A new type of high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway structure for ultra-precision grinding machines

Abstract

The present invention provides a novel structure of a high-precision closed static pressure guide rail for an ultra-precision grinder, comprising a guide rail base, wherein strip-shaped downward pressure guide rails are symmetrically fixed on both sides of an inner cavity of the guide rail base, a movable slide is slidably arranged above the guide rail base, a pull-down bracket is fixed at the bottom of the movable slide, and a sliding gap is formed between the pull-down bracket and the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail; by cleverly arranging the guide rail base, the movable slide, the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail and the pull-down bracket, during operation, hydraulic buoyancy in four directions of left, right, up and down is provided for the movable slide through the input of pressure oil and the cooperation of various components, so that the movable slide can stably slide on the V-shaped track surface of the guide rail base, the overall structure of the guide rail is simple, and the degree of integration is high, even if the pressure oil delivery pipeline is blocked, the natural cooperation of the V-shaped slide rail and the V-shaped track groove under the action of gravity can still enable the movable slide to work normally, thereby providing reliable guarantee for the use of the equipment and enhancing the stability of the equipment during operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-precision grinder guide rails, in particular to a new type of high-precision closed static pressure guide rail structure for ultra-precision grinders. Background Art

[0002] The working principle of hydrostatic guide is the same as that of hydrostatic bearing. The lubricating oil with a certain pressure is input into the oil cavity on the guide surface through the throttle to form a load-bearing oil film, so that the guide surfaces are in a pure liquid friction state. Hydrostatic guide is a guide form with almost zero friction (friction coefficient is less than 0.5 ten thousandths). It is the most precise and superior in performance among all guide types (including various sliding guides and rolling guides).

[0003] Chinese utility model patent CN201763815U discloses a drift-free high-precision open hydrostatic guide rail, including a floating guide rail and a supporting guide rail, the floating guide rail is placed on the supporting guide rail, a hydrostatic oil chamber and a negative pressure chamber are provided on the contact surface between the floating guide rail and the supporting guide rail, the oil supply system is connected to the hydrostatic oil chamber through a throttle, the negative pressure chamber is connected to a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected to the oil supply system through an oil-gas separation device, and an oil return groove connected to the oil supply system is provided between the floating guide rail and the supporting guide rail. The utility model is simple and feasible, improves the stiffness of the oil film, and can adjust the thickness of the oil film through a vacuum pump, and can be widely used in open hydrostatic guide rails of various structural types, especially small and medium-sized low-load precision and ultra-precision machine tool guide rails that were previously severely restricted by the "drift" problem, such as precision roller grinders, precision planers, etc.

[0004] Existing closed hydrostatic guide rails mostly adopt a rectangular structure and are generally assembled by multiple guide rail components. A large number of screws and positioning pins are used. The process is cumbersome and complicated, and the cost is high. In addition, when using the existing closed hydrostatic guide rails, they are very sensitive to the cleanliness of the entire pipeline and oil. The commonly used throttles are capillary or small hole structures. Once the throttle is blocked due to pollution or oil stains, it cannot work normally. Not only does the guide rail lose its accuracy, but the guide rail will also experience boundary friction wear under gravity and load, which will soon lead to wear failure or loss of accuracy of the guide rail, resulting in the equipment being unable to be used and operated stably, causing shutdowns and production stoppages, and serious losses.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new structure of a high-precision closed hydrostatic guide rail that can solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, be simple and reliable in structure, and be used for ultra-precision grinding machines. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of high-precision closed hydrostatic guide rail structure for ultra-precision grinding machines to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a new type of high-precision closed static pressure guide rail structure for an ultra-precision grinding machine, comprising a guide rail base (1), the lower surface of the guide rail base (1) is fixedly connected to the equipment body by bolts, two parallel and symmetrically arranged V-shaped guide rail grooves (11) are provided above the guide rail base (1), two strip-shaped downward pressure guide rails (2) are fixed on the inner side of the V-shaped guide rail grooves (11), and the two strip-shaped downward pressure guide rails (2) have the same structural features and are symmetrically arranged, a movable slide (3) is slidably provided on the V-shaped guide rail grooves (11), a pull-down bracket (4) is fixed at the bottom of the movable slide (3), and a sliding clearance is formed between the pull-down bracket (4) and the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail (2).

[0009] Preferably, an oil return groove (12) is provided in the guide rail base (1) and is connected to an oil return oil passage (13).

[0010] Preferably, oil return blocks (55) are provided at both ends of the V-shaped guide rail groove (11), and the oil return blocks (55) are connected to the oil return groove (12) through an oil return hole (56).

[0011] Preferably, two V-shaped guide rails (31) are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the movable slide (3), and a pressure oil groove (35) is arranged on the guide surface of each V-shaped guide rail (31). The two V-shaped guide rails (31) correspond to the two V-shaped guide rail grooves (11) in position and form a sliding fit with each other. The pull-down bracket (4) is fixed between the two V-shaped guide rails (31) by a fixing bolt (32). The pressure oil groove (35) of the V-shaped guide rail (31) of the movable slide naturally floats under the action of the pressure guide rail oil, and forms a uniform gap of about 0.02 to 0.05 (hereinafter referred to as gap 1) between the V-shaped guide rail groove (11) of the guide rail base. For the purpose of clarification, the floating pressure is named F1. (The size of F1 depends on multiple factors.)

[0012] Preferably, L-shaped pressure plates (41) are provided on both sides of the pull-down bracket (4), and a pressure oil chamber (45) is provided on the L-shaped pressure plate (41), and there is a sliding gap between the pressure plate (41) and the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail (2). After the gap (hereinafter referred to as gap II) is filled with pressure oil, a downward hydraulic pulling force is applied to the movable slide through the screw 32. The pulling force is superimposed on the gravity of the slide and the load to form a resultant force F2, and the force F2 forms a pair of action and reaction forces with the above-mentioned hydraulic buoyancy F1, maintaining a natural balance and forming the effect of a closed static pressure guide rail.

[0013] Preferably, when oil stains or dirt block part or most of the throttle, causing the oil pressure input to the guide surface to drop, F1 decreases, and at this time, under the action of gravity load, the gap I between the two V-shaped slide rails (31) of the mobile slide and the V-shaped guide rail groove (11) on the guide rail base will decrease (even to zero), and the gap II below will become larger. The enlarged gap causes the oil pressure in the oil chamber (45) to drop sharply, and the reduced F2 and F1 form a new mechanical equilibrium state. However, due to the structural characteristics of the V-shaped guide rail, the mobile slide can still maintain normal operation, and the guiding accuracy remains almost unchanged. Although the sliding friction resistance of the slide will increase as a result, it will not have a substantial impact on the operation of the equipment as long as the driving motor power is sufficient.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:

[0015] The present invention provides a novel structure of a high-precision closed static pressure guide rail for an ultra-precision grinding machine, comprising a guide rail base, strip-shaped downward pressure guide rails are symmetrically fixed on both sides of an inner cavity of the guide rail base, a movable slide is slidably provided above the guide rail base, a pull-down bracket is fixed at the bottom of the movable slide, and a sliding gap is formed between the pull-down bracket and the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail; by cleverly arranging the guide rail base, the movable slide, the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail and the pull-down bracket, during operation, hydraulic buoyancy in four directions of left, right, up and down is provided for the movable slide through the input of pressure oil and the cooperation of various components, so that the movable slide can stably slide on the V-shaped track surface of the guide rail base, the overall structure of the guide rail is simple, and the degree of integration is high, even if the pressure oil delivery pipeline is blocked, the natural cooperation of the V-shaped slide rail and the V-shaped track groove under the action of gravity can still enable the movable slide to work normally, thereby providing reliable guarantee for the use of the equipment, ensuring the trouble-free operation of the equipment, and reducing the loss of shutdown of the production line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a new structure assembly of a high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 An exploded diagram of a novel structure of a high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the structure of a guide rail base and a strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail in a new type of high-precision closed static pressure guide rail structure for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an oil return stopper in a novel structure of a high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the movable slide part in a new type of high-precision closed hydrostatic guide rail structure for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pressure oil tank portion of a movable slide in a novel high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway structure for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pull-down bracket and a lead screw nut bracket in a novel structure of a high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the flow direction of pressure oil in a new structure of a high-precision closed hydrostatic guide rail for an ultra-precision grinder provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of high-precision closed hydrostatic guide rail structure for ultra-precision grinding machines to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] This embodiment provides a new type of high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway structure for ultra-precision grinding machines, such as Figure 1 and 2As shown, it includes a guide rail base 1, and strip-shaped downward-pressing guide rails 2 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the guide rail base 1 by fixing bolts. A movable slide 3 is slidably provided above the guide rail base 1, and a pull-down bracket 4 is fixed to the bottom of the movable slide 3. There is a pressure oil film of 0.02-0.05mm between the pull-down bracket 4 and the strip-shaped downward-pressing guide rail 2, thereby forming a sliding clearance fit.

[0030] In the above technical scheme, the guide rail base 1 is the main structural supporting component, and the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail 2 fixedly connected to it is used to provide downward pressure to the pull-down bracket 4. The movable slide 3 is used to support the installation of the grinding head or other functional components, and the pull-down bracket 4 fixed to it provides a downward pulling force to the movable slide 3, thereby ensuring that the movable slide 3 can overcome the overturning moment and realize stable sliding under hydraulic suspension.

[0031] As an implementation method, Figure 3 As shown, the upper surface of the guide rail base 1 is provided with two parallel V-shaped guide rail grooves 11, the two V-shaped guide rail grooves 11 are symmetrically arranged, the movable slide 3 is slidably arranged in the V-shaped guide rail grooves 11, and the guide rail base 1 is provided with an oil return groove 12 connected to the oil return oil circuit 13.

[0032] As an implementation method, Figure 4 As shown, oil return blocks 55 are provided at both ends of the V-shaped guide rail groove 11. The oil return blocks 55 are installed by screws. Part of the oil overflowing from the V-shaped guide rail groove 11 of the guide rail base 1 is collected by the oil return blocks 55, and returns to the inner cavity of the guide rail base 1 through the oil return hole 56 under the action of gravity, and enters the oil return groove 12, and returns to the pressure oil pump station through the oil return pipeline 13, and is recycled after being processed.

[0033] Furthermore, if Figure 5 and 6 As shown, two V-shaped slide rails 31 are symmetrically provided at the bottom of the movable slide 3 in parallel, and a pressure oil groove 35 is provided on the side of each V-shaped slide rail 31. The two V-shaped slide rails 31 correspond in position and shape to the two V-shaped guide rail grooves 11 to form a sliding fit. The pull-down bracket 4 is fixed between the two V-shaped slide rails 31 by fixing bolts 32, and the direction of the guide rail is parallel to the above-mentioned V-shaped slide rails.

[0034] During normal operation, there is also a 0.02-0.05mm pressure oil film between the V-shaped slide rail 31 and the V-shaped guide rail groove 11, so that all the guide rails are completely in a hydraulic suspension state, so the friction is almost zero, and even if the oil circuit in the up and down directions is blocked so that there is no pressure oil film between the V-shaped slide rail 31 and the V-shaped guide rail groove 11, due to the existence of gravity, the guide rail of the mobile slide will fit tightly with the V-shaped guide rail groove 11 of the guide rail base, and rely on its own matching accuracy to continue to maintain the normal operation of the equipment, providing reliable guarantee for the use of the equipment and enhancing the stability of the equipment operation; at the same time, the over-positioning matching of the two symmetrically arranged groups of V-shaped slide rails 31 and V-shaped guide rail grooves 11 makes this type of guide rail more rigid, and because the friction of the two guide rails is the same, the guiding of the mobile slide is more precise, which is particularly suitable for scenarios where the load above the mobile slide 3 is constantly changing.

[0035] It should be understood that in order to prevent external impurities from entering the guide rail and affecting smooth sliding, the two side edges of the movable slide 3 are equipped with protective edges 33, and a protective baffle needs to be added to the outer side of the protective edge 33. This can effectively prevent foreign matter from entering and affecting the operation of the guide rail. The above structure is not the technical feature to be protected by this application, and its description is only to reflect the integrity of the technical solution. Therefore, its specific structure and setting method will not be repeated in this application.

[0036] In order to allow the pressurized oil to enter, an oil inlet circuit 34 is provided in the movable slide 3. Similarly, the oil inlet circuit 34 is not a technical feature to be protected by the present application, and its description is only for reflecting the integrity of the technical solution. Therefore, its specific structure and setting method will not be repeated in this application.

[0037] As an implementation method, Figure 6 As shown, L-shaped pressure plates 41 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the pull-down bracket 4, and pressure oil grooves (45) are provided in front and behind the L-shaped pressure plates 41; and there is the above-mentioned 0.02-0.05mm pressure oil film gap between the surface of the L-shaped pressure plate 41 and the guide surface of the strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail 2, thereby realizing frictionless sliding cooperation between the two. An intermediate oil circuit 42 is provided on the outer side of the L-shaped pressure plate 41, and a sealing ring 43 is provided at the input end of the intermediate oil circuit 42. The pressure oil is transported to the pressure oil chamber 45 through the intermediate oil circuit 42.

[0038] As an implementation method, Figure 7 As shown, the oil inlet circuit 34, the intermediate oil circuit 42, the pressure oil chamber 45, the oil return groove 12 and the oil return circuit 13 are interconnected, so that the pressure oil can provide hydraulic buoyancy for the movable slide 3 in four directions: left, right, up and down.

[0039] Similarly, the above-mentioned oil inlet circuit 34 and intermediate oil circuit 42 are not technical features to be protected by this application. Their description is only to reflect the completeness of the technical solution, so their specific structure and setting method will not be repeated in this application.

[0040] The present invention provides a new type of high-precision closed static pressure guide rail structure for ultra-precision grinding machines. By arranging a guide rail base, a movable slide, a strip-shaped downward pressure guide rail and a downward pull-down bracket, the guide rail can be stably and conveniently assembled and used. The overall structure of the guide rail is simple and the degree of integration is high. During the subsequent operation, the input of pressure oil and the coordination of various components provide the movable slide with hydraulic buoyancy in the left, right, up and down directions, so that the movable slide can stably slide against the surface of the guide rail base. Even if the pressure oil delivery pipeline is blocked, the movable slide can still work normally by utilizing the coordination of the V-shaped slide rail and the V-shaped guide rail groove, thereby providing reliable guarantee for the use of the equipment and enhancing the stability of the equipment during operation.

[0041] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway structure for an ultra-precision grinder, characterized in that: It comprises a guide rail base (1), the lower surface of which is fixedly connected to the main body of the device by bolts, two V-shaped guide rail grooves (11) are arranged parallel and symmetrically above the guide rail base (1), two strip-shaped downward pressing guide rails (2) are fixed on the inner side of the V-shaped guide rail grooves (11), and the two strip-shaped downward pressing guide rails (2) have the same structural features and are arranged symmetrically, a movable slide (3) is slidably provided on the V-shaped guide rail grooves (11), a pull-down bracket (4) is fixed at the bottom of the movable slide (3), and a sliding clearance is formed between the pull-down bracket (4) and the strip-shaped downward pressing guide rail (2); Two V-shaped guide rails (31) are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the movable slide (3), and each V-shaped guide rail (31) has a symmetrical pressure oil groove (35) on its guide surface. The two V-shaped guide rails (31) correspond to the two V-shaped guide rail grooves (11) in position and cooperate with each other. Under pressure oil, the two form a clearance sliding fit. The pull-down bracket (4) is fixed between the two V-shaped guide rails (31) by a fixing bolt (32).

2. The high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway structure for an ultra-precision grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil return groove (12) is provided in the guide rail base (1) and is connected to an oil return oil passage (13).

3. The high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway structure for an ultra-precision grinder according to claim 2, characterized in that: Oil return blocks (55) are provided at both ends of the V-shaped guide rail slide groove (11), and the oil return blocks (55) are connected to the oil return groove (12) through an oil return hole (56).

4. The high-precision closed hydrostatic guideway structure for an ultra-precision grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: L-shaped pressing plates (41) are provided on both sides of the pull-down bracket (4), and a sliding clearance fit is formed between the L-shaped pressing plates (41) and the strip-shaped pull-down guide rails (2).

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