A method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste, which belongs to the technical field of insect breeding. The method selects organic waste as a source of feed, and ensures the nutritional balance of the feed by accurately adjusting the crushing particle size and moisture content, and adding nutritional supplements. At the same time, a specific carrier material preparation method is adopted, including puffing treatment, chemical treatment and sintering process, to provide a suitable growth environment for black soldier fly larvae and microorganisms. In addition, by controlling the temperature and humidity of the breeding environment, a special fermentation agent is used for aerobic fermentation to improve the nutritional value and biocompatibility of the feed. The waste generated during the breeding process is converted into organic fertilizer through fermentation treatment to achieve the recycling of resources. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can not only improve the growth efficiency and yield of black soldier fly larvae, but also promote the effective treatment and resource utilization of organic waste, and has significant environmental protection and economic value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of insect breeding, and in particular to an ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste. Background Art

[0002] In the current field of environmental protection and resource recycling, the treatment of organic waste has always been a challenge. If a large amount of food waste generated in urban life and by-products left over from agricultural activities, such as potato residues and straw, are not properly treated, they will not only occupy land resources, but may also cause environmental pollution problems. At the same time, if the rich nutrients contained in these organic wastes can be effectively converted into valuable products, it will have a positive impact on environmental protection and resource recycling.

[0003] As a resource insect, the larvae of black soldier flies can efficiently convert organic waste into insect protein, which makes them a powerful tool for treating organic waste. Black soldier fly farming can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also provide a new protein resource for producing animal feed or as an organic fertilizer to improve soil. However, the existing black soldier fly farming technology is not yet fully mature and has the following problems: imprecise feed processing, imprecise control of the farming environment, improper selection and preparation of carrier materials, low farming efficiency and yield, and insufficient resource recycling.

[0004] These problems with existing technologies limit the potential of black soldier flies in organic waste treatment and resource recycling, and a new breeding method is urgently needed to overcome these challenges.

[0005] In the prior art, Chinese invention patent CN112741234A discloses a black soldier fly efficient breeding feed and breeding method thereof, wherein the breeding feed is composed of potato residue, hemp residue and straw shreds in parts by weight; the formula fully considers the biological learning of black soldier flies, potato residue is used to provide carbohydrates, and hemp residue can effectively increase the protein and fat content in the formula to reach a level suitable for black soldier flies to feed; straw shreds make the material relatively fluffy, increase the air permeability of the material, adjust the moisture content of the material, improve the feeding efficiency of black soldier flies, and thus significantly improve the average yield of black soldier flies. Among them, the utilization of the main raw material, waste potato residue, not only efficiently utilizes waste and reduces environmental pollution, but also has low energy consumption and low input cost for the treatment of potato residue. The black soldier fly breeding method specifically realizes three-dimensional intensive and efficient breeding through four steps of breeding feed preparation, breeding feed treatment, access to black soldier fly seedlings and harvesting and screening, and occupies a small area; at the same time, the method improves the biological conversion efficiency of black soldier flies. However, the feed and breeding method of the invention are not environmentally friendly and the bioconversion efficiency needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste, which achieves efficient breeding of black soldier fly larvae by optimizing feed ratio, improving breeding environment control, carefully selecting and processing carrier materials, and effectively utilizing breeding waste, while improving economic and environmental benefits.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is as follows:

[0009] Step 1: Selecting restaurant kitchen waste and agricultural by-products as feed sources for black soldier fly larvae, crushing the feed, adjusting the moisture content, and balancing the nutritional ratio of the feed by adding nutritional supplements to obtain pre-treated organic waste to meet the nutritional needs and growth environment of the black soldier fly larvae;

[0010] Step 2: mixing the pretreated organic waste prepared in step 1 with a carrier material to form a feed matrix suitable for the growth of black soldier fly larvae; aerobic fermentation of the feed matrix is ​​performed using a special fermentation agent, and 400-600 g of the special fermentation agent is sprayed per 100 kg of the feed matrix to improve the nutritional value and biocompatibility of the feed, thereby obtaining a post-processed feed;

[0011] Step 3, at a temperature of 25-30° C., hatching black soldier fly eggs into larvae, placing the hatched larvae on post-processing feed, inoculating 2-4 kg of black soldier fly larvae in 100 kg of post-processing feed, maintaining a temperature of 25-30° C., setting the relative humidity to 60-75%, promoting larval growth, and checking the growth of the larvae every day; when the larvae enter the prepupae stage, collecting mature black soldier fly pupae or adults for the production of high-protein feed or other products; fermenting the waste generated during the breeding process and converting it into organic fertilizer, wherein the waste is unused feed and insect feces.

[0012] In the step 1, the agricultural by-products are potato residues, tussah moth residues, mushroom chaff, corn stalks, and bean dregs in a weight ratio of 3-5:0.5-2:6-8:3-5:12-18.

[0013] The particle size of the kitchen waste after being crushed in step 1 is no more than 2-4 cm, and the particle size of the agricultural by-product after being crushed is no more than 1-2 cm.

[0014] In the step 1, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-75%.

[0015] In step 1, the nutritional supplement material is composed of corn flour, wheat bran and fish meal in a weight ratio of 8-10:2-4:1-3.

[0016] In the step 1, the kitchen waste, agricultural by-products and nutritional supplements are composed in a weight ratio of 6-8:4-6:0.5-2.

[0017] The pretreated organic waste prepared in step 1 is mixed with the carrier material in a weight ratio of 7-9:1-3.

[0018] The special fermentation bacteria in step 2 are composed of Candida utilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:0.5-2.

[0019] The aerobic fermentation in step 2 is carried out at 30-40° C. for 2-10 days.

[0020] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0021] S1. Dry rice husk and cottonseed meal at 40-60° C., crush them, and sieve them through 50-200 meshes to obtain rice husk particles and cottonseed meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 100-130° C., a screw speed of 120-180 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 15-25 mm; mix the obtained particles at a weight ratio of 2-4:1, add them to a 0.5-0.8 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 2-8 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0022] S2, crushing the vermiculite, sieving, and collecting vermiculite particles with a particle size between 5 and 100 meshes; adding the vermiculite particles, cellulose, and animal bone powder into a reactor at a mass ratio of 3-5:0.5-2:1-3, and stirring for 20-40 minutes; heating to 100-130°C and drying for 20-40 minutes, and then sintering at 300-500°C for 5-15 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0023] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 5-7:3-5; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 5-15 mm, a length of 10-30 mm, and a hollow diameter of 1-4 mm; dry the formed carrier at 50-70° C. to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0024] In the black soldier fly ecological breeding method of the present invention, the functions of various substances are as follows:

[0025] Agricultural by-products such as potato residues, silkworm moth remains, mushroom bran, corn stalks, and bean dregs are mixed with kitchen waste in a specific weight ratio and crushed to a certain particle size to facilitate the black soldier fly larvae's ingestion and digestion, providing them with a diverse source of nutrition, including protein, fat, cellulose and other essential trace elements.

[0026] Corn meal, wheat bran and fish meal are used as nutritional supplements. These ingredients are mixed in a specific weight ratio and added to the feed to balance the nutritional proportion of the feed and ensure that the black soldier fly larvae can obtain comprehensive nutrition.

[0027] The carrier material is made of rice husk, cottonseed meal, vermiculite and other materials, providing a suitable growth matrix for black soldier fly larvae. The physical structure and chemical properties of the carrier material have an important impact on the growth environment of the larvae.

[0028] As part of the carrier material, rice husk is dried, crushed, sieved and puffed to increase its porosity and air permeability, which helps to improve the growth environment of the larvae.

[0029] Cottonseed meal is also part of the carrier material and is mixed with rice husks to provide nutrition while its fiber structure helps to create a good ventilation and water retention environment.

[0030] Vermiculite, another component of the carrier material, has high water absorption and water retention, which helps to maintain the humidity of the culture substrate, while its porous structure increases air permeability.

[0031] Cellulose and animal bone meal are sintered together with vermiculite to increase the nutritional content and structural stability of the carrier material.

[0032] Special fermentation bacteria such as Candida utilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus oryzae are used for aerobic fermentation of feed matrix, improving the nutritional value and biocompatibility of feed, promoting the decomposition of organic matter, and providing black soldier fly larvae with more easily absorbed nutrients.

[0033] The special shape of the hollow cylindrical carrier helps to increase the surface area, improve air permeability and water retention, and also makes it easier for the larvae to forage and grow.

[0034] Through the reasonable combination and treatment of these substances, the present invention provides a nutritious and suitable growth environment for black soldier fly larvae, thereby improving the breeding efficiency and yield of black soldier flies. At the same time, this method also realizes the resource utilization of organic waste, which has environmental protection and ecological significance.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1) The present invention provides balanced nutrition and a suitable growth environment for black soldier fly larvae by carefully selecting and proportioning organic waste, such as kitchen waste and agricultural byproducts, and adding nutritional supplements. In addition, by using specific fermentation agents for aerobic fermentation, the nutritional value and biocompatibility of the feed are further improved, thereby significantly increasing the relative weight growth rate and yield of the black soldier fly larvae.

[0037] 2) The present invention realizes resource utilization of waste and reduces environmental pollution by converting organic waste into feed for black soldier fly larvae. At the same time, waste generated during the breeding process is converted into organic fertilizer through fermentation, further realizing the recycling of resources and reflecting the sustainability of ecological breeding.

[0038] 3) The present invention creates a feed matrix that is both conducive to nutrient release and suitable for microbial activity through specific carrier material preparation methods, such as puffing, chemical treatment and sintering processes. These optimized physical structures and biologically active carrier materials provide a better growth environment for black soldier fly larvae, significantly improving the growth performance and breeding efficiency of larvae compared to other methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Candida utilis, Latin name: Candida utilis, is a commercially available product from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC2.3047.

[0040] Bacillus licheniformis, Latin name: Bacillus paralicheniformis, is a commercially available product from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.15832.

[0041] Aspergillus oryzae, Latin name: Aspergillus oryzae, commercially available product, from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, strain number CGMCC3.13905.

[0042] Animal bone meal, product number: RGF1139, Linqu County Huamao Feed Co., Ltd.

[0043] The remaining raw materials in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are all commercially available products.

[0044] The design idea of ​​the present invention is to create an efficient and sustainable ecological breeding method for black soldier flies, by optimizing the ratio and treatment of feed sources and carrier materials, and controlling the breeding environment conditions, to improve the growth efficiency and yield of black soldier fly larvae. Specifically, the method uses kitchen waste and agricultural by-products as feed, and ensures the nutritional balance of the feed by accurately adjusting the crushing particle size and moisture content, combined with nutritional supplements. At the same time, a specific fermentation agent is used to aerobic ferment the feed to enhance the nutritional value and biocompatibility of the feed. In the preparation of the carrier material, by mixing different agricultural wastes and minerals, and through puffing, sintering and other process treatments, a carrier suitable for the growth of black soldier fly larvae is produced. In addition, by controlling the temperature and humidity during the breeding process, and monitoring the growth of the larvae, the fine management of the black soldier fly breeding process is achieved. Finally, the breeding waste is converted into organic fertilizer, completing the recycling of resources, and reflecting the sustainability of ecological breeding.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is as follows:

[0047] Step 1, selecting kitchen waste and agricultural by-products as feed sources for black soldier fly larvae, wherein the agricultural by-products are potato residues, tussah moth residues, mushroom bran, corn stalks, and bean dregs in a weight ratio of 4:1:7:4:15, crushing these feeds, wherein the particle size of the kitchen waste after crushing is not more than 3 cm, and the particle size of the agricultural by-product after crushing is not more than 1.5 cm, adjusting the moisture content to 65%, and balancing the nutritional ratio of the feed by adding nutritional supplements, wherein the nutritional supplements are corn flour, wheat bran, and fish meal in a weight ratio of 9:3:2, and the kitchen waste, agricultural by-products, and nutritional supplements are in a weight ratio of 7:5:1, to obtain pre-treated organic waste to meet the nutritional needs and growth environment of black soldier fly larvae;

[0048] Step 2: Mix the pretreated organic waste prepared in step 1 with the carrier material in a weight ratio of 8:2 to form a feed matrix suitable for the growth of black soldier fly larvae; use a special fermentation agent to aerobically ferment the feed matrix at 35° C. for 5 days, wherein the special fermentation agent is composed of Candida utilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 4:2:1, and 500 g of the special fermentation agent is sprayed per 100 kg of the feed matrix to improve the nutritional value and biocompatibility of the feed, thereby obtaining a post-processed feed;

[0049] Step 3, at a temperature of 28° C., hatching black soldier fly eggs into larvae, placing the hatched larvae on post-processing feed, inoculating 3 kg of black soldier fly larvae in 100 kg of post-processing feed, maintaining a temperature of 28° C., setting the relative humidity to 70%, promoting larval growth, and checking the growth of the larvae every day; when the larvae enter the prepupae stage, collecting mature black soldier fly pupae or adults for the production of high-protein feed or other products; fermenting the waste generated during the breeding process and converting it into organic fertilizer, wherein the waste is unused feed and insect feces.

[0050] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0051] S1. Dry rice husk and cottonseed meal at 50° C., crush them, and sieve them through 100 mesh to obtain rice husk particles and cottonseed meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 120° C., a screw speed of 150 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20 mm; mix the obtained particles in a weight ratio of 3:1, add them to a 0.6 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 5 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0052] S2, crushing the vermiculite, sieving, collecting vermiculite particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes; adding the vermiculite particles, cellulose and animal bone powder into the reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, stirring for 30 minutes; heating to 120°C and drying for 30 minutes, then sintering at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0053] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 6:4; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a hollow diameter of 3 mm; dry the formed carrier at 60°C to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0056] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0057] S1. Dry the spent grains and cottonseed meal at 50° C., crush them, and sieve them through 100 mesh to obtain spent grains and cottonseed meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 120° C., a screw speed of 150 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20 mm; mix the obtained particles in a weight ratio of 3:1, add them to a 0.6 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 5 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0058] S2, crushing the vermiculite, sieving, collecting vermiculite particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes; adding the vermiculite particles, cellulose and animal bone powder into the reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, stirring for 30 minutes; heating to 120°C and drying for 30 minutes, then sintering at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0059] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 6:4; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a hollow diameter of 3 mm; dry the formed carrier at 60°C to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0062] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0063] S1. Dry rice husk and peanut meal at 50°C, crush and sieve through 100 mesh to obtain rice husk particles and peanut meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand at 120°C, a screw speed of 150r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20mm; mix the obtained particles in a weight ratio of 3:1, add them into a 0.6mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 5 hours, then wash with water until neutral, and dry to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0064] S2, crushing the vermiculite, sieving, collecting vermiculite particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes; adding the vermiculite particles, cellulose and animal bone powder into the reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, stirring for 30 minutes; heating to 120°C and drying for 30 minutes, then sintering at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0065] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 6:4; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a hollow diameter of 3 mm; dry the formed carrier at 60°C to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0068] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0069] S1. Dry rice husk and soybean meal at 50°C, crush them, and sieve them through 100 mesh to obtain rice husk particles and soybean meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 120°C, a screw speed of 150r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20mm; mix the obtained particles in a weight ratio of 3:1, add them to a 0.6mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 5 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0070] S2, crushing the vermiculite, sieving, collecting vermiculite particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes; adding the vermiculite particles, cellulose and animal bone powder into the reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, stirring for 30 minutes; heating to 120°C and drying for 30 minutes, then sintering at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0071] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 6:4; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a hollow diameter of 3 mm; dry the formed carrier at 60°C to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0074] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0075] S1. Dry rice husk and cottonseed meal at 50° C., crush them, and sieve them through 100 mesh to obtain rice husk particles and cottonseed meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 120° C., a screw speed of 150 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20 mm; mix the obtained particles in a weight ratio of 3:1, add them to a 0.6 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 5 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0076] S2, crushing the perlite, sieving, collecting perlite particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes; adding the perlite particles, cellulose and animal bone powder into the reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, stirring for 30 minutes; heating to 120°C and drying for 30 minutes, then sintering at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0077] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 6:4; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a hollow diameter of 3 mm; dry the formed carrier at 60°C to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0080] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0081] S1. Dry rice husk and cottonseed meal at 50° C., crush them, and sieve them through 100 mesh to obtain rice husk particles and cottonseed meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 120° C., a screw speed of 150 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20 mm; mix the obtained particles in a weight ratio of 3:1, add them to a 0.6 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 5 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0082] S2, crushing the zeolite, sieving, collecting zeolite particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes; adding the zeolite particles, cellulose and animal bone powder into the reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, stirring for 30 minutes; heating to 120°C and drying for 30 minutes, then sintering at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0083] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 6:4; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a hollow diameter of 3 mm; dry the formed carrier at 60°C to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0086] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0087] S1. Dry rice husk and cottonseed meal at 50° C., crush them, and sieve them through 100 mesh to obtain rice husk particles and cottonseed meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 120° C., a screw speed of 150 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20 mm; mix the obtained particles in a weight ratio of 3:1, add them to a 0.6 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 5 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier;

[0088] S2, crushing the slag, sieving, collecting slag particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes; adding the slag particles, cellulose and animal bone powder into the reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, stirring for 30 minutes; heating to 120°C and drying for 30 minutes, then sintering at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles;

[0089] S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 6:4; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a hollow diameter of 3 mm; dry the formed carrier at 60°C to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0092] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0093] Rice husk and cottonseed meal were dried at 50° C., crushed, and sieved with 100 mesh to obtain rice husk particles and cottonseed meal particles; extrusion was performed using a screw extruder at 120° C., a screw speed of 150 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 20 mm; the obtained particles were mixed in a weight ratio of 3:1, added to a 0.6 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirred for 5 hours, then washed with water to neutrality, and dried to obtain a mixed carrier; the mixed carrier was pressed into a cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 20 mm; the formed carrier was dried at 60° C. to constant weight; the pH value was checked to ensure that it was neutral, and a carrier material was obtained.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being the preparation method of the carrier material.

[0096] The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows:

[0097] The vermiculite was crushed, sieved, and vermiculite particles with a particle size between 10 and 60 meshes were collected; the vermiculite particles, cellulose and animal bone powder were added into a reactor at a mass ratio of 4:1:2, and stirred for 30 minutes; the temperature was raised to 120°C and dried for 30 minutes, and then sintered at 400°C for 10 minutes, and cooled to room temperature to obtain sintered particles; the sintered particles were pressed into a cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 20 mm; the formed carrier was dried at 60°C to constant weight; the pH value was checked to ensure that it was neutral, and the carrier material was obtained.

[0098] Comparative Example 3

[0099] An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste is as follows:

[0100] Step 1, selecting kitchen waste and agricultural by-products as feed sources for black soldier fly larvae, wherein the agricultural by-products are potato residues, tussah moth residues, mushroom bran, corn stalks, and bean dregs in a weight ratio of 4:1:7:4:15, crushing these feeds, wherein the particle size of the kitchen waste after crushing is not more than 3 cm, and the particle size of the agricultural by-product after crushing is not more than 1.5 cm, adjusting the moisture content to 65%, and balancing the nutritional ratio of the feed by adding nutritional supplements, wherein the nutritional supplements are corn flour, wheat bran, and fish meal in a weight ratio of 9:3:2, and the kitchen waste, agricultural by-products, and nutritional supplements are in a weight ratio of 7:5:1, to obtain pre-treated organic waste to meet the nutritional needs and growth environment of black soldier fly larvae;

[0101] Step 2, aerobic fermentation of the pretreated organic waste prepared in step 1 with a special fermentation agent at 35° C. for 5 days on a feed matrix, wherein the special fermentation agent is composed of Candida utilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 4:2:1, and 500 g of the special fermentation agent is sprayed on every 100 kg of the pretreated organic waste to improve the nutritional value and biocompatibility of the feed, thereby obtaining a post-treated feed;

[0102] Step 3, at a temperature of 28° C., hatching black soldier fly eggs into larvae, placing the hatched larvae on post-processing feed, inoculating 3 kg of black soldier fly larvae in 100 kg of post-processing feed, maintaining a temperature of 28° C., setting the relative humidity to 70%, promoting larval growth, and checking the growth of the larvae every day; when the larvae enter the prepupae stage, collecting mature black soldier fly pupae or adults for the production of high-protein feed or other products; fermenting the waste generated during the breeding process and converting it into organic fertilizer, wherein the waste is unused feed and insect feces.

[0103] Test Example 1

[0104] Black soldier fly growth detection

[0105] In the process of evaluating the growth performance of black soldier flies, we measure the growth efficiency by monitoring the weight changes of black soldier fly larvae under specific culture conditions. The specific steps are as follows:

[0106] 1. Initial weight record: At the beginning of the experiment, the weight of the selected black soldier fly larvae was measured and recorded as m1 (unit: g).

[0107] 2. Cultivation period: The larvae are placed in a predetermined cultivation environment for cultivation.

[0108] 3. Final weight record: After the culture period, the weight of the same batch of black soldier flies is measured again and recorded as m2 (unit: grams).

[0109] 4. Growth efficiency calculation: The growth efficiency of black soldier flies is calculated using the following formula:

[0110] λ=(m2-m1) / m1×100%

[0111] Wherein, λ represents the relative growth rate of the weight of black soldier flies, m1 is the weight before culture, and m2 is the weight after culture.

[0112] 5. Repeatability test: To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data, each experimental condition was tested three times and the average value was taken as the final result.

[0113] 6. Result analysis: The obtained data were collated and analyzed to evaluate the effects of different culture conditions on the growth efficiency of black soldier flies.

[0114] Through this method, we can effectively evaluate the growth of black soldier flies in different culture media and provide a scientific basis for optimizing breeding conditions.

[0115] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0116]

[0117] Test Example 2

[0118] Black soldier fly yield test

[0119] For the breeding methods of each embodiment of the present invention and the comparative example, the yield of mature black soldier fly pupae or adults was recorded based on 100 kg of post-processed feed. Each group was tested three times and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0120]

[0121] It can be seen from test examples 1-2 that the relative growth rate and yield of the black soldier fly ecological breeding method obtained in Example 1 of the present invention are the highest.

[0122] In Example 1 of the present invention, rice husk is used as the main component of the carrier material. Compared with the spent grains in Example 2, the high cellulose content of rice husk and the porous structure after expansion treatment may be more conducive to improving the growth environment of black soldier fly larvae, enhancing air permeability and water retention, thereby promoting the healthy growth of larvae and increasing yield. In addition, the chemical treatment of rice husk may increase its nutrient availability and further improve the breeding efficiency. The combined effect of these factors makes Example 1 perform better in terms of the relative growth rate and yield of black soldier flies.

[0123] In Example 1 of the present invention, cottonseed meal is used as a component of the carrier material. Compared with the peanut meal in Example 3 and the soybean meal in Example 4, the unique nutritional components and physical properties of cottonseed meal may provide a better growth environment for black soldier fly larvae. Cottonseed meal is rich in protein and oil, which are easier to be decomposed by microorganisms and absorbed by larvae after puffing, thereby promoting the rapid growth of larvae and increasing yield. In addition, the fiber structure of cottonseed meal may help to form a good ventilation and water retention environment, which is crucial for maintaining the health of the breeding matrix. Therefore, the use of cottonseed meal in Example 1 may be a key factor leading to a higher relative weight growth rate and yield.

[0124] In embodiment 1 of the present invention, vermiculite is used as the component of carrier material, compared with the perlite, zeolite and slag used in other embodiments, it is possible that because of the unique physical and chemical characteristics of vermiculite, a more suitable growth environment is provided for black soldier fly larvae. Vermiculite has higher water absorption and water retention, which helps to maintain the humidity of the culture substrate, and its porous structure increases air permeability, provides good conditions for microbial activity, and promotes the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrition. In addition, the chemical stability and lower density of vermiculite may also help to improve the comfort and growth efficiency of larvae. These factors combined effect may be the reason causing the relative growth rate and output of black soldier flies in embodiment 1. In contrast, perlite, zeolite and slag may not be as good as vermiculite in water absorption, air permeability or chemical stability, and the difference of these characteristics may have caused their performance differences in the cultivation of black soldier flies larvae.

[0125] In Example 1 of the present invention, the relative weight growth rate and yield of black soldier fly larvae are maximized by a carefully designed carrier material preparation method. This method creates a feed matrix that is conducive to nutrient release and suitable for microbial activity by combining the puffing treatment of rice husks and cottonseed meal, the adjustment of alkaline conditions, and the sintering process of minerals such as vermiculite. In addition, the introduction of special fermentation bacteria further enhances the biological activity of the matrix, and the maintenance of a neutral pH value provides a stable growth environment for the larvae. In contrast, the comparative method that does not adopt these comprehensive measures has low growth efficiency and yield due to the lack of optimized physical structure and biological activity. Therefore, the carrier material preparation method of Example 1 significantly improves the growth performance of black soldier fly larvae through multi-faceted synergistic effects, demonstrating its potential application value in ecological breeding.

Claims

1. An ecological breeding method for black soldier flies based on organic waste, characterized in that: Here’s how: Step 1: Selecting restaurant kitchen waste and agricultural by-products as feed sources for black soldier fly larvae, crushing the feed, adjusting the moisture content, and balancing the nutritional ratio of the feed by adding nutritional supplements to obtain pre-treated organic waste to meet the nutritional needs and growth environment of the black soldier fly larvae; Step 2: mixing the pretreated organic waste prepared in step 1 with a carrier material to form a feed matrix suitable for the growth of black soldier fly larvae; aerobic fermentation of the feed matrix is ​​performed using a special fermentation agent, and 400-600 g of the special fermentation agent is sprayed per 100 kg of the feed matrix to improve the nutritional value and biocompatibility of the feed, thereby obtaining a post-processed feed; Step 3, at a temperature of 25-30° C., hatching black soldier fly eggs into larvae, placing the hatched larvae on post-processing feed, inoculating 2-4 kg of black soldier fly larvae in 100 kg of post-processing feed, maintaining a temperature of 25-30° C., and setting the relative humidity to 60-75% to promote larval growth, and checking the growth of the larvae every day; when the larvae enter the prepupae stage, collecting mature black soldier fly pupae or adults for the production of high-protein feed or other products; fermenting the waste generated during the breeding process and converting it into organic fertilizer, wherein the waste is unused feed and insect feces; The preparation method of the carrier material is as follows: S1. Dry rice husk and cottonseed meal at 40-60° C., crush them, and sieve them through 50-200 meshes to obtain rice husk particles and cottonseed meal particles; use a screw extruder to extrude and expand them at 100-130° C., a screw speed of 120-180 r / min, and a die hole diameter of 15-25 mm; mix the obtained particles at a weight ratio of 2-4:1, add them to a 0.5-0.8 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir for 2-8 hours, then wash them with water until neutral, and dry them to obtain a mixed carrier; S2, crushing the vermiculite, sieving, and collecting vermiculite particles with a particle size between 5 and 100 meshes; adding the vermiculite particles, cellulose, and animal bone powder into a reactor at a mass ratio of 3-5:0.5-2:1-3, and stirring for 20-40 minutes; heating to 100-130°C and drying for 20-40 minutes, and then sintering at 300-500°C for 5-15 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sintered particles; S3. Mix the mixed carrier prepared in step S1 and the sintered particles prepared in step S2 in a mass ratio of 5-7:3-5; press the mixture into a hollow cylindrical carrier with a diameter of 5-15 mm, a length of 10-30 mm, and a hollow diameter of 1-4 mm; dry the formed carrier at 50-70° C. to constant weight; check the pH value to ensure that it is neutral, and obtain the carrier material.

2. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the agricultural by-products are potato residues, tussah moth residues, mushroom chaff, corn stalks, and bean dregs in a weight ratio of 3-5:0.5-2:6-8:3-5:12-18.

3. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the kitchen waste after being crushed in step 1 is no more than 3 cm, and the particle size of the agricultural by-product after being crushed is no more than 1.5 cm.

4. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-75%.

5. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the nutritional supplement material is composed of corn flour, wheat bran and fish meal in a weight ratio of 8-10:2-4:1-3.

6. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the kitchen waste, agricultural by-products and nutritional supplements are composed in a weight ratio of 6-8:4-6:0.5-2.

7. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreated organic waste prepared in step 1 is mixed with the carrier material in a weight ratio of 7-9:1-3.

8. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special fermentation bacteria in step 2 are composed of Candida utilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:0.5-2.

9. The method for ecological breeding of black soldier flies based on organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerobic fermentation in step 2 is carried out at 30-40° C. for 2-10 days.

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