A wheat scab development progress observation box and early warning method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wheat fusarium field development progress observation box and an early warning method, belonging to the technical field of crop disease monitoring. The present invention discloses a wheat fusarium field development progress observation box and an early warning method, designing a wheat fusarium ascocarp development observation box, and placing the observation box with wheat fusarium wheat grains (inoculum) in the wheat field about 15 days before the flowering period to observe the ascocarp development of the observation box inoculum. Each box is designed to place 100 infected wheat grains, and the ascocarp of each wheat grain is graded according to the ascocarp production situation, and finally the ascocarp coverage area index is calculated. The ascocarp coverage area index 3 days before the flowering period and the weather forecast of the wheat flowering period are used to predict the occurrence of wheat fusarium, in order to provide technical support for the precise use of medicines and scientific prevention and control of wheat fusarium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop disease monitoring, and more particularly to a field development progress observation box and an early warning method for wheat fusarium head blight. Background Art

[0002] Wheat, one of the world's major grain crops, is plagued by wheat fusarium head blight, a major disease in my country's wheat production and poses widespread risks. Prediction and prevention of wheat fusarium head blight are crucial for wheat production. The occurrence and prevalence of wheat fusarium head blight are influenced by factors such as the amount of ascospores produced by Fusarium, the amount of ascospores released by ascospores during the flowering period, and rainfall and humidity during the flowering period. The amount of Fusarium ascospores produced is directly related to the severity of fusarium head blight. During the flowering period, as the amount of ascospores released by ascospores increases, the risk of wheat infection also increases. Furthermore, meteorological factors such as rainfall and humidity during the flowering period also play a significant role in the prevalence of the disease.

[0003] Wheat fusarium head blight primarily attacks the wheat ear. When humidity is high, a pink mold layer will appear on the diseased part of the ear. In severe cases, it will extend to the cob, affecting the transport of substances in the wheat body and causing the spikelets to die, thereby reducing yield and quality. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the main toxins produced by Fusarium graminearum. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have identified DON toxin as the most dangerous naturally occurring food contaminant, posing a serious threat to food safety and human and animal health. By monitoring and analyzing the production of ascocarps and meteorological factors, the risk of wheat fusarium head blight can be more accurately predicted, thereby minimizing the impact of wheat fusarium head blight on wheat yield and quality.

[0004] The prediction and prevention of wheat fusarium fusarium head blight are of vital importance, and require comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as the production of Fusarium ascocarps, meteorological factors, and toxin hazards.

[0005] Therefore, it is an urgent problem for technical personnel in this field to provide an observation box and early warning method for the field development progress of wheat fusarium sphaeroides, predict the incidence of wheat fusarium sphaeroides by using the production of ascocarps and meteorological factors, and provide technical support for the precise and scientific use of drugs for wheat fusarium sphaeroides. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In light of this, the present invention provides a wheat fusarium head blight field development progress observation box and early warning method. The method designs a wheat fusarium head blight ascocarp development observation box that can monitor ascocarp development. An equation is established using the relationship between the ascocarp development maturity area index, rainfall during the flowering period, rainfall in April, and rainfall in the 10 days before flowering, and the incidence of wheat fusarium head blight. The ascocarp development maturity area index three days before flowering and rainfall during flowering are used to predict the occurrence of wheat fusarium head blight, thereby providing technical support for the precise and scientific use of drugs to treat wheat fusarium head blight.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A box for observing the progress of wheat fusarium head blight in the field is described. The box consists of a box body, a lid, and a pull-out bottom. The box body comprises a support frame and a partition, and is 1.7 cm tall. The support frame comprises a surrounding frame and a bottom partition frame. The partition divides the box body into 1 cm*1 cm*1.5 cm grids, with 10 grids per row, for a total of 100 grids. The grids divided by the bottom partition frame correspond one-to-one with the grids divided by the partitions. The pull-out bottom is located between the bottom partition frame and the partition. The box is made of kraft paper to facilitate moisture circulation.

[0009] A method for early warning of the development progress of wheat fusarium head blight in the field, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Observation boxes were placed in the wheat field 15-18 days before the onset of flowering. Inoculated wheat kernels were placed in each cell of the box to monitor the progress of ascocarp development. Daily photographs were taken to monitor the progress of ascocarp development. The ascocarp coverage index was calculated based on the ascocarp coverage area three days before flowering.

[0011] (1) Preparation of wheat kernels infected with ergot:

[0012] First, a spore suspension was prepared, and the Fusarium graminearum strains 14AY1-2 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20314), 14YY1-3 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20315), 14ZK1-4 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20316), 14LY9-2-4 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20317), and 14KF3-8 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20318) were activated on PDA culture medium, cultured at a constant temperature of 23-25°C without light for 3-5 days, and the fresh mycelium was transferred to a CMC culture medium suitable for spore production, cultured in a shaking incubator for 115-120 hours at a temperature of 23-25°C and a rotation speed of 160-180 r / min to obtain spore suspensions of the five strains; the spore suspensions of the five strains were mixed in equal proportions to make the spore content in the composite spore suspension reach 1×10 5 -1×10 6 Soak the wheat kernels for 23-24 hours, drain, and sterilize at high temperature for later use. Evenly mix the composite spore suspension with the autoclaved wheat kernels and incubate at 23-25°C for 30-35 days to infect each kernel with fusarium head blight, thereby obtaining wheat kernels infected with fusarium head blight.

[0013] (2) Steps for placing the observation box in the wheat field:

[0014] 1) Loosen the soil. Turn the moistened soil to a depth of 5-7 cm to the surface and loosen it. Make sure the soil is flat and soft.

[0015] 2) Place the observation box, open the lid, remove the drawer bottom, and shake the box until the soil fills the small cells, reaching a height (1.5 cm) that is equal to the height of the partitions. Then, place one wheat kernel infected with scab (inoculum) in each cell. Half-bury the kernel in the ground (ensuring that half of the kernel can absorb moisture from the ground and half is exposed to sunlight and air).

[0016] 3) Fix the observation box: Add soil around the observation box to fix it.

[0017] (3) Investigate the ascocarp coverage area. The ascocarp maturity of the wheat kernels inoculated with wheat fusarium must be above level 2. The ascocarp coverage area should be investigated 3 days before the start of wheat flowering. The standards for grading ascocarp coverage area are:

[0018] Level 0: no perithecia are produced;

[0019] Level 1: The surface area of ​​ascocarp produced by the inoculum accounts for less than 1 / 4 of the inoculum surface area;

[0020] Level 2: The surface area of ​​ascocarps produced by the inoculum accounts for 1 / 4-1 / 2 (including 1 / 4 and 1 / 2) of the surface area of ​​the inoculum;

[0021] Level 3: The surface area of ​​ascocarps produced by the inoculum accounts for 1 / 2-3 / 4 (including 3 / 4) of the surface area of ​​the inoculum;

[0022] Level 4: The surface area of ​​ascocarp produced by the inoculum accounts for more than 3 / 4 of the surface area of ​​the inoculum;

[0023] Ascocarp mature area index = ∑(area of ​​each level × representative value of each level) / (total number of grains surveyed × highest representative value) × 100

[0024] (4) Monitoring, early warning and comprehensive prevention and control

[0025] A regression equation for wheat scab was established based on the ascocarp coverage index, weather data during the flowering period, and the incidence of scab. The model used the sum of rainfall in the seven days before flowering, the sum of rainfall in the 15 days before flowering, the total rainfall in April, and the sum of rainfall in the 10 days after flowering, the ascocarp maturity index of the inoculum three days before flowering, and the relationship with wheat scab incidence to establish a multiple regression equation as follows:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] (1) The relationship between the rainfall 7 days before flowering and 15 days before flowering and the ascocarp coverage index 3 days before flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium ergot is shown in regression equations 1-3, indicating that the ascocarp coverage index is correlated with the incidence of wheat fusarium ergot. Whether the environmental conditions before flowering are conducive to ascocarp formation is determined, and ascocarp formation is one of the important conditions for the occurrence of wheat fusarium ergot.

[0029] (2) Based on the total rainfall in April, the sum of the rainfall in the 10 days after the start of flowering, the ascocarp coverage index 3 days before the start of flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab, the relationship between them is shown in regression equation 4, indicating that the ascocarp coverage index, the rainfall before and after flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab are closely related.

[0030] Based on the ascocarp maturity area index three days before the inoculum blooming period and the weather forecast during the wheat blooming period, monitoring, early warning and prevention and control recommendations for wheat fusarium head blight are provided:

[0031] (1) The inoculum does not produce ascocarps or the ascocarps are not mature enough in the natural environment of the wheat field. Even if there is rain or high humidity during the flowering period of wheat, it can be predicted that wheat fusarium wilt will not occur and no prevention and control is needed.

[0032] (2) If the inoculum produces a large number of ascocarps, the maturity area index is 50 or below, and there is no rainfall during the flowering period or the rainfall is less than 1 mm, it can be predicted that wheat fusarium wilt will not occur or will occur sporadically, and no prevention and control is required.

[0033] (3) If the ascocarp of the inoculum is fully developed and the coverage index is between 50 and 90, and if there is no rainfall during the flowering period, it can be predicted that wheat fusarium head blight will be mild or non-occurring, and no prevention and control is needed. If there is rainfall during the flowering period, it can be predicted that wheat fusarium head blight will be mild and timely prevention and control is needed.

[0034] (4) If the ascocarp of the inoculum is fully developed and the coverage index is 90 or above, if there is no rainfall during the flowering period, it can be predicted that wheat scab will be mildly affected and timely prevention and control measures should be taken. If there is rainfall and wheat scab is moderately to severely affected, strengthen prevention and control measures and use pesticides scientifically.

[0035] According to the occurrence degree of wheat fusarium ergot, it is divided into 5 levels, namely, light occurrence (level 1, 0.1% < diseased ear rate ≤ 10%); slightly light occurrence (level 2, 10% < diseased ear rate ≤ 20%); moderate occurrence (level 3, 20% < diseased ear rate ≤ 30%); slightly heavy occurrence (level 4, 30% < diseased ear rate ≤ 40%); severe occurrence (level 5, diseased ear rate > 40%).

[0036] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a device and an early warning method for monitoring the development progress of wheat fusarium in the field, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) The present invention provides a method for monitoring and early warning of wheat fusarium head blight. An observation box is designed, with each small grid of 1 cm*1 cm*1.5 cm and a pull-out bottom design. Wheat grains inoculated with fungi are placed on each grid. The box is placed in a wheat field 15 days before the start of the wheat flowering period to observe the development progress and production of ascocarps in wheat grains. This method can accurately and effectively reflect the influence of the climate and environmental conditions in the region on the formation of ascocarps. On this basis, combined with the weather forecast of the local wheat flowering period, the occurrence of wheat fusarium head blight in the region can be predicted.

[0038] (2) If the inoculated wheat kernels do not produce ascocarps in the natural environment of the wheat field, it can be predicted that wheat scab is unlikely to occur. Conversely, if the inoculum of the inoculated wheat kernels produces a large number of ascocarps, there is a risk of wheat scab occurring. If rainfall occurs during the flowering period, it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control measures and use pesticides scientifically. The relationship between the ascocarp maturity area index and the incidence of wheat scab was established through experiments.

[0039] (3) Investigate the production of ascocarps in inoculated wheat grains, eliminating the need for grassroots agricultural technicians to find straw in the wheat field to observe the process of ascocarp production. The method is simple and feasible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 The accompanying drawings are pictures of the observation box of the present invention;

[0042] Among them, A: main view of the observation box; B: box cover; C: top view of the box body and pull-out box bottom; D: side view of the box body and pull-out box bottom; E: bottom view of the observation box; F: reference view of the box body and pull-out box bottom in use;

[0043] Figure 2 The accompanying drawing shows the observation box of the present invention in use in the field;

[0044] Among them, A: placing the inoculum into the observation box; B: compacting the observation box with the inoculum; C: the inoculum produces ascocarps. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1 A wheat scab field development progress observation box and early warning method

[0047] Trial Locations: 14 trial sites were selected in 2024: Kaifeng City, Pingyuan New District, Xinxiang City, Yanjin County, Xinxiang City, Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, the experimental base of the Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jun County, Hebi City, Yancheng District, Luohe City, Luolong District, Luoyang City, Pingyu County, Zhumadian City, Tanghe County, Nanyang City, Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, Yanshi District, Luoyang City, Xi County, Xinyang City, and Zhenping County, Nanyang City. The wheat variety used is Bainong 207.

[0048] Preparation of wheat grains inoculated with ergot fungus: Soak the wheat grains for 24 hours starting from January 2024, then drain and sterilize at high temperature for later use. Spore suspensions were prepared by activating Fusarium graminearum strains 14AY1-2 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20314), 14YY1-3 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20315), 14ZK1-4 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20316), 14LY9-2-4 (deposit number CGMCC3.20317), and 14KF3-8 (deposit number CGMCC 3.20318) onto PDA medium, cultured in an incubator at 25°C without light for 5 days, and then transferring fresh mycelia to a CMC medium suitable for spore production and shaking for 120 hours at 25°C and 170 r / min to obtain spore suspensions of the five strains. The spore suspensions of the five strains were mixed in equal proportions to ensure that the spore content in the composite spore suspension reached 1×10 5 The composite spore suspension was evenly mixed with autoclaved wheat grains and cultured at 25°C for 30 days to infect each wheat grain with the ergot pathogen.

[0049] The observation box consists of a box body, a box lid and a pull-out box bottom; the box body consists of a support frame and a partition, and the box body height is 1.7 cm; the support frame consists of a surrounding frame and a bottom partition frame; the partition divides the box body into small grids of 1 cm*1 cm*1.5 cm, with 10 small grids in a row, a total of 10 rows (a total of 100 small grids); the small grids divided by the bottom partition frame correspond to the small grids divided by the partition; the pull-out box bottom is located between the bottom partition frame and the partition, see Figure 1 The observation box is made of kraft paper, which facilitates moisture circulation.

[0050] Method for placing observation boxes in wheat fields: According to the flowering period of previous years in each region, place observation boxes 15 days before flowering, and set up 3 repetitions. Take photos every day to observe the development progress of the perithecia. See the diagram of the observation box in the field. Figure 2 .

[0051] The steps to place the observation box are as follows:

[0052] 1) Loosen the soil. Turn the moistened soil to a depth of 5-7 cm to the surface and loosen it. Make sure the soil is flat and soft.

[0053] 2) Place the observation box. Open the lid, remove the bottom partition, and shake the box to allow the soil to enter the cells, reaching a level with the partitions. Place one infected wheat grain in each cell, ensuring the grain is half buried in the ground (ensure half is absorbing surface moisture and half is exposed to sunlight and air).

[0054] 3) Compact the observation box and add soil around it to secure it.

[0055] Grading survey of perithecia:

[0056] Level 0: no perithecia are produced;

[0057] Level 1: The surface area of ​​the ascocarp produced by the wheat kernel accounts for 1 / 4 of the surface area of ​​the kernel;

[0058] Level 2: The surface area of ​​the ascocarp produced by the wheat kernel accounts for 1 / 4-1 / 2 (including 1 / 4 and 1 / 2) of the surface area of ​​the kernel;

[0059] Level 3: The surface area of ​​the ascocarp produced by the wheat kernel accounts for 1 / 2-3 / 4 (including 3 / 4) of the surface area of ​​the kernel;

[0060] Level 4: The surface area of ​​the ascocarp produced by the wheat kernel accounts for more than 3 / 4 of the surface area of ​​the kernel;

[0061] Pericarp coverage index = ∑(area of ​​each level × representative value of each level) / (total number of grains surveyed × highest representative value) × 100

[0062] Results and Analysis:

[0063] The results of the investigation with three observation boxes at each test point were averaged to obtain the ascocarp maturity area index. The test points where the observation boxes were placed were surveyed at 9 points for the investigation of the rate of corn rust diseased ears. At each point, 1 square meter of wheat ears were randomly surveyed and the number of diseased ears was recorded. The average value of each survey point was used as the incidence rate of corn rust disease at that test point.

[0064] Table 1 Ascocarp area index and wheat fusarium disease index at each survey point

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] As shown in Table 1, the ascocarp coverage index of inoculated wheat in Kaifeng, Xinxiang Pingyuan New District, Xinxiang Yanjin County, Luohe Agricultural Sciences Academy Experimental Base and Zhoukou Huaiyang District was between 3.57 and 48.6. There was varying degrees of rainfall 10 days after the start of wheat flowering, but the ascocarp coverage index was less than 50, and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab was 0-0.1%. The ascocarp coverage index of wheat in Luolong District of Luoyang City was 72, and the rainfall 10 days after the start of wheat flowering was 8 mm. The incidence of wheat fusarium scab in Luolong District of Luoyang City was 0-0.1%. The incidence rate is 1.5%; the wheat ascocarp area index in Jun County of Hebi City and Yancheng District of Luohe City is above 90, the rainfall 10 days after the start of flowering is less than 1mm, and the incidence rate of wheat fusarium wilt is 1%; the wheat ascocarp coverage area index in Pingyu County of Zhumadian City, Tanghe County of Nanyang City, Pingqiao District of Xinyang City, Yanshi District of Luoyang City, Xi County of Xinyang City and Zhenping County of Nanyang City is between 90.1-100, the rainfall 10 days after the start of wheat flowering is 2.2-26.6mm, and the incidence rate of wheat fusarium wilt is 1.5-23%.

[0068] The following multiple regression equation was established using the relationship between the total rainfall in the 7 days before the start of flowering, the total rainfall in the 15 days before the start of flowering, the total rainfall in April and the total rainfall in the 10 days after the start of flowering, the mature area index of the ascocarp inoculated body 3 days before the start of flowering, and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] (1) The relationship between the rainfall 7 days before flowering and 15 days before flowering and the ascocarp coverage index 3 days before flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium ergot is shown in regression equations 1-3, indicating that the ascocarp coverage index is correlated with the incidence of wheat fusarium ergot. Whether the environmental conditions before flowering are conducive to ascocarp formation is determined, and ascocarp formation is one of the important conditions for the occurrence of wheat fusarium ergot.

[0072] (2) Based on the total rainfall in April, the sum of the rainfall in the 10 days after the start of flowering, the ascocarp coverage index 3 days before the start of flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab, the relationship between them is shown in regression equation 4, indicating that the ascocarp coverage index, the rainfall before and after flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab are closely related.

[0073] in conclusion:

[0074] If the wheat ascocarp coverage index is below 50, scab is rare or absent, and no control is needed. If the wheat ascocarp coverage index is between 50 and 90, scab is mild or absent. If rainfall occurs, timely control is required. If the wheat ascocarp coverage index is 90 or above, and there is no rainfall during the flowering period, scab is mild and requires timely control. If rainfall occurs, scab is moderate to severe, requiring strengthened control and appropriate pesticide use.

[0075] Research has shown that the ascocarp area index can reflect whether local environmental conditions are conducive to ascocarp formation. Combined with weather forecasts during the wheat flowering period, this index can be used to predict the occurrence of wheat scab in a given area.

[0076] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of the development progress of wheat fusarium head blight in the field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of wheat kernels infected with ergot: First, a spore suspension was prepared. The Fusarium graminearum strains 14AY1-2, 14YY1-3, 14ZK1-4, 14LY9-2-4, and 14KF3-8 were activated on PDA medium, cultured at 23-25°C without light for 3-5 days, and the fresh mycelium was transferred to a CMC medium suitable for spore production. The culture was carried out in a shaker for 115-120 hours at a temperature of 23-25°C and a rotation speed of 160-180 r / min to obtain spore suspensions of the five strains. The spore suspensions of the five strains were mixed in equal proportions to make the spore content in the composite spore suspension reach 1×10 5 -1×10 6 soak the wheat kernels for 23-24 hours, drain and sterilize at high temperature for later use; evenly mix the composite spore suspension with the autoclaved wheat kernels, and culture at 23-25°C for 30-35 days to infect each wheat kernel with fusarium fusarium, thereby obtaining wheat kernels infected with fusarium fusarium as inoculum; (2) Steps for placing the observation box in the wheat field: 1) Loosen the soil: Turn the moist soil to a depth of 5-7 cm to the surface to loosen the soil; 2) Place the observation box, open the lid, remove the bottom of the box, and shake the box so that the soil below fills the small cells and the height of the soil is equal to the height of the partition. Then place one inoculum in each cell so that the wheat grains are half buried in the ground. 3) Fix the observation box: add soil around the observation box to fix it; (3) Investigate the ascocarp coverage area. The ascocarp maturity of the wheat kernels inoculated with wheat fusarium must be above level 2. The ascocarp coverage area should be investigated 3 days before the start of wheat flowering. The standards for grading ascocarp coverage area are: Level 0: no perithecia are produced; Level 1: The surface area of ​​ascocarp produced by the inoculum accounts for less than 1 / 4 of the inoculum surface area; Level 2: The surface area of ​​ascocarp produced by the inoculum accounts for 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the surface area of ​​the inoculum, including 1 / 4 and 1 / 2; Level 3: The surface area of ​​ascocarp produced by the inoculum accounts for 1 / 2-3 / 4 of the surface area of ​​the inoculum, including 3 / 4; Level 4: The surface area of ​​ascocarp produced by the inoculum accounts for more than 3 / 4 of the surface area of ​​the inoculum; Ascocarp mature area index = ∑(area of ​​each level × representative value of each level) / (total number of grains surveyed × highest representative value) × 100 (4) Monitoring, early warning and comprehensive prevention and control Based on the ascocarp maturity area index three days before the inoculum blooming period and the weather forecast during the wheat blooming period, monitoring, early warning and prevention and control recommendations for wheat fusarium head blight are provided: (1) The inoculum does not produce ascocarps or the ascocarps are not mature enough in the natural environment of the wheat field. Even if there is rain or high humidity during the flowering period of wheat, it can be predicted that wheat fusarium wilt will not occur and no prevention and control is needed; (2) If the inoculum produces a large number of perithecia, the mature area index is 50 or less, and there is no rainfall during the flowering period or the rainfall is less than 1 mm, it can be predicted that wheat fusarium wilt will not occur or will occur sporadically, and no prevention and control is needed; (3) If the ascocarp of the inoculum is fully developed and the coverage area index is between 50 and 90, if there is no rainfall during the flowering period, it can be predicted that wheat scab will be slightly or not occur, and no prevention and control is needed; if there is rainfall during the flowering period, it can be predicted that wheat scab will be slightly occurred, and timely prevention and control is needed; (4) If the ascocarp of the inoculum is fully developed and the coverage index is 90 or above, if there is no rainfall during the flowering period, it can be predicted that wheat scab will be mildly affected and timely prevention and control should be carried out. If there is rainfall, wheat scab will be moderately to severely affected and prevention and control should be strengthened and drugs should be used scientifically; The observation box consists of a box body, a box lid and a pull-out box bottom; the box body consists of a supporting frame and a partition, and the box body height is 1.7 cm; the supporting frame consists of a surrounding frame and a bottom partition frame; the partition divides the box body into small grids of 1 cm*1 cm*1.5 cm, with 10 small grids in a row and a total of 10 rows; the small grids divided by the bottom partition frame correspond one to one to the small grids divided by the partition; the pull-out box bottom is located between the bottom partition frame and the partition.

2. A method for early warning of wheat fusarium field development progress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deposit number of the 14AY1-2 is CGMCC 3.20314; the deposit number of the 14YY1-3 is CGMCC 3.20315; the deposit number of the 14ZK1-4 is CGMCC 3.20316; the deposit number of the 14LY9-2-4 is CGMCC 3.20317; and the deposit number of the 14KF3-8 is CGMCC 3.20318.

3. A method for early warning of the progress of wheat fusarium field development according to claim 1, characterized in that: A regression equation for wheat scab was established based on the ascocarp coverage index, weather data during the flowering period, and the incidence of scab. A multiple regression equation was established using the sum of rainfall in the seven days before the flowering period, the sum of rainfall in the 15 days before the flowering period, the total rainfall in April, the sum of rainfall in the 10 days after the flowering period, the mature area index of the inoculum ascocarp three days before the flowering period, and the incidence of wheat scab as follows: (1) The relationship between the rainfall 7 days before the start of flowering and 15 days before the start of flowering and the ascocarp coverage index 3 days before the start of flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab is shown in regression equations 1-3, indicating that the ascocarp coverage index is correlated with the incidence of wheat fusarium scab. Whether the environmental conditions before the start of flowering are conducive to ascocarp formation is determined, and ascocarp formation is one of the important conditions for the occurrence of wheat fusarium scab. (2) Based on the total rainfall in April, the sum of the rainfall in the 10 days after the start of flowering, the ascocarp coverage index 3 days before the start of flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab, the relationship between them is shown in regression equation 4, indicating that the ascocarp coverage index, the rainfall before and after flowering and the incidence of wheat fusarium scab are closely related.

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