Compound fertilizer for improving disease resistance of crops and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation. The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of urea, 8-20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-17 parts of potassium chloride, 5-15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3-10 parts of apatite powder, 5-10 parts of compound trace elements, 2-5 parts of a compound microbial agent and 1-3 parts of a synergist. Compared with the traditional compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer provided by the invention is used for planting crops, so that the morbidity of fungal diseases of the crops can be effectively reduced. The synergistic effect between the complex microbial inoculant and the synergist is utilized, so that the control effect on pathogenic bacteria of crops is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and in particular to a compound fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of crops and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nanyang City is located in the east-central part of Henan Province, on the northern edge of the southern Henan Plain. It has a warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, abundant rainfall and fertile soil. It is one of the important crop production bases in Henan Province. The crops grown in Nanyang City include wheat, corn, sorghum and rice, which are important pillars of the local agricultural economy. According to relevant data, the planting area and output of crops in Nanyang City occupy an important position in Henan Province and even the whole country. In the development of agriculture, uncontrollable natural factors often affect the quality and yield of crops, and crop diseases are one of the most influential factors.

[0003] Crops such as wheat and corn are among the main food crops in my country, and their planting area and output are in a leading position worldwide. However, fungal diseases have always been one of the main factors limiting crop yield and quality. Therefore, in-depth research on the integrated prevention and control technology of crop fungal diseases is of great significance for improving crop yield and quality and ensuring food security. Fusarium fusarium is a disease characterized by fungal infection and is a typical climate-type disease. In my country's crop production, fusarium fusarium is a common disease, which will seriously affect crop yield and quality once it occurs. There are two main peaks of fusarium fusarium in my country, one is in the early filling period and the other is in the late filling period. Among these two peaks, the incidence in the late filling period is more serious. If the disease cannot be effectively controlled and prevented, it will cause a 10% to 30% reduction in crop yield, or even more. The occurrence of fusarium fusarium will also affect crop quality and yield. Fusarium fusarium will cause a layer of gray-white mold on the surface of crop grains, causing the grains to stink and deteriorate, and lose their edible value. At the same time, the disease will also affect the germination rate and emergence rate of crop seeds, reducing yield and quality. Powdery mildew may occur during the entire growth period of the crop. The disease mainly occurs on the surface of leaves, but can also occur on leaf sheaths, panicles, and stems, forming a white powdery mold layer. The diseased part first appears as white filamentous mildew spots, and then gradually expands and combines to form large mildew spots. In severe cases, the thickness of the mildew layer can reach about 2mm, until the leaves wither prematurely; the mildew layer gradually changes from white to gray, and black particles are produced. Powdery mildew is highly contagious, fast-acting, and highly harmful. When crops are infected with the disease, nutrients will be plundered, the photosynthesis efficiency of leaves will be reduced, and the growth and development of crops will be seriously affected, resulting in adverse consequences such as premature leaf withering, reduced tillering, and reduced ear formation rate. If prevention and control are not timely, it will seriously affect crop yields.

[0004] In order to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases of crops, huge amounts of pesticides are used. Although the use of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides can reduce the incidence of fungal diseases such as ergot and powdery mildew to a certain extent, this can easily lead to irrational use of pesticides, especially the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, which can lead to defects such as acidification and compaction of farmland, and unsafe crop quality, seriously affecting the quality and safety of crops and the realization of sustainable development of agricultural modernization. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance, the composite fertilizer comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of urea, 8-20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-17 parts of potassium chloride, 5-15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate (fertilizer grade), 3-10 parts of apatite powder, 5-10 parts of composite trace elements, 2-5 parts of composite bacterial agent and 1-3 parts of synergist;

[0006] The composite bacterial agent comprises nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus.

[0007] The synergist includes naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract.

[0008] Preferably, the composite trace elements are mixed with ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:3:1.

[0009] Preferably, the weight ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus in the composite bacterial agent is 2.0-3.5:0.6-0.9:1.0-1.6.

[0010] Preferably, the weight ratio of naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract in the synergist is 8.0-11.5:6.2-9.0:3.0-4.5:1.0-4.2:1.5-2.5.

[0011] Preferably, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is selected from at least one of Azotobacter rotundifolia and Nostoc cyanobacteria.

[0012] Preferably, the Penicillium citrinum is Penicillium citrinum.

[0013] Preferably, the Bacillus is at least one selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0014] Preferably, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus are added in the form of bacterial powder, and the number of effective live bacteria in the bacterial powder is 1.2-1.8×10 10 Pieces / g.

[0015] Preferably, the particle size of the apatite powder is controlled at 60-80 mesh, and the apatite powder contains 55-8wt% P2O.

[0016] The present application provides a method for preparing the composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance, which comprises mixing and granulating the raw materials according to a proportion, drying at a low temperature, cooling and screening, and inspecting and packaging.

[0017] The present application provides the use of the compound fertilizer in preventing and controlling fungal diseases of crops.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention uses nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus in combination to prevent and treat fungal diseases of crops. The reason may be that the hyphae of Penicillium citrinum are entangled with harmful hyphae, and secrete toxins to cut off and kill the hyphae of harmful bacteria. At the same time, the metabolites of Penicillium citrinum have a stimulating effect on nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus, further promoting the dissolution of harmful hyphae, and significantly improving the inhibitory effect of the composite bacterial agent on harmful fungi. Therefore, the combined use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful fungi and has a synergistic effect.

[0019] In addition, in order to improve the comprehensive prevention and control effect of the compound fertilizer on fungal diseases of crops, the present invention also adds a synergist composed of naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract, and tribulus terrestris extract, which further improves the inhibitory effect of the compound fertilizer on crop fungi. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the control effects of treatment groups 1-8 of the present invention on fusarium head blight and powdery mildew. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The invention provides a composite fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of crops. The composite fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of urea, 8-20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-17 parts of potassium chloride, 5-15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate (fertilizer grade), 3-10 parts of apatite powder, 5-10 parts of composite trace elements, 2-5 parts of composite bacterial agents and 1-3 parts of synergist; the composite bacterial agent comprises nitrogen-fixing bacteria, citrinum penicillium and bacillus; the synergist comprises naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract.

[0022] Preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-30 parts of urea, 10-18 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12-15 parts of potassium chloride, 8-10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate (fertilizer grade), 5-7 parts of apatite powder, 5-7 parts of composite trace elements, 3-4 parts of composite bacterial agents and 2 parts of synergist; more preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of urea, 14 parts of ammonium sulfate, 13 parts of potassium chloride, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate (fertilizer grade), 6 parts of apatite powder, 6 parts of composite trace elements, 4 parts of composite bacterial agents and 2 parts of synergist.

[0023] In the present invention, the weight ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus in the composite bacterial agent is preferably 2.0-3.5:0.6-0.9:1.0-1.6, more preferably 2.5-3.0:0.6-0.8:1.2-1.5, and even more preferably 2.8:0.7:1.3.

[0024] In the present invention, the weight ratio of naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus extract and tribulus terrestris extract in the synergist is preferably 8.0-11.5:6.2-9.0:3.0-4.5:1.0-4.2:1.5-2.5, more preferably 9.0-11.0:6.5-8.5:3.5-4.0:2.0-3.8:1.8-2.3, and further more preferably 10.0:7.5:3.7:3.3:2.0.

[0025] In the present invention, the composite trace elements are mixed with ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:3:1.

[0026] In the present invention, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is selected from at least one of Azotobacter rotundus and Nostoc cyanobacteria. In the present invention, the Penicillium citrinum is Penicillium citrinum. The Azotobacter rotundus was purchased from Beijing Biobowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Nostoc cyanobacteria was purchased from Shanghai Guandao Bioengineering Co., Ltd. Penicillium citrinum was purchased from Shanghai Meiyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with the strain number As 3.2788.

[0027] In the present invention, the Bacillus is selected from at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus thuringiensis. The number of Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.15792, the number of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is CGMCC1.7463, and the number of Bacillus thuringiensis is CGMCC1.15822.

[0028] In the present invention, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus are added in the form of bacterial powder, and the number of effective live bacteria in the bacterial powder is preferably 1.2-1.8×10 10 / g, more preferably 1.3-1.6×10 10 / g, and more preferably 1.5×1010 Pieces / g.

[0029] In the present invention, the particle size of the apatite powder is preferably 60-80 mesh, and the apatite powder contains P2O 55-8wt%, more preferably 7wt%.

[0030] The invention provides a method for preparing the composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance, comprising the steps of mixing and granulating various raw materials according to a proportion, drying at a low temperature, cooling and screening, and inspecting and packaging.

[0031] The invention provides application of the composite fertilizer in preventing and controlling wheat fungal diseases.

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The experimental methods or test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the raw materials and auxiliary agents are obtained from conventional commercial channels or prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0034] The raw materials involved in the following examples and comparative examples are described as follows:

[0035] Naringin, product number S30645, CAS number: 10236-47-2, white to light yellow crystalline powder, purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., purity ≥95%.

[0036] Matrine, product number S31035, CAS number: 519-02-8, needle-shaped or prismatic crystalline powder, purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., purity ≥98%.

[0037] Oleanolic acid, product number S30718, CAS number: 508-02-1, white needle-shaped crystalline powder, purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., purity ≥96%.

[0038] The Cornus officinalis extract and the Tribulus terrestris extract in the following examples are both added in the form of microcapsule powder.

[0039] The preparation method of cornus extract powder is as follows: the cornus dry product is crushed and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain cornus powder, and then clean water is added at a mass ratio of 1:12 between the solid and liquid, and then 0.5% cellulase is added and mixed evenly, and reflux extraction is performed at a temperature of 65°C for 3 hours. After the extraction is completed, the enzyme is inactivated, and the cornus extract is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the cornus extract; the cornus extract is then mixed with gelatin at a weight ratio of 1:8 and spray-dried to obtain the cornus extract powder.

[0040] The preparation method of the tribulus terrestris extract powder is as follows: a dried tribulus terrestris product is crushed and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the tribulus terrestris powder, clean water is added at a mass ratio of 1:12 for the solid-liquid ratio, and then 0.5% of cellulase is added and mixed evenly, and reflux extraction is performed at a temperature of 65°C for 3 hours. After the extraction is completed, the enzyme is inactivated, and the mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the tribulus terrestris extract; the tribulus terrestris extract is then mixed with gelatin at a weight ratio of 1:8 and then spray-dried to obtain the tribulus terrestris extract powder.

[0041] The number of effective living bacteria in nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 1.2×10 10 / g, the effective viable bacteria count in Penicillium citrinum is 1.5×10 10 / g, the effective number of viable bacteria in Bacillus is 1.8×10 10 Pieces / g.

[0042] The particle size of the apatite powder is controlled between 60-80 meshes, and the apatite powder contains 57wt% of P2O.

[0043] The composite trace elements are mixed with ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:3:1.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A method for preparing a composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance is as follows:

[0046] 25 parts of urea, 14 parts of ammonium sulfate, 13 parts of potassium chloride, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate (fertilizer grade), 6 parts of apatite powder, 6 parts of composite trace elements, 4 parts of composite bacterial agent and 2 parts of synergist are mixed according to mass proportion, granulated, dried at low temperature, cooled, sieved, inspected and packaged to obtain a composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance;

[0047] The composite bacterial agent is composed of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, citrinum penicillium and bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 2.8:0.7:1.3; the synergist is composed of naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract in a mass ratio of 10.0:7.5:3.7:3.3:2.0.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A method for preparing a composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance is as follows:

[0050] 20 parts of urea, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate (fertilizer grade), 3 parts of apatite powder, 5 parts of composite trace elements, 2 parts of composite bacterial agent and 1 part of synergist are mixed according to mass proportion, granulated, dried at low temperature, cooled, sieved, inspected and packaged to obtain a composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance;

[0051] The composite bacterial agent is composed of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, citrinum penicillium and bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 2.0:0.6:1.0; the synergist is composed of naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract in a mass ratio of 8.0:6.2:3.0:1.0:1.5.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A method for preparing a composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance is as follows:

[0054] 35 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 17 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate (fertilizer grade), 10 parts of apatite powder, 10 parts of composite trace elements, 5 parts of composite bacterial agent and 3 parts of synergist are mixed according to mass proportion, granulated, dried at low temperature, cooled, sieved, inspected and packaged to obtain a composite fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance;

[0055] The composite bacterial agent is composed of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, citrinum penicillium and bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 3.0:0.8:1.5; the synergist is composed of naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract in a mass ratio of 11.0:8.5:4.0:3.8:2.3.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The difference from Example 1 is that no composite bacterial agent is included, and the remaining steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] The difference from Example 1 is that no synergist is included, and the other steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that the composite bacterial agent consists of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus, and the other steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 4

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the synergist consists of naringin, matrine and oleanolic acid, and the other steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0064] Test example

[0065] Disease resistance tests were conducted on Examples 1-3 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1-4. Respectively: Treatment Group 1 applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers dedicated to wheat (fertilizer application amount 50 kg / mu); Treatment Groups 2-8 applied compound fertilizers prepared from Examples 1-3 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1-4 (fertilizer application amount 50 kg / mu). Other field managements remained the same. The test site was selected at a wheat planting base in Nanyang City, Henan Province. The test wheat variety was Zhengmai 1860.

[0066] The test results are shown in the following table.

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] As can be seen from the above table, the use of the compound fertilizer provided by Examples 1-3 of the present invention to plant wheat can effectively reduce the incidence of fungal diseases fusarium head blight and powdery mildew compared to the treatment group without adding the composite bacterial agent or the synergist. In addition, when the synergist composed of naringin, matrine, and oleanolic acid is added alone or the composite bacterial agent composed of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus is added alone, the control effect on wheat diseases is significantly lower than that of Examples 1-3. From the above analysis results, it can be seen that the composite bacterial agent and the synergist play a synergistic role, which significantly improves the control effect on crop fungal diseases.

[0070] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of urea, 8-20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-17 parts of potassium chloride, 5-15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3-10 parts of apatite powder, 5-10 parts of compound trace elements, 2-5 parts of compound bacterial agent and 1-3 parts of synergist; The composite bacterial agent comprises nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus; The synergist includes naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract.

2. The compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus in the composite bacterial agent is 2.0-3.5:0.6-0.9:1.0-1.

6.

3. The compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of naringin, matrine, oleanolic acid, cornus officinalis extract and tribulus terrestris extract in the synergist is 8.0-11.5:6.2-9.0:3.0-4.5:1.0-4.2:1.5-2.

5.

4. The compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria is selected from at least one of Azotobacter rotundifolia and Nostoc cyanobacteria.

5. The compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Penicillium citrinum is Penicillium citrinum.

6. The compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacillus is selected from at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus thuringiensis.

7. The compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus are added in the form of bacterial powder, and the number of effective live bacteria in the bacterial powder is 1.2-1.8×10 10 Pieces / g.

8. The compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the apatite powder is controlled at 60-80 meshes, and the apatite powder contains 55-8wt% P2O.

9. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving crop disease resistance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The raw materials are mixed and granulated according to the proportion, dried at low temperature, cooled and screened, and then inspected and packaged.

10. Use of the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or the compound fertilizer prepared according to the method according to claim 9, in preventing and controlling fungal diseases of crops.

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