Tea garden autumn sowing and spring sowing green manure combination annual grass control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tea garden autumn sowing and spring sowing green manure combination annual grass control method, and relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation management, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, after autumn equinox and before Frost's Descent, applying a base fertilizer and preparing soil in combination with a tea garden, and sowing winter green manure; s2, performing seedling stage management after seedling emergence; s3, after the beginning of spring, topdressing is conducted, and worst weeds are manually pulled out; s4, after spring tea production is finished at the end of April, turning and pressing are conducted, and summer green manure is sown; s5, from May to June, topdressing and impurity removal are conducted; and S6, turning and pressing at the end of September, and carrying out the steps S1 to S6 again. The method is simple and easy to operate, is matched with tea garden farming in crop rotation connection, does not miss farming time, innovates application and optimal combination of local grass seeds, fills a grass prevention gap period, realizes green, economical and efficient annual grass control of the tea garden, injects new power for boosting green development of the tea industry, and provides a new way for boosting cost saving and income increasing of tea farmers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation and management, and in particular to a method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year. Background Art

[0002] Weeds are an integral part of the biodiversity of the tea garden ecosystem. They have the remarkable characteristics of strong vitality, rapid growth and reproduction, and large biomass. During their growth, they compete with tea trees for water, fertilizer, space, sunlight and other resources, seriously affecting the growth and development of tea trees. It is reported that tea gardens that do not weed throughout the year have a 14.98% to 19.84% reduction in tea production compared to tea gardens that use manual or chemical herbicides. In addition, many tea garden weeds may also become intermediate hosts for tea garden pests and diseases (such as leafhoppers, aphids, and mites), contributing to the breeding and spread of pests and diseases. Therefore, weed control is a very important and necessary task in tea garden production management.

[0003] At present, most tea garden weed control is still based on manual weeding, chemical weeding, and mechanical weeding. However, manual weeding is labor-intensive and labor-intensive. The annual cost of manual weeding in tea gardens is as high as 600-800 yuan per mu. With the development of rural economy and the adjustment of industrial structure, a large number of rural laborers have transferred to cities and towns, and the number of farmers has decreased significantly. Tea areas are generally facing a labor shortage problem. The cost of using chemical herbicides is relatively low, and the weed control effect is also relatively good, but excessive reliance on chemical herbicides can easily accelerate the formation of weed resistance, reduce drug efficacy, and cause excessive pesticide residues, groundwater pollution, and many other food safety and ecological risks. Mechanical weeding saves time and effort, but it is only applicable to flat or gently sloping tea gardens, and has obvious limitations for high mountain and terraced tea gardens. Therefore, practicing the concept of green development and developing pollution-free, low-cost, and high-efficiency tea garden weed control technology is the most urgent practical need to solve the bottleneck problem of tea garden weed control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing green manure throughout the year.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1: After the autumnal equinox and before the frost, combine the application of basal fertilizer in the tea garden with land preparation and sowing of winter green manure: Starting from early October, in the mature tea garden, basal fertilizer is applied vertically from the edge of the tree crown to the furrow. In the young tea garden, basal fertilizer is applied in the furrow 10cm~15cm away from the root of the tea tree. The furrow depth should be more than 30cm. The basal fertilizer application in the tea garden should be relatively concentrated; then the soil between the tea rows is mechanically or manually loosened and raked, and then winter green manure native grass seeds are evenly sown between the tea rows. After sowing, the soil should be covered shallowly rather than deeply. It is best to use a broom to lightly sweep the seeds to cover 1cm~2cm. Sowing should be completed before the end of October at the latest; S2: After the seedlings emerge, carry out seedling management: autumn is prone to drought, and the seedlings have poor drought resistance. Water them in time during dry weather to facilitate the growth of seedlings. If there is a serious shortage of seedlings, replant them in time; S3: After the spring, topdressing and manual weeding: In mid-to-late February, combine germination fertilizer with manual weeding of malignant weeds other than the target grass species. Generally, manual weeding is sufficient twice. S4: After the end of spring tea production at the end of April, turn over and sow summer green manure: After the last batch of spring tea is harvested at the end of April, it is the initial flowering period of the target grass species, covering the entire tea row, combined with tea garden tillage, turn the fresh grass directly into the soil, the tillage depth is 15cm, and the tillage should be harrowed and compacted after turning to accelerate the decomposition of green manure; then evenly sow summer green manure native grass seeds between the tea rows at more than 30cm away from the tea tree pods, cover with soil after sowing, and sow 2~3cm deep; S5: May to June, topdressing and weeding: In early to mid-May, the seedlings are in the stage of being vulnerable to other weeds. We manually remove the malignant weeds other than the target species, and combine it with the second topdressing of the tea garden to promote the rapid establishment of the seedlings; S6: At the end of September, turn over and carry out another round of S1~S6 steps.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of base fertilizer applied is: 300-450 kg•hm2 of pure nitrogen -2 The mass ratio of N, P and K in the base fertilizer is 3~5:1:1; the native grass species for winter green manure include Artemisia selengensis, Viola yedoensis, Taraxacum officinale and Plantago asiatica.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S3, the germination fertilizer is 15 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 18-22 kg / mu of urea; the malignant weeds include annual sedge, solidago, and polygonum hydropiper.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S4, the summer green manure native grass species are cosmos and purslane.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S5, the second topdressing is to apply 15 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 15 kg / mu of urea.

[0010] Furthermore, the sowing amount of the winter green manure native grass seeds is: 1.0 kg / mu of Artemisia selengensis, 2.0 kg / mu of Viola yedoensis, 1.5 kg / mu of Taraxacum officinale, and 2.0 kg / mu of Plantago asiatica.

[0011] Furthermore, the sowing amount of the summer green manure native grass seeds is: 1.5 kg / mu of cosmos and 0.75 kg / mu of purslane.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Provide a large amount of organic matter Green manure has a short life cycle, so it can provide a considerable amount of humified organic matter to the soil. Organic matter contains various nutrients that can promote the growth and development of crops and the activity of soil microorganisms.

[0013] (2) Inhibit weed growth Green manure is intercropped in tea gardens, and the physiological occupation of roots and stems is used to control weeds. The inhibition rate of common weeds such as foxtail grass, dogwood root, amaranth, and crabgrass can reach more than 80%.

[0014] (3) Preventing soil and water loss in tea gardens After intercropping green manure, the covering effect of green manure can reduce the erosion of soil by rainwater and reduce soil erosion.

[0015] (4) Enhance the resistance of tea trees to adverse environments In the hot summer, intercropping green manure can cover and cool down the tea garden and improve the microclimate, which can effectively prevent the tea trees from being harmed by high temperature and strong light. In the winter, intercropping green manure can increase the ground temperature and reduce the freezing rate of tea seedlings.

[0016] Based on this, the present invention is not only simple and easy to operate, and matches the crop rotation with the farming work in the tea garden without delaying the farming season, but also innovates the application and optimized combination of native grass seeds, fills the gap in weed control, and realizes green, economical and efficient year-round weed control in the tea garden, injecting new impetus into promoting the green development of the tea industry and providing a new way to help tea farmers save costs and increase their income. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0018] The instruments, reagents, materials, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods, detection methods, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional experimental methods, detection methods, etc. in the prior art.

[0019] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year, specifically comprising the following steps: S1: After the autumnal equinox and before the frost, combine the application of basal fertilizer in the tea garden with land preparation and sowing of winter green manure: Starting from early October, in the mature tea garden, basal fertilizer is applied vertically downward from the edge of the tree crown. In the young tea garden, basal fertilizer is applied in the ditch 10cm~15cm away from the root of the tea tree, and the ditch depth is more than 30cm. The basal fertilizer application in the tea garden should be relatively concentrated. The amount of basal fertilizer applied is: 300kg•hm2 of pure nitrogen -2 (equivalent to 20kg / mu), the mass ratio of N, P, K is 3:1:1; then loosen and harrow the soil between the tea rows mechanically or manually, and then evenly sow winter green manure native grass seeds (1.0kg / mu of Artemisia selengensis, 2.0kg / mu of Viola yedoensis, 1.5kg / mu of Taraxacum officinale, 2.0kg / mu of Plantago asiatica) between the tea rows, cover with soil after sowing, preferably shallow rather than deep, and use a broom to lightly sweep the seeds to cover 1cm~2cm. Sowing should be completed by the end of October at the latest; S2: After the seedlings emerge, carry out seedling management: autumn is prone to drought, and the seedlings have poor drought resistance. In case of drought, water them in time to facilitate the growth of seedlings. If there is a serious shortage of seedlings, replant them in time; S3: After the beginning of spring, topdressing and manual removal of malignant weeds: In mid-to-late February, apply germination fertilizer (calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 15kg / mu, urea 18kg / mu) to achieve the effect of "increasing nitrogen with phosphorus and promoting seedlings with nitrogen"; in addition, malignant weeds other than the target grass species (including annual sedge, goldenrod, and hot pepper) should be removed frequently, and generally only need to be manually removed twice; S4: After the end of spring tea production at the end of April, turn over and sow summer green manure: After the last batch of spring tea is harvested at the end of April, it is the initial flowering period of the target grass species, covering the entire tea row, combined with tea garden tillage, turn the fresh grass directly into the soil, the tillage depth is 15cm, and the tillage should be harrowed and compacted after turning to accelerate the decomposition of green manure; then evenly sow summer green manure native grass seeds (marsupial grass 1.5kg / mu, purslane 0.75kg / mu) between the tea rows more than 30cm away from the tea tree, cover with soil after sowing, and sow 2~3cm deep; S5: May to June, topdressing and weeding: In early and mid-May, the seedlings are in the early and mid-May period and are vulnerable to other weeds. We manually remove the malignant weeds other than the target weeds. Combined with the second topdressing of the tea garden, we apply 15kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 15kg / mu of urea to promote the rapid formation of the seedlings. S6: At the end of September, turn over and carry out another round of S1~S6 steps.

[0020] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that in step S1, the amount of base fertilizer applied is: 375 kg•hm2 of pure nitrogen -2(equivalent to 25kg / mu), the mass ratio of N, P, and K is 4:1:1; in step S3, germination fertilizer (calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 15kg / mu, urea 20kg / mu).

[0021] Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that in step S1, the amount of base fertilizer applied is: 450 kg•hm-2 of pure nitrogen (equivalent to 30 kg / mu), and the mass ratio of N, P, and K is 5:1:1; in step S3, germination fertilizer (15 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 22 kg / mu of urea) is applied.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 Manual weeding.

[0023] 2 mu of tea garden were selected for tea garden weed control using the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. The economic incomes brought by the two methods were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0024] Table 1 Economic income of tea gardens

[0025] It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that the method of controlling weeds with grass in Example 1 is more conducive to increasing tea yield and has a more obvious weed control effect; in addition, the profit of Example 1 is 809.8 yuan / mu more than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the method of Example 1 is more conducive to increasing economic income.

[0026] The inhibition of common weeds by the weed control method of this example is shown in Table 2.

[0027] Table 2 Suppression of weeds

[0028] It can be seen from the results in Table 2 that the weed control method using grass in this embodiment can achieve an inhibition rate of more than 80% on common weeds such as foxtail grass, benguet root, amaranth, crabgrass, etc., and has a good weed control effect.

[0029] Table 3 shows the changes in soil fertility in the tea garden after two years using the weed control method in this example.

[0030] Table 3 Impact on tea garden soil fertility

[0031] It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that the method of controlling weeds with grass in this embodiment improves the pH value of the tea garden, increases the organic matter content by 32.62%, increases the alkaline nitrogen content by 41.30%, increases the available phosphorus by 18.35%, and increases the available potassium by 36.07%.

[0032] Table 4 shows the changes in the impact of the weed control method on the tea garden climate in this example.

[0033] Table 4 Impact on tea garden climate

[0034] From the results in Table 4, we can see that in the hot summer, intercropping green manure can provide shade, reduce temperature and improve the microclimate of the tea garden, which can effectively prevent tea trees from being harmed by high temperature and strong light. On the lowest temperature days in January and February, when tea trees are most susceptible to freezing in winter, intercropping green manure can increase the ground temperature by 4.5~6℃, reducing the freezing rate of tea seedlings.

[0035] Advantages of the method of this embodiment: (1) Providing a large amount of organic matter: Green manure has a short life cycle, so it can provide a considerable amount of humified organic matter for the soil. Organic matter contains various nutrients that can promote the growth and development of crops and the activity of soil microorganisms. (2) Inhibiting the growth of weeds: Intercropping green manure in tea gardens, using the physiological position of roots and stems to control weeds, can achieve an inhibition rate of more than 80% for common weeds such as foxtail grass, dog bud root, amaranth, and crabgrass. (3) Preventing soil erosion in tea gardens: After intercropping green manure, the covering effect of green manure can reduce the erosion of soil by rainwater and reduce soil erosion. (4) Enhancing the resistance of tea trees to adverse environments: In hot summer, intercropping green manure can play a role in shading, cooling and improving the microclimate of tea gardens, which can effectively prevent tea trees from being harmed by high temperature and strong light. In winter, intercropping green manure can increase the ground temperature and reduce the freezing rate of tea seedlings.

[0036] To sum up, this embodiment is not only simple and easy to operate, but also matches the crop rotation with the farming work in the tea garden and does not delay the farming season. It also innovates the application and optimized combination of native grass seeds, fills the gap in weed control, and realizes green, economical and efficient year-round weed control in the tea garden, injecting new impetus into promoting the green development of the tea industry and providing a new way to help tea farmers save costs and increase their income.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: After the autumnal equinox and before the frost, combine the application of basal fertilizer in the tea garden with land preparation and sowing of winter green manure: starting from early October, apply basal fertilizer in the trench vertically downward from the edge of the crown in the mature tea garden, and in the young tea garden, apply basal fertilizer in the trench 10cm~15cm away from the roots of the tea trees, with a trench depth of more than 30cm. The basal fertilizer application in the tea garden should be relatively concentrated; then loosen and harrow the soil between the tea rows mechanically or manually, and then evenly sow winter green manure native grass seeds between the tea rows, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the seeds with 1cm~2cm. Sowing should be completed before the end of October at the latest; S2: After the seedlings emerge, carry out seedling management: autumn is prone to drought, and the seedlings have poor drought resistance. Water them in time during dry weather to facilitate the growth of seedlings. If there is a serious shortage of seedlings, replant them in time; S3: After the beginning of spring, topdressing and manual removal of malignant weeds: In mid-to-late February, combine the application of germination fertilizer and manually remove malignant weeds other than the target grass species twice; S4: After the end of spring tea production at the end of April, turn over and sow summer green manure: After the last batch of spring tea is harvested at the end of April, it is the initial flowering period of the target grass species, covering the entire tea row, combined with tea garden tillage, turn the fresh grass directly into the soil, the tillage depth is 15cm, and the tillage should be harrowed and compacted after turning to accelerate the decomposition of green manure; then evenly sow summer green manure native grass seeds between the tea rows at more than 30cm away from the tea tree pods, cover with soil after sowing, and sow 2~3cm deep; S5: May to June, topdressing and weeding: In early to mid-May, the seedlings are in the stage of being vulnerable to other weeds. We manually remove the malignant weeds other than the target species, and combine it with the second topdressing of the tea garden to promote the rapid establishment of the seedlings; S6: At the end of September, turn over and carry out another round of S1~S6 steps.

2. The method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of base fertilizer applied is: 300-450 kg•hm2 of pure nitrogen -2 The mass ratio of N, P and K in the base fertilizer is 3~5:1:1; the native grass species for winter green manure include Artemisia selengensis, Viola yedoensis, Taraxacum officinale and Plantago asiatica.

3. The method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the germination fertilizer is 15 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 18-22 kg / mu of urea; the malignant weeds include annual sedge, solidago, and polygonum hydropiper.

4. The method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the native grass species for summer green manure are cosmos and purslane.

5. The method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the second topdressing is to apply 15 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 15 kg / mu of urea.

6. The method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sowing amount of the winter green manure native grass seeds is: 1.0 kg / mu of Artemisia selengensis, 2.0 kg / mu of Viola yedoensis, 1.5 kg / mu of Taraxacum officinale, and 2.0 kg / mu of Plantago asiatica.

7. The method for controlling weeds in a tea garden by combining autumn sowing and spring sowing of green manure throughout the year according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sowing amount of the summer green manure native grass seeds is: 1.5 kg / mu of cosmos and 0.75 kg / mu of purslane.

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