High-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration drying system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration drying system and method, and the system comprises a centrifugal unit which is characterized in that a motor drives a centrifugal tube rack to rotate at a rotating speed of at least 1400 rpm, and a sample is fixed in a centrifugal tube through centrifugal force; according to the vacuum system, a vacuum pump is connected to the interior of the centrifugal unit through a vacuum pipeline and used for forming a low-pressure environment in the centrifugal unit and monitoring and adjusting the air pressure in the centrifugal unit in real time through a vacuum control unit; according to the heating unit, a heating piece is tightly attached to the outer surface of an inner container of the centrifugal unit and used for providing heat to make up energy consumed by solvent evaporation, and a temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating piece in real time through a temperature sensor and automatically adjusts power output of the heating piece so as to maintain a preset temperature curve. The invention provides an efficient and reliable solution for concentration and drying of samples by comprehensively utilizing high-speed centrifugation, vacuum technology, accurate heating and motor rotating speed control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sample processing and concentration, and in particular to a high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid progress of modern science and technology, especially in the fields of biology, chemistry, pharmaceuticals and food, the requirements for sample processing technology are becoming increasingly stringent. As key steps in these fields, sample concentration and drying play an irreplaceable role in improving experimental accuracy, shortening production cycles and ensuring product quality. However, for a long time, traditional concentration and drying methods, such as high-temperature heating and long-term natural air drying, have met basic needs to a certain extent, but their inherent limitations have become increasingly prominent.

[0003] Specifically, traditional methods generally face major problems such as low efficiency, serious sample loss, lengthy processing cycles, and incompatibility with heat-sensitive samples. High-temperature treatment not only easily destroys the active ingredients and volatile compounds of the sample, affecting the quality and efficacy of the final product, but also particularly limits its application in sensitive fields such as biological products, drug development, and extraction of high-value chemical components. In addition, the long processing process also increases the risk of sample contamination, further reducing the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.

[0004] In order to overcome these technical bottlenecks, researchers are constantly exploring new sample processing strategies. One important attempt is to lower the processing temperature to reduce thermal damage to the sample and try to shorten the processing time by optimizing the process flow. However, although simply relying on lowering the temperature can protect the sample to a certain extent, it is often accompanied by a significant decrease in drying efficiency, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of efficient and rapid processing.

[0005] High-speed centrifugation technology, as a cutting-edge and efficient separation and concentration method, plays a vital role in modern sample processing. This technology uses the strong centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation to quickly and thoroughly separate the liquid phase inside the sample from the solid phase or other phases, greatly shortening the processing time. At the same time, it ensures that the sample is firmly retained in the centrifuge tube throughout the process, effectively avoiding splashing or accidental loss of the sample, which is especially important for processing precious or highly sensitive samples. However, in the face of increasingly complex and diverse sample processing needs, simple centrifugation technology often seems to be unable to cope with it. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention proposes a high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system and method to solve the problems of low efficiency, easy damage to samples, and unsuitability for heat-sensitive materials in the conventional concentration and drying technology in the prior art.

[0007] The specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0008] A high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system, comprising:

[0009] A centrifugal unit, including a motor, a centrifugal tube rack and a control system; the motor drives the centrifugal tube rack to rotate at a speed of at least 1400 rpm, and fixes the sample in the centrifugal tube by centrifugal force to prevent the sample from erupting or spilling during the processing;

[0010] A vacuum system, comprising a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipeline and a vacuum control unit; the vacuum pump is connected to the inside of the centrifugal unit through the vacuum pipeline, and is used to form a low-pressure environment inside the centrifugal unit, and the vacuum control unit monitors and adjusts the air pressure in the centrifugal unit in real time to accelerate the evaporation of the solvent in the sample;

[0011] The heating unit includes a heating plate and a temperature control system. The heating plate is tightly fitted to the outer surface of the inner tank of the centrifugal unit to provide heat to compensate for the energy consumed by solvent evaporation. The temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating plate in real time through a temperature sensor, and automatically adjusts the power output of the heating plate to maintain a preset temperature curve.

[0012] Furthermore, the motor is connected to the control system via an encoder to provide real-time feedback of the actual speed of the motor. The control system automatically adjusts the speed of the motor based on the feedback speed information to ensure that the motor runs at a stable target speed.

[0013] Furthermore, the vacuum control unit includes an air pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure in the centrifugal unit in real time, and controlling the working state of the vacuum pump by comparing with a preset target air pressure to maintain the air pressure in the centrifugal unit stable.

[0014] Furthermore, the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating plate in real time through temperature sensors installed inside and outside the centrifugal unit, and automatically adjusts the power output of the heating plate according to the temperature difference to maintain the sample within a preset temperature range.

[0015] Furthermore, the control system is integrated into the computer software interface for setting and displaying the rotation speed of the motor, the target air pressure of the vacuum system and the target temperature of the heating unit, thereby achieving closed-loop control of the motor speed, air pressure and temperature.

[0016] Furthermore, the centrifugal unit also includes a Hall encoder for speed measurement and speed regulation to ensure that the motor can rotate at a stable target speed of 1400 rpm, thereby achieving precise control of the sample centrifugation process.

[0017] Furthermore, the vacuum system also includes an air pressure control software interface, which allows the user to set the target air pressure value and monitor and display the actual air pressure in the vacuum barrel in real time. The operation of the air pump is controlled through the software interface to achieve precise adjustment of the air pressure.

[0018] Furthermore, the air pressure control software interface can handle the target air pressure setting that is higher than the indoor air pressure. When the target air pressure is higher than the indoor air pressure, the system stops the air pump and starts the temperature heating control part to meet the application requirements of a specific temperature environment.

[0019] Furthermore, the heating unit also includes a constant temperature control logic. When a deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature is detected, the system can automatically adjust the power output of the heating or cooling device to quickly respond to and correct the temperature deviation, thereby keeping the internal temperature of the vacuum barrel constant near the preset value.

[0020] A high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying method, using the above-mentioned high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system, the method comprises the following steps:

[0021] Step 1, on an Arduino-based electronic prototype platform, set the target speed of the motor to at least 1400 rpm through a computer software interface, start the motor control program, make the centrifuge tube rack rotate stably at the speed, and use an encoder to monitor and display the motor speed in real time to ensure that the sample is effectively fixed in the centrifuge tube by centrifugal force;

[0022] Step 2, on the same software interface, set the target air pressure value and start the air pressure control program; if the target air pressure is lower than the current indoor air pressure, the vacuum pump starts working through the vacuum pipeline to evacuate the inside of the centrifugal unit until the set target air pressure value is reached and maintained, and at the same time the vacuum control unit monitors and adjusts the air pressure in the centrifugal unit in real time to form a stable low-pressure environment;

[0023] Step 3, set the target temperature value on the software interface and start the temperature control program; if the target temperature is higher than the current room temperature, the heating plate in the heating unit starts to work, and the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating plate in real time through the temperature sensor, and automatically adjusts the power output of the heating plate to maintain the preset temperature curve, such as stabilizing the temperature at 60°C, thereby providing sufficient heat to accelerate the evaporation of the solvent in the sample;

[0024] Step 4: Continuously monitor the motor speed, the air pressure in the centrifugal unit, and the temperature of the sample through the software interface to ensure that each parameter is within a preset range until the concentration and drying process of the sample is completed.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. Significantly improve processing efficiency: High-speed centrifugation technology combined with a vacuum environment allows the liquid phase in the sample to be quickly separated under the action of centrifugal force. At the same time, the vacuum reduces the boiling point of the solvent and accelerates the evaporation of the solvent at a lower temperature, thereby greatly shortening the concentration and drying time of the sample and improving the overall processing efficiency.

[0027] 2. Protect sample characteristics: The vacuum environment effectively avoids the damage of high temperature to heat-sensitive samples and protects the chemical structure and biological activity of the samples. At the same time, precise temperature control ensures that the samples are processed at the optimal temperature, further reducing the degradation or denaturation of the samples that may occur due to high temperature treatment.

[0028] 3. Reduce sample loss: During high-speed centrifugation, the sample is firmly fixed in the centrifuge tube, avoiding sample splashing or loss, improving sample recovery rate and processing accuracy, and is especially suitable for processing precious or sensitive samples.

[0029] 4. Enhanced processing flexibility: The system has precise heating control and motor speed adjustment functions. It can flexibly adjust the heating temperature and centrifugal speed according to the characteristics and processing requirements of different samples, realize personalized processing solutions, and meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0030] 5. Improve processing quality: By comprehensively utilizing high-speed centrifugation, vacuum technology, precise heating and motor speed control, the system can ensure that samples are concentrated and dried under optimal conditions, effectively improving the quality of processed samples and reducing impurity residues and component loss.

[0031] 6. Enhanced operational safety: The entire sample processing process is carried out in a closed system, which reduces the risk of leakage of harmful solvents or volatile substances and improves the safety of operators. At the same time, the system's automated control reduces the possibility of human operational errors and further ensures the smooth progress of experiments and production.

[0032] 7. Wide applicability: The system is not only suitable for sample processing in laboratory research, but also widely used in material concentration and drying in industrial production, providing efficient and reliable technical support for multiple fields and promoting technological progress and industrial upgrading in related industries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the application code of the control system of the centrifugal unit of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3It is a partial schematic diagram of the application code of the temperature control system of the heating unit of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] The present application combines vacuum technology with high-speed centrifugal technology to propose a high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system and method.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the design of the system of the present invention includes three core parts: a centrifugal unit, a vacuum system, and a heating unit, which work together to achieve efficient and safe sample concentration and drying processing.

[0040] The centrifugal unit is one of the core components of the high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system. Its main function is to fix the sample in the centrifuge tube through the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation to prevent the sample from erupting or overflowing during the processing process. The centrifugal unit includes a high-precision motor, a centrifuge tube rack and a control system. The high-precision motor is the driving core of the centrifugal unit, which can achieve extremely high speeds and thus provide strong centrifugal force. The centrifuge tube rack is used to fix the sample container to ensure that the sample remains stable during high-speed rotation (the speed is maintained at 1400rpm). In order to achieve precise control, the centrifugal unit is equipped with an advanced control system that can monitor and adjust the motor speed in real time to ensure the smooth progress of the centrifugation process. In actual operation, the user places the sample to be processed in the centrifuge tube and starts the centrifuge unit. As the motor starts to rotate at high speed, the centrifugal force makes the sample close to the wall of the centrifuge tube to form a uniform distribution. This centrifugal force can not only effectively fix the sample, but also accelerate the separation process of the solution and the solvent, providing ideal initial conditions for subsequent vacuum evaporation and concentration and drying.

[0041] The vacuum system is a vital component of the high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system. Its main function is to form a low-pressure environment inside the centrifuge through the action of the vacuum pump. The vacuum system includes a high-efficiency vacuum pump, vacuum piping and vacuum control unit to ensure that the entire process is carried out under stable vacuum conditions. The high-efficiency vacuum pump is the core of the system, which can quickly reduce the air pressure in the centrifugal chamber. When the pressure is reduced, the boiling point of the solvent in the sample is reduced accordingly, allowing the solvent to evaporate quickly at a lower temperature. This not only improves the evaporation efficiency of the solvent, but also avoids potential damage to the sample by high temperature. The vacuum pipeline connects the vacuum pump and the centrifugal chamber to ensure uniform distribution of vacuum and prevent air leakage. The vacuum control unit monitors the pressure in the centrifugal chamber in real time through precise sensors, and adjusts the working state of the vacuum pump through a feedback mechanism to maintain stable pressure. This precise control not only optimizes the speed of solvent evaporation, but also ensures the safety and reliability of the entire concentration and drying process.

[0042] The heating unit is an important component of the high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system. Its main function is to provide the necessary heat to make up for the energy consumed by the evaporation of the solvent, accelerate the evaporation rate of the solvent, and finally achieve the concentration and drying of the sample. The unit unit includes a heating plate and a temperature control system. The heating plate is the core component of the heating unit. It is designed to fit closely to the outer surface of the centrifuge liner to ensure uniform and efficient heat transfer. The heating plate is usually made of high thermal conductivity materials, has good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and can work stably for a long time under different operating conditions. By precisely controlling the temperature of the heating plate, it can be ensured that the sample is kept within a suitable temperature range during the centrifugation process to avoid overheating damage. The temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating plate in real time through temperature sensors installed inside and outside the centrifugal chamber. According to the information fed back by the sensor, the temperature control system can automatically adjust the power output of the heating plate to maintain the preset temperature curve. This precise temperature control mechanism not only improves the efficiency of sample processing, but also ensures the consistency of processing of different types of samples.

[0043] The control flow of this application method is as follows:

[0044] Motor control part: Because this system needs to simulate a process of continuous rotation of a motor, the rotation speed of the motor can be set in the computer software interface. At the same time, the motor speed is measured by the encoder and the motor rotation speed can be displayed on the software interface. Set the target speed to 1400rpm, and then run the corresponding program. It can be observed on the result table that the speed increases steadily until it remains unchanged at 1400rpm.

[0045] Air pressure control operation flow: In the computer software interface, if the set target air pressure is lower than the indoor air pressure, the air pump starts to work and pumps the air pressure in the vacuum barrel until it reaches the corresponding target air pressure, and the software interface displays the corresponding target air pressure. However, if the set target air pressure is higher than the indoor air pressure, the air pump stops working, but the temperature heating control part starts working.

[0046] Temperature control operation flow: After turning on the switch to control temperature and air pressure, the corresponding temperature can be changed and set through the program written in the computer software interface. If the set target temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, the temperature heating part starts to work and the air pump does not work. However, if the set target temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the temperature heating part does not work and the air pump starts to work. When the red dot of the switch is continuously lit, it means that it is heating. During work, the software interface can display the corresponding temperature size, and when the required temperature is reached, the temperature can be kept unchanged (for example: 60℃).

[0047] The system of this application is based on Arduino, an electronic prototyping platform that allows simple software and hardware to create various interactive projects. The core of Arduino is a microcontroller board that can connect various sensors, actuators, displays and other external devices through a series of pins.

[0048] For the centrifugal unit of the present invention:

[0049] (1) Motor selection: This system needs to simulate the centrifugal process by continuously rotating the motor to a fixed value (1400rpm). The selection of motor and related components is crucial. After consulting relevant information and combining the actual situation, it was decided to use a 2808 type motor. The 2808 motor is a brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its main features are: 1. The design of the 2808 motor enables it to provide higher output power at lower energy consumption, which is suitable for application scenarios with high energy efficiency requirements. 2. Due to the brushless design, the 2808 motor reduces mechanical friction and wear, extending the service life of the motor. 3. The noise generated by the brushless motor during operation is lower than that of the brushed motor.

[0050] (2) Encoder usage: This system uses the Hall (AS5600) encoder. The Hall encoder is a sensor that consists of a Hall code disk (magnetic ring) and a Hall element. It converts the mechanical geometric displacement on the output shaft into pulses or digital quantities through magneto-electric conversion. The Hall code disk has different magnetic poles arranged equally on a circular plate of a certain diameter, which is coaxial with the motor. When the motor rotates, the Hall element detects and outputs a number of pulse signals. In order to determine the direction of rotation, it generally outputs two sets of square wave signals with a certain phase difference. The use of the above encoder can achieve the functions of speed measurement and speed regulation, so that the final motor rotation speed reaches the target speed (1400rpm).

[0051] (3) Closed-loop control of motor rotation: Figure 2 As shown, the purpose of this code segment is to control the closed-loop speed of the motor of the vacuum centrifuge barrel. The core purpose of the whole system is to ensure that the motor can run at a stable target speed (1400rpm). Two speed values ​​are initially set, speed_a is the current speed of the motor, and speed_b is the target speed we want the motor to reach. In order to monitor and adjust the speed, the interrupt function of Arduino is used to measure the actual speed through an encoder and an external interrupt (attachInterrupt function). Whenever the encoder signal is detected (for example, the level rise caused by the bulge of the encoder), the interrupt service program (timer function) will be executed. The program is responsible for counting and calculating the number of encoder pulses in the past time when the 100ms interval is reached, thereby calculating the actual speed of the motor.

[0052] In the setup function, the AIN1 and AIN2 pins are configured as outputs to control the direction of the motor's rotation, while the PWMA pin is configured as an output to control the motor's speed (PWM signal). The motor's speed is changed by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal. In addition, the system uses a timer (using the millis() function) to evaluate the relationship between the motor's actual speed (converted pulse count) and the target speed at the end of each cycle, and adjusts the strength of the PWM signal (i.e., the speed_a variable) accordingly to accelerate or decelerate, thereby achieving closed-loop control.

[0053] During specific operation, the motor starts at the speed set by speed_a. Whenever the external interrupt 0 (the specific pin of the Arduino platform may vary depending on the version) detects the rising edge signal of the encoder, the interrupt service program will be triggered to count pulses and record time. Once the timing reaches 100ms, the program will calculate the actual speed of the motor during this period and send this data to the serial port. At the same time, based on the difference between the real-time speed and the target speed, the intensity of the PWM signal (that is, the speed of the motor) is automatically adjusted to approach the target speed. This process will continue to cycle, ensuring that the motor can run stably at the target speed (1400rpm).

[0054] In this way, the system can dynamically adjust the motor speed, that is, use the real-time speed information fed back by the encoder to control the PWM signal, thereby achieving the purpose of closed-loop control. This system can not only monitor the actual operating status of the motor in real time, but also automatically adjust when the speed deviates from the target value to ensure stable motor output and meet the vacuum centrifuge barrel's demand for precise speed control during operation.

[0055] (4) Analysis of centrifuge test results: During the centrifuge test of the vacuum centrifuge bucket, the collected data was analyzed and showed that the motor control system achieved the set target speed (1400 rpm) and the motor operated stably throughout the test.

[0056] The data used in the test focused on the speed measurement after the motor reached a stable operating state. The data records show that during the test period, the average motor speed was close to 1400rpm, and the specific value fluctuated between 1385rpm and 1410rpm. The speed within this fluctuation range shows that the closed-loop control of the system is effective and can effectively maintain the set speed even in the face of potential disturbances and load changes. The following is a specific data table of the motor speed:

[0057]

[0058] The table shows that in five consecutive measurements, the motor speed remained almost close to the target value, showing the high stability and reliability of the system. In addition, through the effective adjustment of the closed-loop control system, the slight deviation of the speed was quickly corrected, ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of the centrifugal process.

[0059] In summary, through the analysis of the centrifugal test results, it can be seen that the 2808 model motor and its closed-loop control system have demonstrated high energy efficiency, excellent stability and precise speed control capabilities in the application of vacuum centrifuge barrels, meeting the experimental requirements for equipment performance. This provides important data support for future operations and lays the foundation for further optimizing system performance and improving operational efficiency.

[0060] For the vacuum system of the present invention:

[0061] (1) Implementation process of vacuum system: In this system, the operation process of air pressure control is carried out through an intuitive computer software interface. Users can set the required target air pressure on the software interface to achieve precise control of the sample environment air pressure.

[0062] 1. Set the target air pressure: The user first enters the desired target air pressure value in the software interface. The system will immediately compare the set target air pressure with the current indoor air pressure. If the set target air pressure is lower than the indoor air pressure, the system will automatically start the air pump to reduce the air pressure in the vacuum tank.

[0063] 2. Start the air pump: Once the target air pressure is detected to be lower than the indoor air pressure, the air pump will start. The air pump begins to extract the air in the vacuum barrel, gradually reducing the internal air pressure. The entire air extraction process is gradual and controlled. The system will continuously monitor the air pressure changes in the vacuum barrel to ensure that the air pressure can be steadily reduced to the set value. During this process, the software interface displays the current air pressure value in real time and provides progress feedback, so that users can clearly see the dynamics of air pressure changes.

[0064] 3. Reaching the target air pressure: When the air pump works to reduce the air pressure in the vacuum tank to the set target air pressure, the system will automatically stop the operation of the air pump. At this time, the software interface will display a prompt message "The target air pressure has been reached" and indicate the current air pressure value. The user can confirm whether the air pressure has reached the expected set value through the interface.

[0065] 4. Handling target air pressure higher than indoor air pressure: If the target air pressure set by the user on the software interface is higher than the current indoor air pressure, the system will not start the air pump. Instead, the air pump stops working to avoid unnecessary extraction of the air pressure in the vacuum tank. At the same time, the temperature heating control part starts working. This function is to cope with application scenarios that require a specific temperature environment.

[0066] 5. Summary: Through the operation of the computer software interface, users can easily set and monitor the air pressure control process. Whether it is reducing the air pressure to the target value or starting the temperature heating control when it is necessary to be higher than the indoor air pressure, the system can automatically and efficiently complete the operation to ensure that the sample is processed under the best environmental conditions. This precise air pressure and temperature control provides reliable technical support for the experimental and production processes.

[0067] (2) Principle of air pressure calculation: The BME280 air pressure measurement principle is based on micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, which enables the BME280 to integrate temperature, humidity and air pressure sensors on a very small chip. For air pressure measurement, the BME280 uses a principle based on capacitance changes. Specifically, the chip contains a tiny air pressure sensitive element, which is a capacitive sensor, and its capacitance value changes with changes in external air pressure.

[0068] When the external air pressure increases, the film on the pressure sensitive element will be subjected to greater pressure, causing the film to deform slightly, and this deformation will cause the capacitance to change. The circuit inside the BME280 will detect this tiny capacitance change and convert this physical change into an electrical signal through a high-precision analog-to-digital converter, and then process and correct these signals through the internal processing unit, and finally output the accurate air pressure value.

[0069] The design of BME280 allows it to communicate with an external host controller (such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc.) through an I2C or SPI communication interface, making it very convenient to read the ambient air pressure. By accurately measuring and processing air pressure data, BME280 is not only suitable for meteorological monitoring, environmental monitoring and smart home, but also can provide support for various industrial and scientific research applications by accurately controlling air pressure in vacuum systems. For example, in the design of a vacuum system, BME280 can monitor the air pressure in the vacuum barrel in real time, and cooperate with the computer software interface to achieve precise control of the air pressure, ensuring that the samples receive ideal environmental conditions during experiments and production.

[0070] (3) Analysis of air pressure test results: When testing the air pressure of the vacuum centrifuge barrel, we used the GY-BME280-5V air pressure sensor, which is based on advanced MEMS technology and can accurately measure the air pressure. By combining these measurement data with the computer software interface, we can monitor and adjust the air pressure in the vacuum centrifuge barrel in real time to meet specific experimental and production requirements. The following table shows the real-time monitoring results of the air pressure in the vacuum barrel during a typical experiment:

[0071]

[0072] For the heating unit of the present invention:

[0073] (1) Implementation process of heating unit: The temperature control system is designed to provide ideal environmental conditions for various application scenarios by accurately adjusting and maintaining the set temperature.

[0074] The following is the detailed operation process:

[0075] 1. Start the temperature control system: Before starting the temperature control operation, the user needs to turn on the switch that controls the temperature and air pressure. This step activates all functional modules of the system, including temperature control and air pressure control. The system's start switch usually has a red indicator light. When the switch is activated, the red dot will light up continuously, indicating that the system is ready for temperature adjustment.

[0076] 2. Set the target temperature: The user enters the temperature control module through the computer software interface. The software interface provides an intuitive and easy-to-operate temperature setting function. The user can enter the desired target temperature value on the interface. The system will display the current indoor temperature in real time for user reference and comparison.

[0077] 3. Detecting and responding to temperature differences: The system first detects the difference between the set target temperature and the current indoor temperature: (i) Target temperature is higher than the indoor temperature: When the target temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, the system will start the temperature heating part. The heating unit gradually increases the temperature inside the vacuum barrel by precisely controlling the power output until the set target temperature is reached. At this time, the air pump does not work because no air pressure adjustment is required. The temperature sensor monitors the internal temperature in real time and feeds the data back to the control system to ensure a smooth and accurate heating process. (ii) Target temperature is lower than the indoor temperature: When the target temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the temperature heating part will not work and the system will stop the heating operation. At the same time, the air pump will start working to achieve a cooling effect by reducing the air pressure in the vacuum barrel. Under vacuum, the boiling point of the solvent decreases, and the internal temperature gradually decreases, eventually reaching the set low temperature target. (iii) Real-time temperature display and adjustment: During the heating or cooling process, the computer software interface will display the current temperature changes in real time. Users can monitor the progress of temperature adjustment and the current temperature value at any time through the interface. If the red dot of the switch is continuously lit, it means that the heating unit is working. This design allows users to intuitively understand the operating status of the system, ensuring transparent and safe operation. (iv) Reaching the target temperature: When the system reaches the set target temperature, the temperature sensor will feed back information to the control system, indicating that the preset conditions have been reached. At this time, the system will automatically adjust the power output of the heating unit to keep the temperature constant. For example, when the target temperature is set to 60°C, the system will maintain the inside of the vacuum barrel at 60°C to prevent temperature fluctuations. This function is particularly important for experiments or production processes that require a constant temperature for a long time. (v) Termination and reset operation: The user can terminate the temperature control operation at any time as needed. By turning off the heating function or the air pump through the software interface, the system will gradually return to the room temperature and normal pressure state. At the same time, the user can also reset the new target temperature, and the system will readjust the temperature according to the new setting.

[0078] Through the above detailed temperature control operation process, users can accurately control the temperature in the vacuum chamber to ensure that the samples are processed under the most suitable conditions. This precise and efficient temperature control not only improves work efficiency, but also ensures the stability and reliability of the experiment or production process.

[0079] (2) Display of the results of constant temperature control: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the Adafruit_BME280 sensor is used in this code to measure temperature, humidity, pressure, and calculate the altitude based on the measurement results. In order to achieve constant temperature control of the vacuum centrifuge barrel and keep the motor at 60 degrees, we need to use the temperature data provided by the sensor and control the temperature through a control logic.

[0080] First, the code initializes the BME280 sensor and reads the current ambient temperature. In the thermostat control logic, if the temperature read is below 60 degrees, the temperature can be increased by increasing the power output of the motor or starting the heating device. Conversely, if the temperature is above 60 degrees, it is necessary to reduce the power output or enable the cooling mechanism to lower the temperature.

[0081] This control logic needs to periodically detect the temperature and adjust the motor's operating state or additional heating / cooling device based on the real-time temperature reading to ensure that the vacuum centrifuge bucket maintains a constant operating temperature. This method can ensure the processing effect and safety of the samples during the experiment, and ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the experimental results.

[0082] (3) Analysis of constant temperature control results: In the constant temperature control experiment of the vacuum centrifuge bucket, we observed extremely stable and precise temperature control effects by using the Adafruit_BME280 sensor to accurately monitor and adjust the temperature. The target temperature set in the experiment was 60°C. Through continuous monitoring and adjustment, we obtained the following results:

[0083]

[0084] It can be observed from the table that the system quickly approaches the target temperature after starting the heating, and can effectively adjust the power output within a small range to respond to changes in the external ambient temperature, keeping the temperature in the vacuum centrifuge bucket constant at around 60°C. Especially when the indoor temperature rises slightly, the system adapts to the change by reducing the power output to avoid overheating, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the experimental process.

[0085] Through observations during this period, we believe that the temperature control logic of the system is very effective, capable of achieving precise control and rapid response to environmental changes, ensuring the efficiency of the sample processing process and the reproducibility of experimental results. Overall, the performance of the constant temperature control system fully meets the laboratory's high requirements for temperature stability, demonstrating the superiority and reliability of the system in practical applications.

[0086] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0087] 1. Efficient processing and time saving: Through high-speed centrifugation technology, the liquid phase in the sample can be quickly separated, significantly shortening the processing time. Combined with vacuum technology, it further accelerates the boiling and evaporation of the solvent at low temperatures, achieving efficient concentration and drying, and greatly improving experimental and production efficiency.

[0088] 2. Sample protection and safety: The core of the system design is to protect the integrity and safety of the sample. Under vacuum, the low boiling point evaporation of the solvent avoids the damage of high temperature to heat-sensitive samples, ensuring the chemical stability and biological activity of the sample. At the same time, the sample is controlled in the centrifuge tube during the high-speed centrifugation process, effectively preventing splashing and loss, which is particularly suitable for handling precious or sensitive samples.

[0089] 3. Precise control and adaptability: The system integrates precise heating control and motor speed adjustment functions, and can provide personalized processing conditions according to the characteristics and needs of different samples. The precise temperature control of the heating plate ensures that the sample is processed at the optimal temperature and avoids the risk of overheating; while the adjustability of the motor speed realizes the precise control of centrifugal force, optimizes the centrifugal effect and solvent evaporation rate, and enhances the adaptability and flexibility of the system.

[0090] 4. Improve sample quality and recovery rate: By comprehensively applying the above technologies, the system not only improves the sample processing efficiency, but also significantly improves the sample quality and recovery rate. It effectively avoids the problems of sample decomposition, degradation or loss that may occur in traditional methods, and ensures the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.

[0091] 5. Broad application prospects: In view of its high efficiency, precision and safety, the high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system has shown broad application prospects in many fields such as laboratory research, drug development, biotechnology, environmental monitoring, etc., providing strong technical support and guarantee for scientific research and production.

[0092] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system, It is characterized in that include: A centrifugal unit, comprising a motor, a centrifugal tube rack and a control system; the motor drives the centrifugal tube rack to rotate at a speed of at least 1400 rpm, and fixes the sample in the centrifugal tube by centrifugal force to prevent the sample from erupting or overflowing during the processing; A vacuum system, comprising a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipeline and a vacuum control unit; the vacuum pump is connected to the inside of the centrifugal unit through the vacuum pipeline, and is used to form a low-pressure environment inside the centrifugal unit, and the vacuum control unit monitors and adjusts the air pressure in the centrifugal unit in real time to accelerate the evaporation of the solvent in the sample; The heating unit includes a heating plate and a temperature control system; the heating plate is closely attached to the outer surface of the inner liner of the centrifugal unit to provide heat to compensate for the energy consumed by solvent evaporation, and the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating plate in real time through a temperature sensor, and automatically adjusts the power output of the heating plate to maintain a preset temperature curve.

2. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The motor is connected to the control system via an encoder to provide real-time feedback of the actual rotational speed of the motor. The control system automatically adjusts the rotational speed of the motor according to the feedback rotational speed information to ensure that the motor runs at a stable target speed.

3. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The vacuum control unit includes an air pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure in the centrifugal unit in real time and controlling the working state of the vacuum pump by comparing with a preset target air pressure to maintain the air pressure in the centrifugal unit stable.

4. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating plate in real time through temperature sensors installed inside and outside the centrifugal unit, and automatically adjusts the power output of the heating plate according to the temperature difference to maintain the sample within a preset temperature range.

5. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The control system, integrated into the computer software interface, is used to set and display the motor rotation speed, the target air pressure of the vacuum system and the target temperature of the heating unit, thus achieving closed-loop control of the motor speed, air pressure and temperature.

6. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The centrifugal unit also includes a Hall encoder for speed measurement and speed regulation to ensure that the motor can rotate at a stable target speed of 1400 rpm, thereby achieving precise control of the sample centrifugation process.

7. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The vacuum system also includes an air pressure control software interface, which allows the user to set a target air pressure value and monitor and display the actual air pressure in the vacuum barrel in real time. The operation of the air pump is controlled through the software interface to achieve precise adjustment of the air pressure.

8. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The air pressure control software interface can handle the target air pressure setting that is higher than the indoor air pressure. When the target air pressure is higher than the indoor air pressure, the system stops the air pump and starts the temperature heating control part to meet the application requirements of a specific temperature environment.

9. The high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The heating unit also includes a constant temperature control logic. When a deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature is detected, the system can automatically adjust the power output of the heating or cooling device to quickly respond to and correct the temperature deviation, keeping the internal temperature of the vacuum barrel constant near the preset value.

10. A high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying method, using the high-speed vacuum centrifugal concentration and drying system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, on an Arduino-based electronic prototype platform, set the target speed of the motor to at least 1400 rpm through a computer software interface, start the motor control program, make the centrifuge tube rack rotate stably at the speed, and use an encoder to monitor and display the motor speed in real time to ensure that the sample is effectively fixed in the centrifuge tube by centrifugal force; Step 2, on the same software interface, set the target air pressure value and start the air pressure control program; if the target air pressure is lower than the current indoor air pressure, the vacuum pump starts working through the vacuum pipeline to evacuate the inside of the centrifugal unit until the set target air pressure value is reached and maintained, and at the same time the vacuum control unit monitors and adjusts the air pressure in the centrifugal unit in real time to form a stable low-pressure environment; Step 3, set the target temperature value on the software interface and start the temperature control program; if the target temperature is higher than the current room temperature, the heating plate in the heating unit starts to work, and the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the sample and the heating plate in real time through the temperature sensor, and automatically adjusts the power output of the heating plate to maintain the preset temperature curve, such as stabilizing the temperature at 60°C, thereby providing sufficient heat to accelerate the evaporation of the solvent in the sample; Step 4: Continuously monitor the motor speed, the air pressure in the centrifugal unit, and the temperature of the sample through the software interface to ensure that each parameter is within a preset range until the concentration and drying process of the sample is completed.

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