A method and device for recycling waste lithium batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for recycling waste lithium batteries, and relates to the technical field of metal recycling. First, the collected waste lithium batteries are pre-processed, and when the metal on the positive electrode sheet is recycled, NMP solvent is first poured into the dissolution tank, and then the positive electrode sheet is inserted into the middle of two groups of clamps, and the clamps are pushed so that the slider can move in the chute, and then the positive electrode sheet can be limited by the two groups of clamps, and then the ultrasonic transducer is started so that the active material on the positive electrode sheet can fall off from the current collector aluminum foil. The present invention adopts different recycling and reuse processes according to the different waste battery materials, and uses NMP solvent to fall off the active material on the current collector aluminum foil, and the lithium and valuable metals obtained thereby are used to manufacture high-performance positive electrode materials, while ensuring reliability, and being able to process multiple waste lithium battery positive electrode sheets at the same time, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of valuable metals such as iron and lithium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal recycling, and in particular to a method and device for recycling waste lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage device, lithium batteries are widely used in electronic consumer products, new energy vehicles and other fields. However, a large number of waste lithium batteries contain a large number of valuable components, especially high-purity metals and metal oxides contained in the positive electrode materials. If they are discarded at will, it will cause a huge waste of resources and environmental pollution. In addition, the existing technology has a low recovery rate when recycling metals in the positive electrode materials of waste lithium batteries, and has certain defects.

[0003] The existing defects in recycling and reusing waste lithium batteries are:

[0004] 1. In the patent document CN107196007A, different ions are recovered in batches mainly by alkaline solution precipitation to increase the yield of each element and the purity of recovered Co, but the problem of low recovery rate of metals in the positive electrode materials of existing waste lithium batteries when they are recycled is not taken into account;

[0005] 2. In the patent document CN113151680B, the main consideration is how to separate and recycle lithium and other metals, obtain a high lithium recovery rate, and realize the comprehensive recycling and reuse of all valuable metal ions. It does not take into account the problem that the recovery rate of valuable metals in the existing waste lithium batteries is slow during recycling;

[0006] 3. In the patent document CN114798704B, the energy release efficiency is mainly improved to avoid the explosion of the battery during the later crushing work due to incomplete energy release. It does not take into account that the valuable metals remaining in the container cannot be recycled when the existing waste lithium batteries are recycled;

[0007] 4. In patent document CN117904453B, the main consideration is how to reduce the time and operation difficulty of the impurity removal process, and how to simplify the preparation process of lithium sulfate, which ultimately greatly improves the efficiency and quality of lithium extraction. However, it does not take into account the problem that existing waste lithium batteries do not have detection structures when they are recycled. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for recycling waste lithium batteries to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for recycling and reusing waste lithium batteries, including pretreatment, screening, separation of active materials and conductive current collector aluminum foil, metal recovery and regeneration of useful parts of waste batteries. The method for recycling and reusing waste lithium batteries is as follows:

[0010] S1. First, the collected waste lithium batteries are classified, and then the batteries are checked for appearance abnormalities according to the different types of batteries. If the battery is deformed, cracked or leaking, it is directly recycled, otherwise it is reused. Then, the waste lithium batteries are tested with battery testing equipment, and the collected waste lithium batteries are selected for secondary use or recycling according to the test results;

[0011] For the secondary use of waste lithium batteries, use the waste batteries in energy storage systems or mobile power supplies;

[0012] For the waste lithium batteries to be recycled and reused, the batteries are first pre-processed, including discharging, disassembling and crushing. After crushing, the pole pieces, shells and diaphragms are obtained, and different recycling operations are performed on the pole pieces, shells and diaphragms respectively. The pole pieces include positive pole pieces and negative pole pieces.

[0013] S2. When recycling the valuable metals on the positive electrode of the waste lithium battery, first pour NMP solvent into the dissolution tank, then insert the positive electrode into the middle of two sets of clamps, and push the clamps so that the slider can move in the slide groove, and then the positive electrode can be limited by the two sets of clamps, and then start the ultrasonic transducer to make the active material on the positive electrode fall off from the current collector aluminum foil, and recover the active material in the solvent to obtain active material powder;

[0014] S3, heat-treating the active material powder recovered in S2 at 250° C., ball-milling, drying, and calcining to obtain a regenerated lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material;

[0015] S4. Then, the physical properties of the positive electrode material regenerated in S3 are tested.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, the test contents include battery capacity detection, internal resistance detection, safety performance test and risk assessment;

[0017] When the used lithium batteries are discharged, the electrolyte is recovered through supercritical extraction technology and reused in lithium-ion batteries.

[0018] Preferably, in S1, it further includes:

[0019] S11. The negative electrode sheet uses physical, chemical or direct recovery methods to recover graphite;

[0020] S12. When recycling the shell, first detect whether the shell is made of metal or plastic. When it is detected that the shell is made of metal, separate the metal components by crushing and magnetic separation, and recover the metal by smelting. When it is detected that the shell is made of plastic, recycle it after classification and cleaning.

[0021] S13. When recycling the diaphragm, the material is decomposed by chemical or biological methods, and then the useful components in the diaphragm are recovered.

[0022] Preferably, in S2, after the active material on the positive electrode sheet is removed from the current collector aluminum foil, the electric push rod is started to drive the connecting rod to move downward so that the storage frame can be placed on the surface of the splint. The connecting rod then moves downward to drive the cleaning brush to clean the surface of the splint, and an infrared visual detection device is installed to detect the reflection, absorption and scattering characteristics of the infrared light. Then, the cleanliness of the dissolution tank can be obtained through the infrared visual detection device.

[0023] Preferably, in S2, it also includes: active material recovery by acid leaching to recover the active material, the acid leaching includes using a biomass straw sulfuric acid system or sulfuric acid to achieve leaching of iron and lithium in the active material, wherein the concentration of sulfuric acid is 2.5 mol / L -1 , temperature 60℃, leaching time 4 hours.

[0024] Preferably, it includes a dissolution tank and an active substance stripping component, the active substance stripping component is installed inside the dissolution tank, and the active substance stripping component is used to accelerate the rate at which the active substance falls off the current collector aluminum foil, the front wall and the rear wall of the dissolution tank are both provided with slide grooves, sliders are installed inside the two groups of slide grooves, rubber blocks are installed on the surfaces of the two groups of sliders close to each other, splints are installed on the surfaces of the two groups of rubber blocks close to each other, and a storage groove is provided on the top of the splint, the active substance stripping component includes a storage plate embedded in the storage groove, and the storage plate is in a T-shaped structure, ultrasonic transducers are embedded in the outer walls on both sides of the storage plate, and the surfaces of the ultrasonic transducers away from each other are respectively in contact with the inner walls on both sides of the storage groove.

[0025] Preferably, the top of the dissolving pool is equipped with symmetrically arranged connecting baffles, the surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles close to each other are provided with movable grooves, telescopic moving blocks are slidably installed inside the two groups of movable grooves, the surfaces of the two groups of telescopic moving blocks close to each other are equipped with elastic telescopic blocks, the surfaces of the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks away from each other are respectively fitted with the surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles close to each other, the surfaces of the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks close to each other are equipped with connecting blocks arranged front and back, the surfaces of the two groups of connecting blocks and the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks close to each other are equipped with elastic shielding cloth, the bottoms of the two groups of connecting blocks are embedded with uniformly arranged magnets one, the top of the dissolving pool is embedded with an iron block one arranged front and back, the top of the iron block one is fitted with the bottom of the magnet one, and pull rings are installed on the front side of the front connecting block and the back side of the rear connecting block.

[0026] Preferably, connecting rods arranged front and back are installed on the surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles that are close to each other, and the connecting rods are located below the elastic shielding cloth. Connecting sleeves are sleeved on the outer surfaces of the two groups of connecting rods, and an infrared visual detection device is installed on the bottom of the connecting sleeves. The infrared visual detection device is used to detect whether there is any residue on the bottom wall of the dissolution tank.

[0027] Preferably, a storage hole is provided through the top of the dissolution tank, and the storage hole is located on the inner side of the connecting baffle, an electric push rod is installed on the bottom wall of the storage hole, and a connecting rod is installed on the output end of the electric push rod through the inside of the storage hole, a support plate is installed on the outer surface of the connecting rod, and the support plate is in an L-shaped structure, a storage frame is installed on the bottom of the support plate, and the storage frame is located above the clamping plate, a cleaning component is installed on the inner surface of the storage frame, and the cleaning component is used to clean the surface of the clamping plate.

[0028] Preferably, the cleaning component includes two iron blocks embedded in the front and rear walls of the storage frame, and a jacket is placed on the surfaces of the two groups of iron blocks that are close to each other. Two magnets are embedded in the front and back of the jacket, and the front of the front magnet two and the back of the rear magnet two are respectively in contact with the surfaces of the two groups of iron blocks that are close to each other. A cleaning brush is installed on the inner surface of the jacket, and a brush is installed on the outer surface of the storage frame, and the brush is used to clean the inner wall of the dissolution tank.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention adopts different recycling and reuse processes according to different waste battery materials, and uses NMP solvent combined with active material stripping components to remove the active material on the current collector aluminum foil. The separation efficiency of the active material on the positive electrode sheet reaches 99%, and multiple waste lithium battery positive electrode sheets can be processed at the same time, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of valuable metals such as iron and lithium.

[0031] 2. When the active material is separated from the current collector aluminum foil, the present invention limits the positive electrode sheet by a clamp and uses an ultrasonic transducer to accelerate the shedding speed, thereby reducing the probability of a low rate of active material shedding from the current collector aluminum foil due to the use of a single organic solvent to soak the positive electrode sheet, thereby avoiding the situation in which the recovery efficiency is reduced due to incomplete shedding of the active material.

[0032] 3. The present invention arranges a detachable cleaning component to clean the dissolution tank and the different numbers of plywood used, thereby reducing the probability of active substances and organic solvents remaining, and sends the cleaned sewage into the wastewater treatment system through a drainage pipe for purification, and recycles the valuable metals remaining in the sewage for secondary reuse, which can reduce pollution to the environment to a certain extent.

[0033] 4. When cleaning the dissolution tank, the present invention determines whether there is any residue at the bottom of the dissolution tank by detecting the reflection, absorption and scattering characteristics of infrared light, and determines whether it needs to be cleaned again based on the detection results, thereby improving the cleaning effect and reducing the impact on the environment and the next recycling and processing of the positive electrode material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the dissolution tank of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the dissolution tank and the storage frame of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the planar assembly structure of the clamping plate and the storage plate of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the planar assembly structure of the electric push rod and the storage frame of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the storage frame and the jacket of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the connecting baffle and the elastic shielding cloth of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the planar assembly structure of the connection block and the infrared vision detection device of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1. dissolving tank; 2. slide; 3. slider; 4. rubber block; 5. splint; 6. storage slot; 7. storage plate; 8. ultrasonic transducer; 9. connecting baffle; 10. moving slot; 11. elastic telescopic block; 12. elastic shielding cloth; 13. connecting block; 14. iron block one; 15. connecting rod; 16. infrared visual detection equipment; 17. storage hole; 18. electric push rod; 19. connecting rod; 20. support plate; 21. storage frame; 22. iron block two; 23. magnet two; 24. jacket; 25. cleaning brush. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "two ends", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment: a method for recycling and reusing waste lithium batteries, including pretreatment, screening, separation of active materials and conductive current collector aluminum foil, metal recovery and regeneration of useful parts of waste batteries. The method for recycling and reusing waste lithium batteries is as follows:

[0047] S1. First, the collected waste lithium batteries are classified, and then the batteries are checked for appearance abnormalities according to the different types of batteries. If the battery is deformed, cracked or leaking, it is directly recycled, otherwise it is reused. Then, the waste lithium batteries are tested with battery testing equipment, and the collected waste lithium batteries are selected for secondary use or recycling according to the test results;

[0048] For the secondary use of waste lithium batteries, use the waste batteries in energy storage systems or mobile power supplies;

[0049] For the waste lithium batteries to be recycled and reused, the batteries are first pre-processed, including discharging, disassembling and crushing. After crushing, the pole pieces, shells and diaphragms are obtained, and different recycling operations are performed on the pole pieces, shells and diaphragms respectively. The pole pieces include positive pole pieces and negative pole pieces.

[0050] S2. When recycling the valuable metals on the positive electrode sheet of the waste lithium battery, first pour NMP solvent into the dissolution tank 1, then insert the positive electrode sheet into the middle of the two sets of clamps 5, and push the clamps 5 so that the slider 3 can move in the slide 2, and then the positive electrode sheet can be limited by the two sets of clamps 5, and then the ultrasonic transducer 8 is started to make the active material on the positive electrode sheet fall off from the current collector aluminum foil, and the active material in the solvent is recovered to obtain active material powder;

[0051] S3, heat-treating the active material powder recovered in S2 at 250° C., ball-milling, drying, and calcining to obtain a regenerated lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material;

[0052] S4. Then, the physical properties of the positive electrode material regenerated in S3 are tested.

[0053] In S1, the test contents include battery capacity detection, internal resistance detection, safety performance test and risk assessment;

[0054] When the used lithium batteries are discharged, the electrolyte is recovered through supercritical extraction technology and reused in lithium-ion batteries.

[0055] In S1, it also includes:

[0056] S11. The negative electrode sheet uses physical, chemical or direct recovery methods to recover graphite;

[0057] S12. When recycling the shell, first detect whether the shell is made of metal or plastic. When it is detected that the shell is made of metal, separate the metal components by crushing and magnetic separation, and recover the metal by smelting. When it is detected that the shell is made of plastic, recycle it after classification and cleaning.

[0058] S13. When recycling the diaphragm, the material is decomposed by chemical or biological methods, and then the useful components in the diaphragm are recovered.

[0059] In S2, after the active material on the positive electrode sheet is removed from the current collector aluminum foil, the electric push rod 18 is started to drive the connecting rod 19 to move downward so that the storage frame 21 can be sleeved on the surface of the splint 5. Then, the cleaning brush 25 is driven by the downward movement of the connecting rod 19 to clean the surface of the splint 5, and the reflection, absorption and scattering characteristics of the infrared light are detected by the arranged infrared visual detection device 16. Then, the cleanliness of the dissolution tank 1 can be obtained through the infrared visual detection device 16.

[0060] In S2, it also includes: active material recovery by acid leaching to recover the active material, the acid leaching includes using a biomass straw sulfuric acid system or sulfuric acid to achieve the leaching of iron and lithium in the active material, wherein the concentration of sulfuric acid is 2.5 mol / L -1 , temperature 60℃, leaching time 4 hours, leaching rate 98%.

[0061] Furthermore, the waste batteries are first classified, and then the batteries are checked for appearance abnormalities according to their types. When the battery shape is deformed, cracked or leaked, it is directly recycled, otherwise it is reused. Then the waste lithium batteries are tested using battery testing equipment, where safety performance tests include short circuit, overcharge and over-discharge safety performance tests to ensure the safety of the battery under extreme conditions. Risk assessment includes assessing the possible risks of the battery during use, such as fire and explosion. Waste lithium batteries of different types and performances are recycled and reused according to different recycling methods. If the battery capacity drops to a certain level and cannot meet the use requirements of the original vehicle or other equipment, or if it is detected that the internal resistance of the battery increases or the safety performance is low and there is a safety hazard, consider recycling and reuse. If the waste lithium battery performs well in the performance evaluation, and has high safety and low risk, the waste battery can be used in non-mobile devices such as energy storage systems or mobile power supplies.

[0062] When recycling and reusing waste lithium batteries, the waste lithium batteries are first discharged, and the electrolyte is separated and recovered by supercritical extraction technology during the discharge process. Then, after the discharge is completed, the waste lithium batteries are disassembled and crushed according to the use needs, so that the shell of the waste lithium battery can be separated from the battery material. Then, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, the diaphragm and the shell can be recycled and reused in different operations respectively, thereby improving the recycling efficiency. The specific capacity of the lithium iron phosphate material recycled and regenerated by this method reaches 154.6 mAh / g, and the charge and discharge efficiency can reach 97.2%. After 30 cycles, the specific capacity is 125.4 mAh / g, the charge and discharge efficiency is 92%, and the separation efficiency of the active material on the positive electrode sheet reaches 99%;

[0063] When recycling negative electrode sheet materials, physical methods include mechanical crushing and screening to separate graphite, chemical methods use chemical solvents to extract graphite, and direct recovery methods use hydrothermal lithiation to replenish lithium or combine heat treatment to restore the crystal structure of the material. The recycled positive and negative electrode materials are then regenerated and reprocessed into new lithium battery materials to achieve resource recycling.

[0064] Specific capacity (mAh / g) Charge and discharge efficiency (%) After regeneration 154.6 97.2 After 30 cycles 125.4 92

[0065] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 An embodiment of the present invention is a waste lithium battery recycling and reuse device, wherein an active material stripping component is installed inside a dissolving tank 1, and the active material stripping component is used to accelerate the rate at which the active material falls off the current collector aluminum foil, the front wall and the rear wall of the dissolving tank 1 are both provided with slide grooves 2, sliders 3 are installed inside the two groups of slide grooves 2, rubber blocks 4 are installed on the surfaces of the two groups of sliders 3 close to each other, clamps 5 are installed on the surfaces of the two groups of rubber blocks 4 close to each other, and a storage groove 6 is provided on the top of the clamps 5, the active material stripping component includes a storage plate 7 embedded in the storage groove 6, and the storage plate 7 is a T-shaped structure, ultrasonic transducers 8 are embedded in the outer walls of both sides of the storage plate 7, and the surfaces of the ultrasonic transducers 8 that are far away from each other are respectively in contact with the inner walls of the storage groove 6 on both sides.

[0066] Furthermore, when recovering the active material on the positive electrode sheet, firstly, the splint 5 is inserted into the dissolution tank 1 according to the number of positive electrode sheets. At this time, the slider 3 will move downward along the inner wall of the dissolution tank 1 under the action of the rubber block 4, and after the splint 5 is inserted into the interior of the dissolution tank 1, the slider 3 will be stuck in the slide groove 2, and the rubber block 4 will no longer bend. Then, NMP solvent is poured into the dissolution tank 1, and then the positive electrode sheet is inserted into the middle of the two groups of splints 5, and the splint 5 is pushed so that the two groups of splints 5 can limit the positive electrode sheet, so that the positive electrode sheet can be immersed in the NMP solvent, and the ultrasonic transducer 8 on the storage plate 7 is turned on, so as to improve the efficiency and rate of the active material shedding, and the active material on the collector aluminum foil is shed by the NMP solvent, and the collector aluminum foil is taken out after the shedding is completed, and the collector aluminum foil is recycled, and then the solvent and the shed active material in the dissolution tank 1 are collected through the drain pipe and solenoid valve arranged on one side of the dissolution tank 1.

[0067] See also Figure 3 and Figure 7, an embodiment of the present invention is: a waste lithium battery recycling and reuse device, the top of the dissolving tank 1 is equipped with symmetrically arranged connecting baffles 9, the surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles 9 close to each other are provided with moving grooves 10, the insides of the two groups of moving grooves 10 are slidably installed with telescopic moving blocks, the surfaces of the two groups of telescopic moving blocks close to each other are equipped with elastic telescopic blocks 11, the surfaces of the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks 11 away from each other are respectively fitted with the surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles 9 close to each other, the surfaces of the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks 11 close to each other are equipped with front-to-back arranged connecting blocks 13, the surfaces of the two groups of connecting blocks 13 and the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks 11 close to each other are equipped with elastic shielding cloths 12, the bottoms of the two groups of connecting blocks 13 are embedded with uniformly arranged magnets one, the top of the dissolving tank 1 is embedded with a front-to-back arranged iron block one 14, the top of the iron block one 14 is fitted with the bottom of the magnet one, and the front side of the front connecting block 13 and the back side of the rear connecting block 13 are both equipped with pull rings.

[0068] Furthermore, when in use, the pull ring on any side connecting block 13 can be pulled upwards, and then the telescopic moving block can be pushed to move and contract in the moving groove 10, and then the elastic telescopic block 11 can be driven to contract, so that the elastic shielding cloth 12 no longer blocks the dissolution tank 1; conversely, when the pull ring is pulled downwards, the elastic shielding cloth 12 can be stretched by the elastic telescopic block 11, so that the connecting baffle 9 can cooperate with the elastic shielding cloth 12 to block the dissolution tank 1; and when blocking, an exhaust purification component can be added and arranged according to the needs of dissolution, so as to extract and purify the waste gas or harmful gas generated during the dissolution process.

[0069] See also Figure 8 An embodiment of the present invention is: a waste lithium battery recycling and reuse device, wherein two sets of connecting baffles 9 are installed with front-to-rear connecting rods 15 on surfaces close to each other, and the connecting rods 15 are located below the elastic shielding cloth 12, and the outer surfaces of the two sets of connecting rods 15 are sleeved with connecting sleeves, and an infrared visual detection device 16 is installed at the bottom of the connecting sleeve, and the infrared visual detection device 16 is used to detect whether there is any residue on the bottom wall of the dissolution tank 1.

[0070] Furthermore, when the dissolving tank 1 needs to be cleaned, the infrared visual detection device 16 arranged on the surface of the connecting rod 15 is used to detect whether there is any residue at the bottom of the dissolving tank 1, so as to judge whether the dissolving tank 1 needs to be cleaned again according to the detection situation.

[0071] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6The present invention provides an embodiment: a waste lithium battery recycling and reuse device, wherein a storage hole 17 is provided through the top of the dissolution tank 1, and the storage hole 17 is located on the inner side of the connecting baffle 9, an electric push rod 18 is installed on the bottom wall of the storage hole 17, and an output end of the electric push rod 18 passes through the inside of the storage hole 17 and a connecting rod 19 is installed, and a support plate 20 is installed on the outer surface of the connecting rod 19, and the support plate 20 is in an L-shaped structure, and a storage frame 21 is installed on the bottom of the support plate 20, and the storage frame 21 is located above the clamping plate 5, and the inner surface of the storage frame 21 is installed A cleaning component is installed, and the cleaning component is used to clean the surface of the splint 5. The cleaning component includes two iron blocks 22 embedded in the front wall and the rear wall of the storage frame 21. The surfaces of the two groups of iron blocks 22 close to each other are fitted with a jacket 24. The front and back sides of the jacket 24 are both embedded with two magnets 23, and the front side of the front magnet 23 and the back side of the rear magnet 23 are respectively fitted with the surfaces of the two groups of iron blocks 22 close to each other. A cleaning brush 25 is installed on the inner surface of the jacket 24, and a brush is installed on the outer surface of the storage frame 21, and the brush is used to clean the inner wall of the dissolution tank 1.

[0072] Furthermore, when the dissolution tank 1 needs to be cleaned, first, a cleaning agent or clean water is poured into the dissolution tank 1, and then the same number of jackets 24 are selected according to the number of splints 5 arranged in the dissolution tank 1, and the jackets 24 are fixed inside the storage frame 21 by the attraction of the iron block 22 and the magnet 23, and then the electric push rod 18 is started to drive the connecting rod 19 to move downward, so that the support plate 20 can drive the storage frame 21 to move downward along the dissolution tank 1, so that the jacket 24 can cover the splint 5, and then as the storage frame 21 moves downward, the cleaning brush 25 and the brush can be used to clean the surface of the splint 5 and the inner wall of the dissolution tank 1 respectively, and the cleaned water is discharged into the wastewater treatment system through the drain pipe for treatment, and when the infrared visual detection device 16 detects that there is still residue at the bottom of the dissolution tank 1, continue cleaning, and use a long-handled brush head to clean the bottom of the dissolution tank 1, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency.

[0073] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A method for recycling and reusing waste lithium batteries, characterized in that: Including pretreatment, screening, separation of active materials and conductive current collector aluminum foil, metal recovery and regeneration of useful parts of waste batteries, the recycling and reuse methods of waste lithium batteries are as follows: S1. First, the collected waste lithium batteries are classified, and then the batteries are checked for appearance abnormalities according to the different types of batteries. If the battery is deformed, cracked or leaking, it is directly recycled, otherwise it is reused. Then, the waste lithium batteries are tested with battery testing equipment, and the collected waste lithium batteries are selected for secondary use or recycling according to the test results; For the secondary use of waste lithium batteries, use the waste batteries in energy storage systems or mobile power supplies; For the waste lithium batteries to be recycled and reused, the batteries are first pre-processed, including discharging, disassembling and crushing. After crushing, the pole pieces, shells and diaphragms are obtained, and different recycling operations are performed on the pole pieces, shells and diaphragms respectively. The pole pieces include positive pole pieces and negative pole pieces. S2. When the valuable metals on the positive electrode sheet of the waste lithium battery are recovered and reused, NMP solvent is first poured into the dissolution tank (1), and then the positive electrode sheet is inserted between the two sets of clamping plates (5), and the clamping plates (5) are pushed so that the slider (3) can move in the slide groove (2), and then the positive electrode sheet can be limited by the two sets of clamping plates (5), and then the ultrasonic transducer (8) is started to make the active material on the positive electrode sheet fall off from the current collector aluminum foil, and the active material in the solvent is recovered to obtain active material powder; S3, heat-treating the active material powder recovered in S2 at 250° C., ball-milling, drying, and calcining to obtain a regenerated lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material; S4, then performing a physical property test on the positive electrode material regenerated in S3; In S2, after the active material on the positive electrode sheet is detached from the current collector aluminum foil, the electric push rod (18) is started to drive the connecting rod (19) to move downward, so that the storage frame (21) can be sleeved on the surface of the clamping plate (5), and then the cleaning brush (25) is driven by the downward movement of the connecting rod (19) to clean the surface of the clamping plate (5), and the reflection, absorption and scattering characteristics of the infrared light are detected by the arranged infrared visual detection device (16), and then the cleanliness level in the dissolution tank (1) can be obtained by the infrared visual detection device (16); In S2, it also includes: active material recovery by acid leaching to recover the active material, the acid leaching includes using a biomass straw sulfuric acid system or sulfuric acid to achieve the leaching of iron and lithium in the active material, wherein the concentration of sulfuric acid is 2.5 mol / L -1 , temperature 60℃, leaching time 4 hours.

2. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the test contents include battery capacity detection, internal resistance detection, safety performance test and risk assessment; When the used lithium batteries are discharged, the electrolyte is recovered through supercritical extraction technology and reused in lithium-ion batteries.

3. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, it also includes: S11. The negative electrode sheet uses physical, chemical or direct recovery methods to recover graphite; S12. When recycling the shell, first detect whether the shell is made of metal or plastic. When it is detected that the shell is made of metal, separate the metal components by crushing and magnetic separation, and recover the metal by smelting. When it is detected that the shell is made of plastic, recycle it after classification and cleaning. S13. When recycling the diaphragm, the material is decomposed by chemical or biological methods, and then the useful components in the diaphragm are recovered.

4. A waste lithium battery recycling device, applicable to a waste lithium battery recycling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dissolution tank (1) and an active material stripping component, wherein the dissolution tank (1) is provided with an active material stripping component, and the active material stripping component is used to accelerate the rate at which the active material falls off the current collector aluminum foil, the front wall and the rear wall of the dissolution tank (1) are both provided with slide grooves (2), the two groups of slide grooves (2) are provided with sliders (3), the surfaces of the two groups of sliders (3) close to each other are both provided with rubber blocks (4), the surfaces of the two groups of rubber blocks (4) close to each other are provided with clamping plates (5), the top of the clamping plates (5) is provided with a storage groove (6), the active material stripping component comprises a storage plate (7) embedded in the storage groove (6), and the storage plate (7) is in a T-shaped structure, and ultrasonic transducers (8) are embedded in the outer walls on both sides of the storage plate (7), and the surfaces of the ultrasonic transducers (8) away from each other are respectively in contact with the inner walls on both sides of the storage groove (6).

5. The waste lithium battery recycling device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The top of the dissolving tank (1) is provided with symmetrically arranged connecting baffles (9), surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles (9) close to each other are provided with moving grooves (10), telescopic moving blocks are slidably installed inside the two groups of moving grooves (10), surfaces of the two groups of telescopic moving blocks close to each other are provided with elastic telescopic blocks (11), surfaces of the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks (11) away from each other are respectively fitted with surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles (9) close to each other, surfaces of the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks (11) close to each other are provided with connecting blocks (13) arranged front and back, surfaces of the two groups of connecting blocks (13) and the two groups of elastic telescopic blocks (11) close to each other are provided with elastic shielding cloths (12), the bottoms of the two groups of connecting blocks (13) are embedded with uniformly arranged magnets one, the top of the dissolving tank (1) is embedded with iron blocks one (14) arranged front and back, the top of the iron blocks one (14) is fitted with the bottom of the magnet one, and the front side of the front connecting block (13) and the back side of the rear connecting block (13) are both provided with pull rings.

6. The waste lithium battery recycling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Connecting rods (15) arranged front and rear are installed on surfaces of the two groups of connecting baffles (9) close to each other, and the connecting rods (15) are located below the elastic shielding cloth (12). Connecting sleeves are sleeved on the outer surfaces of the two groups of connecting rods (15), and an infrared visual detection device (16) is installed on the bottom of the connecting sleeves. The infrared visual detection device (16) is used to detect whether there is any residue on the bottom wall of the dissolution tank (1).

7. The waste lithium battery recycling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the dissolving tank (1) is provided with a storage hole (17) extending through it, and the storage hole (17) is located on the inner side of the connecting baffle (9); an electric push rod (18) is installed on the bottom wall of the storage hole (17); an output end of the electric push rod (18) passes through the interior of the storage hole (17) and is provided with a connecting rod (19); a support plate (20) is installed on the outer surface of the connecting rod (19), and the support plate (20) is in an L-shaped structure; a storage frame (21) is installed on the bottom of the support plate (20), and the storage frame (21) is located above the clamping plate (5); a cleaning component is installed on the inner surface of the storage frame (21), and the cleaning component is used to clean the surface of the clamping plate (5).

8. The waste lithium battery recycling device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The cleaning component comprises two iron blocks (22) embedded in the front wall and the rear wall of the storage frame (21); a jacket (24) is placed on the surfaces of the two groups of iron blocks (22) close to each other; two magnets (23) are embedded in the front and back of the jacket (24); the front of the front magnet (23) and the back of the rear magnet (23) are respectively in contact with the surfaces of the two groups of iron blocks (22) close to each other; a cleaning brush (25) is installed on the inner surface of the jacket (24); and a brush is installed on the outer surface of the storage frame (21); and the brush is used to clean the inner wall of the dissolution tank (1).

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