Interlayer removing method for controlling quality of ore products

Abstract

The invention relates to a removing method, in particular to an interlayer removing method for controlling the quality of ore products. The method comprises the following steps: S1, distinguishing the existence forms of the interlayers according to the inclination angles of the interlayers; the existence form of the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer, a gently inclined interlayer or a transverse interlayer; s2, if the interlayer is a steeply-inclined interlayer, judging the existence form of the steeply-inclined interlayer, and determining the removal mode of the steeply-inclined interlayer in combination with the thickness of the interlayer; s3, if the interlayer is a gently inclined interlayer, mining from top to bottom in a layering manner; and S4, if the interlayers are transverse interlayers, determining the removal mode of the transverse interlayers according to the existence form of the transverse interlayers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a removal method, in particular to an interlayer removal method for controlling the quality of ore products. Background Art

[0002] Multi-interlayer ore body is a complex ore body, which is difficult to mine. It is subject to many problems such as severe disturbance between interlayers and surrounding rocks, and difficulty in removing interlayers. The traditional mining method of "mining and stripping at the same time, stripping first" is prone to high waste rock mixing rate, low production efficiency, ore loss rate and high ore depletion rate. The main element content of waste rock is: CaCO3≤70%, impurity content ≥15%, and the CaCO3 content of some waste rock is even lower than 30%. The calcium point weight ratio between waste rock and ore is about 1:9. The mixing of waste rock seriously affects the quality qualification rate and stability of ore. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a targeted removal method to improve the quality of ore during the stripping process. Summary of the invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products. By classifying the interlayers and unifying the removal methods of various interlayers, the ore depletion rate can be reduced and the qualified rate and stability of ore products can be improved.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1: differentiating the existence form of the interlayer according to the inclination angle of the interlayer; the existence form of the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer, a gently inclined interlayer or a transverse interlayer;

[0006] Step S2: if the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer, determine the existence form of the steeply inclined interlayer, and determine the removal method of the steeply inclined interlayer in combination with the thickness of the interlayer;

[0007] Step S3: If the interlayer is a gently inclined interlayer, mining is performed from top to bottom;

[0008] Step S4: If the interlayer is a transverse interlayer, a method for removing the transverse interlayer is determined according to the existence form of the transverse interlayer.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that step S2 comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step S21: determining the existence form of the steeply inclined interlayer, which is divided into: ore bodies on both sides of the middle interlayer and interlayers on both sides of the middle ore body;

[0011] Step S22: if the steeply inclined interlayer is the ore body on both sides of the middle interlayer, judging whether the middle interlayer is an middle interlayer or a thick middle interlayer according to the thickness of the middle interlayer;

[0012] If the interlayer is narrow, use a backhoe to peel it off; if the interlayer is thick, use an electric shovel to remove it;

[0013] Step S23: If the steeply inclined interlayers are interlayers on both sides of the middle ore body, the interlayers on both sides are removed first, and then the middle ore body is recovered.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that if the thickness of the middle interlayer is less than or equal to a preset interlayer thickness threshold, it is a narrow middle interlayer. The specific method of stripping the narrow middle interlayer using a backhoe is: use a backhoe to strip the narrow middle interlayer in advance, and then strip the ore bodies on both sides of the narrow middle interlayer.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that: if the thickness of the middle interlayer is greater than a preset interlayer thickness threshold, it is a thick middle interlayer;

[0016] The specific method of using an electric shovel to remove the thick intermediate layer is: determine the shovel entry position; the electric shovel enters the position of the thick intermediate layer; peels off the thick intermediate layer, and after removing a set depth, concentrates on recovering the ore bodies on both sides of the thick intermediate layer.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that step S23 comprises the following steps: step S231: using an electric shovel to shovel from the bottom of the interlayers on both sides; step S232: peeling off the interlayers on both sides respectively; step S233: recovering the intermediate ore body.

[0018] A further improvement of the present invention is that step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step S31: Determine the top plate and bottom column positions of the gently inclined interlayer;

[0020] Step S32: using an electric shovel to shovel from the top plate of the gently inclined interlayer, first shovel the ore body on the top plate of the gently inclined interlayer;

[0021] Step S33: peeling off the middle interlayer of the gently inclined interlayer;

[0022] Step S34: Finally, shovel the ore body of the bottom column of the gently inclined interlayer.

[0023] A further improvement of the present invention is that: the existence of the transverse interlayer is divided into: a transverse top interlayer and a transverse middle interlayer;

[0024] Step S4 includes the following steps:

[0025] Step S41: If the transverse interlayer exists in the form of a transverse top interlayer, the transverse top interlayer is firstly removed by a backhoe, and then the ore body at the bottom of the transverse top interlayer is recovered by an electric shovel;

[0026] Step S42: If the transverse interlayer exists in the form of a transverse middle interlayer, first build a platform, use a backhoe on the platform to mine the ore body above the transverse middle interlayer, then peel off the transverse middle interlayer, and finally shovel the ore body below the transverse middle interlayer and recover the platform.

[0027] A further improvement of the present invention is that in step S1, if the inclination angle of the interlayer is greater than 55°, the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer; if the inclination angle of the interlayer is greater than 0° and less than 55°, the interlayer is a gently inclined interlayer; if the inclination angle of the interlayer is 0°, the interlayer is a transverse interlayer.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] The removal method of the present invention first distinguishes the existence form of the interlayer by the inclination angle of the interlayer, and then selects a suitable removal method in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of the interlayer, thereby effectively improving the quality of the stripped ore. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is the shovel position quality distribution diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the interlayer inclination angle calculation of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ore bodies on both sides of the middle interlayer of the steeply inclined interlayer of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of interlayers on both sides of the middle ore body of the steeply inclined interlayer of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a gently inclined interlayer of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the transverse middle interlayer of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a transverse top sandwich of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the roof removal of the transverse top interlayer of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 9 is a function curve of an existing elimination method that does not adopt the present invention;

[0039] Fig.10 It is the function curve after adopting the elimination method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] The useful components of the ore are mainly CaCO3, the harmful impurity MgCO3, and the main components of acid insoluble matter are SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, among which SiO2 is the main component, and contains trace amounts of K2O, Na2O, P2O5, and TiO2. The processing technology is mechanical crushing followed by sorting. The main product of the mine is alkali stone, as shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1

[0043] Product Name <![CDATA[Calcium carbonate content]]> <![CDATA[MgCO3 content]]> <![CDATA[SiO2 content]]> Impurity content Soda Stone ≥89％ ≤6％ No requirement ≤7％

[0044] In this application, interlayer refers to waste rock, which includes surrounding rock and interlayer.

[0045] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products. Taking a multi-interlayer ore body as the engineering background, the interlayers and surrounding rocks (hereinafter collectively referred to as interlayers) in the mining area are classified, and the removal methods of various interlayers are unified, thereby reducing the ore depletion rate and improving the qualified rate and stability of ore products.

[0046] Specifically, the present invention provides a method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step S0: According to the physical characteristics of the ore in the blast pile, the blast pile is sampled and inspected, and a shovel position quality distribution diagram is drawn, such as Figure 1 According to the inspection results and the shovel quality distribution map, the boundaries of each ore body interlayer are marked, and the inclination of the key interlayer is measured using RTK measuring instruments.

[0048] The physical properties of the ore include ore color, bedding, rock organization structure and morphology, etc. The shovel quality distribution map contains the clear operation shovel number, drawing date, blast pile orientation, quality of each layer, width of each layer, ore-rock boundary mark and other information.

[0049] Wherein, step S0 includes the following steps:

[0050] Step S01: Explosion pile sampling.

[0051] The sampling of blast piles follows the following three principles: Representative principle: including all types of rocks and ores in the blast pile; Standardization principle: sampling is carried out in equal distances and in equal quantities according to the sampling specifications; Segmentation principle: sampling is carried out separately according to the lithology segmentation method. The sampling of blast piles must adopt a continuous sampling method along the thickness direction of the ore body (perpendicular to the direction of the rock layer), with the original rock as the main sample, and no soil blocks can be mixed in.

[0052] Step S02: Ore inspection: Determine the chemical composition of the ore according to the national standard GB / T 3286.11-2022 limestone chemical analysis method to obtain the test results.

[0053] Step S03: Draw a shovel position quality distribution diagram according to the test results;

[0054] Step S04: measuring the interlayer coordinates and determining the interlayer inclination angle.

[0055] The relative coordinates of the interlayer points are measured using an RTK measuring instrument, and the inclination of the key interlayer is calculated based on the relative coordinates. In this application, there are two interlayer points, namely the first measurement point and the second measurement point. Figure 2 shown.

[0056] The calculation formula of interlayer inclination angle is:

[0057] Wherein, φ is the inclination angle of the interlayer, in degrees; x1 and x2 are the lateral coordinates of the first measuring point and the second measuring point, in meters; y1 and y2 are the longitudinal coordinates of the first measuring point and the second measuring point, in meters.

[0058] Step S05: determining the inclination degree of the interlayer based on the inclination angle of the interlayer.

[0059] Step S1: differentiating the existence form of the interlayer according to the inclination angle of the interlayer; the existence form of the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer, a gently inclined interlayer or a transverse interlayer.

[0060] Based on the natural splitting angle of 55° of loose blast pile in open-pit mines, interlayers are divided into steeply inclined interlayers and gently inclined interlayers. Steeply inclined interlayers are interlayers with an inclination angle (angle with the ground) of more than 55°, mostly 65° and above; gently inclined interlayers are interlayers with an inclination angle (angle with the ground) of less than 55°, mostly 30° and below. There is a special kind of interlayer among interlayers: transverse interlayers.

[0061] Step 2: If the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer, further determine the existence form of the steeply inclined interlayer, and determine the removal method of the steeply inclined interlayer based on the thickness of the interlayer.

[0062] The specific implementation steps of step 2 are as follows:

[0063] Step S21: determining the existence form of the steeply inclined interlayer, which is divided into: ore bodies on both sides of the middle interlayer and interlayers on both sides of the middle ore body;

[0064] Step S22: If the steeply inclined interlayer is the ore body on both sides of the middle interlayer, Figure 3 As shown, the thickness of the middle interlayer can be further determined;

[0065] In specific use, a sandwich thickness threshold is preset, and the sandwich thickness threshold is determined based on the width of the electric shovel bucket and the flow effect on both sides of the electric shovel bucket during actual production. In this embodiment, the width of the electric shovel bucket is 2.34m. The sandwich thickness threshold is 3m.

[0066] When the thickness of the middle interlayer is less than or equal to the interlayer thickness threshold, the middle interlayer is a narrow middle interlayer.

[0067] The method for removing the narrow middle interlayer is: directly arrange an oil backhoe with a bucket width of 1m to strip the narrow middle interlayer in advance, and then process the ore bodies on both sides.

[0068] When the thickness of the intermediate interlayer is greater than the interlayer thickness threshold, the intermediate interlayer is a thick intermediate interlayer.

[0069] The method of removing the thick interlayer is: first determine the shovel position (the electric shovel is facing the position of the thick interlayer); peel off the thick interlayer (it should be noted that during the peeling process, when the ore bodies on both sides split toward the middle, they need to be picked up in time and stored accordingly); after removing a set depth, the ore bodies on both sides of the thick interlayer are concentrated for recycling. In this embodiment, the set depth is equal to the interlayer thickness threshold. Proceed in parallel according to this removal method.

[0070] Step S23: If the steeply inclined interlayer is the interlayer on both sides of the middle ore body, Figure 4 As shown, the interlayers on both sides are removed first, and then the middle ore body is recovered.

[0071] Specifically, when the steeply inclined interlayer is the interlayer on both sides of the middle ore body, it is removed in the following way:

[0072] Step S231: the electric shovel enters the ore body from the left interlayer or the right interlayer;

[0073] Step S232: peeling off the left interlayer and the right interlayer respectively;

[0074] Step S233: Recover the intermediate ore body.

[0075] The general principle for removing the interlayers on both sides of the middle ore body is to give priority to removing the interlayers on both sides, and the interlayers on both sides should be treated first at the mine waste boundary, and the middle ore body should be retained. This situation can also be applied to the recovery of extremely narrow ore bodies.

[0076] Step S3: If the interlayer is a gently inclined interlayer, mining is performed from top to bottom.

[0077] Specifically, no matter where the gently inclined interlayer is located, in order to avoid mixing of goods, the bottom pillar should be retained and the top plate should be treated first, and mining should be carried out in layers from top to bottom.

[0078] Therefore, the method of eliminating the gently inclined interlayer is:

[0079] Step S31: Determine the top plate and bottom column positions;

[0080] Step S32: Use an electric shovel to shovel from the top plate, first shoveling the ore body on the top plate;

[0081] Step S33: peeling off the middle interlayer;

[0082] Step S34: Finally, shovel the ore body of the bottom pillar.

[0083] like Figure 5 As shown, it is a typical gently inclined interlayer, which is located in the middle of the ore body. Therefore, the right side of the gently inclined interlayer is the top plate (in the figure, the blue-gray ore body with a CaCO3 content of 85.98%). The gently inclined interlayer, the left side of the gently inclined interlayer, and the right side of the gently inclined interlayer are the bottom column.

[0084] When loading, use an electric shovel to shovel from the right side of the gently inclined interlayer, and give priority to loading the blue-gray ore body with a CaCO3 content of 85.98% on the right side of the gently inclined interlayer. Because the inclination of the gently inclined interlayer is less than 55°, it is supported stably by the bottom column, so the interlayer in the middle will not be split during the process of loading the top plate, avoiding mixing of goods.

[0085] Afterwards, the middle gently inclined interlayer is peeled off. During the process of peeling off the middle gently inclined interlayer, the ore body with a CaCO3 content of 87.38% at the bottom (the ore body on the left side of the gently inclined interlayer) becomes the bottom pillar of the middle gently inclined interlayer. Due to the slow inclination angle, the bottom pillar will not fall off during the process of peeling off the middle gently inclined interlayer, thus avoiding mixing of goods.

[0086] Finally, the ore body with a CaCO3 content of 87.38% on the left side of the gently inclined interlayer was shoveled.

[0087] Step S4: If the interlayer is a transverse interlayer, determine a method for removing the transverse interlayer according to the existence form of the transverse interlayer.

[0088] Transverse interlayer refers to the interlayer inclination angle close to 0°, which is mainly divided into two situations: when the transverse interlayer appears in the middle part of the explosive pile (transverse middle interlayer) and when the transverse interlayer appears at the top of the explosive pile (transverse top interlayer).

[0089] Step S41: Horizontal middle sandwich (such as Figure 6The treatment principle of the gently inclined interlayer is the same as that of the top plate, and the bottom column should be treated first. The specific elimination method is as follows:

[0090] Step 1: Arrange the backhoe to eat. The shovel should be placed facing the blast pile. Use ore with a CaCO3 content of 93.62% to build a high platform (until the upper ore body in the horizontal middle interlayer can be eaten).

[0091] Step 2: After the ore body above the horizontal middle interlayer is consumed, peel off the horizontal middle interlayer.

[0092] Step 3: Finally, shovel the ore body at the lower part of the horizontal middle interlayer and finally recover the high platform.

[0093] Step S42: When the horizontal top interlayer or virtual slag (waste rock, large blocks) covers the bottom ore body, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The specific elimination method is as follows:

[0094] Step 1: Prioritize backhoeing to the top of the blast pile to remove the top of the horizontal top interlayer until the bottom ore body is exposed.

[0095] Step 2: Arrange the electric shovel to shovel directly into the explosion pile location.

[0096] Step 3: Concentrated recovery of the bottom ore body (CaCO3 content is 88.59%).

[0097] The present invention has counted 437 rounds of data on the quality of the alkali stone product before the standard interlayer removal operation (data when the method is not used) and 255 rounds of data after the standard interlayer removal operation (data after the method of the present invention is used). The following is a summary of the alkali stone product quality pass rate and the alkali stone product quality stability. As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, the alkali stone calcium point pass rate in the early stage was 94.7%, and the alkali stone calcium point pass rate in the later stage reached 95.3%, which was 0.5% higher than that in the previous stage.

[0098] Table 2 Early stage alkali stone quality qualified rate table

[0099] Restrictions quantity Proportion Calcium point qualified 414 94.7％ Calcium point failure 23 5.3％ total 437 100％

[0100] Table 3 The quality pass rate of alkali stone in the later period

[0101] Restrictions quantity Proportion Calcium point qualified 243 95.3％ Calcium point failure 12 4.7％ total 255 100％

[0102] The variance of the 437 sets of data in the early stage and the 255 sets of data in the later stage of the quality of the alkali stone was statistically analyzed (the variance can intuitively reflect the stability of the data. The closer the variance result is to 1, the more stable the product quality is). Among them, the variance of the 437 sets of data in the early stage is 2.23, and the variance of the 255 sets of data in the later stage is 1.97, which shows that the stability of the quality of the alkali stone in the later stage has increased by 11.6% compared with the early stage. Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The function curve diagram is used to determine the stability of the quality data of the early and late alkali stones.

[0103] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for removing interlayers to control the quality of ore products, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: differentiating the existence form of the interlayer according to the inclination angle of the interlayer; the existence form of the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer, a gently inclined interlayer or a transverse interlayer; Step S2: if the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer, determine the existence form of the steeply inclined interlayer, and determine the removal method of the steeply inclined interlayer in combination with the thickness of the interlayer; Step S3: If the interlayer is a gently inclined interlayer, mining is performed from top to bottom; Step S4: If the interlayer is a transverse interlayer, a method for removing the transverse interlayer is determined according to the existence form of the transverse interlayer.

2. A method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S21: determining the existence form of the steeply inclined interlayer, which is divided into: ore bodies on both sides of the middle interlayer and interlayers on both sides of the middle ore body; Step S22: if the steeply inclined interlayer is the ore body on both sides of the middle interlayer, judging whether the middle interlayer is an middle interlayer or a thick middle interlayer according to the thickness of the middle interlayer; If the interlayer is narrow, use a backhoe to peel it off; if the interlayer is thick, use an electric shovel to remove it; Step S23: If the steeply inclined interlayers are interlayers on both sides of the middle ore body, the interlayers on both sides are removed first, and then the middle ore body is recovered.

3. A method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products according to claim 2, characterized in that: If the thickness of the middle interlayer is less than or equal to the preset interlayer thickness threshold, it is a narrow middle interlayer. The specific method of stripping the narrow middle interlayer using a backhoe is: use a backhoe to strip the narrow middle interlayer in advance, and then strip the ore bodies on both sides of the narrow middle interlayer.

4. A method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products according to claim 2, characterized in that: If the thickness of the middle interlayer is greater than the preset interlayer thickness threshold, it is a thick middle interlayer; The specific method of using an electric shovel to remove the thick intermediate layer is: determine the shovel entry position; the electric shovel enters the position of the thick intermediate layer; peels off the thick intermediate layer, and after removing a set depth, concentrates on recovering the ore bodies on both sides of the thick intermediate layer.

5. The method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S23 includes the following steps: Step S231: using an electric shovel to shovel from the bottom of the interlayers on both sides; Step S232: peeling off the interlayers on both sides respectively; Step S233: Recover the intermediate ore body.

6. A method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 includes the following steps: Step S31: Determine the top plate and bottom column positions of the gently inclined interlayer; Step S32: using an electric shovel to shovel from the top plate of the gently inclined interlayer, first shovel the ore body on the top plate of the gently inclined interlayer; Step S33: peeling off the middle interlayer of the gently inclined interlayer; Step S34: Finally, shovel the ore body of the bottom column of the gently inclined interlayer.

7. The method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The existence forms of transverse interlayers are divided into: transverse top interlayer and transverse middle interlayer; Step S4 includes the following steps: Step S41: If the transverse interlayer exists in the form of a transverse top interlayer, the transverse top interlayer is firstly removed by a backhoe, and then the ore body at the bottom of the transverse top interlayer is recovered by an electric shovel; Step S42: If the transverse interlayer exists in the form of a transverse middle interlayer, first build a platform, use a backhoe on the platform to mine the ore body above the transverse middle interlayer, then peel off the transverse middle interlayer, and finally shovel the ore body below the transverse middle interlayer and recover the platform.

8. The method for removing interlayers for controlling the quality of ore products according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, if the inclination angle of the interlayer is greater than 55°, the interlayer is a steeply inclined interlayer; if the inclination angle of the interlayer is greater than 0° and less than 55°, the interlayer is a gently inclined interlayer; if the inclination angle of the interlayer is 0°, the interlayer is a transverse interlayer.

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