Wild-imitating overwintering black fungus cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for imitating wild overwintering black fungus. In order to solve the problems that black fungus is mainly cultivated in spring and autumn in the current market, especially the labor cost is high due to the fact that spring black fungus picking periods are concentrated in a cold region, and the quality of black fungus cultivated at high temperature is reduced, the invention provides a novel cultivation method. According to the method, the overwintering cultivation of the black fungus is realized through a series of fine management measures such as autumn germination accelerating, germination accelerating management, wild-imitating overwintering, spring growth recovery and fruiting management by utilizing the characteristic that black fungus mycelia still can survive at low temperature. By means of the method, the low-temperature growth time of the black fungus is prolonged, the quality and taste of the black fungus are improved, the harvesting time of the overwintering black fungus and the spring black fungus is staggered, the problem that manpower is insufficient in the spring black fungus picking period is solved, and the productivity and economic benefits of fungus farmers are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for simulating the cultivation of wild overwintering black fungus. Background Art

[0002] Currently, Northeastern black fungus on the market is mainly cultivated in spring and autumn, especially in Heilongjiang Province. The spring fungus picking period is concentrated, resulting in high labor costs and limiting the production capacity and scale of mushroom farmers.

[0003] Black fungus grows slowly at lower temperatures, but the mycelium is strong, the ear pieces are dark in color and thick, and the quality is high. At higher temperatures, the mycelium grows quickly, but it is easy to cause the mycelium to grow too long and age, the ear pieces are thin, and it is easy to have ear discharge. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem that black fungus is mainly cultivated in spring and autumn in the current market, especially in cold areas such as Heilongjiang Province, the black fungus picking period in spring is concentrated, resulting in high labor costs, and the quality of cultivated black fungus under high temperature conditions is reduced, the present invention provides a method for cultivating black fungus that simulates wild wintering. The method utilizes the survival ability of black fungus mycelium under low temperature conditions in winter, preserves black fungus cultivars outdoors, and thus realizes the cultivation technology of black fungus overwintering. Due to the strong alternating cold and warm stimulation, the growth characteristics of the overwintering black fungus have changed, and the characteristics are yellow-brown color, slightly thin ear pieces, fast growth rate, and excellent ear quality, which significantly improves the commercial value and taste of black fungus.

[0005] The present invention aims to improve the quality and taste of black fungus through a wild overwintering cultivation method, while solving the problem of high labor costs for spring picking. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0006] 1. Autumn germination measures: The present invention performs germination treatment on black fungus strains in autumn, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Time schedule: Taking Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province as an example, the original species is produced in early June and the cultivated species is produced in mid-July to early August.

[0008] Strain selection: Choose high-quality black fungus strains with strong cold resistance, strong adaptability and good growth potential.

[0009] Germination time: Germination treatment is carried out from mid-September to early October.

[0010] Puncture operation: Each bag has 200 to 220 openings, with a hole diameter of 3 to 4 mm, to stimulate the differentiation of primordia to form ear buds.

[0011] 2. Germination management: Conduct centralized germination outdoors. The temperature inside the ear bed should be controlled above 10°C and not exceed 25°C, and the humidity should be maintained above 70 - 95%. Keep the soil and the bed surface moist by covering with straw curtains and spraying water regularly, and ventilate appropriately at the same time.

[0012] 3. Simulated wild wintering: Maintain appropriate humidity, take heat preservation and moisture preservation measures, ventilate appropriately, and regularly check the covering materials to enable the Auricularia auricula mycelium to naturally enter the dormant state and overwinter safely.

[0013] 4. Spring growth recovery: In the following spring, when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5°C, gradually remove the covering materials to allow the mycelium to adapt to the natural environment, and conduct ear bed management for ear emergence.

[0014] 5. Ear emergence management: Place the overwintered Auricularia auricula fungus bags on the ear bed covered with plastic sheeting. The fungus bags should be arranged in a "pin" shape with a spacing of 10 - 15 cm. Then cover and compact the fungus bags tightly with plastic sheeting and short straw curtains, and utilize the suitable temperature and humidity in spring to stimulate the mycelium to resume growth. Promote ear flap differentiation and growth by spraying water to increase humidity and ensuring sufficient natural light. The overwintered Auricularia auricula has a rapid ear emergence and quick moisture return. Therefore, although the overwintered Auricularia auricula and spring Auricularia auricula are placed at the same time, the harvest can be staggered.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0016] Through simulated wild wintering cultivation, the low-temperature growth time of Auricularia auricula is extended, and the quality and taste of Auricularia auricula are improved; the ears of the overwintered Auricularia auricula fungus are yellowish-brown, the ear flaps are slightly thinner, the growth is rapid, the ear quality is good, and it has high commercial value and market competitiveness; the harvest periods of the overwintered Auricularia auricula and spring Auricularia auricula are staggered, solving the problem of insufficient labor during the spring Auricularia auricula picking period, and improving the production capacity and economic benefits of mushroom farmers.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a physical diagram of the perforation treatment of the Auricularia auricula fungus bag;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a physical diagram of the placement of the Auricularia auricula fungus bag for germination outdoors;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a scene diagram of covering the Auricularia auricula fungus bag for germination outdoors;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a physical diagram of the outdoor overwintering storage of the Auricularia auricula fungus bag;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a physical diagram of the management of separating the beds of the Auricularia auricula fungus bag after overwintering;

[0022] Figure 6 It is the Auricularia auricula placed on a drying rack for drying after picking. Specific implementation mode

[0023] Measures for autumn germination: The time for autumn germination should be from mid-September to early October; Selection of fungus strains: High-quality black fungus strains with strong cold resistance and screening should be selected to ensure their strong adaptability and vigorous growth.

[0024] Puncture operation: Choose the appropriate opening method. For farmers with rich management experience, it is recommended to choose "I" shaped opening, because the ear root of "I" shaped opening is small, the single piece rate is high, and the product has good commercial quality; for farmers with insufficient management experience, it is recommended to choose "Y" or "O" shaped opening, which is not easy to block the buds. Each mushroom stick should have 200 to 220 openings, with a hole diameter of 3 to 4 mm, to ensure that the mushroom bag and the mushroom film are pierced to stimulate the differentiation of primordium to form ear buds. (See Figure 1 )

[0025] You can choose to place the mushroom bags on the outdoor bed (see Figure 2 ), fasten the plastic sheet tightly, cover with straw mat or cotton felt, and carry out centralized germination (see Figure 3 ). In the autumn germination process, temperature control of wintering black fungus is one of the key factors. The following are some technical points:

[0026] 1. Management after the mushroom stick is opened: After the mushroom stick is pierced, the respiratory metabolism of the mycelium will be strengthened, releasing a large amount of heat and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the black fungus mushroom sticks placed on the bed need to be ventilated and dissipated in time to prevent high temperature from burning the mushrooms. The temperature in the bed should be controlled below 25℃.

[0027] 2. Temperature control: After the wound at the opening of the black fungus stick heals (the mycelium turns white), the temperature in the ear bed should be controlled between 10℃ and 25℃, and the relative humidity of the air should be controlled between 80% and 85%. If the temperature exceeds 25℃, ventilation should be increased; if the temperature is below 10℃, ventilation should be stopped. When the temperature is low, you can open some straw curtains during the day to increase the temperature, and cover the straw curtains at night to store heat and keep warm. At noon, if the temperature is higher than 26℃, you can cover the straw curtains or sunshade nets to cool down.

[0028] 3. Humidity control: The humidity in the ear bed should be maintained between 70% and 95%. If the humidity is insufficient, you can spray water on the ground in the ear bed. Spraying water should be done in small amounts and multiple times to prevent the soil from becoming compacted. Spray 5 to 6 times a day, and each time should not exceed 4 minutes. When there is a layer of water vapor on the plastic film covering the mushroom sticks, but no water is dripping, it means that the humidity is appropriate. If the humidity inside is too high, you can open the plastic sheet and straw curtain for a while and cover them again at night.

[0029] 4. Ventilation: The purpose of germination acceleration is to speed up the growth of ear buds in the fungus bags. It is necessary to ensure ventilation to increase the oxygen content while preventing water loss from the fungus bed caused by strong winds. Generally, the measure taken is to moderately lift the straw curtains for ventilation on the premise of ensuring moisture, but the time should not be too long, and the straw curtains used should not be too dense. It is appropriate to lift the straw curtains for 30 to 40 minutes in the early morning and evening.

[0030] Through the above measures, the temperature during the autumn germination period of overwintering Auricularia auricula can be effectively controlled, thereby promoting the growth of hyphae and the formation of ear buds, laying a solid foundation for the high yield and good quality of overwintering Auricularia auricula.

[0031] The wild imitation overwintering management measures are as follows:

[0032] 1. Maintain appropriate humidity: Before overwintering, humid management should be carried out, with a humidity of about 90%, to ensure that the fungus bags fully absorb water for winter use. During overwintering, if the environment is too dry, water can be appropriately sprayed to maintain humidity, but excessive water should be avoided to prevent the mycelium from rotting.

[0033] 2. Appropriate heat preservation measures: Cover the fungus bags with plastic film and straw curtains to form a small environment for heat preservation and moisture retention to protect the mycelium to overwinter safely. (See Figure 4 )

[0034] 3. Appropriate ventilation: Although heat preservation and moisture retention are crucial, appropriate ventilation should also be ensured to prevent diseases caused by excessive humidity.

[0035] 4. Regular inspection: Regularly check the coverings to prevent them from being damaged and ensure that the fungus bags are not affected by the harsh external weather.

[0036] 5. Winter dormancy: As the external temperature drops, the Auricularia auricula mycelium will naturally enter the dormant state, and no special management is required at this time. The changes in winter temperature should be monitored to ensure that the fungus bags are not affected by extreme low temperatures. If necessary, additional coverings can be added to provide extra protection.

[0037] These measures help ensure the health of the overwintering Auricularia auricula mycelium in winter and lay a good foundation for spring growth and yield.

[0038] Spring recovery growth: In the following spring, when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5°C, gradually remove the coverings to allow the mycelium to adapt to the natural environment. Conduct ear-growing management by separating the beds, and the management measures are the same as those for spring Auricularia auricula:

[0039] 1. Arrangement of fungus bags: First, place the overwintered fungus bags on the fungus bed covered with plastic sheeting on the surface. The fungus bags should be placed in a "pin" shape at an interval of 10 - 15 cm. Then cover the fungus bags with plastic sheeting and short straw curtains to utilize the suitable temperature and humidity in spring to stimulate the mycelium to resume growth. (See Figure 5)

[0040] 2. Temperature control: The temperature fluctuates greatly in spring. If the temperature exceeds 25℃, ventilation needs to be increased; if it is below 10℃, ventilation should be stopped to prevent freezing. The temperature is lower at night, so you can warm up by partially uncovering the covering during the day and then cover it again at night to keep warm. When covering the plastic film, vents should be reserved to facilitate heat dissipation and gas exchange. The ventilation volume and frequency should be adjusted in time according to the temperature and the growth of the ear pieces.

[0041] 3. Humidity management: If the humidity is insufficient, water spraying should be used to promote differentiation of the ear pieces. Water spraying management should be flexibly controlled according to weather changes. The specific strategy is: do not spray water when the temperature is below 15℃, spray water appropriately during the day when the temperature is 15℃~25℃, and spray water in the morning and evening when the temperature is above 25℃. In the early stage, spray less and more frequently. As the ear body grows, the amount of water sprayed will also increase. Spray less on cloudy days, spray more on sunny days, and do not spray on rainy days.

[0042] 4. Light management: Black fungus that have overwintered will resume growth and need sufficient light to promote the formation and growth of ear buds. If there is insufficient natural light, the cover should be removed in time to ensure sufficient light.

[0043] 5. Ventilation: As the temperature rises in spring, ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the temperature and humidity in the ear bed and prevent the occurrence of diseases caused by excessive temperature and humidity. The time and frequency of ventilation should be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0044] 6. Water management: In spring, when the overwintering black fungus resumes growth, the frequency and amount of water spraying should be adjusted according to the growth stage of the black fungus and weather conditions. Water should be sprayed in small amounts and multiple times, alternating between dry and wet to ensure that the fungus can evenly absorb water.

[0045] 7. Harvesting and drying: The overwintering black fungus ear pieces are yellow-brown. When the black fungus ear pieces are basically unfolded, they should be harvested in time. After harvesting, the ear pieces should be placed on the drying rack for drying. (See Figure 6 )

[0046] The wild-simulated overwintering black fungus cultivation technology of the present invention can effectively improve the quality and taste of black fungus and meet the market demand for high-quality black fungus.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating wild overwintering black fungus, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Autumn germination promotion measures: Select high-quality Auricularia auricula-judae strains with strong cold resistance, strong adaptability and good growth potential, and carry out germination promotion treatment from mid-September to early October to form ear buds; Germination promotion management: Conduct centralized germination promotion outdoors, keep the temperature of the fungus bags above 10°C and not exceeding 25°C, maintain the humidity above 85%, and ventilate properly at the same time; Wild imitation overwintering: Before overwintering, wet management should be carried out, keep the humidity at 90%, ensure that the fungus bags fully absorb water for winter use, take heat preservation and humidity preservation measures, ventilate properly, and regularly check the covering materials to enable the Auricularia auricula-judae mycelium to overwinter safely; Spring growth recovery: In the following spring, when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5°C, gradually remove the covering materials to allow the mycelium to adapt to the natural environment; Ear emergence management: Place the fungus bags in a "product" shape at an interval of 10-15 cm, and promote ear piece differentiation and growth by spraying water to increase humidity and ensuring sufficient natural light.

2. The method for cultivating wild overwintering black fungus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time for autumn germination promotion is arranged from mid-September to early October.

3. The method for cultivating wild-like overwintering black fungus according to claim 1, further characterized in that: Before overwintering, make the fungus bags absorb enough water for winter use, take heat preservation and humidity preservation measures, and overwinter outdoors.

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