Ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system based on carbon dioxide preheating and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to an ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system based on carbon dioxide preheating and a monitoring method thereof, comprising a liquid ammonia heater, a carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism and an ammonia fuel burner, wherein a liquid ammonia inlet pipe of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism is connected to a liquid ammonia supply pipeline, a liquid ammonia outlet pipe of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism is connected to a liquid ammonia inlet pipe of the liquid ammonia heater, and a liquid ammonia outlet pipe of the liquid ammonia heater is connected to the ammonia fuel burner, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism is used for performing primary preheating of liquid ammonia, the liquid ammonia heater is used for transferring the heat energy of gaseous carbon dioxide to the liquid ammonia preheated in the primary stage to perform secondary preheating of the liquid ammonia, the ammonia fuel burner is used for gasifying liquid ammonia to generate ammonia and igniting the ammonia, and preheating by using the heat energy of gaseous carbon dioxide ensures that the liquid ammonia is heated to a suitable temperature before entering the ammonia fuel burner, thereby improving the efficiency of ammonia combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide preheating low-temperature ammonia fuel combustion gas supply, and in particular to a carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system and a monitoring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country is in a period of rapid development and consumes huge amounts of energy. At this stage, it mainly uses thermal power generation. In order to achieve net zero carbon dioxide emissions from thermal power generation, China is actively exploring ways to replace traditional fuels such as natural gas and coal with ammonia. Since ammonia fuel is generally stored in liquid form, it needs to be converted into gas and sprayed into a gas or coal-fired boiler or internal combustion engine through a burner. However, liquid ammonia is a low-temperature liquid. If it is directly sprayed into the burner and burned without heating, and the vaporization of liquid ammonia takes away a large amount of heat, the flame will be extinguished, which will lead to reduced combustion efficiency, unstable flame or even extinguishment, thus affecting the stability and safety of thermal power generation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that traditional thermal power generation uses liquid ammonia gasification to take away a large amount of heat, resulting in reduced combustion efficiency and affecting the stability and safety of thermal power generation, the present application provides a carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system and a monitoring method thereof.

[0004] The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system provided in this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A carbon dioxide-based preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system includes a liquid ammonia heater, a carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism and an ammonia fuel burner, wherein the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline, the liquid ammonia outlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater, the liquid ammonia outlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater is connected to one end of a liquid ammonia regulating pipeline, the other end of the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline is connected to the ammonia fuel burner, the carbon dioxide inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater is connected to a gaseous carbon dioxide supply regulating pipeline, the carbon dioxide outlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism, and the carbon dioxide outlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism is used to output liquid carbon dioxide for storage;

[0006] The carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism is used to liquefy gaseous carbon dioxide on the one hand, and to perform primary preheating of liquid ammonia on the other hand. When the gaseous carbon dioxide supply pipeline introduces gaseous carbon dioxide into the liquid ammonia heater, the liquid ammonia heater is used to transfer the heat energy of the gaseous carbon dioxide to the liquid ammonia that has been preheated in the primary stage, so as to perform secondary preheating of the liquid ammonia. The ammonia fuel burner is used to gasify liquid ammonia to generate ammonia gas, and ignite the ammonia gas.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, an effective heat exchange and energy transfer channel is formed between the liquid ammonia heater, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism and the ammonia fuel burner, which can achieve full gasification and combustion of liquid ammonia in the process of step-by-step preheating. At the same time, the thermal energy of gaseous carbon dioxide is used for preheating, ensuring that the liquid ammonia is heated to a suitable temperature before entering the ammonia fuel burner, thereby improving the efficiency of ammonia combustion, reducing energy loss and ensuring the efficient operation of the entire gas supply system.

[0008] Preferably, the ammonia fuel burner includes a burner, a gasification chamber arranged inside the burner, an ammonia preheating and pressure regulating pipeline whose inlet end is connected to the gasification chamber, and an ignition electrode arranged inside the burner. The gasification chamber is provided with a nozzle which is interconnected with the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline. The gasification chamber is used to gasify the liquid ammonia sprayed through the nozzle to generate ammonia. The outlet end of the ammonia preheating and pressure regulating pipeline is connected to the burner so that the ammonia generated in the gasification chamber is preheated and pressure-regulated through the ammonia preheating and pressure regulating pipeline and then flows back to the burner. The ignition electrode is connected to an ignition power supply, and the ignition power supply ignites the ammonia that flows back to the burner after preheating and pressure regulation through the ignition electrode. The burner is connected to a natural gas pipeline, and the natural gas pipeline is used to provide temperature for the initial ignition and combustion of ammonia gasification.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the nozzle set in the ammonia fuel burner can effectively atomize liquid ammonia, and quickly gasify it into ammonia through the gasification chamber, and at the same time, under the ignition of the ignition electrode, the ammonia is fully burned. The preheating pressure regulating pipeline can adjust the temperature and pressure of the ammonia to ensure that the gasified ammonia can stably flow back to the burner for combustion. This design improves the stability and efficiency of combustion, and ensures the safety of the ignition process and the stability of the combustion process by adjusting the mixing ratio of air and ammonia.

[0010] Preferably, the ammonia preheating and pressure-regulating pipeline includes a preheating pipe, a deflection pipe and a pressure-regulating pipe. One end of the preheating pipe is interconnected with the gasification chamber, and the other end is connected to one end of the deflection pipe. The other end of the deflection pipe is connected to one end of the pressure-regulating pipe after passing through the burner, and the other end of the pressure-regulating pipe is connected to the burner. The preheating pipe and the deflection pipe are used to heat the ammonia to a corresponding flammable temperature, and the pressure-regulating pipe is used to regulate the pressure of the ammonia to a corresponding air pressure. The burner is connected to an air pipeline, and the air pipeline is used to introduce air so that the ammonia and air flowing back into the burner are mixed in a certain proportion to facilitate ignition of the ignition electrode.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the preheating pipe, the baffle pipe and the pressure regulating pipe in the ammonia preheating and pressure regulating pipeline cooperate with each other, and the temperature and pressure of the gasified ammonia can be accurately controlled. After passing through the preheating pipe and the baffle pipe, the ammonia can reach a flammable temperature before entering the combustion chamber, and at the same time, the ammonia is adjusted to a pressure range suitable for combustion through the pressure regulating pipe. This preheating and pressure regulating design effectively improves the combustion performance of ammonia, allowing the ignition electrode to ignite ammonia more reliably, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of combustion.

[0012] Preferably, the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline includes a flow control instrument pipeline and a safety valve mechanism, one end of the flow control instrument pipeline is connected to the liquid ammonia heater, and the other end is connected to the ammonia fuel burner, and the connection node between the flow control instrument pipeline and the ammonia fuel burner is connected to the safety valve mechanism.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the flow control instrument pipeline and safety valve mechanism set in the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline can ensure that the flow and pressure of liquid ammonia can be effectively controlled during the process of supplying ammonia fuel burners, and when abnormal conditions occur, the safety valve mechanism can play a role in time to prevent system failure or danger caused by excessive liquid ammonia or excessive pressure. This design improves the safety and stability of the entire liquid ammonia supply system, thereby ensuring the safe combustion of ammonia fuel.

[0014] Preferably, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism includes a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank connected to the liquid ammonia heater, a carbon dioxide booster compressor connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank, a carbon dioxide dryer connected to the carbon dioxide booster compressor, and a liquefier connected to the carbon dioxide dryer;

[0015] The gaseous carbon dioxide that has passed through the liquid ammonia heater is sequentially passed through the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank for gas-liquid separation and compression buffering, is boosted and compressed by the carbon dioxide boost compressor, is dried and dehydrated by the carbon dioxide dryer, and is then liquefied in the liquefier.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism can effectively achieve gas-liquid separation, boost compression and drying of carbon dioxide through the synergistic effect of components such as the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank, boost compressor and dryer, so that the carbon dioxide can reach the temperature and pressure conditions suitable for liquefaction before entering the liquefier. This treatment method not only improves the liquefaction efficiency of carbon dioxide, but also reduces the impact of moisture and other impurities in the system on the liquefaction process, thereby ensuring the quality and purity of liquefied carbon dioxide.

[0017] Preferably, the liquid ammonia inlet end of the liquefier serves as the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism, and is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline through a liquid ammonia booster pump. The carbon dioxide dryer comprises a liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler, a first water-carbon dioxide cooler and a dryer. The liquid ammonia inlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline, the liquid ammonia outlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler is connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank, the dryer is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the first water-carbon dioxide cooler, the outlet end of the first water-carbon dioxide cooler is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler, the carbon dioxide outlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the liquefier, and the carbon dioxide outlet end of the liquefier is connected to a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank;

[0018] After entering the dryer for drying, the carbon dioxide sequentially enters the first water-carbon dioxide cooler for primary cooling, enters the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler for secondary cooling, and enters the liquefier for liquefaction cooling. The liquid ammonia exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide when entering the liquefier to liquefy and cool the carbon dioxide, and exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide when entering the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler to cool the carbon dioxide at the secondary level.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquefier is connected to the liquid ammonia booster pump, and the pressure of the liquid ammonia can be increased by the booster pump during the liquid ammonia supply process to ensure that the liquid ammonia remains in a liquid phase in the pipeline. Effective heat exchange is carried out through components such as the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler and the first water-carbon dioxide cooler, so that the liquid ammonia can be gradually heated while the carbon dioxide is cooled, thereby providing stable temperature conditions for the secondary preheating of the liquid ammonia and the gas supply of the ammonia fuel burner, thereby improving the working efficiency of the system.

[0020] Preferably, the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank includes a tank body, a tank level gauge connected to the tank body, and a discharge pipeline regulating valve group having one end connected to the tank level gauge, the other end of the discharge pipeline regulating valve group is connected to a liquid carbon dioxide transfer tank truck, and the tank level gauge is used to measure the liquid level. When the liquid level is too high, it is discharged to the liquid carbon dioxide transfer tank truck through the discharge pipeline regulating valve group.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid level meter in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and the regulating valve group of the discharge pipeline cooperate with each other to monitor the liquid carbon dioxide level in the storage tank in real time, and discharge the liquid carbon dioxide through the regulating valve group when the liquid level is too high, ensuring that the liquid level in the storage tank remains within a safe range. This design not only improves the automation level of the system, but also avoids the potential risks caused by excessive accumulation of liquid carbon dioxide, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0022] Preferably, the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to a gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to a pressure control valve group for controlling the pressure of the gas-liquid separator, thereby enabling the gas-liquid separator to separate non-condensable vapor from carbon dioxide droplets.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the combined design of the gas-liquid separator and the pressure control valve group can effectively control the pressure in the gas-liquid separator, ensuring a smoother separation process of non-condensable steam and liquid carbon dioxide. Through this separation, the purity of liquid carbon dioxide can be improved, reducing the impact of non-condensable steam in the system on the storage and use of liquid carbon dioxide, while ensuring more accurate pressure control of the system, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency and safety of the system.

[0024] Preferably, a second water-carbon dioxide cooler is provided between the dryer and the carbon dioxide booster compressor.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the second water-CO2 cooler set between the dryer and the CO2 boost compressor can further cool the CO2 after boosting and compressing it, so that the temperature of the CO2 is controlled within a range suitable for drying and liquefaction. This design not only ensures that the CO2 drying process is more efficient, but also provides suitable temperature conditions for subsequent liquefaction treatment, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of CO2 liquefaction.

[0026] A monitoring method for a carbon dioxide-based ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system, using a carbon dioxide-based ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system, the monitoring method comprises:

[0027] Identify the unit nodes included in the liquid ammonia heater, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism, and the ammonia fuel burner;

[0028] Acquire a pre-measurable parameter before entering the unit node and a post-measurable parameter after entering the unit node, and compare the pre-measurable parameter with the post-measurable parameter to generate a corresponding parameter difference;

[0029] Obtaining the node type of the unit node, and determining the corresponding weight coefficient and the preset confidence interval according to the node type;

[0030] Determine whether the weight product obtained by multiplying the weight coefficient and the parameter difference falls within the preset confidence interval; if so, determine the first-class risk level corresponding to the unit node according to the weight product; if not, obtain the degree difference between the weight product and the preset confidence interval, and determine the second-class risk level of the unit node according to the degree difference;

[0031] Obtaining distribution characteristics of each of the second risk levels, and matching corresponding risk events according to the distribution characteristics;

[0032] Determine the magnitude of the risk event, and perform a corresponding alarm action according to the magnitude.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the monitoring method based on the carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system can obtain the pre- and post-parameter comparison in real time by monitoring the unit nodes such as the liquid ammonia heater, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism and the ammonia fuel burner, and judge the risk level according to the weight coefficient and the parameter difference. This method can not only predict potential risk events in advance, but also send out alarm signals in time to ensure that the system can respond quickly when problems occur, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire system.

[0034] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0035] 1. An effective heat exchange and energy transfer channel is formed between the liquid ammonia heater, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism and the ammonia fuel burner, which can realize the full gasification and combustion of liquid ammonia in the process of step-by-step preheating. At the same time, the heat energy of gaseous carbon dioxide is used for preheating, ensuring that the liquid ammonia is heated to a suitable temperature before entering the ammonia fuel burner, thereby improving the efficiency of ammonia combustion, reducing energy loss and ensuring the efficient operation of the entire gas supply system. That is, first, liquid ammonia enters the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism through the liquid ammonia supply pipeline, where the gaseous carbon dioxide is liquefied while the liquid ammonia undergoes a first-level preheating. After that, the preheated liquid ammonia enters the liquid ammonia heater and is further heated by gaseous carbon dioxide to achieve the second-level preheating of liquid ammonia. In this process, the heat energy of gaseous carbon dioxide is effectively transferred to liquid ammonia, and finally the liquid ammonia is heated to a gasified state, and the gaseous ammonia is sent to the ammonia fuel burner for combustion through the pressure regulating device. This not only reduces traditional gasification equipment such as gasifiers and pressure buffer tanks, but also utilizes the waste heat in the carbon dioxide liquefaction process, improves energy utilization efficiency, and achieves the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0036] 2. Liquid ammonia is a low-temperature liquid. If it is directly sprayed into the burner for combustion without being heated, the liquid ammonia vaporization will take away a large amount of heat, which may cause the flame to go out. The present invention utilizes the waste heat before the carbon dioxide is liquefied to heat the liquid ammonia, and at the same time utilizes the cold energy of the liquid ammonia to liquefy the carbon dioxide to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. The heated and vaporized ammonia is passed into the burner after pressure regulation to achieve preheating combustion. Compared with the traditional gasification process, it reduces the equipment such as the gasifier and the pressure buffer tank, saving investment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism in a carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system in one embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a liquid ammonia heater, an ammonia fuel burner and a liquid ammonia regulating pipeline in a carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system in one embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of a monitoring method for a carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system in one embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. liquid ammonia heater; 2. carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism; 21. carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank; 22. carbon dioxide booster compressor; 221. second water-carbon dioxide cooler; 23. carbon dioxide dryer; 231. liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler; 232. first water-carbon dioxide cooler; 233. dryer; 24. liquefier; 25. liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; 251. storage tank level gauge; 252. discharge pipeline regulating valve group; 26. gas-liquid separator; 27. pressure control valve group; 3. ammonia fuel burner; 31. burner; 32. gasification chamber; 33. ammonia preheating pressure regulating pipeline; 331. preheating pipeline; 332. baffle pipeline; 333. pressure regulating pipeline; 34. ignition electrode; 35. nozzle; 4. liquid ammonia regulating pipeline; 41. flow control instrument pipeline; 42. safety valve mechanism; 5. liquid ammonia booster pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] A carbon dioxide-based preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system includes a liquid ammonia heater 1, a carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 and an ammonia fuel burner 3, wherein the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline, the liquid ammonia outlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater 1, the liquid ammonia outlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater 1 is connected to one end of a liquid ammonia regulating pipeline 4, the other end of the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline 4 is connected to the ammonia fuel burner 3, the carbon dioxide inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater 1 is connected to the gaseous carbon dioxide supply regulating pipeline, the carbon dioxide outlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater 1 is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2, and the carbon dioxide outlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 is used to output liquid carbon dioxide for storage;

[0043] The carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 is used to liquefy gaseous carbon dioxide on the one hand, and to perform primary preheating of liquid ammonia on the other hand. When the gaseous carbon dioxide supply pipeline introduces gaseous carbon dioxide into the liquid ammonia heater 1, the liquid ammonia heater 1 is used to transfer the heat energy of the gaseous carbon dioxide to the liquid ammonia that has been preheated in the first stage, so as to perform secondary preheating of the liquid ammonia. The ammonia fuel burner 3 is used to gasify liquid ammonia to generate ammonia gas, and ignite the ammonia gas.

[0044] In this embodiment, based on the carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system, the specific implementation method of the liquid ammonia heater 1 is designed through a precise heat exchange unit. When the liquid ammonia enters the heater, the gaseous carbon dioxide is transported through the adjacent heat exchange pipeline, and the heat is transferred to the liquid ammonia during the heat transfer process, so that the liquid ammonia gradually heats up. The heater is provided with a multi-layer heat exchanger chip to ensure that the heat energy of the gaseous carbon dioxide is transferred to the liquid ammonia to the maximum extent, thereby realizing the first-level preheating of the liquid ammonia. In this level of preheating process, the gaseous carbon dioxide is ensured to fully contact the liquid ammonia through the guide structure in the heater, thereby accelerating the heat exchange efficiency. After the heat energy of the gaseous carbon dioxide is transferred to the liquid ammonia, its temperature gradually decreases, and it re-enters the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 through the outlet pipe for recycling. Through such a design, the liquid ammonia is effectively preheated in the heater, providing ideal temperature conditions for the subsequent ammonia fuel combustion process, and ensuring that the liquid ammonia can smoothly enter the combustion system.

[0045] The specific process is described as follows: The present invention mainly consists of two subsystems, a liquid ammonia cooling energy utilizing a liquefied carbon dioxide-ammonia preheating system and a liquid ammonia fuel gasification supply ammonia burner system.

[0046] 1) Liquid ammonia cooling can utilize the liquefied carbon dioxide-ammonia preheating system; 1. Carbon dioxide process: The 50°C carbon dioxide that has just passed the primary dehydration from the top of the analysis tower is pressurized by the carbon dioxide booster fan and then discharged into the liquid ammonia heater 1. The liquid ammonia heater 1 is generally used to heat the liquid ammonia (heat the liquid ammonia to about 30°C) and to initially cool the 50°C carbon dioxide, generally reducing the temperature difference of the carbon dioxide by 10°C. The cooled carbon dioxide then enters the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21 for gas-liquid separation and serves as a buffer before the carbon dioxide is pressurized. The liquid ammonia cooling coil in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21 will further cool the carbon dioxide. Generally, this process will reduce the carbon dioxide to about 5°C. The wire mesh demister in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21 will remove small droplets in the carbon dioxide gas; the carbon dioxide is pressurized by 16MPa by the carbon dioxide booster compressor 22 and the temperature rises. After water cooling through the second water-carbon dioxide cooler 221 The temperature is controlled below 40°C (since the temperature of the compressed carbon dioxide here is about 130°C, the temperature is relatively high and is not suitable for heat exchange with liquid ammonia, which will cause a drastic phase change of the liquid ammonia). The water-cooled carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide dryer 23 for drying and dehydration. The dehydrated carbon dioxide continues to be water-cooled through the first water-carbon dioxide cooler 232 to keep the temperature below 40°C. Then the carbon dioxide enters the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 to precool the carbon dioxide to about 10~5°C and enter the liquefier 24. The liquefier 24 will cool the carbon dioxide to -28°C. At 16MPa and -28°C, the carbon dioxide will condense into liquid and enter the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25. When the liquid level rises, it can be measured by the tank level gauge 251, and the liquid level of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25 is controlled to be within the normal range through the drainage pipeline regulating valve group 252 and the tank level gauge 251. Since the original carbon dioxide gas usually contains trace amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, etc., these gases have high liquefaction pressure and low liquefaction temperature. After entering the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25, they usually carry carbon dioxide droplets and escape into the gas-liquid separator 26. The gas-liquid separator 26 will separate the non-condensable steam from the carbon dioxide droplets, and then discharge them through the exhaust pipeline pressure control valve group 27. The pressure of the gas-liquid separator 26 is controlled at 16MPa through the exhaust pipeline pressure control valve group 27 and the pressure transmitter on the gas-liquid separator 26 to prevent carbon dioxide from gasifying.

[0047] 2) Liquid ammonia fuel gasification supplies ammonia burner system: -38℃ atmospheric pressure liquid ammonia stored in the membrane tank is pressurized and transported by the liquid ammonia booster pump 5 (25MPa). The main purpose of the pressure increase is to prevent phase change (from liquid phase to gas-liquid mixed phase or direct gasification) during downstream heat exchange, ensuring that it is in liquid phase before entering the burner 31; phase change may cause gas accumulation in pipelines and equipment, which is not conducive to transportation and heat exchange. The pressurized low-temperature liquid ammonia is divided into two streams. One stream is passed into the liquefier 24 to cool and liquefy carbon dioxide to -28℃, and the liquid ammonia temperature is raised to -35℃; the other stream is passed into the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 to precool carbon dioxide. Finally, the two streams of liquid ammonia merge and enter the liquid ammonia cooling coil to cool the 40℃ carbon dioxide in the tank to 5℃ in the cooling coil and discharge. Liquid ammonia at about -5°C flows out and enters the liquid ammonia heater 1. Carbon dioxide at 50°C heats the liquid ammonia to 20°C. Liquid ammonia is controlled by the flow control instrument pipeline 41 of the liquid ammonia supply regulating pipeline to adjust the liquid ammonia flow and pressure (a pressure regulating valve is provided on the pipeline) and is sprayed into the gasification chamber 32 through the nozzle 35. The gasification chamber 32 absorbs part of the heat generated by the combustion of the gas in the burner 31 and heats up to 150-200°C. The sprayed liquid ammonia enters the gasification chamber 32. Due to the high temperature and low pressure in the gasification chamber, , liquid ammonia is rapidly gasified, and the gasified liquid ammonia is baffled in the baffle pipe 332 in the burner 31 and continues to heat up to ensure that the ammonia reaches a relatively flammable temperature of more than 300°C, then flows out of the burner 31 and continues to reduce its pressure to 5~10KPa through the pressure regulating pipe 333, and finally enters the bottom of the burner 31 and mixes with the air introduced by the air pipeline in a certain proportion, and is ignited by the spark generated by the ignition electrode 34. The flame gas after ignition is ejected through the burner 31 at about 5~10KPa and enters the combustion chamber of the boiler, etc. The natural gas pipeline supplies natural gas to provide temperature for the initial ignition and combustion of ammonia gasification and ignite the ammonia.

[0048] In summary, an effective heat exchange and energy transfer channel is formed between the liquid ammonia heater 1, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 and the ammonia fuel burner 3, which can realize the full gasification and combustion of liquid ammonia in the process of step-by-step preheating. At the same time, the thermal energy of gaseous carbon dioxide is used for preheating, ensuring that the liquid ammonia is heated to a suitable temperature before entering the ammonia fuel burner 3, thereby improving the efficiency of ammonia combustion, reducing energy loss and ensuring the efficient operation of the entire gas supply system.

[0049] Specifically, the ammonia fuel burner 3 includes a burner 31, a gasification chamber 32 arranged inside the burner 31, an ammonia preheating pressure regulating pipeline 33 whose inlet end is connected to the gasification chamber 32, and an ignition electrode 34 arranged inside the burner 31. The gasification chamber 32 is provided with a nozzle 35 that is interconnected with the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline 4. The gasification chamber 32 is used to gasify the liquid ammonia sprayed through the nozzle 35 to generate ammonia. The ammonia preheating pressure regulating pipeline 33 is connected to the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline 4. The outlet end of the pipeline 33 is connected to the burner 31, so that the ammonia generated in the gasification chamber 32 is preheated and pressure-regulated through the ammonia preheating and pressure-regulating pipeline 33 and then flows back to the burner 31. The ignition electrode 34 is connected to an ignition power supply, and the ignition power supply ignites the ammonia that flows back to the burner 31 after preheating and pressure-regulating through the ignition electrode 34. The burner 31 is connected to a natural gas pipeline, and the natural gas pipeline is used to provide temperature for the initial ignition and combustion of ammonia gasification.

[0050] In this embodiment, during the implementation of the ammonia fuel burner 3, liquid ammonia is transported to the interior of the burner through a regulating pipeline, and is atomized by a nozzle 35 before entering the burner, so that the liquid ammonia is sprayed into the gasification chamber 32 in the form of fine droplets. In the chamber, the liquid ammonia is rapidly vaporized into ammonia gas. During the gasification process, the spark generated by the ignition electrode 34 ignites the ammonia gas in the chamber, thereby completing the combustion start. In order to ensure the stability and efficiency of ammonia combustion, a set of precise temperature regulating devices is provided in the gasification chamber 32, which can regulate the mixing ratio of ammonia gas and air entering the chamber, and continuously monitor the gas pressure and temperature of ammonia gas during the combustion process. The vaporized ammonia gas flows back to the burner 31 through the preheating pressure regulating pipeline, and after secondary preheating and pressure regulation, it is ensured that the ammonia gas enters the burner at a stable flow rate for combustion. This system design ensures the stability and safety of the combustion process and effectively improves the combustion efficiency.

[0051] In summary, the nozzle 35 provided in the ammonia fuel burner 3 can effectively atomize the liquid ammonia, and quickly gasify it into ammonia through the gasification chamber 32, and at the same time, fully burn the ammonia under the ignition of the ignition electrode 34. The preheating pressure regulating pipeline can adjust the temperature and pressure of the ammonia to ensure that the gasified ammonia can stably flow back to the burner 31 for combustion. This design improves the stability and efficiency of combustion, and ensures the safety of the ignition process and the stability of the combustion process by adjusting the mixing ratio of air and ammonia.

[0052] Specifically, the ammonia preheating and pressure regulating pipeline 33 includes a preheating pipe 331, a deflection pipe 332 and a pressure regulating pipe 333. One end of the preheating pipe 331 is interconnected with the gasification chamber 32, and the other end is connected to one end of the deflection pipe 332. The other end of the deflection pipe 332 passes through the burner 31 and is connected to one end of the pressure regulating pipe 333. The other end of the pressure regulating pipe 333 is connected to the burner 31. The preheating pipe 331 and the deflection pipe 332 are used to heat the ammonia to a corresponding flammable temperature. The pressure regulating pipe 333 is used to regulate the pressure of the ammonia to a corresponding gas pressure. The burner 31 is connected to an air pipeline, and the air pipeline is used to introduce air so that the ammonia and air flowing back into the burner 31 are mixed in a certain proportion to facilitate the ignition of the ignition electrode 34.

[0053] In the present embodiment, the specific implementation of the ammonia preheating pressure regulating pipeline 33 includes a series of pipeline systems, through which the gasified ammonia is guided to the preheating area and multi-stage adjustment is performed. In this system, the preheating pipeline 331 is connected to the gasification chamber 32, and the temperature of the ammonia can be increased by absorbing heat from the surrounding environment to ensure that the ammonia reaches the flammable temperature. In addition, the design of the baffle pipeline 332 can increase the flow path of the ammonia in the pipeline, thereby extending its heating time, so that the ammonia can be fully preheated before combustion. In the process of preheating and pressure regulation, the pressure regulating pipeline 333 regulates the pressure of the ammonia to ensure that the ammonia enters the burner under suitable pressure conditions for combustion. Through this multi-stage adjustment, the temperature and pressure of the ammonia before entering the burner 31 are accurately controlled, thereby ensuring the stability and efficiency of combustion.

[0054] In summary, the preheating pipe 331, the baffle pipe 332 and the pressure regulating pipe 333 in the ammonia preheating and pressure regulating pipeline 33 cooperate with each other to accurately control the temperature and pressure of the gasified ammonia. After passing through the preheating pipe 331 and the baffle pipe 332, the ammonia can reach a flammable temperature before entering the combustion chamber, and at the same time, the ammonia is adjusted to a pressure range suitable for combustion through the pressure regulating pipe 333. This preheating and pressure regulating design effectively improves the combustion performance of ammonia, so that the ignition electrode 34 can ignite ammonia more reliably, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of combustion.

[0055] Specifically, the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline 4 includes a flow control instrument pipeline 41 and a safety valve mechanism 42. One end of the flow control instrument pipeline 41 is connected to the liquid ammonia heater 1, and the other end is connected to the ammonia fuel burner 3. The connection node between the flow control instrument pipeline 41 and the ammonia fuel burner 3 is connected to the safety valve mechanism 42.

[0056] In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline 4 is to achieve precise control of liquid ammonia through the synergistic effect of the flow control instrument pipeline 41 and the safety valve mechanism 42. The flow control instrument pipeline 41 can monitor the speed and pressure of liquid ammonia flowing through the pipeline in real time, and adjust the flow of liquid ammonia according to system requirements to ensure the stability of liquid ammonia supply. At the same time, the safety valve mechanism 42 serves as a protective device in the entire liquid ammonia supply system. When the liquid ammonia flow or pressure exceeds the set safety threshold, the safety valve can be activated in time to release excess liquid ammonia or reduce pressure to ensure the safe operation of the system. Through this design, the entire liquid ammonia supply system has a high degree of safety and flexibility, and can effectively prevent overpressure or liquid ammonia leakage problems in the gas supply system.

[0057] In summary, the flow control instrument pipeline 41 and the safety valve mechanism 42 provided in the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline 4 can ensure that the flow rate and pressure of liquid ammonia can be effectively controlled during the process of supplying the ammonia fuel burner 3, and when an abnormal situation occurs, the safety valve mechanism 42 can play a role in time to prevent system failure or danger caused by excessive liquid ammonia or excessive pressure. This design improves the safety and stability of the entire liquid ammonia supply system, thereby ensuring the safe combustion of ammonia fuel.

[0058] Specifically, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 includes a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21 connected to the liquid ammonia heater 1, a carbon dioxide booster compressor 22 connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21, a carbon dioxide dryer 23 connected to the carbon dioxide booster compressor 22, and a liquefier 24 connected to the carbon dioxide dryer 23;

[0059] The gaseous carbon dioxide that has passed through the liquid ammonia heater 1 is sequentially passed through the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21 for gas-liquid separation and compression buffering, is boosted and compressed by the carbon dioxide boost compressor 22, is dried and dehydrated by the carbon dioxide dryer 23, and is then liquefied in the liquefier 24.

[0060] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 is realized through a combination of multi-stage components, including a gas-liquid separation buffer tank, a booster compressor, a dryer and a liquefier 24. The function of the gas-liquid separation buffer tank is to perform preliminary gas-liquid separation on the gaseous carbon dioxide transmitted from the liquid ammonia heater 1, and to buffer the pressure fluctuations in the subsequent compression process. After separation, the gaseous carbon dioxide is pressurized by the booster compressor to increase its gas pressure so that it can enter the dryer with a higher compression efficiency. The dryer removes moisture from the carbon dioxide through adsorption or other dehydration processes to ensure that there is no excess moisture in the liquefaction process that affects the quality of the liquid carbon dioxide. Finally, the dried carbon dioxide enters the liquefier 24, is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide by cooling and stored;

[0061] In summary, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 can effectively achieve gas-liquid separation, boost compression and drying of carbon dioxide through the synergistic effect of components such as the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21, the boost compressor and the dryer, so that the carbon dioxide can reach a temperature and pressure condition suitable for liquefaction before entering the liquefier 24. This treatment method not only improves the liquefaction efficiency of carbon dioxide, but also reduces the impact of moisture and other impurities in the system on the liquefaction process, thereby ensuring the quality and purity of the liquefied carbon dioxide.

[0062] Specifically, the liquid ammonia inlet end of the liquefier 24 serves as the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2, and is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline through a liquid ammonia booster pump 5. The carbon dioxide dryer 23 includes a liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231, a first water-carbon dioxide cooler 232 and a dryer 233. The liquid ammonia inlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline, the liquid ammonia outlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 is connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank 21, the dryer 233 is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the first water-carbon dioxide cooler 232, the outlet end of the first water-carbon dioxide cooler 232 is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231, the carbon dioxide outlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the liquefier 24, and the carbon dioxide outlet end of the liquefier 24 is connected to a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25;

[0063] After entering the dryer 233 for drying, the carbon dioxide sequentially enters the first water-carbon dioxide cooler 232 for primary cooling, enters the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 for secondary cooling, and enters the liquefier 24 for liquefaction cooling. The liquid ammonia exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide when entering the liquefier 24 to liquefy and cool the carbon dioxide, and exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide when entering the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 to cool the carbon dioxide at the secondary level.

[0064] In this embodiment, the cooperation between the liquefier 24 and the liquid ammonia booster pump 5 realizes a stable supply of liquid ammonia. During the liquid ammonia transportation process, the booster pump increases the pressure of the liquid ammonia to ensure that the liquid ammonia can remain in a liquid state under high pressure conditions, thereby avoiding the premature gasification of the liquid ammonia due to insufficient pressure. At the same time, the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 and the cooler in the liquefier 24 gradually heat up the liquid ammonia and cool the carbon dioxide through heat exchange. This synchronous heat exchange design ensures the efficient liquefaction of carbon dioxide, while allowing the liquid ammonia to reach the required temperature conditions before combustion, thereby improving the working efficiency of the entire gas supply system.

[0065] To sum up, the liquefier 24 is connected to the liquid ammonia booster pump 5, and the pressure of the liquid ammonia can be increased through the booster pump during the liquid ammonia supply process to ensure that the liquid ammonia remains in a liquid phase in the pipeline, and effective heat exchange is performed through components such as the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler 231 and the first water-carbon dioxide cooler 232, so that the liquid ammonia can be gradually heated while the carbon dioxide is cooled, thereby providing stable temperature conditions for the secondary preheating of the liquid ammonia and the gas supply of the ammonia fuel burner 3, thereby improving the working efficiency of the system.

[0066] Specifically, the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25 includes a tank body, a tank level gauge 251 connected to the tank body, and a discharge pipeline regulating valve group 252 connected to the tank level gauge 251 at one end. The other end of the discharge pipeline regulating valve group 252 is connected to a liquid carbon dioxide transfer tank truck. The tank level gauge 251 is used to measure the liquid level. When the liquid level is too high, it is discharged to the liquid carbon dioxide transfer tank truck through the discharge pipeline regulating valve group 252.

[0067] In this embodiment, the implementation of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25 includes a set of liquid level monitoring and drainage control systems. The tank level gauge 251 can monitor the liquid level of the liquid carbon dioxide in the tank in real time. When the liquid level reaches the preset upper limit, the drainage pipeline regulating valve group 252 will start to automatically discharge excess liquid carbon dioxide to the transfer tank truck to ensure that the liquid level in the tank is maintained within a safe range. Through this design, the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25 can operate safely under automated management to avoid tank overflow or safety hazards caused by excessively high liquid levels.

[0068] In summary, the liquid level meter in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25 and the discharge line regulating valve group 252 cooperate with each other to monitor the liquid carbon dioxide level in the storage tank in real time, and discharge the liquid carbon dioxide through the regulating valve group when the liquid level is too high, so as to ensure that the liquid level in the storage tank remains within a safe range. This design not only improves the automation level of the system, but also avoids the potential risks caused by excessive accumulation of liquid carbon dioxide, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0069] Specifically, the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 25 is connected to a gas-liquid separator 26 , and the gas-liquid separator 26 is connected to a pressure control valve group 27 for controlling the pressure of the gas-liquid separator 26 , so that the gas-liquid separator 26 separates non-condensable steam from carbon dioxide droplets.

[0070] In this embodiment, the gas-liquid separator 26 is implemented by controlling the internal pressure to ensure the effective separation of non-condensable steam and liquid carbon dioxide. The pressure control valve group 27 is responsible for maintaining the pressure stability in the gas-liquid separator 26 to ensure that the non-condensable steam and liquid carbon dioxide can be separated under appropriate pressure conditions. In this way, the gas-liquid separator 26 can remove the non-condensable steam component to the maximum extent, thereby improving the purity of the liquid carbon dioxide and ensuring its quality during storage and use.

[0071] In summary, the combined design of the gas-liquid separator 26 and the pressure control valve group 27 can effectively control the pressure in the gas-liquid separator 26, ensuring that the separation process of non-condensable steam and liquid carbon dioxide is smoother. Through this separation, the purity of liquid carbon dioxide can be improved, reducing the impact of non-condensable steam in the system on the storage and use of liquid carbon dioxide, while ensuring that the pressure control of the system is more accurate, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency and safety of the system.

[0072] Specifically, a second water-carbon dioxide cooler 221 is provided between the dryer 233 and the carbon dioxide boost compressor 22 .

[0073] In this embodiment, the specific implementation of the second water-carbon dioxide cooler 221 is to further cool the carbon dioxide through a water cooling system between the dryer 233 and the booster compressor. The cooler quickly cools the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas through the cooling effect of circulating water to a temperature range suitable for subsequent drying and liquefaction treatment. The design of the cooler not only improves the efficiency of carbon dioxide treatment, but also reduces energy consumption, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the system.

[0074] In summary, the second water-carbon dioxide cooler 221 disposed between the dryer 233 and the carbon dioxide boost compressor 22 can further cool the carbon dioxide after boosting and compressing it, so that the temperature of the carbon dioxide is controlled within a range suitable for drying and liquefaction. This design not only ensures that the drying process of carbon dioxide is more efficient, but also provides suitable temperature conditions for subsequent liquefaction processing, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of carbon dioxide liquefaction.

[0075] Specifically, a monitoring method based on carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system, using a carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system, the monitoring method includes:

[0076] S10, determining the unit nodes included in the liquid ammonia heater 1, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 and the ammonia fuel burner 3;

[0077] In this embodiment, the unit nodes in the liquid ammonia heater 1, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 and the ammonia fuel burner 3 can be understood as physical devices or logic modules that each performs a specific function in the system. For example, the liquid ammonia heater 1, as one of the unit nodes, is mainly used to heat liquid ammonia to an appropriate temperature so that it can burn more efficiently in the ammonia fuel burner 3. The carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2, as another unit node, is used to liquefy the carbon dioxide produced by combustion, thereby realizing the utilization of cold energy in the system. The ammonia fuel burner 3 is a key node for using gaseous ammonia as fuel for combustion reactions. Therefore, in this embodiment, the purpose of determining these unit nodes is to clarify the objects to be monitored and processed, so as to perform accurate parameter acquisition and risk assessment in subsequent steps.

[0078] S20, obtaining a pre-measurable parameter before entering the unit node and a post-measurable parameter after entering the unit node, and comparing the pre-measurable parameter with the post-measurable parameter to generate a corresponding parameter difference;

[0079] In this embodiment, the pre-measurable parameters and the post-measurable parameters represent physical quantities or state variables that can be measured at the entrance and exit of a unit node, respectively. These parameters may include temperature, pressure, flow, etc. For example, the pre-measurable parameters of the liquid ammonia heater 1 may include the temperature and pressure of unheated liquid ammonia, and the post-measurable parameters are the temperature and pressure of heated gaseous ammonia. By comparing the changes in the parameters before and after, the system can evaluate whether the operating status of the unit node meets expectations. The generated parameter difference provides a basis for further analysis of the performance, efficiency or potential failures of the unit node.

[0080] S30, obtaining the node type of the unit node, and determining the corresponding weight coefficient and preset confidence interval according to the node type;

[0081] In this embodiment, the node type refers to the functional type or role of different unit nodes in the system. Each type of node may correspond to a different weight coefficient and a preset confidence interval. For example, as a heating device, the operating efficiency of the liquid ammonia heater 1 may have a greater impact on the overall system, so its weight coefficient is higher. The carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 may mainly affect the efficiency of energy recovery, and its weight coefficient is relatively low. According to these node types, the system can set different weight coefficients and corresponding confidence intervals in a targeted manner for subsequent risk assessment and judgment.

[0082] S40, judging whether the weight product obtained by multiplying the weight coefficient and the parameter difference falls within the preset confidence interval, if so, determining the first-class risk level corresponding to the unit node according to the weight product, if not, obtaining the degree difference between the weight product and the preset confidence interval, and determining the second-class risk level of the unit node according to the degree difference;

[0083] In this embodiment, the weight product obtained by multiplying the weight coefficient and the parameter difference is used to evaluate whether the operating status of the unit node is normal. By comparing this weight product with the preset confidence interval, the system can determine whether the node is in a safe operating state. If the weight product falls within the confidence interval, it means that the operating parameters of the node are within the expected range, and the system can assess its risk level as a Class I risk, which is an acceptable operating state. If the weight product exceeds the confidence interval, it means that the node may have an abnormality or potential problems. The system will further evaluate the severity of the risk by calculating the difference between the weight product and the confidence interval, and determine the Class II risk level of the node based on the difference, indicating that the system may need maintenance or adjustment.

[0084] S50, obtaining distribution characteristics of each of the second risk levels, and matching corresponding risk events according to the distribution characteristics;

[0085] In this embodiment, the distribution characteristics of each second-class risk level can be determined by counting the frequency and location of abnormalities in each unit node. For example, among multiple nodes, if the liquid ammonia heater 1 frequently exceeds the confidence interval, while the risk levels of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 and the ammonia fuel burner 3 are relatively low, then the system may generate a specific risk event for the liquid ammonia heater 1. By analyzing the distribution of each risk level, the system can identify possible fault points or potential risks and take corresponding measures.

[0086] S60: Determine the degree value of the risk event, and perform a corresponding alarm action according to the degree value.

[0087] In this embodiment, the degree of risk events can be determined by quantifying the distribution of the two risk levels. For example, if the liquid ammonia heater 1 frequently has a high risk level in multiple monitoring cycles, the system will determine that the degree of its risk event is high and may trigger an emergency alarm or shutdown protection measures. Depending on the degree of value, the system will perform different alarm actions, such as sound or visual alarms, or directly send an alarm message to the operator to remind the operator to take corresponding actions immediately.

[0088] In summary, the monitoring method based on the carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system can obtain the pre- and post-parameter comparison in real time by monitoring the unit nodes such as the liquid ammonia heater 1, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism 2 and the ammonia fuel burner 3, and judge the risk level according to the weight coefficient and the parameter difference. This method can not only predict potential risk events in advance, but also send out alarm signals in time to ensure that the system can respond quickly when problems occur, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire system.

[0089] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Based on the carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system, it is characterized by: The invention comprises a liquid ammonia heater (1), a carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2) and an ammonia fuel burner (3), wherein the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2) is connected to a liquid ammonia supply pipeline, the liquid ammonia outlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2) is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater (1), the liquid ammonia outlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater (1) is connected to one end of a liquid ammonia regulating pipeline (4), the other end of the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline (4) is connected to the ammonia fuel burner (3), the carbon dioxide inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater (1) is connected to a gaseous carbon dioxide supply regulating pipeline, the carbon dioxide outlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia heater (1) is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2), and the carbon dioxide outlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2) is used to output liquid carbon dioxide for storage; The carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2) is used to liquefy gaseous carbon dioxide on the one hand, and to perform primary preheating of liquid ammonia on the other hand. When the gaseous carbon dioxide supply pipeline introduces gaseous carbon dioxide into the liquid ammonia heater (1), the liquid ammonia heater (1) is used to transfer the heat energy of the gaseous carbon dioxide to the liquid ammonia that has been preheated on the primary stage, so as to perform secondary preheating of the liquid ammonia. The ammonia fuel burner (3) is used to gasify the liquid ammonia to generate ammonia gas, and to ignite the ammonia gas.

2. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ammonia fuel burner (3) comprises a burner (31), a gasification chamber (32) arranged inside the burner (31), an ammonia preheating pressure regulating pipeline (33) whose inlet end is connected to the gasification chamber (32), and an ignition electrode (34) arranged inside the burner (31). The gasification chamber (32) is provided with a nozzle (35) which is connected to the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline (4). The gasification chamber (32) is used to gasify the liquid ammonia sprayed through the nozzle (35) to generate ammonia gas. The ammonia preheating pressure regulating pipeline (33) is connected to the liquid ammonia regulating pipeline (4). The outlet end of the pressure-regulating pipeline (33) is connected to the burner (31), so that the ammonia generated in the gasification chamber (32) is preheated and pressure-regulated through the ammonia preheating and pressure-regulating pipeline (33) and then flows back to the burner (31); the ignition electrode (34) is connected to an ignition power supply, and the ignition power supply ignites the ammonia that flows back to the burner (31) after preheating and pressure-regulating through the ignition electrode (34); the burner (31) is connected to a natural gas pipeline, and the natural gas pipeline is used to provide temperature for the initial ignition and combustion of ammonia gasification.

3. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The ammonia preheating and pressure regulating pipeline (33) comprises a preheating pipeline (331), a baffle pipeline (332) and a pressure regulating pipeline (333). One end of the preheating pipeline (331) is interconnected with the gasification chamber (32), and the other end is connected to one end of the baffle pipeline (332). The other end of the baffle pipeline (332) passes through the burner (31) and is connected to one end of the pressure regulating pipeline (333). The other end of the pressure regulating pipeline (333) is connected to the burner (31). The preheating pipeline (331) and the baffle pipeline (332) are used to heat the ammonia to a corresponding flammable temperature. The pressure regulating pipeline (333) is used to regulate the pressure of the ammonia to a corresponding gas pressure. The burner (31) is connected to an air pipeline. The air pipeline is used to introduce air so that the ammonia and air flowing back into the burner (31) are mixed in a certain proportion to facilitate the ignition of the ignition electrode (34).

4. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The liquid ammonia regulating pipeline (4) comprises a flow control instrument pipeline (41) and a safety valve mechanism (42); one end of the flow control instrument pipeline (41) is connected to the liquid ammonia heater (1), and the other end is connected to the ammonia fuel burner (3); and a connection node between the flow control instrument pipeline (41) and the ammonia fuel burner (3) is connected to the safety valve mechanism (42).

5. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2) comprises a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank (21) connected to the liquid ammonia heater (1), a carbon dioxide booster compressor (22) connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank (21), a carbon dioxide dryer (23) connected to the carbon dioxide booster compressor (22), and a liquefier (24) connected to the carbon dioxide dryer (23); The gaseous carbon dioxide that has passed through the liquid ammonia heater (1) is sequentially passed through the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank (21) for gas-liquid separation and compression buffering, passed through the carbon dioxide booster compressor (22) for boosting and compression, passed through the carbon dioxide dryer (23) for drying and dehydration, and then liquefied in the liquefier (24).

6. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The liquid ammonia inlet end of the liquefier (24) serves as the liquid ammonia inlet pipeline of the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism (2), and is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline via a liquid ammonia booster pump (5). The carbon dioxide dryer (23) comprises a liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler (231), a first water-carbon dioxide cooler (232) and a dryer (233). The liquid ammonia inlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler (231) is connected to the liquid ammonia supply pipeline, and the liquid ammonia outlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler (231) is connected to the carbon dioxide dryer (233). The carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank (21) is connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separation buffer tank (21), the dryer (233) is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the first water-carbon dioxide cooler (232), the outlet end of the first water-carbon dioxide cooler (232) is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler (231), the carbon dioxide outlet end of the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler (231) is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet end of the liquefier (24), and the carbon dioxide outlet end of the liquefier (24) is connected to a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (25); After entering the dryer (233) for drying, the carbon dioxide sequentially enters the first water-carbon dioxide cooler (232) for primary cooling, enters the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler (231) for secondary cooling, and enters the liquefier (24) for liquefaction cooling. The liquid ammonia exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide when entering the liquefier (24) to liquefy and cool the carbon dioxide, and exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide when entering the liquid ammonia-carbon dioxide precooler (231) to cool the carbon dioxide at the secondary level.

7. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (25) comprises a tank body, a tank level gauge (251) connected to the tank body, and a discharge pipeline regulating valve group (252) connected to the tank level gauge (251) at one end, the other end of the discharge pipeline regulating valve group (252) being connected to a liquid carbon dioxide transfer tank truck, the tank level gauge (251) being used to measure the liquid level, and when the liquid level is too high, the liquid is discharged to the liquid carbon dioxide transfer tank truck through the discharge pipeline regulating valve group (252).

8. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (25) is connected to a gas-liquid separator (26), and the gas-liquid separator (26) is connected to a pressure control valve group (27) for controlling the pressure of the gas-liquid separator (26), thereby enabling the gas-liquid separator (26) to separate non-condensable vapor from carbon dioxide droplets.

9. The carbon dioxide preheating ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A second water-carbon dioxide cooler (221) is provided between the dryer (233) and the carbon dioxide booster compressor (22).

10. A monitoring method for a carbon dioxide-based ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system, using the carbon dioxide-based ammonia fuel combustion gas supply system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The monitoring method comprises: Identify the unit nodes included in the liquid ammonia heater, the carbon dioxide liquefaction mechanism, and the ammonia fuel burner; Acquire a pre-measurable parameter before entering the unit node and a post-measurable parameter after entering the unit node, and compare the pre-measurable parameter with the post-measurable parameter to generate a corresponding parameter difference; Obtaining the node type of the unit node, and determining the corresponding weight coefficient and the preset confidence interval according to the node type; Determine whether the weight product obtained by multiplying the weight coefficient and the parameter difference falls within the preset confidence interval; if so, determine the first-class risk level corresponding to the unit node according to the weight product; if not, obtain the degree difference between the weight product and the preset confidence interval, and determine the second-class risk level of the unit node according to the degree difference; Obtaining distribution characteristics of each of the second risk levels, and matching corresponding risk events according to the distribution characteristics; Determine the magnitude of the risk event, and perform a corresponding alarm action according to the magnitude.

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