Planting method for excellent single-plant clonal seedlings of longfruit ginseng

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting excellent single-plant clonal seedlings of red ginseng, and belongs to the technical field of red ginseng planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation: deeply ploughing soil, applying farmyard manure after ploughing is completed, and ridging by using a ridger; (2) seedling planting: planting the cultivated crateva unilocularis excellent single-plant tissue culture seedlings; (3) spraying of a quality improver: spraying the quality improver and one thousandth of monopotassium phosphate leaf fertilizer to the red ginseng in the fruit bearing period; and (4) field management: performing watering, pest killing and weeding management on the longfruit ginseng. The problem that the quality of the longfruit ginseng is relatively poor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of red ginseng planting, and in particular to a method for planting high-quality single-plant asexual seedlings of red ginseng. Background Art

[0002] Red ginseng (Campanumoea lancifolia (Roxb.) Merr. [Campanula lancefolia Roxb.]), a perennial upright or creeping herb, is mainly distributed in southwest, east and south my country. It grows in forest margins, sparse woodlands, grasslands or shrubs at an altitude of 300-1500m. Red ginseng is a berry-type fruit that can be used as both medicine and food. It is rich in a large number of physiologically active ingredients such as flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and has high nutritional value. As a new type of health fruit, it is gradually becoming popular. In addition, since red ginseng can produce fruits for many years after planting for one year, has a high yield and is resistant to storage, it can well fill the gap in the fruit market. However, the quality of red ginseng fruits is uneven, and the fruit is prone to poor sweetness, less juice, and lower crispness, resulting in mixed reviews on the market value of red ginseng. At present, the main method is to select superior plants for asexual cultivation, and at the same time combine fertilization, shaping and pruning to improve the fruit quality. However, the effect of improving fruit quality is poor, and a large amount of labor costs are required.

[0003] Therefore, how to increase the nutritional content of red ginseng and improve the quality of its fruit is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting excellent single-plant asexual seedlings of red fruit ginseng, which solves the problem of poor quality of red fruit ginseng fruits.

[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0006] A method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Soil preparation: select fertile loam, plough the soil 30-35 cm deep, apply 600-800 kg / mu of farmyard manure after ploughing, use a ridging machine to make ridges, the soil surface of the ridges is 40 cm above the ground, the distance between ridges is between 1.5-2 m, and the width of each ridge is between 4-5 m. Dig drainage ditches between ridges, the depth of the ditches is 20-25 cm, and the width of the ditches is 30-35 cm;

[0008] (2) Planting seedlings: Plant the tissue culture seedlings of red ginseng in four rows in one ridge, with a spacing of 60-100 cm between plants and 80 cm between rows. After completion, cover the roots of the seedlings with a thin layer of soil and irrigate with water to establish roots, followed by film covering;

[0009] (3) Spraying of quality improvers: Spray the red ginseng in the fruiting period with quality improvers and 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer;

[0010] (4) Field management: watering, fertilizing, pest control and weeding to maintain the normal growth of red fruit ginseng.

[0011] Furthermore, the method of using the quality improver in step (3) is as follows: at the early stage of fruiting in November, the quality improver is diluted 40 times with water to obtain a quality improver dilution, and the quality improver dilution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the red fruit ginseng leaves, and then sprayed once every 15 days, with the amount of each spraying being 50-80 mL / plant.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for using the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer in step (3) is as follows: one week after the spraying of the quality improver dilution solution, the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and then the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 2 weeks, and the amount of each spraying is 60-100 mL / plant.

[0013] Furthermore, when the quality improver and the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer are sprayed on the same day, the quality improver is sprayed first, and the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 hours later.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the quality improver is:

[0015] S1: adding Tween-80 to water, stirring evenly to obtain a Tween-80 solution, heating the solution temperature to 90-100° C., adding rosin resin to the Tween-80 solution, stirring at 800-1000 rpm with a magnetic stirrer for 20-30 minutes to obtain an emulsion;

[0016] S2: adding polyoxyethylene coconut oil to water, stirring evenly and cooling to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and then adding carboxymethyl cellulose, emulsion and mesoporous composite particles to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, mixing evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0017] S3: Add Carbomer 940 to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % Carbomer 940 solution, then add the mixed solution and mix well to obtain a quality improver.

[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of rosin resin, Tween-80 and water in S1 is (4-5):(0.2-0.3):(40-50).

[0019] Furthermore, the preparation method of the mesoporous composite particles in step S2 is as follows:

[0020] The mesoporous graphene is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mesoporous graphene dispersion, which is then ultrasonically treated for 2-3 hours. Tetrabutyl titanate is added during stirring to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution is placed in a hydrothermal kettle, placed in an oven, and hydrothermally heated at 180-200°C for 3-5 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The product is allowed to stand for separation, washed, and dried at 300-350°C for 3-4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain mesoporous composite particles loaded with titanium dioxide.

[0021] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the mesoporous graphene dispersion to tetrabutyl titanate is (0.8-1):(0.01-0.012), wherein the concentration of the mesoporous graphene dispersion is 0.5-0.6 mg / mL, and the particle size of the graphene is 30-50 nm.

[0022] Furthermore, the mass ratio of polyoxyethylene coconut oil, carboxymethyl cellulose, emulsion and mesoporous composite particles is: (0.8-1):(3-5):(1-1.2):(1.2-1.5).

[0023] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the Carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is (1-1.2):3.

[0024] The present invention sprays a quality improver on the leaves of red ginseng. The quality improver contains a certain amount of mesoporous composite particles, that is, titanium dioxide is loaded on mesoporous graphene. The mesoporous graphene and titanium dioxide act synergistically to promote the absorption and utilization of light energy by plant leaves, optimize the efficiency of plant conversion to light energy, greatly improve the efficiency of photosynthesis, and then promote the metabolism and operation of the red ginseng, increase the sugar content, anthocyanin and other substances in the red ginseng, and thus improve the quality of the red ginseng. However, during the action of the quality improver, dust and other substances are adsorbed on the surface of titanium dioxide, which will lead to a reduction in the catalytic effect of titanium dioxide, and during the spraying process of the quality improver, it is inevitable that it will be contaminated on the fruit of the red ginseng, making the subsequent cleaning of the red ginseng more difficult. Therefore, Carbomer 940 is added to the quality improver. When the titanium dioxide on the composite particles absorbs light energy, it converts the light energy into heat energy, which leads to an increase in the temperature of the quality improver wrapped on the leaf surface. At this time, the viscosity of Carbomer 940 in the quality improver gradually decreases during the temperature increase, and the interaction between the quality improver and the fruit surface gradually weakens, causing the quality improver to gradually fall off. At the same time, the titanium dioxide whose photocatalytic efficiency gradually decreases during the action process also falls off from the leaf surface with the quality improver. With the regular re-spraying of the quality improver, the composite particles are replenished and covered on the leaf surface again to maintain the effective effect of the quality improver. However, if the quality improver falls off too quickly, it will cause the quality improver to lose its promoting effect on red ginseng. Therefore, in order to ensure the effective duration of the quality improver before re-spraying, rosin resin is added to the quality improver, which can dissolve the wax layer on the surface of the leaves and form intermolecular forces with the wax, thereby enhancing the adhesion of the quality improver on the leaf surface; carboxymethyl cellulose can form a stable network structure on the leaf surface through hydrogen bonding with carammonia, thereby reducing the loss of carammonia; polyoxyethylene coconut acid ester can interact with water molecules in the quality improver, promote the strengthening of the hydrogen bonding structure of the surrounding water molecules, thereby improving the stability of the network structure formed by carboxymethyl cellulose and carammonia; therefore, rosin resin, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyoxyethylene coconut acid ester work synergistically to reduce the shedding of carbomer 940, prolong the adhesion time of the quality improver on the leaf surface, and ensure the effectiveness of the quality improver.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention prepares a quality improver and sprays the quality improver on the leaves of red ginseng, thereby promoting the photosynthesis of the red ginseng, promoting the growth of the fruit, and then increasing the content of nutrients in the red ginseng, thereby effectively improving the quality of the red ginseng. Therefore, the quality improver prepared by the present invention can effectively meet the market demand for red ginseng and promote the development of the red ginseng industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1: Comparison of red ginseng after using quality improver and red ginseng without using quality improver.

[0028] Figure 2 : Cross-section of red ginseng after using quality improver and unused red ginseng. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] Preparation of mesoporous composite particles:

[0032] Mesoporous graphene with a particle size of about 30 nm is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes to obtain a mesoporous graphene dispersion with a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and then ultrasonically treated for 2 hours. Tetrabutyl titanate is added during stirring to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of the mesoporous graphene dispersion to tetrabutyl titanate is 0.8:0.01. The mixed solution is placed in a hydrothermal kettle, placed in an oven, hydroheated at 180°C for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The product is allowed to stand for separation and washing, and then dried at 300°C for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain mesoporous composite particles loaded with titanium dioxide.

[0033] Preparation of quality improver:

[0034] S1: 0.2 g of Tween-80 was added to 40 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 90° C., 4 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 800 rpm for 20 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0035] S2: 0.8 g of polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added to 120 mL of water, stirred evenly, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution. Then, 3 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 g of the emulsion, and 1.2 g of the mesoporous composite particles were added to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0036] S3: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:3, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0037] Planting method of red ginseng:

[0038] (1) Soil preparation: Fertile loam was selected, the soil was plowed 30 cm deep, and after ploughing, 600 kg / mu of farmyard manure was applied. Ridge forming was performed using a ridging machine. The soil surface of the ridge was 40 cm above the ground, the distance between ridges was 1.5 m, and the width of each ridge was 4 m. Drainage ditches were dug between the ridges, the depth of the ditch was 20 cm, and the width of the ditch was 30 cm;

[0039] (2) Planting seedlings: Plant the tissue culture seedlings of red ginseng in four rows in one ridge, with a plant spacing of 60 cm and a distance of 80 cm between each row. After completion, cover the roots of the seedlings with a thin layer of soil and irrigate with water to establish roots, followed by film covering;

[0040] (3) Spraying of quality improver: Spray the quality improver on the red ginseng in the fruiting period. The quality improver is diluted 40 times with water to obtain a quality improver dilution, which is evenly sprayed on the surface of the red ginseng leaves. Thereafter, spray once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 50 mL / plant each time; one week later, spray 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, and then spray once every 2 weeks with 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, with a spraying amount of 60 mL / plant each time;

[0041] (4) Field management: watering, pest control and weeding to maintain the normal growth of red fruit ginseng.

[0042] Embodiment 2:

[0043] Mesoporous graphene with a particle size of about 40 nm was dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 35 minutes to obtain a mesoporous graphene dispersion with a concentration of 0.55 mg / mL, and then ultrasonically treated for 2.5 hours. Tetrabutyl titanate was added during stirring to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of the mesoporous graphene dispersion to tetrabutyl titanate was 0.9:0.011. The mixed solution was placed in a hydrothermal kettle, placed in an oven, hydroheated at 190°C for 4 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. The product was allowed to stand for separation and washing, and then dried at 330°C for 3.5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain mesoporous composite particles loaded with titanium dioxide.

[0044] Preparation of quality improver:

[0045] S1: 0.25 g of Tween-80 was added to 45 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 95° C., 4.5 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 900 rpm for 25 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0046] S2: 0.9 g of polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added to 140 mL of water, stirred evenly, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution. Then, 3.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.1 g of the emulsion, and 1.35 g of the mesoporous composite particles were added to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0047] S3: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1.1:3, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0048] Planting method of red ginseng:

[0049] (1) Soil preparation: Fertile loam was selected, the soil was plowed 30 cm deep, 700 kg / mu of farmyard manure was applied after plowing, and ridges were formed using a ridging machine. The soil surface of the ridges was 40 cm above the ground, the distance between ridges was 1.8 m, and the width of each ridge was 4.5 m. Drainage ditches were dug between the ridges, the depth of the ditches was 23 cm, and the width of the ditches was 33 cm;

[0050] (2) Planting seedlings: Plant the tissue culture seedlings of red ginseng in four rows in one ridge, with a spacing of 80 cm between plants and 80 cm between each row. After completion, cover the roots of the seedlings with a thin layer of soil and irrigate with water to establish roots, followed by film covering;

[0051] (3) Spraying of quality improver: Spray the quality improver on the red ginseng in the fruiting period. The quality improver is diluted 40 times with water to obtain a quality improver dilution, which is evenly sprayed on the surface of the red ginseng leaves. Thereafter, spray once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 65 mL / plant each time; one week later, spray 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, and then spray once every 2 weeks with 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, with a spraying amount of 80 mL / plant each time;

[0052] (4) Field management: watering, fertilizing, pest control and weeding to maintain the normal growth of red fruit ginseng.

[0053] Embodiment 3:

[0054] Mesoporous graphene with a particle size of about 50 nm is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 40 minutes to obtain a mesoporous graphene dispersion with a concentration of 0.6 mg / mL, and then ultrasonically treated for 3 hours. Tetrabutyl titanate is added during stirring to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of the mesoporous graphene dispersion to tetrabutyl titanate is 1:0.012. The mixed solution is placed in a hydrothermal kettle, placed in an oven, hydroheated at 200°C for 5 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. The product is allowed to stand for separation and washing, and then dried at 350°C for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain mesoporous composite particles loaded with titanium dioxide.

[0055] Preparation of quality improver:

[0056] S1: 0.3 g of Tween-80 was added to 50 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 100° C., 5 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 1000 rpm for 20 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0057] S2: 1 g of polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added to 160 mL of water, stirred evenly, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution. Then, 4 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.2 g of the emulsion, and 1.5 g of the mesoporous composite particles were added to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0058] S3: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1.2:3, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0059] Planting method of red ginseng:

[0060] (1) Soil preparation: Fertile loam was selected, the soil was plowed 30 cm deep, 800 kg / mu of farmyard manure was applied after plowing, and ridges were formed using a ridging machine. The soil surface of the ridges was 40 cm above the ground, the distance between ridges was 2 m, and the width of each ridge was 5 m. Drainage ditches were dug between the ridges, the depth of the ditches was 25 cm, and the width of the ditches was 35 cm;

[0061] (2) Planting seedlings: Plant the tissue culture seedlings of red ginseng in four rows in one ridge, with a spacing of 100 cm between plants and 80 cm between rows. After completion, cover the roots of the seedlings with a thin layer of soil and irrigate with water to establish roots, followed by film covering;

[0062] (3) Spraying of quality improver: Spray the quality improver on the red ginseng in the fruiting period. The quality improver is diluted 40 times with water to obtain a quality improver dilution, which is evenly sprayed on the surface of the red ginseng leaves. Thereafter, spray once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 80 mL / plant each time; one week later, spray 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, and then spray once every 2 weeks with a spraying amount of 100 mL / plant each time;

[0063] (4) Field management: watering, fertilizing, pest control and weeding to maintain the normal growth of red fruit ginseng.

[0064] Comparative Example 1:

[0065] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being the preparation of the quality improver, specifically, the volume ratio of the Carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:1, and the specific method is as follows:

[0066] S1: 0.2 g of Tween-80 was added to 40 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 90° C., 4 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 800 rpm for 20 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0067] S2: 0.8 g of polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added to 120 mL of water, stirred evenly, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution. Then, 3 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 g of the emulsion, and 1.2 g of the mesoporous composite particles were added to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0068] S3: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:1, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0069] The planting method of the red fruit ginseng in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0070] Comparative Example 2:

[0071] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that the quality improver is prepared differently, specifically, the volume ratio of the Carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:6, and the specific method is as follows:

[0072] S1: 0.2 g of Tween-80 was added to 40 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 90° C., 4 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 800 rpm for 20 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0073] S2: 0.8 g of polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added to 120 mL of water, stirred evenly, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution. Then, 3 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 g of the emulsion, and 1.2 g of the mesoporous composite particles were added to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0074] S3: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:6, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0075] The planting method of the red fruit ginseng in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 3:

[0077] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that the raw materials of the quality improver are different, specifically, no kalam is added, and the specific method is as follows:

[0078] S1: 0.2 g of Tween-80 was added to 40 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 90° C., 4 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 800 rpm for 20 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0079] S2: Add 0.8 g of polyoxyethylene coconut acid to 120 mL of water, stir well and cool to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut acid solution, then add 3 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 g of emulsion and 1.2 g of mesoporous composite particles to the polyoxyethylene coconut acid solution, mix well and obtain a quality improver.

[0080] The planting method of the red fruit ginseng in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 4:

[0082] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that the raw materials of the quality improver are different, specifically, no rosin resin is added, and the specific method is as follows:

[0083] S1: 0.8 g of polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added to 120 mL of water, stirred evenly, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution. Then, 3 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1.2 g of mesoporous composite particles were added to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0084] S2: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:3, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0085] The planting method of the red fruit ginseng in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 5:

[0087] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that the raw materials of the quality improver are different, specifically, no carboxymethyl cellulose is added, and the specific method is as follows:

[0088] S1: 0.2 g of Tween-80 was added to 40 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 90° C., 4 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 800 rpm for 20 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0089] S2: 0.8 g of polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added to 120 mL of water, stirred evenly, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution. Then, 1 g of the emulsion and 1.2 g of the mesoporous composite particles were added to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0090] S3: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:3, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0091] The planting method of the red fruit ginseng in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 6:

[0093] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that the raw materials of the quality improver are different, specifically, no polyoxyethylene coconut oil ester is added, and the specific method is as follows:

[0094] S1: 0.2 g of Tween-80 was added to 40 g of water, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a Tween-80 solution. The solution was heated to 90° C., 4 g of rosin resin was added to the Tween-80 solution, and the mixture was stirred at 800 rpm for 20 min using a magnetic stirrer to obtain an emulsion.

[0095] S2: 3 g of carboxymethyl cellulose was mixed with 120 mL of water, and then 1 g of the latex and 1.2 g of the mesoporous composite particles were added and mixed to obtain a mixed solution;

[0096] S3: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:3, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0097] The planting method of the red fruit ginseng in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 7:

[0099] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, and the only difference is that the preparation process of the quality improver is different, specifically, it is prepared only from mesoporous composite particles, and the specific method is as follows:

[0100] S1: Add 1.2 g of mesoporous composite particles into 120 mL of water and mix well to obtain a quality improver.

[0101] Comparative Example 8:

[0102] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, and the only difference is that the preparation process of the quality improver is different, specifically, it is prepared only from mesoporous composite particles and calam, and the specific method is as follows:

[0103] S1: Add 1.2 g of mesoporous composite particles into 120 mL of water and mix well to obtain a mixed solution;

[0104] S2: Carbomer 940 is added to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % carbomer 940 solution, and then the mixed solution is added, wherein the volume ratio of the carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:3, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a quality improver.

[0105] The planting method of the red fruit ginseng in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0106] Experiment 1:

[0107] In order to test the effect of the quality improver, a test plot was selected and divided into 10 experimental plots. After plowing, 800 kg / mu of farmyard manure was applied, and the red ginseng tissue culture seedlings were planted. Four rows were planted in one ridge, and the spacing between the plants was 60 cm. The distance between each row was 80 cm. After completion, a thin soil layer was covered on the root of the seedling and watered thoroughly with rooting water, followed by film covering. At the beginning of fruiting in November, the quality improver was diluted 40 times with water, and the quality improver dilution was evenly sprayed on the surface of the red ginseng leaves. Thereafter, it was sprayed every 15 days, and the amount of each spraying was 50 mL / plant. Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3-8 prepared quality improvers according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3-8, respectively. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 used the quality improver prepared in Example 1, and the blank control was not sprayed with the quality improver. One week later, spray 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, and then spray 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer every 2 weeks, with a spraying amount of 60mL / plant each time. During this period, normal watering, insecticide and weeding management were carried out. After the red ginseng matured, 20 red ginseng plants were randomly selected, and the total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, polysaccharides and soluble sugars of the harvested red ginseng were tested. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0108] Table 1

[0109] Total anthocyanins (mg / g) Total flavonoids (mg / g) Polysaccharide (g / 100g) Soluble sugar (%) Example 1 0.95 1.62 0.0389 17.88 Comparative Example 1 0.913 1.4 0.0271 13.94 Comparative Example 2 0.944 1.52 0.0411 16.85 Comparative Example 3 0.946 1.53 0.0434 16.87 Comparative Example 4 0.921 1.41 0.0304 14 Comparative Example 5 0.933 1.48 0.037 16.4 Comparative Example 6 0.934 1.49 0.0374 16.44 Comparative Example 7 0.902 1.32 0.0234 11.02 Comparative Example 8 0.905 1.30 0.0251 11.85 Blank control 0.893 1.21 0.017 9.46

[0110] Experiment 2:

[0111] In order to test the retention rate of the quality improver on the leaves and fruits, and the effect of subsequent automatic shedding, 10 red ginsengs were selected from each experimental group, and the quality improvers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were sprayed on the red ginsengs, respectively. Fluorescent agents were added to the quality improvers prepared in each experimental group, and then the retention rates on the quality improvers were tested at 5 days and 15 days, and the results were averaged, as shown in Table 2:

[0112] Table 2

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Analyzing Table 1 and Table 2, we can get:

[0116] 1. The red ginseng treated with the quality improver prepared in Example 1 has high content of polysaccharides, anthocyanins and flavonoids and the best quality. This is because the retention rate of the quality improver in Example 1 is the highest at 5 days, reaching 85.2%, which can effectively promote the photosynthesis efficiency of red ginseng in the early stage. The retention rate on the 15th day is 20.1%, and it gradually falls off in the later stage. The mesoporous composite particles with reduced photocatalytic efficiency on the leaf surface fall off with the quality improver. With the regular spraying of new mesoporous composite particles, they adhere to the surface of the red ginseng leaves, promoting the photosynthesis of red ginseng and improving the synthesis of polysaccharides, flavonoids, anthocyanins and other substances in red ginseng. The blank control is not sprayed with the quality improver, and the photosynthesis efficiency of red ginseng is low. It cannot provide enough substances that can promote the synthesis of polysaccharides and other substances in red ginseng, resulting in a low content of polysaccharides and other substances in red ginseng. The quality of the red ginseng in the blank control is poor.

[0117] 2. Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the volume ratio of Carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:1, and the amount of Carbomer solution added is too much, resulting in excessive reduction in the viscosity of the quality improver during the action process, making the shedding rate of the quality improver too fast, resulting in the shedding of the mesoporous composite particles in the quality improver. On the 5th day, the retention rate of the quality improver was only 60.5%. In the subsequent process, the leaves did not absorb enough light energy, resulting in a decrease in their photosynthetic rate. Therefore, the total anthocyanins, polysaccharides, and soluble sugars in the red ginseng fruit all showed a downward trend, resulting in the red ginseng being not sweet enough and having a low quality. Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 2, the volume ratio of Carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is 1:6, the amount of Carbomer added is too little, the loss rate of the quality improver on the leaves is low, and the retention rate at 15 days is high. In the later period, with the regular spraying of the quality improver, it gradually accumulates on the surface of the red ginseng leaves, resulting in a decrease in the respiratory efficiency of the leaves, resulting in a decrease in the synthesis rate of polysaccharides and other components in the red ginseng, resulting in a decrease in the content of polysaccharides and other components in the red ginseng of Comparative Example 2. Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 3, Carbomer is not added. During the action of the quality improver, the mesoporous composite particles with gradually reduced photocatalytic effect accumulate on the surface of the leaves, the retention rate of the quality improver is high, and it continues to accumulate on the surface of the leaves with regular spraying, resulting in a decrease in the photosynthesis efficiency and respiration efficiency of the red ginseng, which in turn leads to a decrease in the material metabolism and operation rate of the red ginseng, a decrease in the content of accumulated polysaccharides and soluble sugars, and a decrease in quality.

[0118] 3. Comparative Example 4 Compared with Example 1, no rosin resin was added, and the quality improver fell off faster on the leaves of red ginseng, resulting in the loss of the quality improver's promoting effect on red ginseng, and the photosynthesis efficiency was reduced, thereby resulting in a reduction in the content of anthocyanins, polysaccharides, etc. in the fruit of red ginseng. Therefore, the quality of red ginseng in Comparative Example 4 was low. Comparative Example 5 Compared with Example 1, no carboxymethyl cellulose was added, and the loss rate of kalam was too fast, which led to the too fast shedding rate of the quality improver, resulting in a reduction in the photosynthesis efficiency of red ginseng in Comparative Example 5, and the quality was low. Comparative Example 6 Compared with Example 1, no polyoxyethylene coconut oil was added, and the quality improver fell off faster. This is because polyoxyethylene coconut oil can improve the stability of the quality improver and reduce the loss of the quality improver. Therefore, the loss rate of the quality improver on the surface of the red ginseng leaves in Comparative Example 6 was faster, and the effective effect of the quality improver was reduced, resulting in a low quality of red ginseng.

[0119] 4. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 7 is prepared only from mesoporous composite particles. The mesoporous composite particles with gradually reduced photocatalytic effect are accumulated on the surface of the leaves, resulting in a decrease in the photosynthesis efficiency of the red ginseng, a decrease in the material metabolism and operation rate of the red ginseng, a decrease in the accumulated polysaccharide and soluble sugar content, and a decrease in quality. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 8 is prepared only from mesoporous composite particles and kalam, and the quality improver falls off at a fast rate, and has a low effect on promoting the photosynthesis of the red ginseng, resulting in poor quality of the red ginseng.

[0120] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng, It is characterized in that The method is as follows: (1) Soil preparation: deep tillage the soil, apply farmyard manure after tillage, and use a ridging machine to form ridges; (2) Planting seedlings: Planting the tissue culture seedlings of red ginseng; (3) Spraying of quality improvers: Spray the red ginseng in the fruiting period with quality improvers and 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer; (4) Field management: watering, fertilizing, pest control and weeding management of red fruit ginseng.

2. A method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method of using the quality improver in step (3) is as follows: at the early stage of fruiting in November, the quality improver is diluted 40 times with water to obtain a quality improver dilution, and the quality improver dilution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the red fruit ginseng leaves, and then sprayed once every 15 days, with the amount of each spraying being 50-80 mL / plant.

3. A method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The method for using the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer in step (3) is as follows: one week after the spraying of the quality improver dilution, the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and then the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 2 weeks, and the amount of each spraying is 60-100 mL / plant.

4. A method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 3, It is characterized in that When the quality improver and the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer are sprayed on the same day, the quality improver is sprayed first, and the 1 / 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 hours later.

5. The method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The preparation method of the quality improver is: S1: adding Tween-80 to water, stirring evenly to obtain a Tween-80 solution, heating the solution temperature to 90-100° C., adding rosin resin to the Tween-80 solution, stirring at 800-1000 rpm with a magnetic stirrer for 20-30 minutes to obtain an emulsion; S2: adding polyoxyethylene coconut oil to water, stirring evenly and cooling to room temperature to obtain a polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, and then adding carboxymethyl cellulose, emulsion and mesoporous composite particles to the polyoxyethylene coconut oil solution, mixing evenly to obtain a mixed solution; S3: Add Carbomer 940 to water to swell to obtain a 4 wt % Carbomer 940 solution, then add the mixed solution and mix well to obtain a quality improver.

6. The method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The mass ratio of rosin resin, Tween-80 and water in S1 is (4-5):(0.2-0.3):(40-50).

7. The method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The preparation method of the mesoporous composite particles in step (2) is as follows: The mesoporous graphene is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mesoporous graphene dispersion, which is then ultrasonically treated for 2-3 hours. Tetrabutyl titanate is added during stirring to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution is placed in a hydrothermal kettle, placed in an oven, and hydrothermally heated at 180-200°C for 3-5 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The product is allowed to stand for separation, washed, and dried at 300-350°C for 3-4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain mesoporous composite particles loaded with titanium dioxide.

8. The method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The volume ratio of the mesoporous graphene dispersion to tetrabutyl titanate is (0.8-1):(0.01-0.012), wherein the concentration of the mesoporous graphene dispersion is 0.5-0.6 mg / mL, and the particle size of the mesoporous graphene is 30-50 nm.

9. The method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The mass ratio of the polyoxyethylene coconut oil ester, carboxymethyl cellulose, emulsion and mesoporous composite particles is: (0.8-1): (3-5): (1-1.2): (1.2-1.5).

10. The method for planting high-quality single-plant clone seedlings of red ginseng according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The volume ratio of the Carbomer 940 solution to the mixed solution is (1-1.2):3.

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