swing through the limit groove 26, the swing rod 25 drives the slide bar 29 to move up and down through the half gear 28 and the rack 210, the slide bar 29 drives the top plate 211 to move up and down synchronously, the top plate 211 drives the push rod 212 to move up and down reciprocatingly in the vibration hole 213, the push rod 212 contacts with the lower surface of the workpiece, the push rod 212 vibrates and knocks the lower surface of the workpiece, and performs overall vibration aging on the workpiece.

[0065] S6. Repeat S2-S5 to weld the next pass or the next part.

[0066] Therefore, the ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device and welding method described in the present invention can solve the problems of poor adaptability and poor ultrasonic treatment effect of existing welding devices.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device, characterized in that: It comprises a support frame, a clamping mechanism for fixing a workpiece is arranged above the support frame, a vibration mechanism for vibrating the workpiece is arranged on the support frame, a welding mechanism is arranged above the support frame, the welding mechanism is connected to a mechanical arm, and an ultrasonic mechanism for ultrasonically treating a weld is arranged on the welding mechanism; the welding mechanism comprises a fixed seat, a connecting pipe is arranged at the center of the fixed seat, a wire feeding tube penetrating the fixed seat is arranged inside the connecting pipe, a wire feeder connected to the wire feeding tube is arranged on the top of the connecting pipe, a plurality of lasers are evenly arranged on the fixed seat, a light inlet channel for allowing the laser to pass through the fixed seat is arranged inside the fixed seat, the circle where the laser is located is coaxial with the wire feeding tube, a nozzle is arranged below the fixed seat, and a cavity for allowing the wire feeding tube and the laser to pass through the nozzle is arranged inside the nozzle; The ultrasonic mechanism is arranged on a mounting plate, the mounting plate is connected to the mechanical arm, a mounting hole for mounting a connecting pipe is arranged on the mounting plate, the ultrasonic mechanism comprises a U-shaped mounting frame, the mounting frame is arranged below the mounting plate, a rotating plate is rotatably arranged on the mounting frame, a power structure for driving the mounting frame and the rotating plate to rotate is arranged on the mounting plate, a slide plate is arranged on the rotating plate, a cylinder for driving the slide plate to slide along the length direction of the rotating plate is arranged on the rotating plate, a guide rail for guiding and limiting the sliding of the slide plate is arranged on the rotating plate, and an ultrasonic component for ultrasonically treating the weld is arranged on the slide plate; The power structure includes a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is rotatably arranged outside the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are coaxially arranged, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the side plates, the side plates are arranged on both sides of the mounting plate, a second motor that drives the first rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on one side plate, and a third motor that drives the second rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on the other side plate; one end of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft, and the other end of the mounting frame is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft, a first bevel gear is arranged on the second rotating shaft, and a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear is arranged on the mounting frame, the second bevel gear is rotatably connected to the mounting frame, and the rotating plate is fixed on the axle of the second bevel gear; The support frame includes a base, a workbench is arranged above the base, the workpiece is placed on the workbench, the workbench is fixedly connected to the base through supporting legs, and the vibration mechanism is arranged on the base; The vibration mechanism includes a transmission shaft, which is rotatably arranged on the base through a support plate, the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the support plate through a bearing, the support plate is fixedly arranged on the base, and a first motor that drives the transmission shaft to rotate is arranged on the base; a top plate is arranged below the workbench, a plurality of top rods are evenly arranged on the top plate, and vibration holes corresponding to the top rods are arranged on the workbench, the top rods are located in the vibration holes and are slidably connected to the vibration holes; a plurality of sliding structures that drive the top plate to slide back and forth up and down are arranged on the transmission shaft; The sliding structure comprises two rotating disks arranged opposite to each other, the rotating disks are connected by an eccentrically arranged fixed shaft, a swinging rod is arranged between the rotating disks, one end of the swinging rod is provided with a limiting groove for the fixed shaft to pass through, the fixed shaft is located in the limiting groove and is slidably connected to the limiting groove, the other end of the swinging rod is hinged to a fixed plate, the fixed plate is arranged on a base, a half gear is arranged at the end of the swinging rod, the half gear is meshed with a rack arranged on a sliding rod, the sliding rod is arranged at the bottom of the top plate, and a through hole is arranged on the base for the sliding rod to pass through and has a guiding and limiting effect on the sliding rod; The welding method based on the ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device comprises the following steps: S1. Place the workpiece on the workbench, loosen the top screw, move the slide, position the side of the workpiece through the slide, tighten the top screw to lock the slide; turn the screw by turning the handle, the screw engages with the threaded hole, the screw drives the mounting seat to move downward, the mounting seat drives the slide and the pressure plate to move downward synchronously, the pressure plate contacts the upper surface of the workpiece, continue to turn the screw, the slide slides along the groove through the inclined surface, the spring is compressed, the pressure plate is pressed on the workpiece, and the workpiece is limited up and down, front and back; S2. The robotic arm drives the mounting plate to move, and the mounting plate drives the welding mechanism and the ultrasonic mechanism to move synchronously. The welding mechanism moves to the position of the workpiece to be welded, and the laser parameters, the wire feeding speed of the welding wire, the powder feeding speed of the welding powder, and the flow rate of the shielding gas are adjusted; S3, start the second motor, the second motor drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, the first rotating shaft drives the mounting frame to rotate, the mounting frame drives the second bevel gear and the rotating plate to rotate synchronously around the first rotating shaft, the second bevel gear drives the second rotating shaft to passively rotate through the first bevel gear, the rotating plate drives the ultrasonic component to rotate through the slide plate, and adjusts the angle between the ultrasonic contact at the bottom end of the ultrasonic component and the wire feeding tube along the length direction of the workbench; start the third motor, the third motor drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, the second rotating shaft drives the first bevel gear to rotate, the first bevel gear drives the second bevel gear to rotate, the second bevel gear drives the rotating plate to rotate around the second bevel gear, the rotating plate drives the ultrasonic component to rotate through the slide plate, and adjusts the angle between the ultrasonic contact at the bottom of the ultrasonic component and the wire feeding tube along the width direction of the workbench; start the cylinder, the cylinder drives the ultrasonic component to move along the rotating plate through the slide plate, and adjusts the height between the contact at the bottom end of the ultrasonic component and the weld; S4, the robotic arm drives the ultrasonic component and the welding mechanism to move synchronously through the mounting plate to weld the workpiece, and at the same time, the ultrasonic component performs ultrasonic treatment on the weld during welding; S5. After welding is completed, the first motor is started, the first motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the transmission shaft drives the turntable to rotate, the turntable drives the fixed shaft to rotate, the fixed shaft drives the swing rod to swing through the limit groove, the swing rod drives the slide bar to move up and down reciprocatingly through the half gear and the rack, the slide bar drives the top plate to move up and down synchronously, the top plate drives the push rod to move up and down reciprocatingly in the vibration hole, the push rod contacts the lower surface of the workpiece, the push rod vibrates and knocks the lower surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is subjected to overall vibration aging; S6. Repeat S2-S5 to weld the next pass or the next part.

2. The ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air cavity is provided inside the connecting tube, the wire feeding tube is located inside the air cavity and is coaxial with the air cavity, a flow equalizing plate for supporting the wire feeding tube is provided inside the air cavity, a through hole for gas to pass through is provided on the flow equalizing plate, an air inlet pipe connected to the air cavity is provided on the connecting tube, the air inlet pipe is connected to an external protective gas cylinder, a guide plate for guiding the protective gas is provided in the cavity of the nozzle, the guide plate is a conical structure with an opening at the bottom, the guide plate is located outside the wire feeding tube and is coaxially provided with the wire feeding tube.

3. The ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of powder feeding channels are evenly arranged on the nozzle, a powder feeding tube is arranged in the powder feeding channel, the circle where the powder feeding channel is located is coaxially arranged with the wire feeding tube, the powder feeding tube is connected to an external powder feeder, and welding powder is sprayed out through the powder feeding tube; a plurality of air ducts are evenly arranged on the nozzle, the circle where the air duct is located is coaxially arranged with the wire feeding tube, the air duct is located outside the powder feeding channel, and the air duct is connected to an external protective gas cylinder.

4. The ultrasonic-assisted annular laser coaxial wire feeding welding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Material toggling mechanism, its both sides respectively have a cylinder pressure, and the cylinder pressure bar connects swing arm, and the swing arm end face has hook portion, and a bar passes position between the end of two swing arms and the hook portion.

Images