Foaming substrate suitable for three-dimensional greening, manufacturing method and cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The invention discloses a foaming substrate suitable for three-dimensional greening, a manufacturing method and a cultivation method. The foaming substrate is prepared from the following raw materials: water, turf, a polyurethane prepolymer, stearic acid surface modified nanoscale calcium carbonate, organic silicon, an antibacterial agent and a nutritional agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, weighing water, turf, stearic acid surface modified nanoscale calcium carbonate, organic silicon, an antibacterial agent and a nutritional agent, and mixing to obtain a prepared material; s2, adding a polyurethane prepolymer into the prepared material, and stirring to obtain a matrix material; and S3, the matrix material is poured into a mold, foaming and demolding are conducted, and the foaming matrix is prepared. The invention discloses a cultivation method of the foaming substrate. The invention further discloses application of the foaming substrate in three-dimensional greening. The foaming matrix prepared by the invention can be flexibly constructed and quickly formed, has high efficiency, is light and portable, and is easy to transfer and transport.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and in particular to a foaming matrix suitable for three-dimensional greening, a preparation method and a cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] As vertical greening is increasingly valued in urban construction, the use of solid soilless cultivation is an inevitable trend in urban vertical greening, and the cultivation matrix, as the basis of this technology, has become the focus of research and development. In terms of the research and development of special cultivation matrices for vertical greening, compared with the developed Western European countries that are at the forefront, my country's research and development of vertical greening and vertical greening cultivation matrices is still in the initial stage. Improving the vertical cultivation performance of the cultivation matrix and reducing the product cost and construction cost are the main development directions of the soilless cultivation matrix for vertical greening. The current form of vertical greening at home and abroad is to add a matrix to the module for planting and combining plants, which has high requirements for the cultivation matrix.

[0003] Traditional three-dimensional cultivation substrates are usually based on soil, which is rich in organic matter and nutrients, and can provide plants with a variety of nutritional elements, but correspondingly, it is also easy to breed pests and diseases. In addition, traditional cultivation substrates are usually heavy, and after being filled with water, they are large and heavy, and are not easy to transport. This limits the form and location of three-dimensional greening, and also has disadvantages such as construction safety hazards.

[0004] The existing three-dimensional cultivation matrix uses a mixture of peat soil and perlite as the cultivation matrix, which has good air permeability and a low content of organic matter, reducing the risk of pests and diseases. However, it requires manual filling and cannot completely fit the structure. It not only consumes human resources, but also has low construction efficiency. After filling, a large amount of water is required, and the whole process is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of cultivation substrate that can be flexibly constructed, quickly formed, highly efficient, lightweight and portable, and easy to transport. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, a new type of cultivation substrate is developed which can be flexibly constructed, quickly formed, highly efficient, lightweight and portable, and easy to transport. The present application provides a foaming substrate suitable for three-dimensional greening, a preparation method and a cultivation method.

[0007] On the one hand, the present application provides a foaming matrix, whose raw material composition includes, by weight: 120-160 parts of water, 70-100 parts of peat, 15-22 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 3-5 parts of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of silicone, 0.1-0.5 parts of antibacterial agent, and 0.1-1 parts of nutrient agent; The content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 1% to 3%.

[0008] By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the raw materials used in this application are simple and the water consumption is small, which reduces the water cost. The prepared foaming matrix can be quickly shaped, has flexible construction, light weight, is easy to transport, and has low safety hazards. It can be widely used in urban three-dimensional flower beds, and its lightweight characteristics can meet the needs of different shapes of urban three-dimensional flower beds.

[0009] The addition of polyurethane prepolymer in the present application can increase the aeration of the cultivation medium, help the respiration and gas exchange of the root system, and promote the healthy growth of the plant; it can also provide support and stability for the root system of the plant, help the root system to take root and develop; and the polyurethane prepolymer is light in weight, which is convenient for transportation and management.

[0010] The application adds stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, which not only increases the porosity and air permeability of the matrix, but also provides calcium, which is beneficial for plant absorption and utilization. Silicone can improve the hydrophobicity of the matrix, improve the weather resistance and service life of the matrix, and at the same time help improve the air permeability and structural stability of the matrix, reduce the water evaporation rate, and help maintain the balance of water and nutrients.

[0011] Optionally, the raw material composition includes, by weight: 130-150 parts of water, 75-95 parts of peat, 16-20 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 3.5-4.5 parts of stearic acid surface modified nano-calcium carbonate, 1.2-1.8 parts of silicone, 0.2-0.4 parts of antibacterial agent, and 0.2-0.8 parts of nutrient agent.

[0012] Optionally, the raw material composition includes, by weight: 140 parts of water, 90 parts of peat, 18 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 4 parts of stearic acid surface-modified nano-calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts of silicone, 0.3 parts of antibacterial agent, and 0.5 parts of nutrient.

[0013] Optionally, the peat is Northeast peat.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, Northeast peat, an organic substance with good water retention and air permeability, can increase the water retention capacity of the foaming matrix, provide the moisture required by plants, and promote the growth and development of the root system.

[0015] Optionally, the average particle size of the peat is 1 to 3 mm.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the average particle size of the peat raw material in this application is 1 to 3 mm, which not only ensures good porosity inside the matrix, which is conducive to air circulation and water penetration, but also is not too fine to cause poor drainage or too coarse to cause loose structure and fail to effectively fix plant roots. Such an average particle size range can form a uniform and stable matrix structure, which is conducive to the growth and rooting of plant roots.

[0017] Optionally, the end of the polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate group; the molecular weight of the polyurethane prepolymer is 1000-5000.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the molecular weight of the polyurethane prepolymer of the present application is 1000-5000, and a stable and uniform foam structure can be produced during the foaming process. If the molecular weight is too low, the foam may be unstable during the foaming process, easily collapse or shrink, and affect plant growth and substrate durability; if the molecular weight is too high, it may cause difficulty in foaming or uneven foam structure, affecting the absorption of water and nutrients by plants.

[0019] Optionally, the organic silicon is selected from at least one of polydimethylsiloxane, methyl silicone oil and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the organosilicon of the present application can improve the hydrophobicity and air permeability of the matrix, reduce the evaporation rate of water, prolong the effective retention time of water in the matrix, and at the same time increase the flexibility and durability of the matrix.

[0021] Optionally, the weight ratio of the stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate to organic silicon is 2 to 3.3:1.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate and silicone work together to improve the hydrophobic and breathable properties of the matrix, prevent excessive water loss, and at the same time enhance the structural stability of the matrix and promote the growth of plant roots.

[0023] Optionally, the antibacterial agent is selected from at least one of sulfur, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl; the nutrient agent is selected from at least one of urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the antibacterial agent of the present application can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogens, fungi and bacteria, and reduce the occurrence of diseases; it not only has a lasting antibacterial effect, but also has no side effects on plants. The nutrient agent of the present application is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements to meet the growth needs of plants.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned foaming matrix, comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a pre-material; S2, adding a formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring, and preparing a matrix material; S3, pouring the matrix material into a mold, foaming, and demoulding to obtain a foamed matrix.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the preparation method adopted by the present application is simple and convenient to operate. The raw materials can be foamed by simply stirring them on site, which avoids the transportation difficulties caused by preparing other common matrices first and then transporting them to the site. The preparation process of the present application does not involve high-temperature energy-consuming processes, is pollution-free, and foams quickly and forms well. Frames of different shapes can be quickly formed, and the on-site construction efficiency is high.

[0027] The foaming matrix prepared in the present application has appropriate bulk density, pH value, EC value and porosity, has a good water-gas circulation basis, and is more conducive to plant rooting.

[0028] Optionally, in step S1, the water temperature is 20-30° C.; in step S2, the stirring time is 15-40 seconds.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the substrate water temperature in this application is selected to be 20-30°C. If the water temperature is too high, the foaming speed will be too fast, affecting the molding. 20-30°C can achieve good foaming efficiency, which is convenient and efficient, and does not require low or high temperatures, which makes the construction complicated. In step S2, the stirring time is 15-40s. At this time, the substrate material is slightly white and can be poured. If the stirring time is too long, it may affect the molding.

[0030] Optionally, in step S3, the pouring time does not exceed 10 seconds; the foaming time is 15 to 60 seconds, and the foaming environment temperature is 18 to 40°C.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application needs to be poured within 10 seconds when the matrix material turns slightly white and shows foaming characteristics. If the time is too long, it will affect the foaming. The foaming matrix of the present application can be foamed within 15 to 60 seconds, and the preparation is rapid and efficient. The foaming environment temperature of the present application is 18 to 40°C, which is equivalent to the natural environment temperature, and the foaming matrix can be obtained, and the construction conditions are simple.

[0032] Optionally, a fixed shade net can be used to guide the substrate foaming, during which the shade net needs to be stretched tight.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, in the process of using a fixed shade net to guide the foaming of the substrate, if the shade net is not stretched tightly, it will cause the foaming surface to be uneven, requiring overall shaping.

[0034] Optionally, during on-site construction, a dry container is required to hold the polyurethane prepolymer.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present application provides a cultivation method of the above-mentioned foaming matrix, comprising the following steps: directly inserting plant materials into the foaming matrix; the plant materials include cuttings or plug seedlings.

[0036] By adopting the above technical scheme, the foaming matrix prepared in the present application can be directly planted into the matrix when cultivating plants. If the plants with leaves are cut, more capillary roots will be produced after three weeks; if the plants are pure flower branches, the ornamental effect can last for more than 3 weeks, and the continuous flowering state can be maintained for more than 1 month.

[0037] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides the application of the above-mentioned foaming matrix in three-dimensional greening.

[0038] By adopting the above technical scheme, the foaming matrix prepared in the present application can be quickly formed, has flexible construction, is light in weight, is easy to transport, and has low safety hazards. It can be widely used in urban three-dimensional flower beds, making the forms and site selections of three-dimensional greening more diverse.

[0039] Optionally, the foaming matrix is ​​used in a three-dimensional flower bed.

[0040] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The raw materials used in this application are simple and the water consumption is small, which reduces the water cost. The prepared foaming matrix can be quickly shaped, has flexible construction, light weight, is easy to transport, and has low safety hazards. It can be widely used in urban three-dimensional flower beds, and its lightweight characteristics can meet the needs of different shapes of urban three-dimensional flower beds.

[0041] 2. The addition of polyurethane prepolymer in this application can increase the aeration of the cultivation medium, help the respiration and gas exchange of the root system, and promote the healthy growth of the plant; it can also provide support and stability for the root system of the plant, which helps the root system to take root and develop; and the polyurethane prepolymer is light in weight, which is helpful for transportation and management.

[0042] 3. The preparation method adopted in this application is simple and convenient to operate. It only needs to stir the raw materials on site to foam, and it is easy to transport. There is no high-temperature energy-consuming process in the preparation process, no pollution, and the foaming is fast and the molding is good. It can quickly mold frames of different shapes, and the on-site construction efficiency is high.

[0043] 4. The cultivation method adopted in the present application is simple. When cultivating plants, the plants can be directly planted in the substrate, which is fast and has no complicated operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 This is a performance diagram of the direct insertion of Kalanchoe with leaves in a foaming matrix with the same raw material ratio as in Example 2; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the rooting of Kalanchoe with leaves in a foaming matrix with the same raw material ratio as in Example 2 after one week of cutting; Figure 3This is a diagram showing the rooting of Kalanchoe with leaves in a foaming matrix with the same raw material ratio as in Example 2 after three weeks of cutting; Figure 4 This is a performance diagram of the direct insertion of pure Kalanchoe floridulus branches into a foaming matrix having the same raw material ratio as in Example 2; Figure 5 This is a performance chart of pure Kalanchoe floridulina branches cut into a foaming matrix with the same raw material ratio as in Example 2 after one week; Figure 6 This is a performance diagram of pure Kalanchoe floridulina branches cut into a foaming matrix with the same raw material ratio as in Example 2 after three weeks; Figure 7 This is a graph showing the performance of Begonia semperflorens after being planted in a foaming matrix with the same raw material ratio as in Example 3 for two weeks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] The present application designs a foaming matrix, and its raw material composition includes, by weight: 120-160 parts of water, 70-100 parts of peat, 15-22 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 3-5 parts of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of organosilicon, 0.1-0.5 parts of antibacterial agent, and 0.1-1 parts of nutrient agent; The content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 1% to 3%.

[0047] The foaming matrix of the present application is prepared by the following method, comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a pre-material; S2, adding a formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring, and preparing a matrix material; S3, pouring the matrix material into a mold, foaming, and demoulding to obtain a foamed matrix.

[0048] The present application proposes a cultivation method of a foaming matrix, comprising the following steps: directly inserting plant materials into the foaming matrix; the plant materials include cuttings or plug seedlings.

[0049] The foaming matrix of the present application can be used in three-dimensional greening.

[0050] The applicant has designed the technical solution of the present application in view of the problems that the existing cultivation substrate is easy to breed diseases and pests, is large and heavy after irrigation, is difficult to transport, and has construction safety hazards.

[0051] Firstly, the foaming matrix of the present application is proposed, and the components include: water, peat, polyurethane prepolymer, stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, silicone, antibacterial agent, and nutrient agent. It uses less water, can be quickly molded, is flexible in construction, is light in weight, is easy to transport, and has low safety hazards. Its lightweight characteristics can meet the needs of different shapes of urban three-dimensional flower beds, so it can be widely used in urban three-dimensional flower beds.

[0052] Secondly, the preparation method of the foaming matrix used in the present application is simple and convenient to operate. It only needs to stir the raw materials on site to foam, avoiding the transportation difficulties caused by preparing other common matrices first and then transporting them to the site. The preparation process of the present application does not involve high-temperature energy-consuming processes, is pollution-free, and foams quickly and forms well. It can quickly form frames of different shapes, and has high on-site construction efficiency.

[0053] The raw materials used in this application are as follows: The peat used is Northeast peat.

[0054] Methyl silicone oil: CAS: 8050-81-5.

[0055] 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane: CAS: 13822-56-5.

[0056] Carbendazim: CAS: 10605-21-7.

[0057] Thiophanate-methyl: CAS: 23564-05-8.

[0058] Urea: CAS: 57-13-6.

[0059] Diammonium phosphate: CAS: 7783-28-0. Specific embodiments

[0060] Embodiments 1 to 5 Example 1 This embodiment provides a foaming matrix, the raw material composition of which includes: 3000g of water, 2500g of northeastern peat, 550g of polyurethane prepolymer, 75g of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 25g of organic silicon, 12.5g of antibacterial agent, and 25g of nutrient agent; Among them, the content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 2%; the average particle size of Northeastern peat is 2mm; the end of the polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate group with a molecular weight of 3000; the organosilicon is methyl silicone oil; the antibacterial agent is carbendazim; and the nutrient is urea.

[0061] The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a preparatory material, wherein the water temperature is 20° C.; S2, adding the formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring for 25 seconds, to obtain a matrix material; S3. Pour the matrix material into the mold within 10 seconds, foam it at an ambient temperature of 25° C. for 40 seconds, and demould it to obtain a foamed matrix.

[0062] Cultivation method: insert the seedlings in the plug tray directly into the prepared foaming matrix.

[0063] Example 2 This embodiment provides a foaming matrix, the raw material composition of which includes: 3000g of water, 1500g of northeastern peat, 400g of polyurethane prepolymer, 90g of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 24g of organosilicon, 4g of antibacterial agent, and 4g of nutrient agent; Among them, the content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 2%; the average particle size of Northeastern peat is 2mm; the end of the polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate group with a molecular weight of 3000; the organosilicon is methyl silicone oil; the antibacterial agent is carbendazim; and the nutrient is urea.

[0064] The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a preparatory material, wherein the water temperature is 30° C.; S2, adding the formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring for 25 seconds, to obtain a matrix material; S3. Pour the matrix material into the mold within 10 seconds, foam it at an ambient temperature of 25° C. for 40 seconds, and demould it to obtain a foamed matrix.

[0065] Example 3 This embodiment provides a foaming matrix, the raw material composition of which includes: 3500g of water, 2250g of northeastern peat, 450g of polyurethane prepolymer, 100g of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 37.5g of organic silicon, 7.5g of antibacterial agent, and 12.5g of nutrient agent; Among them, the content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 2%; the average particle size of Northeastern peat is 2mm; the end of the polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate group with a molecular weight of 3000; the organosilicon is methyl silicone oil; the antibacterial agent is carbendazim; and the nutrient is urea.

[0066] The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a preparatory material, wherein the water temperature is 25° C.; S2, adding the formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring for 25 seconds, to obtain a matrix material; S3. Pour the matrix material into the mold within 10 seconds, foam it at an ambient temperature of 25° C. for 40 seconds, and demould it to obtain a foamed matrix.

[0067] Example 4 This embodiment provides a foaming matrix, the raw material composition of which includes: 3250g of water, 2375g of northeastern peat, 400g of polyurethane prepolymer, 87.5g of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 45g of organic silicon, 10g of antibacterial agent, and 20g of nutrient agent; Among them, the content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 2%; the average particle size of Northeastern peat is 2mm; the end of the polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate group with a molecular weight of 3000; the organosilicon is methyl silicone oil; the antibacterial agent is carbendazim; and the nutrient is urea.

[0068] The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a preparatory material, wherein the water temperature is 20° C.; S2, adding the formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring for 25 seconds, to obtain a matrix material; S3. Pour the matrix material into the mold within 10 seconds, foam it at an ambient temperature of 25° C. for 40 seconds, and demould it to obtain a foamed matrix.

[0069] Example 5 This embodiment provides a foaming matrix, the raw material composition of which includes: 4000g of water, 1750g of northeastern peat, 375g of polyurethane prepolymer, 125g of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 50g of organic silicon, 2.5g of antibacterial agent, and 2.5g of nutrient agent; Among them, the content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 2%; the average particle size of Northeastern peat is 2mm; the end of the polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate group with a molecular weight of 3000; the organosilicon is methyl silicone oil; the antibacterial agent is carbendazim; and the nutrient is urea.

[0070] The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a preparatory material, wherein the water temperature is 30° C.; S2, adding the formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring for 25 seconds, to obtain a matrix material; S3. Pour the matrix material into the mold within 10 seconds, foam it at an ambient temperature of 25° C. for 40 seconds, and demould it to obtain a foamed matrix.

[0071] Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is a conventional cultivation substrate, which is composed of Northeastern peat and water. To make a cultivation substrate of the same size as that of Example 2, 4500g of water and 5000g of Northeastern peat are required.

[0072] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 is that in step S1 of Comparative Example 2, the water temperature is 45° C. As a result, the foaming speed is too fast after the polyurethane prepolymer is added, and it is already fixed before it can be poured into the mold.

[0073] Comparative Example 3 The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 2 is that in Comparative Example 3, water, peat, polyurethane prepolymer and other raw materials are added into a bucket at the same time and mixed in one step. As a result, the polyurethane prepolymer contacts with water too early, so that it foams in advance and cannot be poured into the mold in time.

[0074] Comparative Example 4 The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 2 is that in Comparative Example 4, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate and organosilicon are not added.

[0075] Comparative Example 5 The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 2 is that in Comparative Example 5, the stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is replaced with an equal amount of silicone.

[0076] Comparative Example 6 The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 2 is that in Comparative Example 6, the organosilicon is replaced with an equal amount of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate.

[0077] Experimental testing Test items and test methods In early September 2022, experiments were conducted in the B11 greenhouse of the product center of Beijing Huamu Co., Ltd. to prepare the foaming matrix of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. The size of the matrix block was 40cm*40cm*6.5cm, and the production ratio was shown in Table 1.

[0078] Table 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Water / g 3000 4500 Northeastern peat / g 1500 5000 Polyurethane prepolymer / g 400 0 Stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate / g 90 0 Silicone / g 24 0 Antimicrobial agent / g 4 0 Nutritional agent / g 4 0 Total weight of raw materials / g 5022 9500 The foamed substrates prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were immersed in water that was not thick enough to absorb water, and then taken out and allowed to stand for drainage for 10 minutes. The initial weight, weight after saturated water absorption, and weight after standing for drainage for 10 minutes of the foamed substrates prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were measured and recorded respectively. The specific data are shown in Table 2.

[0079] Table 2 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Initial weight / kg 4.965 9.450 Weight after saturated water absorption / kg 6.240 9.925 Weight after standing and draining for 10 minutes / kg 5.640 9.400 From the test results in Table 2, it can be seen that the weight of Comparative Example 1 after saturated water absorption and then standing and draining is less than the initial weight, indicating that part of the foaming matrix is ​​lost during this process.

[0080] For the foaming matrix of the same volume, the weight of comparative example 1 after saturated water absorption is 9.925 kg, and the weight of embodiment 2 after saturated water absorption is 6.240 kg. Compared with comparative example 1, after saturated water absorption, the weight loss rate of embodiment 2 = ((9.925-6.240) / 9.925) × 100% = 37.13%; After standing and draining for 10 minutes, the weight of comparative example 1 is 9.400 kg, and the weight of example 2 is 5.640 kg. The weight loss rate of example 2 = ((9.400-5.640) / 9.400) × 100% = 40.00%. Therefore, for the same volume of foamed matrix, the weight of example 2 is lighter.

[0081] As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, to achieve the same volume of foaming matrix, Example 2 uses 1500g of Northeastern peat and 3000g of water, while Comparative Example 1 requires 5000g of Northeastern peat and 4500g of water. The peat saving rate of Example 2 can reach 70.00%, and the water saving rate is 33.33%. Therefore, Example 2 greatly reduces the amount of peat and water, saves resources, and is environmentally friendly.

[0082] According to the test, it can be found that the volume of the matrix material used in Example 2 is 3.75 liters, the volume after foaming is 10.4 liters, and the theoretical foaming multiple is 2.7 times.

[0083] Therefore, the peat in Example 2 of the present application has a high saving rate, a high water saving rate, is light in weight, and has a high foaming multiple.

[0084] Physical property test: 1. Bulk density: γ = M / V, the mass of the matrix after drying is M (g), and the volume of the matrix after drying is V (cm 3 ).

[0085] 2. Total porosity: Φ = (W2-W1) × 100% / V, the volume of the naturally air-dried matrix is ​​V (cm 3 ), the mass is W1(g), and the mass after immersion in water for 96h is W2(g).

[0086] 3. Water holding porosity: φ h =(W2-W1)×100% / V. The mass of the sample matrix after natural air drying is W1(g). Hang it with a thin wire and drip water until the sample matrix is ​​fully absorbed by water without leakage. The mass of the absorbed matrix is ​​W2(g).

[0087] 4. Air porosity: φ a =φ-φ h 5. Gas-water ratio = φ a / φ h 6. pH value detection: (1) Sampling: Take one soil sample from each of three different matrix sampling points, each soil sample weighing 50 to 100 g; (2) Weighing: Use a balance to weigh each soil sample. To facilitate the calculation of the amount of water to be added, it is advisable to weigh 50 grams or 100 grams for each of the three soil samples. After the soil samples are weighed, pour them into three beakers respectively; (3) Add water: Use a measuring cylinder to measure distilled water at a water-to-soil ratio of 2:1 and pour it into the beakers containing the matrix samples; (4) Stir and let stand: Use a glass rod to stir in a clockwise direction for 1 minute and then let stand for 30 minutes; (5) Measurement: Use a pH meter to measure the sample after it has been left to stand for 30 minutes and record the obtained data.

[0088] 7. EC value detection: (1) Follow the steps (1) to (3) of the above method for measuring pH value; (2) Oscillation and filtration: Gently shake the beaker by hand for 5 minutes, then filter with filter paper; (3) Measurement: Measure the filtrate with an EC meter and record the obtained data.

[0089] From August to October 2023, experiments were conducted in the B11 greenhouse of the product center of Beijing Huamu Co., Ltd. to prepare the foaming matrix of Example 3, and to make matrix blocks with a size of 40 cm*40 cm*6.5 cm. The physical properties were tested according to the above method, and the test results are shown in Table 3.

[0090] Table 3 From the test results in Table 3, it can be seen that the bulk density of the foamed matrix prepared in Example 3 is 0.31 g·cm -3 , total porosity is 77%, water holding porosity is 48%, air porosity is 29%, air-water ratio is 1:1.66, pH value is 5.5, EC value is 1.06mS·cm -1The foaming matrix of the present application has a good water-gas circulation foundation, which is more conducive to plant rooting.

[0091] At the end of September 2022, a three-dimensional flower bed practical application experiment was carried out at the processing plant of Beijing Huamu Co., Ltd. According to the design drawings, Kalanchoe with leaves and pure flower branches of Kalanchoe were planted in the foaming matrix with the same raw material ratio as in Example 2. After planting, they were moved to Chang'an Street for actual observation. The rooting growth of different plant materials was recorded one week and three weeks after planting. Figure 1 to Figure 6 .

[0092] Depend on Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 It can be seen that the Kalanchoe with leaves began to grow new capillary roots one week after cutting, and more capillary roots were produced three weeks after cutting. Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 It can be seen that the pure flower branch cuttings of Kalanchoe (with a pair of small leaves) have a good continuous flowering state and good ornamental effect.

[0093] Rooting rate = (number of rooted cuttings / total number of cuttings) × 100% The Kalanchoe with leaves was directly planted in the foaming matrix prepared in Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Examples 4 to 6, and the rooting rate of the Kalanchoe with leaves was detected after three weeks; The pure flower branches of Kalanchoe flos (with a pair of small leaves) were directly planted in the foaming matrix prepared in Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Examples 4 to 6. The rooting rate of the pure flower branches of Kalanchoe flos was tested three weeks later, and the duration of the flowering state was observed. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0094] Table 4 From the test results in Table 4, it can be seen that the foamed substrates prepared in Examples 1 to 5 have good plant cultivation effects, the rooting rate of Kalanchoe with leaves is over 80%, the rooting rate of pure flower branches of Kalanchoe is over 50%, and the flowering duration of pure flower branches of Kalanchoe is over 35 days.

[0095] Among them, the foaming matrix prepared in Example 3 has the best effect, and the rooting rate of Kalanchoe with leaves can reach 87%; the pure flower branches of Kalanchoe can maintain the continuous flowering state for 43 days, and the rooting rate can reach 59%.

[0096] Comparative Example 1 used conventional cultivation substrate, and the results of the Kalanchoe cutting test were not good. The rooting rate of Kalanchoe with leaves, the rooting rate of pure flower branches of Kalanchoe, and the flowering duration of pure flower branches of Kalanchoe were all much lower than those of Examples 1 to 5.

[0097] Comparative Example 4 did not add stearic acid surface-modified nano-calcium carbonate and silicone, Comparative Example 5 did not contain stearic acid surface-modified nano-calcium carbonate, and Comparative Example 6 did not contain silicone. The foaming matrix effects obtained in Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were worse than those in Example 2, and the rooting rate of Kalanchoe with leaves, the rooting rate of pure flower branches of Kalanchoe, and the flowering duration of pure flower branches of Kalanchoe were all lower than those in Example 2.

[0098] From August to October 2023, an experiment was conducted in the B11 greenhouse of the product center of Beijing Flower and Tree Co., Ltd. Flowering plug seedlings of Begonia were planted on a foam substrate with the same raw material ratio as Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Examples 4 to 6. Five plants were randomly selected, and the growth of plant height, increase in crown width, and increase in the number of leaves were observed and recorded after two weeks, and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 5.

[0099] Table 5 Plant height growth / cm Crown width increase / cm Increased number of leaves Example 1 5.05 0.41 3.4 Example 2 5.35 0.52 4.4 Example 3 5.48 0.55 4.8 Example 4 5.30 0.48 4.0 Example 5 5.19 0.44 3.8 Comparative Example 1 3.84 0.31 2.4 Comparative Example 4 4.63 0.38 3.0 Comparative Example 5 4.87 0.40 3.2 Comparative Example 6 4.72 0.39 3.2 From the test results in Table 5, it can be seen that the foaming substrates prepared in Examples 1 to 5 have good effects on plant cultivation, and the growth trend of Begonia is relatively fast, with plant height increasing by more than 5.05 cm, crown width increasing by more than 0.41 cm, and leaf number increasing by more than 3.4. Among them, the performance of Begonia after two weeks of planting in the foaming substrate with the same raw material ratio as Example 3 is shown in the figure. Figure 7 The Begonia grew vigorously and basically covered the entire surface after 2 weeks of growth, and the surface was relatively flat.

[0100] Among them, the foaming matrix prepared in Example 3 has the best effect. The height of Begonia semperflorens can increase by 5.48 cm, the crown width can increase by 0.55 cm, and the number of leaves can increase by 4.8.

[0101] Comparative Example 1 used conventional cultivation substrate, and the growth trend of Begonia semperflorens was relatively low, and the increase in plant height, crown width, and leaf number were all lower than those in Examples 1-5.

[0102] The foaming matrix prepared in Comparative Examples 4 to 6 was not as effective as that in Example 2. The growth trend of Begonia semperflorens was relatively low, and the increase in plant height, crown width, and number of leaves were all lower than that in Example 2.

[0103] Embodiments 6 to 15 Example 6 The difference between Example 6 and Example 3 is that in Example 6, the average particle size of the Northeast Peat is 1 mm.

[0104] Example 7 The difference between Example 7 and Example 3 is that in Example 7, the average particle size of the Northeast Peat is 3 mm.

[0105] Example 8 The difference between Example 8 and Example 3 is that in Example 8, the molecular weight of the polyurethane prepolymer is 1000.

[0106] Example 9 The difference between Example 9 and Example 3 is that in Example 9, the molecular weight of the polyurethane prepolymer is 5,000.

[0107] Example 10 The difference between Example 10 and Example 3 is that in step S2 of Example 10, the stirring time is 15 seconds.

[0108] Embodiment 11 The difference between Example 11 and Example 3 is that in step S2 of Example 11, the stirring time is 40 seconds.

[0109] Example 12 The difference between Example 12 and Example 3 is that in Example 12, the organosilicon is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0110] Embodiment 13 The difference between Example 13 and Example 3 is that in Example 13, 91.6 g of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate and 45.8 g of organosilicon are used.

[0111] Embodiment 14 The difference between Example 14 and Example 3 is that in Example 14, 105.5 g of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate and 32 g of silicone are used.

[0112] Embodiment 15 The difference between Example 15 and Example 3 is that in Example 15, the antibacterial agent is thiophanate-methyl; and the nutrient agent is diammonium phosphate.

[0113] The Kalanchoe with leaves was directly planted in the foaming matrix prepared in Examples 6 to 15, and the rooting rate of the Kalanchoe with leaves was tested after three weeks; The pure flower branches of Kalanchoe flos (with a pair of small leaves) were directly planted in the foaming matrix prepared in Examples 6 to 15. The rooting rate of the pure flower branches of Kalanchoe flos was tested three weeks later, and the duration of the flowering state was observed. The test results are shown in Table 6.

[0114] Table 6 Root rate of longevity peanuts with leaves Rooting rate of pure flower branches of Kalanchoe Flowering duration Example 6 84％ 57％ 40d Example 7 86％ 58％ 41d Example 8 84％ 55％ 38d Example 9 83％ 53％ 36d Example 10 82％ 51％ 35d Embodiment 11 85％ 55％ 39d Example 12 87％ 58％ 42d Embodiment 13 84％ 55％ 40d Embodiment 14 85％ 57％ 41d Embodiment 15 87％ 59％ 42d From the test results in Table 6, it can be seen that the difference between Example 6, Example 7 and Example 3 is that the average particle size of the peat is different, among which the foaming matrix prepared in Example 3 has the best effect on plant cultivation.

[0115] The difference between Example 8, Example 9 and Example 3 is that the molecular weights of the polyurethane prepolymers are different, and the foaming matrix prepared in Example 3 has the best effect on cultivating plants.

[0116] The difference between Example 10 and Example 11 and Example 3 is that the stirring time in step S2 is different. The plant cultivation effect of the foaming matrix prepared in Example 10 and Example 11 is not as good as that in Example 3.

[0117] The effect of plant cultivation using the foamed matrix prepared in Example 12 is similar to that in Example 3.

[0118] Among Examples 13, 14 and 3, the foaming matrix prepared in Example 3 has the best effect on plant cultivation.

[0119] The effect of plant cultivation using the foamed matrix prepared in Example 15 is similar to that in Example 3.

[0120] The flowering plug seedlings of Begonia semperflorens were planted on the foaming substrate with the same ratio as in Examples 6 to 15, and 5 plants were randomly selected. After two weeks, the plant height growth, crown width increase and leaf number increase were observed and recorded, and the average values ​​were taken. The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0121] Table 7 Plant height growth / cm Crown width increase / cm Increased number of leaves Example 6 5.28 0.46 3.8 Example 7 5.36 0.52 4.4 Example 8 5.26 0.44 3.6 Example 9 5.20 0.42 3.4 Example 10 5.18 0.40 3.4 Embodiment 11 5.31 0.48 4.0 Example 12 5.40 0.53 4.6 Embodiment 13 5.34 0.46 4.2 Embodiment 14 5.42 0.50 4.2 Embodiment 15 5.46 0.55 4.8 From the test results in Table 7, it can be seen that among Example 6, Example 7 and Example 3, the Begonia in Example 3 grew most vigorously, with the largest increase in plant height, crown width and number of leaves.

[0122] The increase in plant height, crown width and number of leaves in Examples 8 and 9 were all less than those in Example 3.

[0123] The increase in plant height, crown width and leaf number in Examples 10 and 11 was also not as great as that in Example 3.

[0124] The increase in plant height, crown width and number of leaves in Example 12 were similar to those in Example 3.

[0125] Among Example 13, Example 14 and Example 3, Example 3 had the largest increase in plant height, crown width and number of leaves.

[0126] The increase in plant height, crown width and number of leaves in Example 15 were similar to those in Example 3.

[0127] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A foaming matrix, characterized in that The raw material composition includes, by weight: 120-160 parts of water, 70-100 parts of peat, 15-22 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 3-5 parts of stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of organosilicon, 0.1-0.5 parts of antibacterial agent, and 0.1-1 parts of nutrient agent; The content of stearic acid in the stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate is 1% to 3%.

2. The foaming matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The average particle size of the peat is 1-3 mm.

3. The foaming matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The terminal of the polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate group; the molecular weight of the polyurethane prepolymer is 1000-5000.

4. The foaming matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic silicon is selected from at least one of polydimethylsiloxane, methyl silicone oil and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

5. The foaming matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The weight ratio of the stearic acid surface modified nano-scale calcium carbonate to the organic silicon is 2-3.3:

1.

6. The foaming matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The antibacterial agent is selected from at least one of sulfur, carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl; the nutrient agent is selected from at least one of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.

7. A method for preparing a foaming matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Weigh the formulated amount of water, peat, stearic acid surface-modified nano-scale calcium carbonate, organosilicon, antibacterial agent and nutrient agent, mix them to prepare a pre-material; S2, adding a formulated amount of polyurethane prepolymer to the prepared material, stirring, and preparing a matrix material; S3, pouring the matrix material into a mold, foaming, and demoulding to obtain a foamed matrix.

8. The method for preparing a foaming matrix according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S1, the water temperature is 20-30° C.; in the step S2, the stirring time is 15-40 seconds.

9. A method for cultivating the foaming matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Insert the plant material directly into the foaming matrix; the plant material includes cuttings or plug seedlings.

10. Use of the foaming matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in three-dimensional greening.

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