Selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and discloses a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage and a preparation method thereof, the method comprising: S1, washing the Agaricus blazei, cutting it, adding salt, blanching it in boiling water, draining it for standby use; S2, taking the drained Agaricus blazei, adding water, extracting it by microwave and ultrasonic alternating treatment, and filtering it; S3, taking the filter residue obtained in step S2, adding water and acid, decocting and extracting it, and filtering it; S4, combining the filtrate obtained in step S2 and step S3 in proportion, concentrating it under reduced pressure, and obtaining a thick paste; S5, vacuum drying the thick paste to obtain a dry paste; S6, compounding the dry paste with a flavoring agent and an auxiliary material, crushing and mixing, granulating, sieving, and obtaining a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage. The method has short preparation time, low water consumption and energy consumption, high yield of dry paste extracted from selenium Agaricus blazei, high selenium content of the product, rich nutritional components, and good eating experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Agaricus blazei, also known as Brazilian mushroom, is a precious medicinal and edible fungus. It is rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, sterols, proteins, active peptides, vitamins and trace element selenium. It has a good medical and health care effect in lowering blood lipids, blood pressure, protecting the liver and enhancing immunity.

[0003] At present, Agaricus blazei is mostly eaten as a food after traditional cooking. In recent years, some health products prepared with Agaricus blazei raw materials have been launched on the market, but the ingredients of such products are relatively complex. As one of many raw materials, the content of Agaricus blazei is usually low, and the health effects are not obvious. In addition, the Agaricus blazei raw materials currently added are usually prepared by direct crushing or multiple water extractions. The Agaricus blazei raw materials prepared by direct crushing have a strong fishy smell, which will affect the eating experience; while the Agaricus blazei raw materials prepared by multiple water extractions are mainly polysaccharides, and other health ingredients are lost a lot, especially the selenium content is less retained, which affects the health effects of Agaricus blazei products, and multiple water extractions have problems such as large water consumption and high energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei Murrill solid beverage and a preparation method thereof, which has short preparation time, less water consumption and energy consumption, high yield of dry paste extracted from Agaricus blazei Murrill, high selenium content of the product, rich nutrients, and good eating experience.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, wash and cut Agaricus blazei, add salt, blanch in boiling water, drain and set aside;

[0008] S2, taking the drained Agaricus blazei, adding water, extracting by alternating microwave and ultrasonic treatment, and filtering;

[0009] S3, taking the filter residue obtained in step S2, adding water and acid, boiling and extracting, and filtering;

[0010] S4, combining the filtrates obtained in step S2 and step S3 in proportion, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a thick paste;

[0011] S5, vacuum drying the thick paste to obtain a dry paste;

[0012] S6, compounding the dry paste with flavoring agents and auxiliary materials, crushing and mixing, granulating, and sieving to obtain a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, in step S1, the Agaricus blazei Murrill is a dry product, cut into blocks with a thickness of 1-2 cm, and the Agaricus blazei Murrill and salt are added at a mass ratio of 10:1-20:1; the boiling water is 5-7 times the mass of the Agaricus blazei Murrill, and the blanching time is 15-20 min;

[0014] and / or,

[0015] In step S2, water in an amount of 3 to 5 times the initial weight of the Agaricus blazei is added, and the mixture is firstly subjected to ultrasonic treatment and then to microwave treatment, and the treatments are repeated alternately, and both the first treatment and the last treatment are ultrasonic treatment.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present application, in step S2:

[0017] The frequency of the microwave is 2450MHz, and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30~40KHz;

[0018] The extraction temperature is 55~60℃;

[0019] The microwave treatment lasts for 15 to 20 minutes each time, the ultrasonic treatment lasts for 10 minutes each time, the microwave treatment is performed at least twice, and the ultrasonic treatment is performed at least three times.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present application, in step S3, water 3 to 5 times the initial weight of Agaricus blazei is added, and citric acid, lactic acid or malic acid is added, the pH is adjusted to 5.8 to 6.0, the mixture is boiled and extracted for 1 hour, and filtered.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, in step S4, the filtrates obtained in step S2 and step S3 are mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1 to 2:1.5, concentrated under the conditions of steam pressure of 0.20 MPa, vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa to -0.06 MPa, and temperature of 75±2°C to a relative density of 1.25 to 1.30, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a thick paste.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present application, in step S5, the thick paste is dried at a temperature of 40-50°C and a vacuum degree of -0.08-0.06MPa for 4-6h, and the moisture content is reduced to below 4.5%, thereby obtaining a dry paste.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present application, in step S6:

[0024] The flavoring agent is freeze-dried seabuckthorn powder or freeze-dried mulberry powder;

[0025] The auxiliary material is maltodextrin;

[0026] The mass percentages of the dry paste, flavoring agent, and auxiliary materials are 80-85%: 0-15%: 5-20% respectively;

[0027] The mixture was crushed by a grinder, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, mixed in a mixer for 30 minutes, and then tableted and granulated by a rolling granulator. Particles between 20 and 40 meshes were collected to obtain a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present application, in step S2, the microwave and ultrasonic alternating treatment extraction is carried out in an ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank, and the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank comprises:

[0029] The annular tank body has an annular cylindrical cavity, the annular cylindrical cavity has an opening at the top, an openable cover, and a discharge port at the bottom;

[0030] A plurality of microwave emitters are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the annular tank body and can emit microwaves into the annular cylindrical cavity;

[0031] A plurality of ultrasonic transmitters are arranged at the bottom of the annular tank body and can transmit ultrasonic waves into the annular cylindrical cavity;

[0032] A stirring motor is installed in the middle cavity of the annular tank body, the output shaft of the stirring motor is detachably connected to the stirring paddle cross bar, the end of the stirring paddle cross bar is connected to a stirring paddle extending downward into the annular cylindrical cavity, and the stirring motor drives the stirring paddle to rotate circumferentially around the annular cylindrical cavity;

[0033] A controller is connected with the microwave transmitter, the ultrasonic transmitter and the stirring motor.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank further comprises: a linear motor and a sealing valve member;

[0035] The lower part of the inner side wall of the annular cylindrical cavity is provided with an annular opening, and the discharge port is located at the lower part of the middle cavity and communicates with the annular opening;

[0036] The sealing valve member is disposed at the lower part of the middle cavity, is slidably and sealingly connected to the side wall of the middle cavity, seals the bottom of the middle cavity, and is adapted to the annular opening;

[0037] The linear motor is installed in the middle cavity, and its output end is connected to the sealing valve component to drive the sealing valve component to move up and down to realize the opening and closing of the annular opening. The linear motor is connected to the controller.

[0038] A selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei Murrill solid beverage prepared by any of the preparation methods described above, wherein the selenium content of the selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei Murrill solid beverage is 32 mg / kg or more.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The present invention first adds salt to the Agaricus blazei Murrill for a short time and high temperature boiling before extraction, so as to effectively remove the fishy smell of the Agaricus blazei Murrill raw material and retain the fresh taste and nutrients; microwave and ultrasonic treatment are used alternately to realize rapid and full extraction of nutrients under low temperature (55-60°C); the combination of microwave and ultrasonic treatment is helpful for the nutrients to quickly escape from the cells and fully seep out and dissolve in the aqueous solution, so as to realize low-temperature extraction while shortening the extraction time, improving the extraction rate and better retaining the activity of the nutrients; acid is added to the filter residue for decocting and extraction, so as to soften and degrade part of the cellulose, further fully extract the nutrients in the Agaricus blazei Murrill tissue and improve the paste yield; the selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei Murrill solid beverage dry paste prepared by the method has a high yield (30-32%), rich nutrients, high selenium (Se) content of 32 mg / kg and above, and even up to 35 mg / kg, stable quality, good taste and flavor, and good eating experience.

[0041] 2. The preparation method of the present invention has simple procedures, and the microwave and ultrasonic alternate extraction has low temperature, short time, and reduced water consumption; the filter residue is extracted with acid water, and the extraction time is short, which also reduces the water consumption; the water consumption of the preparation method is 72-76% of the water consumption of the traditional multiple water extraction method, and the energy consumption is about 68% of the energy consumption of the traditional water extraction method; the enlarged part of the material extracted by this method (the part extracted by microwave and ultrasonic wave) is not treated for a long time at high temperature (above 80°C) during the whole production process, and its nutrient components are highly active; and the method can store the filtrates of the two extractions separately, and then combine them according to proportion, so as to realize continuous production and stable product quality.

[0042] 3. In the present invention, the filter residue is extracted with edible acid (citric acid, lactic acid or malic acid), which not only improves the dissolution and extraction rate of nutrients and promotes cellulose degradation, but also increases the viscosity of the dry paste powder to a certain extent. During compound granulation, the addition of auxiliary materials can be reduced, and the forming of selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage particles can be promoted, making the product more uniform, and having better solubility and palatability.

[0043] 4. The microwave and ultrasonic alternating treatment extraction of the present invention is carried out through an ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank, which can be carried out alternately in the same tank body, and the ultrasonic and microwave treatment effects are guaranteed, reducing equipment investment and material transfer procedures between equipment. The extraction tank occupies a small space and is easy to operate and control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of the method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank after the cover is opened in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A.

[0049] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sealing valve component in the present invention.

[0050] Reference numerals:

[0051] 1. annular tank body; 101. annular cylindrical cavity; 102. middle cavity; 11. discharge port; 12. annular opening; 13. legs;

[0052] 2. Cover body;

[0053] 3. Microwave transmitter;

[0054] 4. Ultrasonic transmitter;

[0055] 5. Stirring motor; 51. Stirring paddle crossbar; 52. Stirring paddle;

[0056] 6. Linear motor;

[0057] 7. Sealing valve member; 71. Valve disc portion; 72. Position limiting guide tube portion; 73. Sliding sealing portion; 74. Elastic sealing portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and descriptions are considered to be exemplary and non-restrictive in nature.

[0059] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0061] S1. Weigh the dried Agaricus blazei, clean it, cut it into blocks / slices / diced pieces with a thickness of 1-2 cm. Add salt to water. When the water boils (temperature is 98-100°C), add the cut Agaricus blazei and blanch it for 15-20 minutes. After boiling, quickly remove it and drain it for later use.

[0062] When blanching, the Agaricus blazei and salt are added in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 20:1, and the amount of water is controlled to be 5 to 7 times the mass of the Agaricus blazei. This can effectively remove the fishy smell of the Agaricus blazei and well preserve its umami taste and nutrients. In particular, the blanching time and water volume should be controlled within the above range. Too little water and too short blanching time will result in unsatisfactory deodorization effect, while too long blanching time will cause loss of nutrients and affect the yield of subsequent extraction.

[0063] S2, taking the blanched and drained Agaricus blazei, adding water 3 to 5 times the weight of the initial dry Agaricus blazei, extracting by alternately treating with microwaves and ultrasound, filtering after extraction, and separating the filtrate and the residue.

[0064] When performing microwave and ultrasonic treatment alternately, it is preferred to first perform ultrasonic treatment for a certain length of time, then perform microwave treatment for a certain length of time, and then perform ultrasonic treatment again, and repeat the treatment alternately in sequence. In the last round of treatment, the microwave treatment needs to be followed by ultrasonic treatment before filtration separation, that is, the first treatment and the last treatment are both ultrasonic treatments. Ultrasonic treatment can enhance the release and transfer of substances on the surface and between cells of Agaricus blazei Murrill blocks / slices / diced, and accelerate the dissolution of nutrients; when ultrasonic treatment is performed after microwave treatment, the dissolution efficiency and speed of nutrients can be effectively improved, providing better exudation conditions for a new round of microwave treatment, thereby accelerating extraction; after the last round of microwave treatment, ultrasonic treatment can fully release the nutrients in the internal gaps and external attachments of the solid material into the aqueous solution, ensuring that the dissolved substances are fully separated with the aqueous solution during filtration separation, which is conducive to the retention of nutrients.

[0065] Preferably, microwaves with a frequency of 2450 MHz and ultrasound with a frequency of 30-40 KHz are used for treatment. The duration of a microwave treatment is controlled to be 15-20 minutes, the duration of an ultrasound treatment is controlled to be 10 minutes, the microwave treatment is at least twice, and the ultrasound treatment is at least three times, so that a more ideal extraction effect can be obtained. Usually, the microwave treatment is controlled to be 2-4 times, and the ultrasound treatment is controlled to be 3-5 times. When performing microwave and ultrasound extraction, the temperature is preferably controlled to be 55-60°C.

[0066] S3, taking the filter residue obtained by filtering and separating in step S2, adding water 3 to 5 times the initial weight of Agaricus blazei, and adding edible acid to adjust the pH to a range of 5.8 to 6.0, boiling and extracting for about 1 hour, and filtering and collecting the filtrate.

[0067] Among them, the edible acid is preferably citric acid, lactic acid or malic acid. Adding a certain amount of edible acid when the filter residue is decocted can not only improve the dissolution of nutrients and promote cellulose degradation, but also increase the viscosity of the subsequent dry paste powder to a certain extent, promote the formation of selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage particles, reduce the addition of auxiliary materials, and make the product particles more stable and uniform, and have better solubility and palatability.

[0068] S4, combining and mixing the filtrates obtained in step S2 and step S3 at a volume ratio of 2:1-2:1.5, concentrating under reduced pressure in a single-effect vacuum concentrator to a relative density of 1.25-1.30 (75° C.), and sieving through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a thick paste.

[0069] Preferably, the reduced pressure concentration conditions are a steam pressure of 0.20 MPa, a vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa to -0.06 MPa, and a temperature control of 75±2°C.

[0070] The filtrates collected by filtration in step S2 and step S3 are stored in storage tanks respectively, and then compounded according to proportions, so as to facilitate continuous production and ensure that thick paste and dry paste with stable quality are obtained.

[0071] S5, vacuum drying the thick paste obtained in step S4 to obtain a dry paste.

[0072] The preferred vacuum drying temperature is 40-50° C., the vacuum degree is -0.08-0.06 MPa, and the drying time is 4-6 hours. The moisture content is reduced to below 4.5% to obtain a dry paste.

[0073] S6, compounding the obtained dry paste with flavoring agents and auxiliary materials, crushing them with a grinder and fully mixing them with a mixer, granulating them after mixing, and sieving them to obtain a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage with a desired particle size.

[0074] Among them, the flavoring agent is preferably freeze-dried sea buckthorn powder or freeze-dried mulberry powder; the auxiliary material is maltodextrin.

[0075] The dry paste, flavoring agent, and auxiliary materials are compounded in the mass percentage of 80-85%: 0-15%: 5-20%. That is, the content of the dry paste in the selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage is 80-85%, and the content of the flavoring agent and auxiliary materials is 15-20%.

[0076] Adding freeze-dried seabuckthorn powder or freeze-dried mulberry powder as a flavoring agent can improve the taste of selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage, provide two flavor options, and avoid the addition of sugar. Choosing maltodextrin as an auxiliary material can promote the stability of the performance of selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei dry paste, provide viscosity, facilitate granulation and maintain the stability of solid beverage powder particles, ensure product uniformity and good solubility, and ensure that the selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage can be completely dissolved (dissolution rate ≥ 98%) when it is prepared without impurities precipitation.

[0077] The dry paste is added with flavoring agents and auxiliary materials and then crushed by a pulverizer, passed through a 60-mesh screen and mixed in a three-dimensional mixer for 30 minutes to ensure that all components are fully mixed, and then tableted and granulated by a rolling granulator. The particles between 20 and 40 meshes are collected to obtain the desired selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage. Among them, the subdivided particles above 20 mesh and below 40 mesh are crushed through a 60-mesh screen for secondary granulation.

[0078] In one embodiment, the microwave and ultrasonic alternating extraction in step S2 is performed in an ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank, such as Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank comprises:

[0079] An annular tank body 1, a plurality of microwave transmitters 3, a plurality of ultrasonic transmitters 4, a stirring device and a controller (not shown in the figure), etc.

[0080] The annular tank body 1 has an annular cylindrical cavity 101 for containing Agaricus blazei and water, the upper part of the annular cylindrical cavity 101 is a flow opening, and is provided with a cover body 2 that can be opened and closed; the lower part of the annular cylindrical cavity 101 is provided with a discharge port 11. The material (Agaricus blazei and water) can be added through the flow opening at the upper part of the annular cylindrical cavity 101, or through a feeding port set on the upper side wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101.

[0081] A plurality of microwave emitters 3 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the annular tank body 1 , extend into the annular cylindrical cavity 101 , and are sealedly connected to the outer wall, and can emit microwaves into the annular cylindrical cavity 101 .

[0082] A plurality of ultrasonic transmitters 4 are arranged at the bottom of the annular tank body 1 , extend into the annular cylindrical cavity 101 , and are sealedly connected to the bottom wall, and can transmit ultrasonic waves into the annular cylindrical cavity 101 .

[0083] The stirring device includes a stirring motor 5, a stirring paddle cross bar 51 and a stirring paddle 52. The stirring motor 5 is installed in the middle cavity 102 of the annular tank body 1, and the output shaft of the stirring motor 5 is connected to the stirring paddle cross bar 51, and the stirring paddle cross bar 51 is detachably connected to the output shaft. The end of the stirring paddle cross bar 51 is connected to the stirring paddle 52 extending downward into the annular cylindrical cavity 101, that is, the stirring paddle 52 is vertically arranged, and the top is connected to the end of the stirring paddle cross bar 51. The stirring motor 5 drives the stirring paddle 52 to rotate circumferentially around the annular cylindrical cavity 101 to stir the material in the annular cylindrical cavity 101.

[0084] The controller is connected with the microwave transmitter 3, the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the stirring motor 5, etc., and controls the operation of the microwave transmitter 3, the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the stirring motor 5.

[0085] The ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank integrates ultrasonic and microwave processing functions, and can perform ultrasonic processing and microwave processing alternately in the same tank body, and the material does not need to be transferred between devices; the tank body is arranged in a ring shape to form a ring-shaped cylindrical cavity 101, and is equipped with a stirring device, so that the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank can process more materials at a time, and ensure that the microwaves emitted by the microwave transmitter can fully perform microwave heating extraction and ultrasonic processing on the materials in the tank body; the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank has a compact structure, occupies a small space, is easy to operate and control, and can greatly simplify the ultrasonic and microwave alternating processing process.

[0086] In one embodiment, the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank further includes a linear motor 6 and a sealing valve member 7 .

[0087] The lower part of the inner wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101 is provided with an annular opening 12, and the lower part of the inner wall is connected and fixed to the bottom wall through a plurality of legs 13. The discharge port 11 is located at the lower part of the middle cavity 102 and communicates with the annular opening 12. The discharge port 11 is provided with a switch valve connected to a controller and / or a switch valve opened manually. Preferably, the bottom wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101 is a bucket-shaped structure inclined inwardly and downwardly.

[0088] The sealing valve member 7 is disposed at the lower portion of the middle cavity 102 , and is slidably and sealingly connected to the lower portion of the side wall of the middle cavity 102 , thereby sealing the bottom of the middle cavity 102 and matching with the annular opening 12 .

[0089] The linear motor 6 is installed in the middle cavity 102, and its output end is connected to the sealing valve member 7, driving the sealing valve member 7 to move up and down to open or close the annular opening 12. The linear motor 6 is connected to the controller and can be controlled by the controller to automatically operate.

[0090] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, in one embodiment, the sealing valve member 7 includes a valve disc portion 71 , a position limiting guide tube portion 72 , a sliding sealing portion 73 and an elastic sealing portion 74 .

[0091] The valve disc portion 71 is adapted to the bottom of the middle cavity 102 and the discharge port 11; the limiting guide tube portion 72 is arranged on the upper side of the valve disc portion 71, and is sleeved on the lower outer side of the middle cavity 102 (that is, the outer side of the inner wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101); the sliding sealing portion 73 is located between the limiting guide tube portion 72 and the inner wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101.

[0092] Specifically, the sliding sealing portion 73 includes a clamping portion provided on the outer side of the inner side wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101 and a sealing strip provided in the clamping portion, and the sealing strip abuts against and seals against the inner side wall of the limiting guide tube portion 72 .

[0093] The elastic sealing portion 74 is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the valve disc portion 71 . When the sealing valve member 7 moves downward to the bottom, the valve disc portion 71 abuts against and seals the discharge port 11 through the elastic sealing portion 74 , and the limiting guide tube portion 72 seals the annular opening 12 .

[0094] An annular opening 12 is provided at the lower portion of the inner wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101 for material discharge, so as to facilitate complete discharge of the material, avoid accumulation of the material in the tank body, and facilitate cleaning.

[0095] Furthermore, a jacket is provided on the outer wall of the annular cylindrical cavity 101 of the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank, and a temperature detector is provided in the annular cylindrical cavity 101. The temperature detector and the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve of the jacket are connected to the controller and are associated with each other.

[0096] Example 1

[0097] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage comprises the following steps:

[0098] S1, weigh dry Agaricus blazei, wash it, and cut it into pieces with a thickness of 1-2 cm; take water 5 times the mass of Agaricus blazei, add salt to the water according to the mass ratio of Agaricus blazei to salt of 10:1, add the cut Agaricus blazei after the water boils for 15 minutes, remove it after boiling, drain and set aside.

[0099] S2, taking the blanched and drained Agaricus blazei, adding water 4 times the weight of the initial dry Agaricus blazei, extracting by alternating microwave and ultrasonic treatment, the microwave frequency is 2450 MHz, the ultrasonic frequency is 30 KHz, the microwave treatment is performed twice, the ultrasonic treatment is performed three times, the duration of each microwave treatment is 20 minutes, the duration of each ultrasonic treatment is 10 minutes, the temperature is controlled at 55-60°C, filtering after treatment, and separating the filtrate and the residue.

[0100] S3, taking the filter residue obtained by filtration and separation in step S2, adding water 4 times the initial weight of Agaricus blazei Murrill, and adding citric acid to adjust the pH to about 6.0, boiling and extracting for 1 hour, and filtering and collecting the filtrate.

[0101] S4, the filtrates prepared in step S2 and step S3 are combined and mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1.2, and concentrated under reduced pressure in a single-effect vacuum concentrator at a steam pressure of 0.20 MPa, a vacuum degree of -0.07 MPa, and a temperature of 75±2°C to a relative density of 1.25 (75°C), and sieved through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a thick paste.

[0102] S5, drying the thick paste obtained in step S4 at a temperature of 40-50°C and a vacuum degree of -0.07 MPa for 4-6 hours until the moisture content is reduced to about 4.0%, thereby obtaining a dry paste.

[0103] S6, compounding the obtained dry paste with maltodextrin at a mass ratio of 85:15, grinding the compounded mixture through a grinder and passing through a 60-mesh sieve, mixing the mixture in a mixer for 30 minutes, and tableting and granulating the mixture through a rolling granulator. Collecting particles with a mesh size of 20 to 40 to obtain a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage.

[0104] Example 2

[0105] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0106] Step S6, compounding the dry paste with freeze-dried seabuckthorn powder and maltodextrin in a mass ratio of 80:10:10.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0109] Step S1, weigh dry Agaricus blazei, wash, drain and set aside.

[0110] Steps S2 to S6 are substantially the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0111] Example 4

[0112] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0113] In step S1, the washed and drained Agaricus blazei is cut into pieces with a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage comprises the following steps:

[0116] S1. Weigh the dried Agaricus blazei, wash it, drain it and set aside.

[0117] S2, adding water 10 times the weight of Agaricus blazei, boiling and extracting for 2 hours, filtering and separating the filtrate and the residue;

[0118] S3, adding water 10 times the weight of Agaricus blazei to the residue from step S2, continuing to decoct and extract for 2 hours, and filtering and collecting the filtrate;

[0119] S4, combining the filtrates obtained in steps S2 and S3, placing them in a single-effect vacuum concentrator at a steam pressure of 0.20 MPa, a vacuum degree of -0.07 MPa, and a temperature control of 75±2°C, concentrating under reduced pressure to a relative density of 1.25 (75°C), and sieving through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a thick paste.

[0120] Step S5 and step S6 are substantially the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0121] Example 6

[0122] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage comprises the following steps:

[0123] S1, weigh dry Agaricus blazei, wash it, and cut it into pieces with a thickness of 1-2 cm; take water 5 times the mass of Agaricus blazei, add salt to the water according to the mass ratio of Agaricus blazei to salt of 10:1, add the cut Agaricus blazei after the water boils for 15 minutes, remove it after boiling, drain and set aside.

[0124] S2, taking the blanched and drained Agaricus blazei, adding water 4 times the weight of the initial dry Agaricus blazei, extracting by alternating microwave and ultrasonic treatment, the microwave frequency is 2450 MHz, the ultrasonic frequency is 30 KHz, the microwave treatment is 4 times, the ultrasonic treatment is 5 times, the microwave treatment time is 20 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10 minutes, the temperature is controlled at 55-60°C, filtering after treatment, and collecting the filtrate.

[0125] S3, placing the filtrate obtained in step S2 in a single-effect vacuum concentrator with a steam pressure of 0.20 MPa, a vacuum degree of -0.07 MPa, and a temperature control of 75±2°C, and concentrating under reduced pressure to a relative density of 1.25 (75°C), and sieving through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a thick paste.

[0126] S4, drying the thick paste obtained in step S3 at a temperature of 40-50°C and a vacuum degree of -0.07 MPa for 4-6 hours until the moisture content is reduced to about 4.0%, thereby obtaining a dry paste.

[0127] S5, compounding the obtained dry paste with maltodextrin at a mass ratio of 85:15, crushing the compounded paste with a grinder and passing through a 60-mesh sieve, mixing with a mixer for 30 minutes, and then tableting and granulating with a rolling granulator. Collecting particles with a mesh size of 20 to 40 to obtain a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage.

[0128] Evaluation and testing of intermediates and products

[0129] Referring to the evaluation and data in Table 1, it can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Example 2 that adding freeze-dried seabuckthorn powder during compounding can effectively improve the taste of selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage. It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Example 3 that cutting and blanching can effectively remove the fishy smell of Agaricus blazei, improve the smell of selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage, and increase the thick paste recovery rate, dry paste recovery rate and selenium content. Comparing Example 1 and Example 4, it can be seen that the cutting block diameter / particle size is too small (less than 1 cm), which has no obvious effect on the thick paste recovery rate, dry paste recovery rate and selenium content, but will lead to a decrease in the product dissolution rate, thereby affecting the taste and eating experience of the product. Comparing Example 1 and Example 5, it can be seen that the preparation method of the present application has a higher thick paste recovery rate, dry paste recovery rate and selenium content than the traditional two-decoction water extraction method, indicating that the preparation method of the present application has a higher extraction rate of the nutrients of Agaricus blazei, and the obtained selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage has a higher nutritional value. By comparing Example 1 and Example 6, it can be seen that only ultrasonic and microwave alternating treatments are performed, and the filter residue is not treated with acid and decoction water. Although the number and time of ultrasonic and microwave treatments are increased, the thick paste yield, dry paste yield and selenium content are still reduced to a certain extent, indicating that some extractable nutrients and selenium are still present in the filter residue after ultrasonic and microwave treatment, and acid and water extraction can effectively extract the dissolved nutrients in the filter residue.

[0130] Table 1 is the evaluation and test results of the intermediate products and products obtained in Examples 1 to 6

[0131]

Claims

1. A method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, wash the Agaricus blazei Murrill, cut the dried Agaricus blazei Murrill into pieces with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm, add salt to water, add the cut Agaricus blazei Murrill into the water after boiling, and blanch for 15 to 20 minutes, then drain and set aside; S2, taking the drained Agaricus blazei, adding water, extracting by alternating microwave and ultrasonic treatment, and filtering; S3, taking the filter residue obtained in step S2, adding water and acid, boiling and extracting, and filtering; S4, combining the filtrates obtained in step S2 and step S3 in proportion, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a thick paste; S5, vacuum drying the thick paste to obtain a dry paste; S6, compounding the dry paste with flavoring agents and auxiliary materials, crushing and mixing, granulating, and sieving to obtain a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage; In step S2, water 3 to 5 times the weight of the initial dry Agaricus blazei is added, and the mixture is first subjected to ultrasonic treatment, then subjected to microwave treatment, and the treatments are repeated alternately, and both the first treatment and the last treatment are ultrasonic treatments; In step S3, add water 3 to 5 times the initial weight of Agaricus blazei, and add citric acid, lactic acid or malic acid, adjust the pH to 5.8 to 6.0, decoct and extract for 1 hour, and filter; The flavoring agent is freeze-dried seabuckthorn powder or freeze-dried mulberry powder; and the auxiliary material is maltodextrin.

2. The method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, Agaricus blazei and salt are added in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 20:

1.

3. The method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2: The frequency of the microwave is 2450MHz, and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30~40KHz; The extraction temperature is 55~60℃; The microwave treatment lasts for 15 to 20 minutes each time, the ultrasonic treatment lasts for 10 minutes each time, the microwave treatment is performed at least twice, and the ultrasonic treatment is performed at least three times.

4. The method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the filtrates obtained in step S2 and step S3 are mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1 to 2:1.5, concentrated under the conditions of steam pressure of 0.20 MPa, vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa to -0.06 MPa, and temperature of 75±2°C to a relative density of 1.25 to 1.30, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a thick paste.

5. The method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S5, the thick paste is dried at a temperature of 40-50°C and a vacuum degree of -0.08-0.06MPa for 4-6h, and the moisture content is reduced to below 4.5%, thereby obtaining a dry paste.

6. The method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S6: The mass percentages of the dry paste, flavoring agent, and auxiliary materials are 80%:15%:5% respectively; The mixture was crushed by a grinder, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, mixed in a mixer for 30 minutes, and then tableted and granulated by a rolling granulator. Particles between 20 and 40 meshes were collected to obtain a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage.

7. The method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the microwave and ultrasonic alternating treatment extraction is carried out in an ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank, and the ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank comprises: The annular tank body has an annular cylindrical cavity, the annular cylindrical cavity is open at the top, is provided with an openable cover, and has a discharge port at the bottom; A plurality of microwave emitters are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the annular tank body and can emit microwaves into the annular cylindrical cavity; A plurality of ultrasonic transmitters are arranged at the bottom of the annular tank body and can transmit ultrasonic waves into the annular cylindrical cavity; A stirring motor is installed in the middle cavity of the annular tank body, the output shaft of the stirring motor is detachably connected to the stirring paddle cross bar, the end of the stirring paddle cross bar is connected to a stirring paddle extending downward into the annular cylindrical cavity, and the stirring motor drives the stirring paddle to rotate circumferentially around the annular cylindrical cavity; A controller is connected with the microwave transmitter, the ultrasonic transmitter and the stirring motor.

8. The method for preparing a selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei solid beverage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ultrasonic-microwave extraction tank also includes: a linear motor and a sealing valve member; The lower part of the inner side wall of the annular cylindrical cavity is provided with an annular opening, and the discharge port is located at the lower part of the middle cavity and communicates with the annular opening; The sealing valve member is disposed at the lower part of the middle cavity, is slidably and sealingly connected to the side wall of the middle cavity, seals the bottom of the middle cavity, and is adapted to the annular opening; The linear motor is installed in the middle cavity, and its output end is connected to the sealing valve component to drive the sealing valve component to move up and down to realize the opening and closing of the annular opening. The linear motor is connected to the controller.

9. A selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei Murrill solid beverage prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the selenium content of the selenium-enriched Agaricus blazei Murrill solid beverage is 32 mg / kg or more.

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