Grinding device for non-destructively recovering retired photovoltaic through water jet grinding and using method of grinding device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic recycling, in particular to a grinding device for non-destructive recycling of retired photovoltaic modules through water jet grinding and a using method thereof.The grinding device comprises a workbench used for containing jet grinding waste photovoltaic modules, and a water jet impact mechanism is arranged on the workbench; a water jet impact mechanism is arranged on the workbench, a displacement mechanism is arranged between the water jet impact mechanism and the workbench, and the displacement mechanism is used for controlling the displacement of the water jet impact mechanism and grinding a residual adhesive film on the waste photovoltaic module. A part of water forms cavitation bubbles in jet flow through the cavitation cavity, energy generated when the cavitation bubbles collapse is improved, the jet flow angle is controlled to range from 45 degrees to 75 degrees through the control unit, the target distance height between the nozzle and the assembly is smaller than five times of the diameter of an outlet of the nozzle, and therefore the better grinding effect is achieved, the production efficiency is improved, and the clean and efficient cold machining technology is achieved. The pollution is reduced, the complete and pure laminated material is reserved, and the recovery rate of the high-value material is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic recycling, and in particular to a grinding device for lossless recycling of retired photovoltaics by water jet grinding and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] As a clean energy, solar energy has been developing rapidly in the power generation industry around the world and is one of the most important green energy sources in recent years. Photovoltaic modules do not produce pollution during the power generation process, but the life of photovoltaic modules is generally 20-25 years. Due to the long service life, waste and damaged photovoltaic modules are easily ignored. As of 2022, the cumulative installed capacity has reached 392.61GW. It is expected that after the photovoltaic modules reach the end of their service life, the number of retired photovoltaic modules will increase explosively.

[0003] The crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules currently used in the market are mainly composed of aluminum frames, junction boxes, tempered glass, EVA encapsulation film, welding strips, cells and backplanes. Among them, the recycling process of aluminum and copper wires has gradually matured, but the extraction of high-value material components such as silver, silicon, aluminum and glass in glass, backplanes and cells that can be recycled and reused is difficult, and the economic benefits of recycling are not high. The main difficulty lies in the destruction and removal of the encapsulation materials to separate the photovoltaic laminates.

[0004] Non-destructive disassembly of retired photovoltaic modules can significantly improve recycling efficiency. Compared with traditional recycling methods, complete welding strips, battery cells and other usable materials can be obtained without crushing and sorting or using chemical reagents. The process is simple and clean and pollution-free. Water jet grinding uses water as the working medium. It is a cold processing technology and belongs to the category of green processing. It has almost no damage and thermal deformation to material processing, and is easy to automatically control and realize flexible processing. At the same time, a system can be configured with multiple nozzles to work simultaneously to improve production efficiency. Therefore, the use of clean and safe water jet grinding methods to separate retired photovoltaic modules can achieve non-destructive disassembly and has broad application prospects. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in order to solve the problems of complex process, environmental pollution, damage to solar cells during the recycling process, and high energy consumption due to non-optimal process parameters in the process of recycling retired photovoltaic components, a water jet grinding device for lossless recycling of retired photovoltaics and a method for using the same are now provided.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a grinding device for non-destructive recycling of retired photovoltaic components by water jet grinding, comprising a workbench for placing waste photovoltaic components for jet grinding, a water jet impact mechanism is arranged on the workbench, a displacement mechanism is arranged between the water jet impact mechanism and the workbench, and the displacement mechanism is used to control the displacement of the water jet impact mechanism and realize the grinding of residual film on the waste photovoltaic components;

[0007] The water jet impact mechanism includes a nozzle and a water circulation mechanism, the nozzle includes a body, a cavitation cavity is arranged in the body along its axial direction, the cavitation cavity has an input section, a generation section, a boost section and an output section which are connected in sequence, the cross-sectional area of ​​the input section along the water flow direction gradually decreases, the cross-sectional area of ​​the generation section along the water flow direction is the same, the cross-sectional area of ​​the boost section along the water flow direction gradually increases, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the output section along the water flow direction gradually decreases, the body is provided with a side flow channel along its axial direction, the input end of the side flow channel and the input section of the cavitation cavity are both connected to the output end of the water circulation mechanism, the output section of the cavitation cavity is located between the input section of the cavitation cavity and the output end of the side flow channel, a cavitation inducer is arranged in the cavitation cavity, the water circulation mechanism is connected to the nozzle and is used to transport water to the nozzle and recycle the water on the workbench for reuse. This scheme mainly uses a water circulation mechanism to provide water to the nozzle. When a part of the water passes through the input end of the cavitation chamber, the flow rate increases, the internal pressure of the jet decreases, and through the action of the cavitation inducer, vaporization occurs when it is lower than the gas pressure, the air is separated and forms cavitation bubbles, and the cavitation grows with the jet in the low-pressure environment of the cavitation chamber. The cavitation is continuously generated through the generation section, the speed of the jet is slowed down in the pressurization section, and the internal pressure of the cavitation is increased. The output section then speeds up and reduces the pressure again, increasing the cavitation and increasing the energy when the cavitation collapses. Finally, when it is ejected through the nozzle with another part of the water, the cavitation shrinks due to the increase in external pressure. By controlling the target distance of the jet, the cavitation in the jet shrinks and collapses when it impacts the surface of the film, generating huge energy to achieve better grinding effects and improve production efficiency.

[0008] In order to realize the cavitation inducer, some embodiments are preferred, wherein the cavitation inducer includes a flat plate, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the flat plate, wherein the through holes connect the input section and the generation section of the cavitation cavity, and a cavitation intensity sensor is provided in the generation section. By providing a plurality of through holes connecting the input section and the generation section on the flat plate and forming the cavitation inducer, the cavitation inducer has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture and maintain.

[0009] In order to realize the water circulation mechanism, some embodiments are preferred, wherein the water circulation mechanism includes a water pump and a water tank arranged on the workbench, the input end of the water pump is connected to the water tank, the output end of the water pump is connected to the nozzle, a first groove is arranged on the workbench, a second groove is arranged at the bottom of the first groove, the second groove matches the pre-processed waste photovoltaic assembly, the pre-processed waste photovoltaic assembly is placed in the second groove, a drainage hole is arranged in the first groove, the drainage hole connects the first groove and the water tank, a water temperature regulating mechanism is arranged in the water tank, and the water temperature regulating mechanism includes a heating rod and a temperature sensor arranged in the water tank. By arranging the water tank on the workbench, the water in the water tank is transported to the nozzle by the water pump, and then the drainage in the second groove is discharged into the water tank, so as to realize recycling and reuse.

[0010] In order to facilitate understanding and control of the flow rate and pressure output by the nozzle, in some preferred embodiments, a flow meter and a pressure valve are connected in series between the output end of the water pump and the nozzle. The pressure is adjusted by the pressure valve, and the flow is adjusted by the flow meter to control the flow rate and pressure output by the nozzle, thereby realizing a variety of process parameter solutions.

[0011] In some preferred embodiments, a filter is provided between the input end of the water pump and the water tank.

[0012] In order to realize the displacement mechanism, some embodiments are preferred, wherein the displacement mechanism includes a first displacement mechanism, a second displacement mechanism is arranged on the first displacement mechanism, the first displacement mechanism is used to drive the second displacement mechanism to displace along the Y-axis direction of the workbench, the second displacement mechanism is used to drive the third displacement mechanism to displace along the Z-axis direction of the workbench, and the nozzle is slidably arranged on the third displacement mechanism along the X-axis direction of the workbench.

[0013] In order to realize the first displacement mechanism, the second displacement mechanism and the third displacement mechanism, some preferred embodiments are that the first displacement mechanism includes a first screw and a first motor, the second displacement mechanism includes a slide, a second screw and a second motor, and the third displacement mechanism includes a slide, a second screw and a second motor. The first screw is rotatably arranged on the workbench along the Y-axis direction of the workbench, the first motor is fixedly mounted on the workbench, the output end of the first motor is drivingly connected to the first screw, the slide is threadedly connected to the first screw, the second screw is rotatably arranged on the slide along the Z-axis direction of the workbench, the second motor is fixedly mounted on the slide, the output end of the second motor is drivingly connected to the second screw, the slide is threadedly connected to the second screw, the third screw is rotatably arranged on the slide along the X-axis direction of the workbench, the output end of the third motor is drivingly connected to the third screw, and the nozzle is threadedly connected to the third screw.

[0014] In order to facilitate the nozzle to be arranged on the third displacement mechanism, in some preferred embodiments, the nozzle further comprises a fixing clamp, the body is rotatably mounted on the fixing clamp, the fixing clamp is provided with a notch matching the slide bar, and the slide bar is slidably arranged in the notch. The nozzle has strong applicability and can flexibly adjust the angle and position of the nozzle according to needs.

[0015] Preferably, some embodiments further include a control unit, which is respectively connected to the water jet impact mechanism and the displacement mechanism by signals.

[0016] A method for non-destructively recovering retired photovoltaics by using a water jet grinding device as described above comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1, pre-processing waste photovoltaic modules, using machinery to remove the outer frame and junction box of the module to obtain the photovoltaic laminate to be separated;

[0018] S2, heating the encapsulation film on the photovoltaic laminate to be separated to a softened state by using high temperature;

[0019] Wherein step S2 comprises:

[0020] S2.1, sending the photovoltaic laminate after removing the frame and junction box into the existing heating mechanism for heating;

[0021] S2.2, heating temperature is 60-80℃, heating time is 15-30 minutes;

[0022] S3, mechanically separating the heated photovoltaic laminate to be separated to obtain a component with a residual adhesive film;

[0023] S4, cutting the component containing the residual film into a standard size, and placing the cut component containing the residual film on a station on a workbench;

[0024] S5. The nozzle is controlled to be positioned at the initial position through the displacement mechanism, and the angle between the nozzle and the component is controlled to be maintained between 45° and 75°, and the water pump is turned on;

[0025] S6, using a cavitation water jet from a nozzle to grind and remove the surface packaging film material of the component containing the residual film;

[0026] Wherein step S6 comprises:

[0027] S6.1. The target distance between the nozzle and the component is controlled by the control unit to be less than five times the nozzle outlet diameter. The small-pitch jet impact has a better effect. First, move along the edge of the component containing the residual film for one circle. After first grinding and removing the packaging film on the outer edge of the component containing the residual film, the nozzle returns to the initial position.

[0028] S6.2, forward and backward reciprocating grinding along the Y-axis direction. During forward grinding, the pressure valve is adjusted to increase the pressure so that the jet of the nozzle has a larger impact speed. The jet part of the water flow passing through the cavitation cavity generates cavitation. Under the combined effect of the high-speed jet and the collapse of the cavitation bubble, the film is ground deeper. After the forward grinding is completed, the nozzle angle is not adjusted. The pressure valve is adjusted to reduce the input pressure and the jet impact speed to achieve a better surface grinding flatness. The backward grinding is continuously performed to remove the residual film.

[0029] S6.3 The waste water generated during the grinding process is discharged into the water tank through the drainage hole. The waste water in the water tank is filtered by the filter and then re-enters the water pump for recycling;

[0030] S6.4 Turn off the water pump after all the surface grinding of the components is completed;

[0031] S7. After grinding, the complete and pure components are taken out for recycling.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when the present invention is a water jet grinding device for lossless recovery of retired photovoltaics and its use method, the present solution mainly uses a water circulation mechanism to provide water to the nozzle. When a part of the water passes through the input end of the cavitation chamber, the flow rate increases, the internal pressure of the jet decreases, and through the action of the cavitation inducer, vaporization occurs when the pressure is lower than the gas pressure, the air is separated and forms cavitation bubbles, and the cavitation bubbles grow with the jet in the low-pressure environment of the cavitation chamber, and the cavitation is continuously generated through the generation section, the speed of the jet is slowed down in the boost section, and the internal pressure of the cavitation is increased, and then the speed is increased and the pressure is reduced again by the output section, the cavitation is increased, and the pressure is increased. The energy from the collapse of high cavitation bubbles is finally ejected through the nozzle together with another part of water. The cavitation bubbles shrink due to the increase of external pressure. By controlling the target distance of the jet, the cavitation bubbles in the jet shrink and collapse when impacting the surface of the film, generating huge energy to achieve better grinding effect and improve production efficiency. The clean and efficient cold processing technology reduces pollution while retaining the complete and pure laminated materials, improves the recovery rate of high-value materials, has broad development prospects, and avoids the problems of complex process, environmental pollution, damage to the battery cells during the recycling process, and high energy consumption due to non-optimal process parameters in the process of recycling retired photovoltaic modules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of Example 1 of the invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the nozzle body of Example 1 of the invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a front view of the nozzle body of Example 1 of the invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a top view of the nozzle body of Example 1 of the invention;

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Middle AA section view;

[0039] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of forward and backward grinding in Example 1 of the invention;

[0040] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cavitation jet of Example 1 of the invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of the jet grinding recovery method of Example 2 of the invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1, workbench, 101, first groove, 102, second groove, 103, drainage hole;

[0043] 2. Water jet impact mechanism, 201. Nozzle, 2011. Body, 2012. Cavitation chamber, 2012a. Input section, 2012b. Generation section, 2012c. Pressurization section, 2012d. Output section, 2013. Side channel, 2014. Cavitation inducer, 202. Water circulation mechanism, 2021. Water pump, 2022. Water tank, 2023. Flow meter, 2024. Pressure valve, 2025. Filter;

[0044] 3. Displacement mechanism;

[0045] 4. Control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0047] The present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. A person skilled in the art can implement the present invention in various other specific embodiments according to the contents disclosed in the present invention, or any simple changes or modifications made to the design structure and ideas of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0050] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a grinding device for non-destructive recycling of retired photovoltaic components by water jet grinding includes a workbench 1 and a control unit 4. The upper surface of the workbench 1 is used to place pre-treated waste photovoltaic components. A water jet impact mechanism 2 is arranged on the workbench 1. A displacement mechanism 3 is arranged between the water jet impact mechanism 2 and the workbench 1. The displacement mechanism 3 is used to control the displacement of the water jet impact mechanism 2 and realize grinding of residual film on the waste photovoltaic components. The control unit 4 is connected to the water jet impact mechanism 2 and the displacement mechanism 3 by signal respectively.

[0051] The water jet impact mechanism 2 includes a nozzle 201 and a water circulation mechanism 202. The nozzle 201 includes a body 2011. A cavitation cavity 2012 is arranged in the body 2011 along its axial direction. The cavitation cavity 2012 has an input section 2012a, a generating section 2012b, a pressurizing section 2012c and an output section 2012d which are connected in sequence. The cross-sectional area of ​​the input section 2012a along the water flow direction gradually decreases, the cross-sectional area of ​​the generating section 2012b along the water flow direction is the same, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressurizing section 2012c along the water flow direction gradually increases, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the output section 2012d along the water flow direction is gradually increased. The cross-sectional area gradually decreases, and the main body 2011 is provided with a side channel 2013 along its axial direction. The input end of the side channel 2013 and the input section 2012a of the cavitation chamber 2012 are both connected to the output end of the water circulation mechanism 202, and the output section 2012d of the cavitation chamber 2012 is located between the input section 2012a of the cavitation chamber 2012 and the output end of the side channel 2013. A cavitation inducer 2014 is provided in the input section 2012a of the cavitation chamber 2012, and the water circulation mechanism 202 is connected to the nozzle 201 and is used to transport water to the nozzle 201 and recycle the water on the workbench 1 for reuse.

[0052] The cavitation inducer 2014 includes a flat plate with a plurality of through holes formed thereon, the through holes connecting the input section 2012a and the generating section 2012b of the cavitation chamber 2012, a cavitation intensity sensor is provided in the generating section 2012b, the cavitation intensity sensor can monitor the degree of cavitation, the cavitation intensity sensor is signal-connected to the control unit 4, and the control unit 4 collects data of the cavitation intensity sensor.

[0053] The water circulation mechanism 202 includes a water pump 2021 and a water tank 2022 arranged under the workbench 1, the input end of the water pump 2021 is connected to the water tank 2022, the output end of the water pump 2021 is connected to the nozzle 201, a first groove 101 is arranged on the workbench 1, a second groove 102 is arranged at the bottom of the first groove 101, the second groove 102 is matched with the pre-treated waste photovoltaic component, the pre-treated waste photovoltaic component is placed in the second groove 102, a drainage hole 103 is arranged in the first groove 101, and the drainage hole 103 connects the first groove 101 and the water tank 2022.

[0054] A flow meter 2023 and a pressure valve 2024 are connected in series between the output end of the water pump 2021 and the nozzle 201 , a filter 2025 is provided between the input end of the water pump 2021 and the water tank 2022 , and the water pump 2021 , the flow meter 2023 and the pressure valve 2024 are connected to the control unit 4 for signals.

[0055] A water temperature regulating mechanism is provided in the water tank 2022 , and the water temperature regulating mechanism includes a heating rod and a temperature sensor provided in the water tank 2022 . The water temperature regulating mechanism is connected to the single chip microcomputer signal of the control unit 4 and the temperature in the water tank 2022 is regulated through the control unit 4 .

[0056] The displacement mechanism 3 includes a first displacement mechanism, on which a second displacement mechanism is arranged, the first displacement mechanism is used to drive the second displacement mechanism to displace along the Y-axis direction of the workbench 1, the second displacement mechanism is used to drive the third displacement mechanism to displace along the Z-axis direction of the workbench 1, and the nozzle 201 is slidably arranged on the third displacement mechanism along the X-axis direction of the workbench 1, the first displacement mechanism includes a first screw and a first motor, the second displacement mechanism includes a slide seat, a second screw and a second motor, the third displacement mechanism includes a slide rod, a second screw and a second motor, the first screw is rotatably arranged on the workbench 1 along the Y-axis direction of the workbench 1, the first motor is fixedly installed on the workbench 1, the output end of the first motor is transmission-connected with the first screw, the slide seat is threadedly connected to the first screw, the second screw is rotationally arranged on the slide seat along the Z-axis direction of the workbench 1, the second motor is fixedly installed on the slide seat, the output end of the second motor is transmission-connected with the second screw, the slide rod is threadedly connected to the second screw, the third screw is rotationally arranged on the slide rod along the X-axis direction of the workbench 1, the output end of the third motor is transmission-connected with the third screw, and the fixing clamp of the nozzle 201 is threadedly connected to the third screw.

[0057] The nozzle 201 further comprises a fixing clamp, the body 2011 is rotatably mounted on the fixing clamp, the fixing clamp is provided with a notch matching the slide bar, and the slide bar is slidably arranged in the notch.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] Example 2 is the grinding method of Example 1, such as Figure 8 As shown, specifically: a method for non-destructively recovering retired photovoltaic power plants by using the above-mentioned water jet grinding device comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1, pre-processing waste photovoltaic modules, using machinery to remove the outer frame and junction box of the module to obtain the photovoltaic laminate to be separated;

[0061] S2, using high temperature to heat the encapsulation film on the photovoltaic laminate to be separated to a softened state, thereby reducing the adhesive force of the film;

[0062] Wherein step S2 comprises:

[0063] S2.1 sending the photovoltaic laminated component after removing the frame and the junction box into the existing heating mechanism for heating, the heating mechanism includes a heating wire and a fan, and directing hot air toward the photovoltaic laminated component;

[0064] S2.2 The heating temperature is 60-80°C and the heating time is 15-30 minutes. After the heating is completed, the heating is stopped to reduce the adhesive force of the film and soften the encapsulation film to a state that is easy to separate;

[0065] S3, mechanically separating the heated photovoltaic laminate to be separated to obtain a component with residual adhesive film, wherein the component is glass and solar cells containing adhesive film;

[0066] S4, cutting the component containing the residual film into a standard size, and placing the cut component containing the residual film on a station on the workbench 1, the station being the second groove 102;

[0067] Wherein step S4 comprises:

[0068] S4.1. Determine the size of the second groove 102 on the workbench, and use a small-diameter jet nozzle 201 to water-cut the component containing the residual film into slices so that it can fully fit the size of the workbench;

[0069] S4.2, place the cut laminate into the second groove 102 of the workbench, and use a fixing fixture to press the assembly to the bottom to ensure that the laminate does not move in any direction during the grinding process;

[0070] S5, control the displacement mechanism 3 through the control unit 4 and position the nozzle 201 at the initial position, and at the same time control the angle between the nozzle 201 and the component to be maintained between 45° and 75°, which has a better grinding effect, and turn on the water pump 2021 of the water circulation mechanism 202;

[0071] Wherein step S5 comprises:

[0072] S5.1. Pre-adjust the power of the water pump 2021 of the water circulation mechanism 202 according to the grinding requirements;

[0073] S5.2, control the nozzle 201 to move forward, backward, left, right, up and down through the displacement mechanism 3, so that it is positioned at the initial position, and control the nozzle 201 to rotate to an angle of 45°-75° according to the scale;

[0074] S5.3, select a split structure with an outlet diameter of 1 mm for nozzle 201 and install it on nozzle 2014;

[0075] S5.4 The displacement mechanism 4 controls the target distance between the nozzle 201 outlet and the component containing the residual film to be less than 5 mm;

[0076] S5.5 Turn on the water pump 2021 to provide high-pressure water jets, and always pay attention to the reading of the flow meter 2023, and make fine adjustments in a timely manner according to:

[0077] Q = Av where

[0078]

[0079] Derived:

[0080] In the above formula, Q is the jet flow rate (m 3 / s), A is the cross-sectional area (m 2 ), D1 is the diameter of the water pipe (m), p is the fluid density kg / m 3 , v is the fluid velocity (m / s), u is the viscosity coefficient (kg / (m*s)), and the jet outlet velocity is controlled to be 60m / s;

[0081] S6, using the cavitation water jet of the nozzle 201 to grind and remove the surface packaging film material of the component containing the residual film;

[0082] Wherein step S6 comprises:

[0083] S6.1, the control unit 4 is a single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer controls the target distance between the nozzle 201 and the component to be less than 5mm, and less than five times the diameter of the nozzle 201 outlet, the small spacing jet impact has a better effect, first move along the edge of the component containing the residual film, first grind and remove the packaging film on the outer edge of the component containing the residual film, and then the nozzle 201 returns to the initial position;

[0084] S6.2, grinding in forward and backward directions along the Y axis. During forward grinding, the pressure valve 2024 is adjusted to increase the pressure, so that the jet of the nozzle 201 has a larger impact speed, and the water flows through the jet part of the cavitation cavity 212 to generate cavitation. Under the combined effect of the high-speed jet and the collapse of the cavitation, the film is ground deeper. After the forward grinding is completed, the angle of the nozzle 201 is not adjusted, and the pressure valve 2024 is adjusted to reduce the input pressure and the jet impact speed to achieve a better surface grinding flatness. The backward grinding is continuously performed to remove the residual film.

[0085] S6.3. The waste water generated during the grinding process is discharged into the water tank 2022 through the drain hole 103. The waste water in the water tank 2022 is filtered by the filter 225 and then re-enters the water pump 2021 for recycling;

[0086] S6.4, until the surface of the component is completely ground, turn off the water pump 2021;

[0087] S7. After grinding, the complete and pure components are taken out for recycling.

[0088] The above-mentioned ideal embodiments of the present invention are for inspiration. Through the above-mentioned description, relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of ​​the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaics by water jet grinding, characterized in that: It comprises a workbench (1) for placing a jet-milled waste photovoltaic module, the workbench (1) being provided with a water jet impact mechanism (2), a displacement mechanism (3) being provided between the water jet impact mechanism (2) and the workbench (1), the displacement mechanism (3) being used to control the displacement of the water jet impact mechanism (2) and to achieve the grinding of the residual film on the waste photovoltaic module; The water jet impact mechanism (2) comprises a nozzle (201) and a water circulation mechanism (202); the nozzle (201) comprises a body (2011); a cavitation cavity (2012) is arranged in the body (2011) along its axial direction; the cavitation cavity (2012) comprises an input section (2012a), a generation section (2012b), a pressurization section (2012c) and an output section (2012d) which are connected in sequence; the cross-sectional area of ​​the input section (2012a) along the water flow direction gradually decreases; the cross-sectional area of ​​the generation section (2012b) along the water flow direction is the same; the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressurization section (2012c) along the water flow direction gradually increases; and the cross-sectional area of ​​the output section (2012d) along the water flow direction gradually increases. The cross-sectional area in the direction of water flow gradually decreases. The body (2011) is provided with a side flow channel (2013) along its axial direction. The input end of the side flow channel (2013) and the input section (2012a) of the cavitation chamber (2012) are both connected to the output end of the water circulation mechanism (202). The output section (2012d) of the cavitation chamber (2012) is located between the input section (2012a) of the cavitation chamber (2012) and the output end of the side flow channel (2013). A cavitation inducer (2014) is provided in the cavitation chamber (2012). The water circulation mechanism (202) is connected to the nozzle (201) and is used to transport water to the nozzle (201) and recycle water on the workbench (1) for reuse.

2. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaic by water jet grinding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cavitation inducer (2014) comprises a flat plate, on which a plurality of through holes are provided, wherein the through holes connect the input section (2012a) and the generation section (2012b) of the cavitation chamber (2012), and a cavitation intensity sensor is arranged in the generation section (2012b).

3. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaic by water jet grinding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water circulation mechanism (202) comprises a water pump (2021) and a water tank (2022) arranged on the workbench (1); the input end of the water pump (2021) is connected to the water tank (2022); the output end of the water pump (2021) is connected to the nozzle (201); a first groove (101) is arranged on the workbench (1); a second groove (102) is arranged at the bottom of the first groove (101); the second groove (102) matches the pre-treated waste photovoltaic component; the pre-treated waste photovoltaic component is placed in the second groove (102); a drainage hole (103) is arranged in the first groove (101); the drainage hole (103) connects the first groove (101) and the water tank (2022); a water temperature adjustment mechanism is arranged in the water tank (2022); the water temperature adjustment mechanism comprises a heating rod and a temperature sensor arranged in the water tank (2022).

4. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaics by water jet grinding according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A flow meter (2023) and a pressure valve (2024) are connected in series between the output end of the water pump (2021) and the nozzle (201).

5. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaics by water jet grinding according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A filter (2025) is provided between the input end of the water pump (2021) and the water tank (2022).

6. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaic by water jet grinding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The displacement mechanism (3) comprises a first displacement mechanism, a second displacement mechanism is arranged on the first displacement mechanism, the first displacement mechanism is used to drive the second displacement mechanism to move along the Y-axis direction of the workbench (1), the second displacement mechanism is used to drive the third displacement mechanism to move along the Z-axis direction of the workbench (1), and the nozzle (201) is slidably arranged on the third displacement mechanism along the X-axis direction of the workbench (1).

7. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaic by water jet grinding according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The first displacement mechanism comprises a first screw and a first motor, the second displacement mechanism comprises a slide, a second screw and a second motor, and the third displacement mechanism comprises a slide, a second screw and a second motor. The first screw is rotatably arranged on the workbench (1) along the Y-axis direction of the workbench (1), the first motor is fixedly mounted on the workbench (1), the output end of the first motor is connected to the first screw for transmission, the slide is threadedly connected to the first screw, the second screw is rotatably arranged on the slide along the Z-axis direction of the workbench (1), the second motor is fixedly mounted on the slide, the output end of the second motor is connected to the second screw for transmission, the slide is threadedly connected to the second screw, the third screw is rotatably arranged on the slide along the X-axis direction of the workbench (1), the output end of the third motor is connected to the third screw for transmission, and the nozzle (201) is threadedly connected to the third screw.

8. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaics by water jet grinding according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The nozzle (201) further comprises a fixing clamp, the body (2011) is rotatably mounted on the fixing clamp, the fixing clamp is provided with a notch matching the slide rod, and the slide rod is slidably arranged in the notch.

9. The grinding device for non-destructive recovery of retired photovoltaic by water jet grinding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also comprises a control unit (4), wherein the control unit (4) is respectively connected to the water jet impact mechanism (2) and the displacement mechanism (3) by signals.

10. A method for non-destructively recovering retired photovoltaics by using a water jet grinding device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, pre-processing waste photovoltaic modules, using machinery to remove the outer frame and junction box of the module to obtain the photovoltaic laminate to be separated; S2, heating the encapsulation film on the photovoltaic laminate to be separated to a softened state by using high temperature; Wherein step S2 comprises: S2.1, sending the photovoltaic laminate after removing the frame and junction box into the existing heating mechanism for heating; S2.2, heating temperature is 60-80℃, heating time is 15-30 minutes; S3, mechanically separating the heated photovoltaic laminate to be separated to obtain a component with a residual adhesive film; S4, cutting the component containing the residual adhesive film into a standard size, and placing the cut component containing the residual adhesive film on a station on the workbench (1); S5, controlling the nozzle (201) to be positioned at the initial position through the displacement mechanism (4), controlling the angle between the nozzle (201) and the component to be maintained between 45° and 75°, and turning on the water pump (221); S6. Using the cavitation water jet of the nozzle (201) to grind and remove the surface packaging film material of the component containing the residual film. Wherein step S6 comprises: S6.1 By controlling the target distance height between the nozzle (201) and the component to be less than five times the outlet diameter of the nozzle (201), the small-distance jet impact has a better effect, and first moves along the edge of the component containing the residual film for one circle, and after grinding and removing the packaging film on the outer edge of the component containing the residual film, the nozzle (201) returns to the initial position; S6.2 Grinding is performed in a forward and backward reciprocating manner along the Y-axis direction. During forward grinding, the pressure valve (2024) is adjusted to increase the pressure so that the jet of the nozzle (201) has a greater impact speed. The jet part of the water flow passing through the cavitation chamber (212) generates cavitation bubbles. Under the combined effect of the high-speed jet and the collapse of the cavitation bubbles, the film is ground deeper. After the forward grinding is completed, the angle of the nozzle (201) is not adjusted. The pressure valve (2024) is adjusted to reduce the input pressure and the jet impact speed to achieve a better surface grinding flatness. The backward grinding is continuously performed to remove the residual film. S6.3 The waste water generated during the grinding process is discharged into the water tank (2022) through the drainage hole (103), and the waste water in the water tank (2022) is filtered by the filter (225) and then re-enters the water pump (221) for recycling; S6.4 After all the surface grinding of the components is completed, turn off the water pump (2021); S7. After grinding, the complete and pure components are taken out for recycling.

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