Femoral component and surface hip joint replacement prosthesis

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and discloses a thighbone component and a surface hip replacement prosthesis, the thighbone component is a hollow large hemisphere, a supporting handle is arranged at the vertex of the inner wall of the thighbone component, the thighbone component is made of polyether-ether-ketone or polyether-ketone-ketone materials, better guiding and positioning effects can be provided, and the surface hip replacement prosthesis can be used for hip replacement. The fixity and the stability of the prosthesis are enhanced; an arc-shaped transition part is arranged at the joint of the supporting handle and the inner wall of the femoral component; a plurality of concave grooves are formed in the inner wall of the thighbone component, and bone cement is embedded into the concave grooves; the plurality of concave grooves are distributed at intervals along the axis of the supporting handle; the arc-shaped transition part effectively relieves stress concentration and prevents the prosthesis from being broken, the fixing effect is further enhanced through embedding of bone cement in the inwards-sunken groove, the risks of rotation and looseness of the prosthesis are reduced, and due to the design, the mechanical performance and biocompatibility of the prosthesis are improved, and the durability and reliability of the prosthesis in long-term use are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a femoral component and a surface hip joint replacement prosthesis. Background Art

[0002] As the incidence of hip joint diseases increases year by year, total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) have become the main means of treating hip joint diseases. Total hip replacement usually involves the removal of the femoral head and femoral neck, and the replacement volume is large. Although the effect is significant, it may not be the best choice for young and sports-loving patients. Relatively speaking, because only the diseased bone on the surface of the femoral head or acetabulum is removed, the surface hip replacement can retain the bone mass of the femoral head and femoral neck to the greatest extent, reconstruct a normal gait, and improve the range of motion after surgery, it has gradually become popular among young patients and sports enthusiasts.

[0003] At present, the prosthesis widely used in surface hip replacement is usually a metal-on-metal (MoM) prosthesis, that is, both the femoral component and the acetabular component are made of wear-resistant metal materials. Although this design performs well in terms of wear resistance and strength, it also has obvious defects. Metal-on-metal prostheses release metal particles and metal ions during use. The accumulation of these metal ions in the body will cause a series of adverse reactions, which will not only cause chronic pain and prosthesis loosening, but may even require revision surgery. The release of metal ions is mainly due to the wear particles generated by metal parts during friction. These particles enter the surrounding tissues, triggering immune responses and tissue damage. In addition, the stiffness of metal materials is much higher than that of natural human bones, resulting in a stress shielding effect, that is, metal prostheses prevent physiological loads from being transmitted to bones. As a result, bone mass is absorbed during bone remodeling, bone density decreases, and bone mass defects and femoral neck fractures may eventually occur. The biodurability is poor, and these defects limit the application of prostheses.

[0004] In view of this, there is a need to improve the prosthesis of hip replacement in the prior art to solve the technical problem of poor durability. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a femoral component and a surface hip replacement prosthesis to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A femoral component, the femoral component is a hollow large hemisphere, and a support handle is arranged at the vertex of the inner wall of the femoral component, wherein the femoral component is made of polyetheretherketone or polyetherketoneketone material; An arc-shaped transition portion is provided at the connection between the support handle and the inner wall of the femoral component, and a proximal plane is provided adjacent to the arc-shaped transition portion; The inner wall of the femoral component is provided with a plurality of indented grooves for embedding and installing bone cement; the plurality of indented grooves are distributed at intervals along the axis of the support handle.

[0007] Optionally, the support handle is a long handle body or a short handle body; the support handle includes a main body, and a first end and a second end respectively arranged at both ends of the main body, wherein the first end is an end close to the apex of the inner wall of the femoral component.

[0008] Optionally, the second end is cylindrical, conical, or a combination of cylindrical and conical.

[0009] Optionally, an annular groove is provided at a preset position on the inner wall of the femoral component, and the annular groove is provided on the same axis as the support handle; Wherein, the cross section of the annular groove is any one of circular, rectangular or trapezoidal.

[0010] Optionally, an opening is formed at one end of the femoral component, and a curved surface is formed at the periphery of the opening; wherein a tapered surface is formed between the opening and the annular groove.

[0011] Optionally, the roughness Ra value of the outer surface of the femoral component is less than or equal to 3 μm, and the sphericity is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0012] The present invention also provides a surface hip replacement prosthesis, an acetabular component and a femoral component as described above, wherein the acetabular component is a hemispherical shell or a small hemispherical shell; The acetabular component has a spherical inner wall surface, and the outer surface of the femoral component is arranged in contact with the inner wall surface of the acetabular component, so that at least part of the femoral component protrudes from the acetabular component; Wherein, the acetabulum component is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material.

[0013] Optionally, the outer surface of the acetabular component is a porous coating structure, and the thickness of the porous coating structure is 50-300 μm.

[0014] Optionally, the porous coating structure is any one of a single coating, a double coating or a multi-coating; The coating material of the porous coating structure is one or more of hydroxyapatite, pure titanium, and tantalum metal; the porous coating structure is plasma sprayed on the outer surface of the acetabulum component.

[0015] Optionally, the cross section of the acetabulum component along the vertical direction is arranged to gradually increase in width from both sides to the middle; wherein the acetabulum component has a smooth continuous surface or a textured structure surface.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the femoral component of the present invention adopts a hollow large hemispherical design and polyetheretherketone or polyetherketoneketone material, combined with the structural design of the arcuate transition portion and the sunken groove of the support handle, which can provide better guiding and positioning effects and enhance the fixation and stability of the prosthesis; the arcuate transition portion of the support handle effectively alleviates stress concentration and prevents the prosthesis from breaking, while the sunken groove further enhances the fixation effect by embedding bone cement and reduces the risk of prosthesis rotation and loosening. This design not only improves the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the prosthesis, but also ensures the durability and reliability of the prosthesis in long-term use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0018] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with this technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size, without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the femoral component of the first embodiment having a long handle; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the femoral component of the first embodiment having a short handle; Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the femoral component of the first embodiment; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of various shapes of the support handle of the first embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the surface hip replacement prosthesis of the second embodiment; Figure 6 A vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of the acetabulum component of the surface hip replacement prosthesis of the second embodiment; Figure 7 Schematic diagrams of two surfaces of the acetabulum component of the surface hip replacement prosthesis of the second embodiment.

[0020] Illustrations: femoral component 100, acetabular component 200, support stem 300, main body 31, first end 320, second end 330, arcuate transition portion 101, proximal plane 102, recessed groove 103, annular groove 104, opening 105, curved surface 106, tapered surface 107, porous coating structure 201, smooth continuous surface 202, textured structure surface 203. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a centrally arranged component at the same time.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0024] Embodiment 1: Combination Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a femoral component, wherein the femoral component 100 is a hollow large hemisphere, and a support handle 300 is provided at the vertex of the inner wall of the femoral component 100, and the support handle 300 is a long handle body or a short handle body; the support handle 300 can play a guiding and positioning role.

[0025] An arcuate transition portion 101 is provided at the connection between the support handle 300 and the inner wall of the femoral component 100, and a proximal plane 102 is provided adjacent to the arcuate transition portion 101; a plurality of recessed grooves 103 are provided on the inner wall of the femoral component 100, and the recessed grooves 103 are used for embedding and installing bone cement; the plurality of recessed grooves 103 are distributed at intervals along the axis of the support handle 300.

[0026] It should be noted that an arcuate transition portion 101 is provided at the connection between the support handle 300 and the inner wall of the femoral component 100, and a proximal plane 102 is provided adjacent to the arcuate transition portion 101. The design of the arcuate transition portion 101 can effectively alleviate stress concentration, increase the mechanical strength of the structure, and prevent the prosthesis from breaking or loosening due to stress concentration during use. In addition, a plurality of recessed grooves 103 are provided on the inner wall of the femoral component 100, and these grooves are used for embedding and installing bone cement, and the grooves are spaced apart along the axis of the support handle 300. After the bone cement is embedded in the recessed grooves 103, the fixation effect of the femoral component 100 can be further enhanced, the prosthesis can be prevented from rotating or falling off, and the long-term stability and functionality of the prosthesis can be ensured.

[0027] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the femoral component 100 of the present invention adopts a hollow large hemispherical design and polyetheretherketone or polyetherketoneketone material, combined with the structural design of the arcuate transition portion 101 and the recessed groove 103 of the support handle 300, which can provide better guidance and positioning effects and enhance the fixation and stability of the prosthesis; the arcuate transition portion of the support handle effectively alleviates stress concentration and prevents the prosthesis from breaking, while the recessed groove further enhances the fixation effect by embedding bone cement, reducing the risk of prosthesis rotation and loosening. This design not only improves the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the prosthesis, but also ensures the durability and reliability of the prosthesis in long-term use.

[0028] In this embodiment, the support handle 300 includes a main body 310 , and a first end 320 and a second end 330 respectively disposed at two ends of the main body 310 , wherein the first end 320 is an end close to the inner wall vertex of the femoral component 100 .

[0029] It should be noted that, through this design, the support handle 300 can provide stable support and accurate positioning during the implantation process of the prosthesis, which helps to achieve accurate installation and long-term stability of the prosthesis.

[0030] As an optional solution of this embodiment, the second end 330 is cylindrical, conical, or a combination of cylindrical and conical. Such a diverse design can be selected and adjusted according to the specific conditions of different patients, providing a more personalized and adaptive solution, thereby improving the adaptability and functionality of the prosthesis.

[0031] In this embodiment, an annular groove 104 is provided at a preset position on the inner wall of the femoral component 100, and the annular groove 104 is provided on the same axis as the support handle 300; wherein the cross section of the annular groove 104 is any one of a circular, rectangular or trapezoidal shape. This design can provide a better fixation effect during the installation process, and by embedding bone cement into the annular groove 104, the stability of the femoral component 100 is enhanced to prevent the rotation or loosening of the prosthesis.

[0032] In this embodiment, an opening 105 is provided at one end of the femoral component 100, and a curved surface 106 is provided around the opening 105; a tapered surface 107 is provided between the opening 105 and the annular groove 104. This can not only alleviate stress concentration and increase the mechanical strength of the structure, but also provide a better guiding effect during the installation process, making it easier to accurately position and install the prosthesis.

[0033] In this embodiment, the roughness Ra value of the outer surface of the femoral component 100 is less than or equal to 3 μm, and the sphericity is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. This high-precision surface treatment can significantly reduce friction and wear, provide a smoother contact surface, thereby improving the durability and comfort of the prosthesis and reducing the incidence of postoperative complications.

[0034] Embodiment 2: Combination Figures 5 to 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a surface hip replacement prosthesis, characterized in that it includes a femoral component 100 and an acetabular component 200, the acetabular component 200 is a hemispherical shell or a small hemispherical shell, and the femoral component 100 is a large hemispherical body; the acetabular component 200 is a hemispherical shell (with a coverage angle of 180°) or a small hemispherical shell structure with a coverage angle of 145°≤β<180°.

[0035] The acetabular component 200 has a spherical inner wall surface, and the outer surface of the femoral component 100 is arranged in contact with the inner wall surface of the acetabular component 200, so that at least part of the femoral component 100 protrudes from the acetabular component 200; wherein, the femoral component 100 is made of polyetheretherketone or polyetherketoneketone material, and the acetabular component 200 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material.

[0036] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the surface hip replacement prosthesis of the present invention comprises a femoral component 100 and an acetabular component 200, wherein the acetabular component 200 is a hemispherical shell or a small hemispherical shell, the femoral component 100 is a large hemispherical body, the inner wall surface of the acetabular component 200 is spherical, and the outer surface of the femoral component 100 is attached to the inner wall surface of the acetabular component 200, so that at least part of the femoral component 100 protrudes outside the acetabular component 200. Through this structural design, the protruding part of the femoral component 100 can provide a larger contact area and movement. range, reduce contact stress and improve stability, use polyetheretherketone or polyetherketoneketone material to manufacture the femoral component 100, and use ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material to manufacture the acetabular component 200, both of which use polymer materials that can effectively reduce friction and wear, avoid the release of metal ions and metal particles, and reduce stress shielding effects, promote physiological load conduction of bones, and not only solve the problems of metal ion release and stress shielding in metal-on-metal prostheses, but also improve the wear resistance, biocompatibility and range of motion of the prosthesis, and are suitable for a wide range of patients.

[0037] In this embodiment, the outer surface of the acetabular component 200 is a porous coating structure 201, and the thickness of the porous coating structure 201 is 50-300 μm. The porous coating structure 201 can provide better bone integration effect, promote the growth and fixation of bone tissue, and thus improve the stability and long-term use effect of the prosthesis.

[0038] In this embodiment, the porous coating structure 201 is any one of a single coating, a double coating or a multi-coating; the coating material of the porous coating structure 201 is one or more of hydroxyapatite, pure titanium, and tantalum metal; the porous coating structure 201 is plasma sprayed on the outer surface of the acetabular component 200. These materials have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and can effectively promote the attachment and growth of bone cells. The porous coating structure 201 is coated on the outer surface of the acetabular component 200 by plasma spraying technology to ensure the uniformity and firmness of the coating, thereby enhancing the bone integration ability of the acetabular component 200.

[0039] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 6 As shown, the width of the cross section of the acetabular component 200 along the vertical direction is gradually increased from both sides to the middle; wherein, the acetabular component 200 is a smooth continuous surface 202 or a texture structure surface 203 .

[0040] It should be noted that this design can better disperse the load, relieve stress concentration, and improve the mechanical strength and stability of the acetabular component 200. The outer surface of the acetabular component 200 can be a smooth continuous surface 202 or a surface with a texture structure. The smooth continuous surface 202 can reduce friction and wear, while the texture structure surface 203 can further enhance the fixation effect of the acetabular component 200 and prevent the prosthesis from shifting or loosening during use.

[0041] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A femoral component, characterized in that: The femoral component is a hollow large hemisphere, and a support handle is arranged at the vertex of the inner wall of the femoral component, wherein the femoral component is made of polyetheretherketone or polyetherketoneketone material; An arc-shaped transition portion is provided at the connection between the support handle and the inner wall of the femoral component, and a proximal plane is provided adjacent to the arc-shaped transition portion; The inner wall of the femoral component is provided with a plurality of indented grooves for embedding and installing bone cement; the plurality of indented grooves are distributed at intervals along the axis of the support handle.

2. The femoral component according to claim 1, characterized in that The support handle is a long handle or a short handle; the support handle includes a main body, and a first end and a second end respectively arranged at two ends of the main body, wherein the first end is an end close to the inner wall apex of the femoral component.

3. The femoral component according to claim 1, characterized in that The second end portion is in a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, or a combination of a cylindrical shape and a conical shape.

4. The femoral component according to claim 1, characterized in that An annular groove is provided at a preset position on the inner wall of the femoral component, and the annular groove is arranged on the same axis as the support handle; Wherein, the cross section of the annular groove is any one of circular, rectangular or trapezoidal.

5. The femoral component according to claim 4, characterized in that An opening is formed at one end of the femoral component, and a curved surface is formed at the periphery of the opening; a tapered surface is formed between the opening and the annular groove.

6. The femoral component according to claim 1, characterized in that The roughness Ra value of the outer surface of the femoral component is less than or equal to 3 μm, and the sphericity is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

7. A surface hip replacement prosthesis, characterized in that: An acetabular component and a femoral component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the acetabular component is a hemispherical shell or a small hemispherical shell; The acetabular component has a spherical inner wall surface, and the outer surface of the femoral component is arranged in contact with the inner wall surface of the acetabular component, so that at least part of the femoral component protrudes from the acetabular component; Wherein, the acetabulum component is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material.

8. The surface hip replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the acetabular component is a porous coating structure, and the thickness of the porous coating structure is 50-300 μm.

9. The surface hip replacement prosthesis according to claim 8, characterized in that: The porous coating structure is any one of a single coating, a double coating or a multi-coating; The coating material of the porous coating structure is one or more of hydroxyapatite, pure titanium, and tantalum metal; the porous coating structure is plasma sprayed on the outer surface of the acetabulum component.

10. The surface hip replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the acetabulum component along the vertical direction is arranged to gradually increase in width from both sides to the middle; wherein the acetabulum component is a smooth continuous surface or a textured structure surface.

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