Reinforced rock-soil slope in-situ physical model test device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a reinforced rock-soil slope in-situ physical model test device and a test method, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering in-situ test. The device mainly comprises a side plate with a hole, a steel frame, a connecting bolt, a fixing bolt, a numerical control hydraulic loading system, a reverse anchoring system, a reaction wall, a guide frame, a high-pressure jet system, a three-section drainage groove, a steel gasket, a hydraulic jack, a high-speed camera system, a data acquisition system and a control system. According to the device, an in-situ model test is carried out under complex in-situ geological conditions such as a sliding belt, a weak intercalated layer and a rock-soil interface, and an in-situ test is carried out on a combined slippage instability process of a reinforced rock-soil slope such as a slide-resistant pile, an anchor rod and an anchor cable. According to the testing method, a sliding surface does not need to be arranged in advance, the model slope is induced to slip according to different sliding surface shapes and different slip types by controlling parameters of the high-pressure jet system, and the testing method can be widely applied to research on slope instability mechanisms of reinforced soil, soft rock and weathered rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering in-situ testing, and relates to an in-situ physical model testing device and a testing method, and specifically to an in-situ physical model testing device and a testing method for a reinforced geotechnical slope. Background Art

[0002] In my country, a large number of artificial slopes have been formed in the construction of mines, roads, water conservancy and other fields. Once improperly handled, they are prone to landslide disasters, seriously threatening the construction and operation of engineering projects and the safety of life and property of surrounding personnel. The characteristics of this type of slope are complex and changeable geological conditions, large changes in internal stress state caused by excavation disturbance, and most artificial slopes are equipped with reinforcement structures. However, the interaction between the reinforcement structure and the slope is affected by multiple factors such as geometric boundary conditions and geological conditions, resulting in a very complex interaction process between them. When managing slopes, if the design is based only on specifications without fully considering the site conditions, problems such as over-design or under-design are prone to occur. The former causes a waste of resources, and the latter leaves safety hazards. Therefore, studying the combined stress deformation and sliding instability mechanism of geotechnical slopes with reinforcement structures is an important part of optimizing and demonstrating slope management plans.

[0003] At present, similar physical model test is one of the main ways to study the sliding instability mechanism of reinforced rock and soil slopes and the interaction process between the reinforced structure and the rock and soil. Similar physical model test technology is mainly based on indoor tests. Similar materials or remolded soil are generally used to construct slope models, and hydraulic loading devices or centrifuges are used to provide failure loads. However, for rock and soil bodies with high sensitivity and special structural surfaces (such as collapsible loess, red clay, soft rock, etc.), the use of similar materials may affect the load transfer behavior inside the slope and the interaction between the reinforced structure and the slope, resulting in the test results failing to effectively reflect the real load transfer and instability failure process. In-situ physical model tests also belong to the category of similar physical model test technology. This method can solve the limitations of indoor physical model tests in controlling geological conditions and boundary conditions, but in-situ physical model tests generally have huge engineering workloads, high costs, difficult to control loading, and high test risks. There are some limitations in the existing in-situ physical model test devices and methods for slopes. First, the geometric shape of the sliding surface cannot be controlled. In order to avoid disturbing the rock and soil, it is impossible to pre-set the weak sliding surface under the original soil conditions like the indoor physical model test; second, the slope sliding mode cannot be controlled. Due to the single loading method of the in-situ test, it is impossible to simulate multiple sliding modes such as push-type landslide, traction-type landslide, and layer-bedding landslide by only general loading methods; third, the universality of the test devices and test methods is not strong. Most test devices and test methods are only for special or single working conditions and cannot be extended to multiple types of working conditions. Therefore, there is still a lack of reinforced rock and soil slope in-situ physical model test devices and test methods that are universal and can control the sliding surface shape and slope sliding mode. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing in-situ slope physical model test device and test method, the present invention provides an in-situ model test device and test method suitable for reinforced rock and soil slopes, which can be used to study the sliding instability composite failure mechanism of reinforced rock and soil slopes and the interaction between the structure and the rock and soil under the conditions of different original soil types, different slope geometric boundaries, different sliding modes, different reinforcement structure types, etc., solves the problems of the sliding surface being unable to be preset and the sliding mode being unable to be controlled in the in-situ model test of the slope, and is suitable for in-situ physical model tests of slopes with various rock and soil types, various sliding modes, various sliding surface forms and various reinforcement forms.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a reinforced slope in-situ model test device, including: a side plate with a hole, a steel frame, connecting bolts, fixing bolts, a CNC hydraulic loading system, an anti-anchor system, a reaction wall, a guide frame, a high-pressure jet system, a three-section drainage trough, a steel gasket, a hydraulic jack, a high-speed camera, a data acquisition system and a control system. The perforated side plate is fixed in the steel frame by connecting bolts; the steel frame is fixed to both sides of the model slope by fixing bolts; the CNC hydraulic loading system is divided into a normal loading device and a horizontal loading device, the normal loading device is connected to the anti-anchor system, and is used to apply a vertical load to the top of the model slope, and the horizontal loading device is connected to the reaction wall, and is used to apply a horizontal thrust to the top of the model slope; the anti-anchor system is arranged on both sides and the upper part of the model slope, and is used to provide a vertical reaction force to the normal loading device; the reaction wall is arranged on the rock and soil body on the back side of the model slope, and is used to provide a horizontal reaction force to the horizontal loading device; the guide frame is installed on the surface of the perforated side plate, and is used to guide the jet direction; the high-pressure jet system is fixed to the upper part of the inner wall of the guide frame, and extends into the jet hole of the perforated side plate, so as to soften the local rock and soil body during the test; The three-section drainage trough is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the guide frame and extends into the jet hole of the perforated side plate, so as to drain the excess jet water inside the model slope and prevent the jet water from penetrating into the model slope; the steel gasket is placed between the perforated side plate and the hydraulic jack, so as to evenly transfer the lateral load to the model slope; the hydraulic jack is arranged on both sides of the model slope, so as to apply the lateral load to the model slope; the high-speed camera is fixed on the upper part of the steel frame, so as to obtain the continuous deformation of the surface of the model slope and the top of the reinforcement structure during the test; the data acquisition system is connected to the sensors on the surface or inside of the reinforcement structure and the surface or inside of the model slope, so as to collect and record the changes of the signals of each sensor during the test; the control system is connected in parallel with the high-pressure jet system and the numerical control hydraulic loading system, so as to simultaneously control the high-pressure jet system and the numerical control hydraulic loading system; Furthermore, the perforated side plate is a high-strength transparent plate in a trapezoidal shape, with jet holes distributed in the central area of ​​the surface and connecting bolt holes distributed around the surface; Furthermore, the steel frame includes two main frames, both of which are constructed with equilateral angle steels, with connecting bolt holes thereon for connecting with the side panels with holes, the main frames are connected by steel bars and fixing bolts 4 to form the basic frame of the device, one end of the steel bar is connected to the main frame by a hinge, and the other end has a strip-shaped gap, which can be inserted into the limit groove on the main frame to achieve a small adjustment of the overall width of the steel frame; Furthermore, the main structure of the anti-anchor system includes a ground anchor and a crossbeam, a horizontal slide is provided at the bottom of the crossbeam, the horizontal slide is connected to the bottom of the crossbeam by welding, and the sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the model slope, and the normal loading device is connected to the anti-anchor system through the horizontal slide, so that it can move horizontally along the sliding direction of the model slope while applying a normal load to the top of the model slope; Furthermore, the reaction wall is provided with a vertical slideway, and the horizontal loading device is connected to the reaction wall via the vertical slideway, and the height of the horizontal loading device can be adjusted according to a preset sliding range; Furthermore, the guide frame is a thick-walled cylindrical structure with an edge on the outer end face, which can be connected and fixed to the side plate with holes by screws and strong glue, and the internal hollow part is inclined, and the angle between the axial direction of the inner wall and the axial direction of the outer wall is 5°, so that the channel formed by the jet impact inside the rock and soil body has an inclination angle, ensuring that excess water can flow out in a natural state, and a high-pressure jet pipe slot is provided on the upper part of the inner wall for connecting the high-pressure jet system, and a drainage slot is provided on the lower part of the inner wall for connecting the three-section drainage slot; Further, the high-pressure jet system includes a high-pressure jet tube and a high-pressure pump; Furthermore, the first section of the three-section drainage trough has a horizontal angle of 2°, the second section has a horizontal angle of 5°, and the third section has a horizontal angle of 30°, wherein the second section is connected to the drainage trough slot; Furthermore, the control system can realize the separate control of the pressure of the high-pressure pump in the high-pressure jet system, the number, frequency, duration and flow rate of the high-pressure jet tube opening, so as to induce the generation of different sliding surface forms and different sliding types; it can also realize the separate control of the oil pressure of the normal loading device and the horizontal loading device in the numerical control hydraulic loading system, so as to adjust and maintain the normal and horizontal loads on the model slope during the test; Furthermore, the slope model is made by excavating and cutting the original soil in situ, the model slope should have a flat surface and no plant roots inside, and the size of the model slope is equal to the size variation range of the main part of the test device formed by assembling the perforated side panels and the steel frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the reinforcement structure includes various types of anti-slide piles, anchor rods, anchor cables, pile-anchor composite structures and anchor cable lattice beam composite structures.

[0007] Further, the sensor includes a rebar meter, a strain gauge, an earth pressure cell, and a displacement meter; A test method for a reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Test site preparation: Based on the on-site geological survey, find a representative in-situ physical model test site, level the test site, clear the surface vegetation and shallow root system, and define the scope of the model slope, anti-anchor system and reaction wall; Step 2, pre-embed the physical model of the reinforced structure and the sensors: construct the pre-embedded holes of the reinforced structure according to the test plan, make the physical model of the reinforced structure according to the similarity ratio set in the test, install the sensors on the surface or inside of the physical model of the reinforced structure, pre-embed the physical model of the reinforced structure and various sensors to the designated positions, and then put the physical model of the reinforced structure into the pre-embedded holes. According to the properties of the rock and soil of the model slope, use cement soil slurry with different proportions to inject into the gap between the physical model of the reinforced structure and the pre-embedded holes, and maintain for 3 to 7 days; Step 3, construct the anti-anchor system and reaction wall: Use the construction process of drilling holes-lowering steel cages-casting concrete to construct the ground anchors, install the beams at the top of the ground anchors, install the horizontal slides at the bottom center of the beams, and install the normal loading device on the horizontal slides. Use the construction process of manual digging holes-supporting formwork-lowering steel cages-casting concrete to construct the reaction wall, install the vertical slides on the surface of the reaction wall, and install the horizontal loading device on the vertical slides; Step 4, excavate the model slope and install the test device: use mechanical excavation tools to excavate the rock and soil within 2-3m around the test area to the design elevation at the bottom of the model slope, trim the rock and soil into a model slope with a flat surface on all sides, install the steel frame and the side plate with holes on both sides of the model slope with connecting bolts and fixing bolts, fix the guide frame on the surface of the side plate with holes and align it with the jet hole according to the test requirements for the sliding surface morphology and sliding type, install the high-pressure jet tube and the three-section drainage trough in the guide frame, install a high-speed camera, arrange speckles on the surface of the model slope and the top of the physical model of the reinforced structure, connect the high-speed camera signal and each sensor to the data acquisition system, and connect the CNC hydraulic loading system and the high-pressure jet system to the control system; Step 5: Apply lateral load: Install a set of hydraulic jacks on both sides of the model slope. Relying on the rock and soil on both sides of the model slope, the lateral load applied by the jacks is transferred to the perforated side plates through steel gaskets. The lateral load is applied to the model slope, and the load value is converted according to the ground stress of the in-situ rock and soil.

[0008] Step 6, start the test: turn on the high-speed camera and data acquisition system, and start the test after the image and sensor data transmission are stable. Use the control system to first control the jet pressure of the high-pressure jet system, the opening sequence and opening position of the jet tube, and then control the normal loading device and the horizontal loading device to apply the required load to the model slope respectively. When the model slope has an overall displacement and the internal stress of the reinforced structure physical model changes, turn off the high-pressure jet system, record the images taken by the high-speed camera after the start of the test and the data of each sensor, and continue loading until the model slope and the reinforced structure physical model are completely destroyed; Step 7, test results and analysis: After the test, the data and images captured by the sensors during the test are analyzed by data analysis software and image processing software to obtain the displacement field and stress field change rules of the model slope and reinforced structure from the beginning to the complete instability and failure of the in-situ model test; Step 8. Repeat steps 1-7 to study the composite failure mechanism of reinforced rock and soil slope sliding instability and the interaction between structure and rock and soil under different original soil types, different slope geometric boundaries, different sliding modes, and different reinforcement structure types.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device can carry out in-situ physical model tests in complex geological areas such as sliding zones, soft soil layers, and soil-rock interfaces, avoiding the problem of distortion of test results due to structural changes in reshaped rock and soil bodies in indoor physical model tests.

[0010] 2. The high-pressure jet system can be arbitrarily combined with the guide frame and the side plate with holes to facilitate the creation of sliding surfaces of different shapes inside the model slope, and can also induce the model slope to produce different types of sliding, solving the problem of difficulty in specifying the sliding surface shape and sliding mode in in-situ physical model tests.

[0011] 3. The guide frame adjusts the direction of the high-pressure jet. The jet hole in the model slope has a certain inclination angle, which provides conditions for the removal of excess jet water. The three-section drainage trough accelerates the discharge of water and soil inside the jet hole, avoiding the high-pressure jet from softening the sliding surface rock and soil and continuing to penetrate into other parts of the model slope.

[0012] 4. This test method is suitable for clay, soft rock, weathered rock and some rock slopes with complex structural surfaces. It can simulate the whole process of rock slopes containing anti-slide piles, anchor cables, anchor rods and composite reinforcement structures from stress to complete instability of the slope and reinforcement structure. It enriches the loading mode of the in-situ physical model test of reinforced rock slopes, and can obtain the stress and deformation characteristics of the slope and reinforcement structure under the original soil conditions. It has a wide range of applications, strong versatility, simple operation and reliable test results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the in-situ physical model test device for reinforced slopes; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the core structure of the reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device. Figure 3 It is the front view of the side panel with holes; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a steel frame structure; Figure 5 This is the main view of the combination of the CNC hydraulic loading system and the anti-anchor system; Figure 6 It is the left view of the combination of CNC hydraulic loading system and reaction wall; Figure 7 It is the structural schematic diagram and left view of the guide frame; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram and left view of the three-section drainage trough structure; Fig. 9 It is the left view of the guide frame knot; Fig.10 This is the left view of the three-section drainage trough. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0015] like Figure 1As shown, a reinforced rock and soil slope in-situ physical model test device, the side plate with holes 1 is fixed in the steel frame 2 by connecting bolts 3; the steel frame 2 is fixed to both sides of the model slope by fixing bolts 4; the numerical control hydraulic loading system 5 is divided into a normal loading device 501 and a horizontal loading device 502, wherein the normal loading device 501 is connected to the anti-anchor system 6, and the horizontal loading device 502 is connected to the reaction wall 7; the anti-anchor system 6 is arranged on both sides and the upper part of the model slope; the reaction wall 7 is arranged on the rock and soil body on the back side of the model slope; the guide The guide frame 8 is installed on the surface of the perforated side plate; the high-pressure jet system 9 is fixed on the upper part of the inner wall of the guide frame 8; the three-section drainage trough 10 is installed on the lower part of the inner wall of the guide frame 8; the steel gasket 11 is placed between the perforated side plate 1 and the hydraulic jack 12; the hydraulic jack 12 is set on both sides of the model slope; the high-speed camera 13 is fixed on the upper part of the steel frame 2; the data acquisition system 14 is connected to the sensors on the surface or inside of the reinforced structure and the surface or inside of the model slope; the control system 15 is connected in parallel with the high-pressure jet system 9 and the CNC hydraulic loading system 5.

[0016] The perforated side plate 1 in this embodiment is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it is made of a transparent acrylic sheet, is trapezoidal in shape, has a length of 2000 mm, a rear height of 1200 mm, a front height of 800 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm. There are 62 jet holes 101 with a diameter of 15 mm distributed on the surface of the perforated side plate 1, and the inner wall of each jet hole 101 is threaded. There are 37 connecting bolt holes 102 with a diameter of 20 mm distributed around the perforated side plate 1.

[0017] The steel frame 2 in this embodiment is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the steel frame 2 includes two main frames 201, both of which are built with 50mm×50mm equilateral angle steels, and have the same inner dimensions as the perforated side panels 1. There are 38 connecting bolt holes 202 with a diameter of 24 mm on them, which are used to connect with the perforated side panels 1. The main frames 201 are connected by steel bars 203 with a cross-sectional size of 100 mm×10 mm and fixing bolts 4 to form the basic frame of the device. One end of the steel bar 203 is connected to the main frame by a hinge, and the other end has a 200 mm long strip gap, which can be inserted into the limiting groove 204 on the main frame 201 to achieve the adjustment of the overall width of the steel frame 2 within the range of 200 mm, wherein the steel bar located at the top of the steel frame 2 can be used to fix the high-speed camera 13.

[0018] The connecting bolt 3 in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 , 2 The bolt shown is M20.

[0019] The fixing bolt 4 in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1, shown are M24 bolts.

[0020] The numerically controlled hydraulic loading system 5 in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 , 5 As shown in , 6, it includes a normal loading device 501 and a horizontal loading device 502, the maximum process of both is 300 mm, the maximum range is 20 kN, and the loading rate during the test is 1 mm / min.

[0021] The anti-anchor system 6 in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 , 5 As shown, it includes a ground anchor 601 and a crossbeam 602, wherein the ground anchor 601 is a circular cross-section reinforced concrete pile with a diameter of 200 mm and a length of 2500 mm, the crossbeam 602 is an I-beam with a length of 5000 mm, and a horizontal slide 603 is provided at the bottom of the crossbeam 602, which is welded at the bottom of the crossbeam 602, the length of the slide is 500 mm, and the sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the model slope, and the normal loading device 501 is connected to the anti-anchor system 6 through the horizontal slide 603.

[0022] The reaction wall 7 in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 , 6 As shown, it adopts a reinforced concrete structure with a width of 500 mm, a height of 1500 mm, a thickness of 200 mm, a slideway on the surface, and a vertical sliding length of 800 mm.

[0023] The guide frame 8 in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 7 and 9, it is a thick-walled cylindrical structure with a height of 100 mm, an edge on the outer end face, an outer diameter of 100 mm, an inner diameter of 20 mm, and an angle of 5° between the axial direction of the inner wall and the axial direction of the outer wall.

[0024] The high pressure jet system 9 in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the nozzle of the high-pressure jet tube 901 is made of metal, the nozzle diameter is 5 mm, and the tube body is made of rubber high-pressure hose.

[0025] The three-section drainage trough 10 in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 , 8 As shown in 10, the length of the first section is 100 mm, and the angle with the horizontal is 2°; the length of the second section is 100 mm, and the angle with the horizontal is 5°; the length of the third section is 150 mm, and the angle with the horizontal is 30°.

[0026] The steel gasket 11 in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1As shown, it is a trapezoidal steel plate structure with a thickness of 30 mm, a long side length of 300 mm, a short side length of 200 mm, and a height of 400 mm.

[0027] The high-speed camera 13 in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is fixed on the steel bar 203 at the top of the steel frame 2 to ensure that the slope surface of the entire model slope and the outcropping part of the reinforcement structure are photographed during the test, and the shooting frequency is 100 Hz.

[0028] The physical model of the reinforcement structure in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, a single row of anti-slide pile structure is selected. The pile body is made of concrete, the pile length is 1050 mm, the cross-section is rectangular, and the size is 75 mm × 50 mm.

[0029] The data acquisition system 14 in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is a 64-channel strain acquisition instrument used to receive strain gauge data attached to the surface of the anti-sliding pile physical model, and the acquisition frequency is 100 Hz.

[0030] A reinforced rock and soil slope in-situ physical model test method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1, test site preparation: according to the on-site geological survey, find a representative in-situ physical model test site, level the test site, clean the surface vegetation and shallow root system, and define the scope of the model slope, anti-anchor system 6 and reaction wall 7; Step 2, pre-embedded anti-sliding pile physical model and sensor: construct pre-embedded holes for anti-sliding piles according to the test plan, make a physical model of anti-sliding piles according to the similarity ratio set in the test, install sensors on the surface or inside of the physical model of the reinforced structure, pre-embed the physical model of anti-sliding piles with strain gauges attached to the specified position, and use cement-soil slurry with a ratio of cement: soil: water = 1:3:3 to inject it into the gap between the physical model of anti-sliding piles and the pre-embedded holes, and maintain for 7 days; Step 3, construct the anti-anchor system and reaction wall: Use the construction process of drilling-lowering steel cage-casting concrete to construct the ground anchor 601, install the beam 602 on the top of the ground anchor 601, install the horizontal slide 603 at the bottom center of the beam 602, and install the normal loading device 501 on the horizontal slide 603. Use the construction process of manual digging-supporting formwork-lowering steel cage-casting concrete to construct the reaction wall 7, install the vertical slide 701 on the surface of the reaction wall 7, and install the horizontal loading device (502) on the vertical slide 701; Step 4, excavate the model slope and install the test device: use mechanical excavation tools to excavate the soil within 2 m around the test area to the design elevation at the bottom of the model slope, trim the soil into a model slope with a flat surface on all sides, install the steel frame 2 and the side plate with holes 1 on both sides of the model slope with connecting bolts 3 and fixing bolts 4, and fix the guide frame 8 on the surface of the side plate with holes 1 according to the requirements of the test on the sliding surface morphology and sliding type, and align it with the jet hole 101, install the high-pressure jet pipe 901 and the three-section drainage trough 10 in the guide frame 8, and connect the pure water to the high-pressure pump 902, install the high-speed camera 13, arrange speckles on the surface of the model slope and the top of the anti-sliding pile physical model, connect the high-speed camera signal and the strain gauge signal to the data acquisition system 14, and connect the CNC hydraulic loading system 5 and the high-pressure jet system 9 to the control system 15; Step 5, lateral load application: a set of hydraulic jacks 12 are installed on both sides of the model slope, and the lateral load applied by the jacks is transferred to the perforated side plate 1 through the steel gasket 11 by relying on the soil on both sides of the model slope, and a lateral load of 100 kPa is applied to the model slope.

[0031] Step 6, start the test: turn on the high-speed camera 13 and the data acquisition system 14, and start the test after the image and strain gauge data transmission is stable. Use the control system 15 to control the jet pressure of the high-pressure jet system 9 to be 2 MPa, and the opening sequence of the jet tubes 901 is opened one by one from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope, and the opening interval is 30 s. Then control the normal loading device 501 and the horizontal loading device 502 to apply loads to the model slope respectively. When the model slope has an overall displacement and the internal stress of the reinforced structure physical model changes, turn off the high-pressure jet system 9, record the image and strain gauge data taken by the high-speed camera 13 after the start of the test, and continue loading until the model slope and the anti-slide pile physical model are completely destroyed; Step 7, test results and analysis: After the test, the strain gauge data and images taken during the test are analyzed by data analysis software and image processing software to obtain the displacement field and stress field change rules of the model slope and anti-slide pile physical model from the beginning to the complete instability and failure of the in-situ model test; The relevant technical contents not mentioned in the above methods can be realized by adopting or drawing on existing technologies.

[0032] It should be noted that, under the guidance of this specification, those skilled in the art can also make various easy variations, such as equivalent methods or obvious deformation methods. The above variations should all be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The in-situ physical model test device for reinforced rock and soil slope is characterized by: It includes a side plate with holes (1), a steel frame (2), connecting bolts (3), fixing bolts (4), a CNC hydraulic loading system (5), an anti-anchor system (6), a reaction wall (7), a guide frame (8), a high-pressure jet system (9), a three-section drainage trough (10), a steel gasket (11), a hydraulic jack (12), a high-speed camera (13), a data acquisition system (14) and a control system (15); The perforated side plate (1) is fixed in the steel frame (2) by means of connecting bolts (3); the steel frame (2) is fixed to both sides of the model slope by means of fixing bolts (4); the numerically controlled hydraulic loading system (5) is divided into a normal loading device (501) and a horizontal loading device (502); the normal loading device (501) is connected to the anti-anchor system (6), and the horizontal loading device (502) is connected to the reaction wall (7); the anti-anchor system (6) is arranged on both sides and the upper part of the model slope; the reaction wall (7) is arranged on the rock and soil at the rear side of the model slope; the guide frame (8) is installed on the surface of the perforated side plate; the high-pressure jet system (9) is fixed to The guide frame (8) is mounted on the upper part of the inner wall and extends into the jet hole of the perforated side plate (1); the three-section drainage trough (10) is mounted on the lower part of the inner wall of the guide frame (8) and extends into the jet hole of the perforated side plate (1); the steel gasket (11) is placed between the perforated side plate (1) and the hydraulic jack (12); the hydraulic jack (12) is arranged on both sides of the model slope; the high-speed camera (13) is fixed on the upper part of the steel frame (2); the data acquisition system (14) is connected to sensors on the surface or inside of the reinforcement structure and on the surface or inside of the model slope; the control system (15) is connected in parallel with the high-pressure jet system (9) and the numerical control hydraulic loading system (5); The perforated side plate (1) is a high-strength transparent plate in a trapezoidal shape, with jet holes (101) distributed in the central area of ​​the surface and connecting bolt holes (102) distributed around the surface; The steel frame (2) comprises two main frames (201), both of which are constructed with equilateral angle steels and provided with connecting bolt holes (202) for connecting with the side panels (1) with holes. The main frames (201) are connected via steel bars (203) and fixing bolts (4) to form a basic frame of the device. One end of the steel bar (203) is connected to the main frame via a hinge, and the other end has a strip-shaped gap, which can be inserted into a limiting groove (204) on the main frame (201); The main structure of the anti-anchor system (6) includes a ground anchor (601) and a crossbeam (602). A horizontal slideway (603) is provided at the bottom of the crossbeam (602). The sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the model slope. The normal loading device (501) is connected to the anti-anchor system (6) via the horizontal slideway (603). The reaction wall (7) is provided with a vertical slideway (701), and the horizontal loading device (502) is connected to the reaction wall (7) via the vertical slideway (701), and the height of the horizontal loading device (502) can be adjusted according to a preset sliding range; The high-pressure jet system (9) comprises a high-pressure jet tube (901) and a high-pressure pump (902); The control system (15) can realize the separate control of the pressure of the high-pressure pump (902) in the high-pressure jet system (9), the opening quantity, frequency, duration and flow rate of the high-pressure jet tube (901); and can also realize the separate control of the oil pressure of the normal loading device (501) and the horizontal loading device (502) in the numerical control hydraulic loading system (5).

2. The reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The guide frame (8) is a thick-walled cylindrical structure with an edge on the outer end surface, and can be connected and fixed to the side plate with holes (1) by screws and strong glue. The internal hollow part is inclined, and the angle between the axial direction of the inner wall and the axial direction of the outer wall is 5°. The upper part of the inner wall is provided with a high-pressure jet pipe groove (801), and the lower part of the inner wall is provided with a drainage groove groove (802).

3. The reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first section of the three-section drainage trough (10) has a horizontal angle of 2°, the second section has a horizontal angle of 5°, and the third section has a horizontal angle of 30°, wherein the second section is connected to the drainage trough slot (802) of the guide frame (8).

4. The reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The slope model is made by excavating and cutting the original soil in situ. The model slope should have a flat surface and no plant roots inside. The size of the model slope is equal to the size variation range of the main part of the test device formed by assembling the perforated side plate (1) and the steel frame (2).

5. The reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reinforcement structure includes various types of anti-slide piles, anchor rods, anchor cables, pile-anchor composite structures and anchor cable lattice beam composite structures.

6. The reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor includes a steel bar meter, a strain gauge, an earth pressure box, and a displacement meter.

7. The test method of the reinforced slope in-situ physical model test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Test site preparation: Based on the on-site geological survey, a representative in-situ physical model test site is found, the test site is leveled, surface vegetation and shallow root systems are cleared, and the scope of the model slope, anti-anchor system (6) and reaction wall (7) is delineated; Step 2: Strengthen the physical model of the structure and embed the sensors: According to the test plan, reinforced structure embedded holes are constructed, and a reinforced structure physical model is made according to the similarity ratio set in the test. Sensors are installed on the surface or inside of the reinforced structure physical model, and the reinforced structure physical model and various sensors are embedded in the designated positions. Then, the reinforced structure physical model is placed in the embedded holes. According to the properties of the model slope rock and soil, cement soil slurry with different proportions is injected into the gap between the reinforced structure physical model and the embedded holes, and cured for 3 to 7 days. Step 3: Construction of anti-anchor system and reaction wall: The ground anchor (601) is constructed by the construction process of manually digging a hole - lowering a steel cage - casting concrete in situ, the crossbeam (602) is installed on the top of the ground anchor (601), the horizontal slideway (603) is installed at the bottom center of the crossbeam (602), and the normal loading device (501) is installed on the horizontal slideway (603). The reaction wall (7) is constructed by the construction process of manually digging a hole - supporting a formwork - lowering a steel cage - casting concrete in situ, the vertical slideway (701) is installed on the surface of the reaction wall (7), and the horizontal loading device (502) is installed on the vertical slideway (701); Step 4: Excavate the model slope and install the test device: Use mechanical excavation tools to excavate the rock and soil within a range of 2 to 3 m around the test area to the design elevation at the bottom of the model slope, trim the rock and soil into a model slope with a flat surface, install the steel frame (2) and the side plate with holes (1) on both sides of the model slope with connecting bolts (3) and fixing bolts (4), fix the guide frame (8) on the surface of the side plate with holes (1) and align it with the jet hole (101) according to the test requirements for the sliding surface morphology and sliding type, install a high-pressure jet tube (901) and a three-section drainage trough (10) in the guide frame (8), install a high-speed camera (13), arrange speckles on the surface of the model slope and the top of the physical model of the reinforced structure, connect the high-speed camera signal and each sensor to the data acquisition system (14), and connect the CNC hydraulic loading system (5) and the high-pressure jet system (9) to the control system (15); Step 5: Lateral load application: A set of hydraulic jacks (12) are installed on both sides of the model slope, and the lateral load applied by the jacks is transferred to the side plates with holes (1) through steel gaskets (11) by relying on the rock and soil on both sides of the model slope, so as to apply a lateral load to the model slope, and the load value is converted according to the ground stress of the in-situ rock and soil; Step 6: Start experimenting The high-speed camera (13) and the data acquisition system (14) are turned on, and the test is started after the image and sensor data transmission are stable. The control system (15) is used to first control the jet pressure of the high-pressure jet system (9), the opening sequence and the opening position of the jet tube (901), and then the normal loading device (501) and the horizontal loading device (502) are controlled to apply the required load to the model slope respectively. When the model slope has an overall displacement and the internal stress of the reinforced structure physical model changes, the high-pressure jet system (9) is turned off, and the images taken by the high-speed camera (13) and the data of each sensor after the start of the test are recorded, and the loading is continued until the model slope and the reinforced structure physical model are completely destroyed; Step 7: Test results and analysis: After the test, the data and images captured by the sensors during the test were analyzed by data analysis software and image processing software to obtain the displacement field and stress field change rules of the model slope and reinforced structure from the beginning to the complete instability and failure of the in-situ model test; Step 8: Repeat steps 1-7 to study the composite failure mechanism of reinforced rock and soil slope sliding instability and the interaction between structure and rock and soil under different original soil types, different slope geometric boundaries, different sliding modes, and different reinforcement structure types.

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