Fireproof and explosion-proof basalt fabric

Abstract

The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric comprises multiple layers of basalt fiber cloth, and the multiple layers of basalt fiber cloth comprise an upper surface layer, a lower surface layer and multiple middle layers; wherein the basalt fiber cloth of the upper surface layer and the basalt fiber cloth of the lower surface layer are formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns, the basalt fiber cloth of the middle layer is composed of unidirectional fiber yarns, and the angles of the unidirectional fiber yarns of different middle layers are different. The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric is excellent in mechanical property, can bear detonation impact force caused by fire disasters, can be used for fire prevention and extinguishment, and can also be used for explosion-proof equipment and devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the application field of basalt fiber, and in particular to a basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric used for fire fighting, power grid and the like. Background Art

[0002] Fire blankets are products used to extinguish fires in the early stages and are also useful for emergency escape. In high-voltage installations or inflammable and explosive environments, in addition to fire prevention, there is also an explosion-proof requirement, which requires fire blankets to have strong mechanical properties and impact resistance. The fire blankets currently in use have excellent fireproof properties, but poor explosion-proof properties. At the same time, due to the characteristics of some fireproof materials, they will become toxic at high temperatures and cause damage to the human body.

[0003] Basalt fiber is made by melting and drawing a single basalt ore at high temperature. It is a natural non-combustible material. It has the characteristics of high strength, acid and alkali resistance, good high and low temperature performance, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, and is an excellent choice for fire retardant materials. Basalt cloth has the advantages of non-combustibility, flame retardancy and smokelessness, high temperature resistance, no toxic gas discharge, good insulation, no melting or dripping, high strength, and no thermal shrinkage during use. Under the action of 1100℃ flame, it does not deform or burst, is permanently fireproof, and the fireproof grade reaches the A1 standard of "GB8624-2006 Combustion Performance Classification of Building Materials and Products". In addition to the flame retardant and non-combustible characteristics, the mechanical properties of basalt fiber are also extremely excellent, comparable to the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of carbon fiber of the same diameter.

[0004] At present, there are few basalt fireproof and explosion-proof products on the market, and the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the products need to be improved. Therefore, how to use the special properties of basalt to prepare products with better performance has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric, which has more excellent fireproof and explosion-proof performance.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric comprises a plurality of layers of basalt fiber cloth, wherein the plurality of layers of basalt fiber cloth comprises an upper and a lower surface layer and a plurality of middle layers; wherein the basalt fiber cloth of the upper and the lower surface layers is woven by warp threads and weft threads interlaced with each other, and the basalt fiber cloth of the middle layer is composed of unidirectional fiber threads, and the angles of the unidirectional fiber threads in different middle layers are different.

[0008] In one embodiment, the number of the intermediate layers is ≥6.

[0009] In one embodiment, the fiber cloth of the upper and lower surface layers has a density of 8-16 monofilaments / cm in the warp direction, a density of 8-16 monofilaments / cm in the weft direction, a warp yarn density of 150tex-2200tex, a weft yarn density of 150tex-2200tex, and a unit area weight of 150-600g / m 2 In the fiber cloth of the middle layer, the density of unidirectional fiber is 8-16 monofilaments / cm, the yarn density is 150tex-2200tex, and the unit area weight is 150-600g / m 2 .

[0010] In one embodiment, in the fiber cloth of the upper and lower surface layers, the diameters of the warp and weft yarns are both 7-24 microns; in the fiber cloth of the middle layer, the diameter of the unidirectional fiber yarns is 7-24 microns.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, the angle difference between the unidirectional fiber filaments in two adjacent intermediate layers is 45°.

[0012] In one embodiment, the difference in angle between the unidirectional fiber yarn and the warp yarns of the adjacent upper and lower surface layers is 45°.

[0013] In one embodiment, the basalt fiber cloth of the upper and lower surface layers is twill woven cloth.

[0014] The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric of the present invention greatly reduces the porosity of the product by improving the layered structure and weaving parameters of the fiber cloth, combining the warp and weft cloth with the unidirectional cloth and a special laying method, making the product oxygen-impermeable, improving the rigidity and toughness of the product, and being able to withstand the impact force of the deflagration caused by fire. It can be used not only for fire prevention and fire extinguishing, but also for explosion-proof equipment and devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the basalt fireproof and explosionproof fabric of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 The diagram is a planar structural diagram of an embodiment of the surface layer of the basalt fireproof and explosionproof fabric of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric of the present invention is further described in detail below in combination with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric 100, including multiple layers of basalt fiber cloth, the multiple layers of basalt fiber cloth including upper and lower surface layers and multiple middle layers. The upper and lower surface layers of basalt fiber cloth are woven by interlacing warp and weft, and the middle layer of basalt fiber cloth is composed of unidirectional fiber yarns.

[0019] The basalt fiber yarns used for weaving are divided into warp yarns and weft yarns according to the longitudinal and transverse directions. There are many commonly used weaving methods. As a preferred method, the basalt fiber cloth on the upper and lower surfaces of the present invention adopts a twill weaving method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the warp and weft threads form a high-density cross, the structure is firm, and the force distribution is uniform, which can effectively diffuse the impact force around, further improving the impact resistance of the product and improving the explosion-proof capability.

[0020] Unidirectional fiber filaments refer to fiber cloths in which the fiber filaments are arranged in only one direction. Preferably, during the manufacturing process, the basalt fiber filaments are arranged in the warp direction, unidirectionally woven, and bonded together by stitching or adhesive to form a unidirectional cloth. When stacking, in order to meet the requirement of uniform force in all directions, the angles of the unidirectional fiber filaments in different middle layers must be different. For example, when all middle layers are unidirectional cloths arranged in the warp direction, each layer of unidirectional cloth must maintain a certain angle with the adjacent unidirectional cloth when stacked to ensure the strength and toughness in all directions.

[0021] Preferably, in two adjacent middle layers, the angle difference between the unidirectional fiber filaments is 45°, and the angle difference between the unidirectional fiber filaments and the warp filaments of the upper and lower surface layers adjacent to the unidirectional fiber filaments is 45°. This angle can greatly improve the mechanical properties of the product, and the strength and toughness are greatly improved, further enhancing the explosion-proof performance. As an implementable method, the middle layer is 6 layers, which can ensure that the angle difference of each layer of the basalt fiber layer is 45°. It should be noted that when the number of middle layers exceeds 6 layers, the two adjacent layers can still be arranged with a difference of 45° and laid cyclically in the stacking order.

[0022] The present invention sandwiches multiple layers of unidirectional fabrics with warp and weft fabrics, supplemented by a special laying method, that is, laying different intermediate layers at different angles, so that the final basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric 100 has high density and excellent mechanical properties. Combined with the natural fireproof and flame-retardant properties of basalt fiber, it can ensure that oxygen is isolated and smoke is not permeable when a fire occurs, and at the same time it can withstand strong impact force.

[0023] Preferably, the number of the middle layer is greater than or equal to 6. This can ensure a certain thickness and improve the fire and explosion resistance, and at the same time, the angle of the middle layer can be more flexibly adjusted, with more possible angle combinations, thereby further optimizing the mechanical properties of the material.

[0024] The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric 100 of the present invention is preferably composed of two upper and lower surface layers of fiber cloth, the density in the warp direction is 8-16 monofilaments / cm, the density in the weft direction is 8-16 monofilaments / cm, the warp yarn density is 150tex-2200tex, the weft yarn density is 150tex-2200tex, and the unit area weight is 150-600g / m 2 In the fiber cloth of the middle layer, the density of unidirectional fiber is 8-16 monofilaments / cm, the yarn density is 150tex-2200tex, and the unit area weight is 150-600g / m 2 Under this process parameter, the warp and weft yarns can form a high-density cross, and the unidirectional fiber yarns are also highly dense, with small gaps and a firm structure, so that high-density products can be obtained, thereby greatly increasing the modulus of the product and improving the flame retardant properties.

[0025] As an implementation method, the diameters of the warp and weft yarns in the upper and lower surface layers of the fiber cloth are both 7-24 microns; the diameter of the unidirectional fiber yarns in the middle layer of the fiber cloth is 7-24 microns. Under this process parameter, the density of the fiber cloth can be further improved while maintaining a high degree of flatness, thereby ensuring uniform force distribution in all directions of the fiber cloth and improving product quality.

[0026] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric 100, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Embodiment 1:

[0028] S1): After melting basalt stone at 1480°C, continuous basalt fiber with a diameter of 16 μm is drawn at high speed through a platinum-rhodium alloy drawing plate;

[0029] S2): The basalt fiber obtained in S1 is divided into two parts, one part is woven twill along the warp and weft directions to obtain a twill cloth; wherein the density in the warp direction is 12 monofilaments / cm, and the density in the weft direction is 12 monofilaments / cm; the warp yarn density is 800tex, the weft yarn density is 800tex, and the unit area weight is 320g / m 2 .

[0030] S3): weaving another part of the basalt fiber filaments obtained in S1 into unidirectional cloth along the warp direction, sewing them together with nylon thread to obtain unidirectional cloth; wherein the density of the unidirectional fiber filaments is 12 filaments / cm; the yarn density is 800tex, and the unit area weight is 230g / m 2 .

[0031] S4): Cut the twill fabric and unidirectional fabric obtained in S2 and S3 into squares of 1.2m*1.2m. Lay twill fabric on the bottom and top layers, and lay 14 layers of unidirectional fabric on the middle layer. The warp of the bottom layer is used as the reference line, which is defined as 0°. The warp of the upper layer of unidirectional fabric differs from it by 45°. The warp of the upper layer continues to differ by 45° in the same direction, and so on, until the laying is completed.

[0032] S5): using basalt fiber sewing thread, sew the fiber cloths stacked in S4 to obtain the required basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric.

[0033] Embodiment 2:

[0034] S1): After melting basalt stone at 1430°C, continuous basalt fiber with a diameter of 7 μm is drawn at high speed through a platinum-rhodium alloy drawing plate;

[0035] S2): The basalt fiber obtained in S1 is divided into two parts, one part is woven twill along the warp and weft directions to obtain a twill cloth; wherein the density in the warp direction is 8 monofilaments / cm, and the density in the weft direction is 8 monofilaments / cm; the warp yarn density is 150 tex, the weft yarn density is 150 tex, and the unit area weight is 200 g / m 2 .

[0036] S3): weaving another part of the basalt fiber filaments obtained in S1 into unidirectional cloth along the warp direction, sewing them together with nylon thread to obtain unidirectional cloth; wherein the density of the unidirectional fiber filaments is 8 filaments / cm; the yarn density is 150tex, and the unit area weight is 150g / m 2 .

[0037] S4): Cut the twill fabric and unidirectional fabric obtained in S2 and S3 into squares of 1.2m*1.2m. Lay twill fabric on the bottom and top layers, and lay 8 layers of unidirectional fabric on the middle layer. The warp of the bottom layer is used as the reference line, which is defined as 0°. The warp of the upper layer of unidirectional fabric differs from it by 36°. The warp of the upper layer continues to differ by 36° in the same direction, and so on, until the laying is completed.

[0038] S5): using basalt fiber sewing thread, sew the fiber cloths stacked in S4 to obtain the required basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric.

[0039] Embodiment three:

[0040] S1): After melting basalt stone at 1500°C, continuous basalt fiber with a diameter of 24 μm is drawn at high speed through a platinum-rhodium alloy drawing plate;

[0041] S2): The basalt fiber obtained in S1 is divided into two parts, one part is woven in warp and weft directions to obtain a twill fabric; wherein the density in the warp direction is 16 monofilaments / cm, and the density in the weft direction is 16 monofilaments / cm; the warp yarn density is 2200 tex, the weft yarn density is 2200 tex, and the unit area weight is 600 g / m 2 .

[0042] S3): weaving another part of the basalt fiber filaments obtained in S1 into unidirectional cloth along the warp direction, sewing them together with nylon thread to obtain unidirectional cloth; wherein the density of the unidirectional fiber filaments is 16 filaments / cm; the yarn density is 2200tex, and the unit area weight is 400g / m 2 .

[0043] S4): Cut the twill fabric and unidirectional fabric obtained in S2 and S3 into squares of 1.2m*1.2m. Lay twill fabric on the bottom and top layers, and lay 10 layers of unidirectional fabric on the middle layer. The warp of the bottom layer is used as the reference line, which is defined as 0°. The warp of the upper layer of unidirectional fabric differs from it by 30°. The warp of the upper layer continues to differ by 30° in the same direction, and so on, until the laying is completed.

[0044] S5): using basalt fiber sewing thread, sew the fiber cloths stacked in S4 to obtain the required basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric.

[0045] The products in the above embodiments have been tested, and their performance in various aspects is shown in the following table:

[0046] Table 1 Product performance parameters of Examples 1-3

[0047]

[0048] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric, characterized in that: It comprises multiple layers of basalt fiber cloth, which comprises two upper and lower surface layers and multiple middle layers; wherein the basalt fiber cloth of the upper and lower surface layers is woven by interlacing warp and weft yarns, and the basalt fiber cloth of the middle layer is composed of unidirectional fiber yarns, and the angles of the unidirectional fiber yarns in different middle layers are different.

2. The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the intermediate layers is ≥6.

3. The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber cloth of the upper and lower surface layers has a density of 8-16 monofilaments / cm in the warp direction and 8-16 monofilaments / cm in the weft direction, a linear density of 150tex-2200tex in the warp direction and 150tex-2200tex in the weft direction, and a weight per unit area of ​​150-600g / m 2 The fiber cloth in the middle layer has a unidirectional fiber density of 8-16 filaments / cm, a yarn density of 150tex-2200tex, and a unit area weight of 150-600g / m 2 .

4. The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fiber cloth of the upper and lower surface layers, the diameters of the warp and weft yarns are both 7-24 microns; in the fiber cloth of the middle layer, the diameter of the unidirectional fiber yarns is 7-24 microns.

5. The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle difference between the unidirectional fiber yarns in two adjacent intermediate layers is 45°.

6. The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that: The difference in angle between the unidirectional fiber yarn and the warp yarns of the adjacent upper and lower surface layers is 45°.

7. The basalt fireproof and explosion-proof fabric according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: The basalt fiber cloth of the upper and lower surface layers is twill woven cloth.

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