Photovoltaic laminated part cascade separation equipment and separation method

Abstract

A belt conveying mechanism comprises a belt conveyor A, a belt conveyor B and a belt conveyor C which are sequentially arranged in the length direction, the starting end of the belt conveyor A is the laminated piece feeding end, and a linear cutting mechanism is arranged in the width direction of the belt conveying mechanism in a crossing mode and located at the joint of the belt conveyor A and the belt conveyor B; the two ends of a cutting line on the linear cutting mechanism are connected with a height adjusting device arranged on the linear cutting mechanism respectively to be tensioned, the cutting line is parallel to the laminated piece flatly laid on the belt conveying mechanism, and grabbing mechanisms are arranged above the belt conveyor A and the belt conveyor B respectively. The separation equipment realizes continuous and smooth operation through automatic control, performs step separation on a photovoltaic laminated piece with a three-layer structure, separately collects parts on each layer, performs high-precision precise cutting separation, efficiently obtains complete glass, adhesive film battery layer and backboard layer products, greatly improves the efficiency, and realizes pollution-free operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to photovoltaic component recycling and processing, in particular to photovoltaic laminate separation equipment and separation method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there are three main technologies for recycling and disassembly of photovoltaic modules: physical disassembly, thermal treatment disassembly, and chemical disassembly. The advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are analyzed as follows: ① Physical disassembly uses crushers, sorters, etc., which have a high degree of automation, avoid the output of harmful gases, and are safe and reliable. The disadvantage is that the final result is a mixture of different materials, and the single component cannot be fully separated; ② Thermal treatment disassembly refers to pre-treating the components with a hot knife to reduce the adhesiveness of the film, and then peeling them off in layers with a hot knife to obtain the film battery layer, glass and backplane. The battery string is placed in a tubular furnace or a muffle furnace to remove the packaging material EVA and obtain pure battery cells. However, in the past, 90% of the photovoltaic module backplanes were fluorine-containing backplanes. After heating, fluorine is volatile, so it cannot be burned or buried, otherwise it will cause irreversible environmental pollution and have long-term effects on humans, animals and plants; ③ Chemical disassembly refers to using organic or inorganic solvents to dissolve EVA, which can obtain better separation effects. After EVA is dissolved, the glass cover can be completely recycled and reused. The disadvantage is that the treatment cycle is long, it is not easy to form a large-scale industry, the cost is high, and it is accompanied by the output of three waste substances, which requires corresponding treatment facilities.

[0003] The laminate structure of a photovoltaic single-glass module is glass-film battery layer-backboard, and the thickness of each layer is 3.2mm, 0.8mm, and 0.6mm respectively. The laminate structure of a photovoltaic double-glass module is glass-film battery layer-glass, and the thickness of each layer is 2mm, 0.8mm, and 2mm respectively. The laminate is provided with a frame, a junction box, etc. to form a photovoltaic module. It can be seen that the thickness of the laminate reaches the millimeter level, and it is difficult to achieve accurate separation of photovoltaic laminates. At the same time, accurate separation can facilitate the recycling of each layer of components and reduce pollution. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic laminate step separation device that is easy to disassemble to obtain components of each layer, and at the same time provide a method for separating photovoltaic laminates using the device.

[0005] Technical solution: A photovoltaic laminate step separation device, including a belt conveyor mechanism, a wire cutting mechanism, and a grabbing mechanism. The belt conveyor mechanism includes a belt conveyor A, a belt conveyor B, and a belt conveyor C arranged in sequence along the length direction. The starting end of the belt conveyor A is the feeding end of the laminate. The wire cutting mechanism is arranged across the width direction of the belt conveyor mechanism and is located at the junction of the belt conveyor A and the belt conveyor B. Both ends of the cutting line on the wire cutting mechanism are respectively connected to the height adjustment device arranged on the wire cutting mechanism and tensioned. The cutting line is parallel to the laminate laid flat on the belt conveyor mechanism. Grabbing mechanisms are arranged above the belt conveyors A and B, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the belt conveyor mechanism is provided with a correction mechanism on both sides, and the correction mechanism acts on the left and right side walls of the flatly laid laminate, guiding the laminate during its conveyance to prevent it from deviating.

[0007] Furthermore, the belt conveying mechanism is respectively provided with feeding mechanisms at the starting end of belt conveyor A and the terminal end of belt conveyor B. The feeding mechanism at the starting end of belt conveyor A acts on the rear wall surface of the flatly laid laminate, and the feeding mechanism at the terminal end of belt conveyor B acts on the front wall surface of the flatly laid laminate. The feeding mechanism adopts a cylinder for height lifting and lowering, and the feeding mechanism limits the laminate when it is transported back and forth between belt conveyor A and belt conveyor B.

[0008] Furthermore, the wire cutting mechanism also includes a mounting frame A, which is an inverted U-shape, with the vertical rods A on both sides thereof being outside the two sides in the width direction of the belt conveyor mechanism, and the transverse rod A on the upper side thereof being above the belt conveyor mechanism, and the height adjustment device being arranged on the inner side surface of the vertical rod A, and the height adjustment device being connected along the vertical sliding direction of the vertical rod A, and the two height adjustment devices on the two vertical rods A being opposite to each other, and the two ends of the cutting line being respectively connected to a height adjustment device.

[0009] Furthermore, the grabbing mechanism includes a vacuum suction cup and a mounting frame B. The mounting frame B is an inverted U-shape, and the vertical rods B on both sides thereof are outside the two sides in the width direction of the belt conveying mechanism, and the transverse rod B on the upper side thereof is above the belt conveying mechanism. The vacuum suction cup is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the transverse rod B. The vacuum suction cup is connected to the transverse rod B through a cylinder and moves vertically up and down. The adsorption surface of the vacuum suction cup faces the belt conveying mechanism. Two groups of grabbing mechanisms are arranged above the belt conveyors A and B, respectively, and two vacuum suction cups are installed on each group of grabbing mechanisms.

[0010] Furthermore, the belt conveyor C includes a belt conveyor C1 and a belt conveyor C2 arranged in parallel on the left and right sides. The belt conveyor C1 is tilted toward the outside of the belt conveyor C1 by synchronously turning over the rotating shafts at both ends of the belt conveyor C1, and the belt conveyor C2 is tilted toward the outside of the belt conveyor C2 by synchronously turning over the rotating shafts at both ends of the belt conveyor C2. The separated three-layer components can be collected separately by using the belt conveyor C1 and the belt conveyor C2 in combination or separately.

[0011] Furthermore, the diameter of the cutting wire is at the millimeter level.

[0012] A separation method of the above-mentioned photovoltaic laminate step separation device, a photovoltaic laminate with a three-layer structure enters the belt conveyor A from the feeding end, the belt conveyors A and B convey forward, the front side wall of the laminate reaches the cutting line, the grabbing mechanism above the belt conveyor A is attached to the upper surface of the first layer of the laminate, the belt conveyor A continues to convey forward, the cutting line cuts between the first layer and the second layer of the laminate so that the first layer stays on the grabbing mechanism, and the second layer and the third layer enter the belt conveyor B as a whole. When the first layer is completely separated from the second layer, the belt conveyors A and B are set to convey backward, and the laminate The rear wall of the laminate reaches the cutting line, the grabbing mechanism above the belt conveyor B is attached to the upper surface of the second layer of the laminate, and the belt conveyor B continues to transport backward. The cutting line cuts between the second and third layers of the laminate so that the second layer stays on the grabbing mechanism and the third layer enters the belt conveyor A. When the second and third layers are completely separated, the belt conveyors A, B, and C are set to transport forward, and each layer is transported by the belt conveyor mechanism and discharged from the belt conveyor C in turn; the cutting line is adjusted by the height adjusting device to a cutting height between the first and second layers and a cutting height between the second and third layers.

[0013] Beneficial effect: The advantages of the present invention are: the separation equipment of the present application can realize continuous and smooth operation through automatic control, assisted by sensors, etc., and can perform step-by-step separation on the three-layer photovoltaic laminate and collect the components of each layer separately. In view of the height difference of each layer of the laminate at the millimeter level, a millimeter-level diamond wire cutting line is used for high-precision and precise cutting and separation, and complete glass, film battery layer, and backplane layer products are efficiently obtained. The separation equipment takes about 2 minutes for a single cutting, and the cutting and separation efficiency of the whole process is about 5 minutes / piece, which greatly improves the efficiency and realizes pollution-free operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention will be further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0016] A photovoltaic laminate step separation device, as shown in the attached Figure 1As shown, it includes a belt conveying mechanism 1, a wire cutting mechanism 2, a grabbing mechanism 3, a correcting mechanism 4, and a feeding mechanism 5.

[0017] The belt conveyor mechanism 1 is composed of three belt conveyors, namely, belt conveyor A11, belt conveyor B12, and belt conveyor C13, which are arranged in sequence along the length direction. The conveying surfaces of the three belt conveyors are set at the same horizontal height, and the adjacent belt conveyors are close to each other and intersected, which not only ensures that each belt conveyor operates independently without interference, but also ensures that the laminates laid flat on the conveying surface can be smoothly and continuously conveyed between adjacent belt conveyors. The starting end of the belt conveyor A11 is the feeding end of the laminates.

[0018] In particular, a straightening mechanism 4 is respectively arranged on both sides of the belt conveyors A11 and B12 in the width direction. Two straightening mechanisms can be respectively arranged on both sides of each belt conveyor. The two straightening mechanisms are arranged front and back. The straightening mechanism can adopt a cylinder. According to the width of the laminate, the straightening mechanism is adjusted to act on the left and right side walls of the flatly laid laminate, so as to guide the laminate during its transportation and prevent it from running off the track.

[0019] One feeding mechanism 5 is provided at the starting end of the belt conveyor A11 (denoted as feeding mechanism 51) and one is provided at the terminal end of the belt conveyor B12 (denoted as feeding mechanism 52). The feeding mechanism 5 can adopt a cylinder and can be raised and lowered as needed. After being lowered, it is not higher than the conveying surface of the belt conveyor and does not interfere with the conveying of the laminate on the conveying surface. After being raised, it is slightly higher than the conveying surface of the belt conveyor. The feeding mechanism 51 acts on the rear wall of the flatly laid laminate, and the feeding mechanism 52 acts on the front wall of the flatly laid laminate.

[0020] The wire cutting mechanism 2 is arranged across the width direction of the belt conveyor mechanism 1 and is located at the intersection of the belt conveyor A11 and the belt conveyor B12. The wire cutting mechanism 2 includes a cutting line 21, a height adjustment device 22, and a mounting frame A23. The mounting frame A23 is an inverted U-shape, and the vertical rods A231 on both sides thereof are outside the two sides in the width direction of the belt conveyor mechanism 1, and the transverse rod A232 on the upper side thereof is above the belt conveyor mechanism 1. The height adjustment device 22 is arranged on the inner side surface of the vertical rod A231, and a sliding connection is formed along the vertical direction of the vertical rod A231, such as a sliding connection of a slide rail and a slider. A locking piece can also be configured to lock the position of the height adjustment device on the vertical rod A. The two height adjustment devices 22 on the two vertical rods A231 are opposite to each other, and the two ends of the cutting line 21 are respectively connected to a height adjustment device 22. The cutting line is adjusted to be parallel to the laminate laid flat on the conveying surface through the height adjustment device, and the cutting line is ensured to be tensioned to meet the cutting needs.

[0021] Grabbing mechanisms 3 are arranged above the belt conveyors A11 and B12, respectively. Grabbing mechanisms 3 include vacuum suction cups 31 and mounting frames B32. Mounting frames B32 are inverted U-shaped. The vertical rods B321 on both sides are outside the two sides of the belt conveyor 1 in the width direction. The transverse rods B322 on the upper side are above the belt conveyor 1. Vacuum suction cups 31 are arranged on the lower bottom surface of the transverse rods B322. Vacuum suction cups 31 can be connected to the transverse rods B322 by cylinders. Then, driven by the cylinders, the vacuum suction cups can move vertically up and down. The adsorption surface of the vacuum suction cups 31 is arranged to face the belt conveyor 1. The vacuum suction cups are connected to the vacuum pipelines to control their operation. Two groups of grabbing mechanisms 3 are arranged above the belt conveyor A11, and two vacuum suction cups 31 are installed on each group of grabbing mechanisms 3. Two groups of grabbing mechanisms 3 are arranged above the belt conveyor B12, and two vacuum suction cups 31 are installed on each group of grabbing mechanisms 3. Both can grab the laminated parts smoothly.

[0022] The method for separating the photovoltaic laminates by the above-mentioned step separation device is as follows:

[0023] Step 1: pre-set the correction mechanism 4 according to the width of the photovoltaic laminate, to ensure that when the laminate is conveyed on the belt conveyor A and the belt conveyor B, the correction mechanism acts on the left and right side walls of the laminate placed flat, and the laminate is conveyed in a straight line without deviation; set the belt conveyor A11 and the belt conveyor B12 to convey forward, the feeding mechanism 51 to descend, the feeding mechanism 51 to rise or descend, the belt conveyor C13 to convey forward or not work, and adjust the cutting height of the cutting line 21 to the first cutting surface between the first layer and the second layer of the laminate;

[0024] Then the three-layer photovoltaic laminate enters the belt conveyor A11 from the feeding end, and the feeding mechanism 51 does not interfere with the feeding of the laminate into the conveying surface of the belt conveyor A. Under the conveyance of the belt conveyor A, the front side wall of the laminate reaches the cutting line 21. At this time, the two sets of grabbing mechanisms 3 above the belt conveyor A11 are set to descend and attach to the upper surface of the first layer of the laminate through the vacuum suction cup 31, keeping the position and height of the laminate unchanged. As the belt conveyor A continues to convey forward and the cutting line 21 cuts the first cutting surface, the two cooperate to make the first layer stay on the grabbing mechanism, while the second and third layers as a whole enter the belt conveyor B12 from the belt conveyor A11. When the first layer is completely separated from the second layer by cutting, the second and third layers as a whole are completely on the belt conveyor B. Before it reaches the feeding mechanism 52, the feeding mechanism 52 needs to be set to rise, so that it remains on the belt conveyor B.

[0025] Step 2: Adjust the cutting height of the cutting line 21 to a second cutting plane between the second layer and the third layer of the laminate, and set the belt conveyor A11 and the belt conveyor B12 to convey backward;

[0026] Under the conveyance of the belt conveyor B, the overall rear side wall of the second and third layers reaches the cutting line 21. At this time, the two sets of grabbing mechanisms 3 above the belt conveyor B12 are set to descend and adhere to the upper surface of the second layer of the laminate through the vacuum suction cup 31, keeping the overall position and height of the second and third layers unchanged. As the belt conveyor B continues to convey backward and the cutting line 21 cuts the second cutting surface, the two cooperate to make the second layer stay on the grabbing mechanism, and the third layer enters the belt conveyor A11 from the belt conveyor B12. When the second layer is completely separated from the third layer by cutting, the third layer is completely on the belt conveyor A. Before it reaches the feeding mechanism 51, the feeding mechanism 51 needs to be set to rise, so as to keep it on the belt conveyor A.

[0027] Step 3: Set the belt conveyor A11, belt conveyor B12, and belt conveyor C13 to forward conveyance, the feeding mechanism 52 to descend, and the feeding mechanism 51 to keep ascending or descending;

[0028] The third layer is first transported to the belt conveyor C13 via the belt conveyors A11 and B12 for unloading. When the third layer leaves the belt conveyors A11 and B12, the grabbing mechanisms above the corresponding belt conveyors are set to release the vacuum in sequence. The first and second layers fall on the belt conveyors A and B respectively without interfering with each other, and are then transported to the belt conveyor C13 in sequence for unloading.

[0029] Step 4: When there is no need to convey on the belt conveyor A and the belt conveyor B starts to convey the second layer, the feeding mechanism 51 can be set to descend, etc., to separate the next laminate.

[0030] In order to collect the separated three-layer components separately, the belt conveyor C13 can be configured to be composed of a belt conveyor C1131 and a belt conveyor C2132. The belt conveyor C1131 and the belt conveyor C2132 are arranged in parallel on the left and right sides. The belt conveyor C1 can be tilted to the outside of the belt conveyor C1 by synchronously turning over the rotating shafts at both ends, and the belt conveyor C2 can be tilted to the outside of the belt conveyor C2 by synchronously turning over the rotating shafts at both ends. The front side, left side, and right side of the belt conveyor C are used as three collection areas. When the three-layer components are successively transported to the belt conveyor C for discharge, the belt conveyors C1 and C2 can be set to be flat to transport one layer of components forward, the belt conveyor C1 can be tilted outward to transport one layer of components outward, and the belt conveyor C2 can be tilted outward to transport one layer of components outward, so that the three layers of components can be automatically distinguished and collected.

[0031] The separation equipment of the present application can realize continuous and smooth operation through automatic control, assisted by sensors, etc., and can perform step-by-step separation on the three-layer photovoltaic laminate and collect the components of each layer separately. In view of the height difference of each layer of the laminate at the millimeter level, a millimeter-level diamond wire cutting line is used for high-precision and accurate cutting and separation, so as to efficiently obtain complete glass, film battery layer, and backplane layer products. The separation equipment takes about 2 minutes for a single cut, and the cutting and separation efficiency of the whole process is about 5 minutes / piece, which greatly improves the efficiency and realizes pollution-free operation.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic laminate step separation device, Features: The invention comprises a belt conveying mechanism (1), a wire cutting mechanism (2), and a grabbing mechanism (3). The belt conveying mechanism (1) comprises a belt conveyor A (11), a belt conveyor B (12), and a belt conveyor C (13) arranged in sequence along the length direction. The starting end of the belt conveyor A (11) is the feeding end of the laminated member. The wire cutting mechanism (2) is arranged across the width direction of the belt conveying mechanism (1) and is located at the intersection of the belt conveyor A (11) and the belt conveyor B (12). The two ends of the cutting line (21) on the wire cutting mechanism (2) are respectively connected to a height adjustment device (22) arranged on the wire cutting mechanism (2) to be tensioned. The cutting line (21) is parallel to the laminated member laid flat on the belt conveying mechanism (1). The grabbing mechanism (3) is arranged above the belt conveyor A (11) and the belt conveyor B (12).

2. The photovoltaic laminate step separation device according to claim 1, Features: The belt conveyor mechanism (1) is provided with a correcting mechanism (4) on both sides, and the correcting mechanism (4) acts on the left and right side walls of the laminated component laid flat.

3. The photovoltaic laminate step separation device according to claim 1, Features: The belt conveying mechanism (1) is provided with a feeding mechanism (5) at the starting end of the belt conveyor A (11) and the terminal end of the belt conveyor B (12), respectively. The feeding mechanism (5) at the starting end of the belt conveyor A (11) acts on the rear wall surface of the laminated member laid flat, and the feeding mechanism (5) at the terminal end of the belt conveyor B (12) acts on the front wall surface of the laminated member laid flat. The feeding mechanism (5) is raised and lowered by a cylinder.

4. The photovoltaic laminate step separation device according to claim 1, Features: The wire cutting mechanism (2) further comprises a mounting frame A (23), the mounting frame A (23) being in an inverted U-shape, the vertical rods A (231) on both sides of the mounting frame A (23) being located outside the two sides of the belt conveying mechanism (1) in the width direction, the transverse rods A (232) on the upper side of the mounting frame A (23) being located above the belt conveying mechanism (1), the height adjustment device (22) being arranged on the inner side surface of the vertical rod A (231), the height adjustment device (22) being connected along the vertical sliding direction of the vertical rod A (231), the two height adjustment devices (22) on the two vertical rods A (231) being opposite, and the two ends of the cutting wire (21) being connected to one height adjustment device (22) respectively.

5. The photovoltaic laminate step separation device according to claim 1, Features: The gripping mechanism (3) comprises a vacuum suction cup (31) and a mounting frame B (32). The mounting frame B (32) is in an inverted U shape. The vertical rods B (321) on both sides thereof are located outside the two sides of the belt conveying mechanism (1) in the width direction. The transverse rods B (322) on the upper side thereof are located above the belt conveying mechanism (1). The vacuum suction cup (31) is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the transverse rods B (322). The vacuum suction cup (31) is connected to the transverse rods B (322) through a cylinder and moves vertically upward and downward. The adsorption surface of the vacuum suction cup (31) faces the belt conveying mechanism (1). Two groups of gripping mechanisms (3) are arranged above the belt conveyor A (11) and the belt conveyor B (12), respectively. Two vacuum suction cups (31) are respectively installed on each group of gripping mechanisms (3).

6. The photovoltaic laminate step separation device according to claim 1, Features: The belt conveyor C (13) includes belt conveyors C arranged in parallel on the left and right sides. 1 (131) Belt Conveyor C 2 (132), belt conveyor C 1 (131) The rotating shafts at both ends are synchronously turned to the belt conveyor C 1 (131) is tilted on the outside, belt conveyor C 2 (132) The rotating shafts at both ends are synchronously turned to the belt conveyor C 2 (132) is tilted on the outside.

7. The photovoltaic laminate step separation device according to claim 1, Features: The diameter of the cutting wire (21) is of the order of micrometers.

8. A separation method of the photovoltaic laminate step separation device according to claim 1, Features: The photovoltaic laminate with three layers enters the belt conveyor A (11) from the feeding end, and the belt conveyors A (11) and B (12) are transported forward. The front side wall of the laminate reaches the cutting line (21). The gripping mechanism (3) above the belt conveyor A (11) is attached to the upper surface of the first layer of the laminate. The belt conveyor A (11) continues to transport forward. The cutting line (21) cuts between the first layer and the second layer of the laminate so that the first layer stays on the gripping mechanism (3) and the second layer and the third layer enter the belt conveyor B (12) as a whole. When the first layer is completely separated from the second layer, the belt conveyors A (11) and B (12) are set to transport backward, and the rear side wall of the laminate reaches the cutting line (21). The gripping mechanism (3) above the belt conveyor B (12) is attached to the upper surface of the second layer of the laminate, and the belt conveyor B (12) continues to convey backwards. The cutting line (21) cuts between the second layer and the third layer of the laminate so that the second layer stays on the gripping mechanism (3) and the third layer enters the belt conveyor A (11). When the second layer and the third layer are completely separated, the belt conveyors A (11), B (12) and C (13) are set to convey forward, and each layer is successively conveyed by the belt conveyor mechanism (1) and discharged from the belt conveyor C (13); the cutting line (21) is adjusted by the height adjustment device (22) to a cutting height between the first layer and the second layer and a cutting height between the second layer and the third layer.

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