Nitrogen-dense planting method for increasing yield of rice in coastal saline land

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a nitrogen-density planting method for increasing the yield of rice in a coastal salinized land, which comprises the following steps: applying polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea with a slow-release period of 60 days to the coastal salinized land for topdressing, the transplanting density of the rice is 16.70 thousand holes / hm < 2 >, and the planting spacing is 30 cm * 20 cm; under the condition of the coastal salinized land with the salinity of 0.3% w / v, a nitrogen form topdressing and transplanting density interaction combination is determined, and a scientific basis is provided for the high yield of rice in the coastal salinized land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a nitrogen-intensive planting method for improving rice yield in coastal saline land. Background Art

[0002] At a time when the contradiction between people and land is becoming more and more prominent, arable land is an extremely precious means of production and the foundation of national food security. Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Its growth, development and yield will be affected by the growing environment, and land salinization has become the main reason affecting rice yields. Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of my country and is surrounded by the sea. Frequent typhoons cause seawater to flood back, and some agricultural land has undergone different levels of salinization, forming typical coastal saline land. Due to the high salinity and low nutrient utilization rate of salinized agricultural land, it is not conducive to the growth and development of rice, resulting in low rice yields and low land resource utilization. Therefore, increasing the yield of salt-tolerant rice under coastal saline land conditions is of great significance to ensuring national food security; Nitrogen fertilizer is a very important fertilizer. It can effectively improve the yield and quality of rice. The nitrogen form greatly affects the growth of rice and its absorption of nitrogen. Transplanting density is one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of rice, and has an important impact on rice yield and quality. Reasonable dense planting can effectively improve photosynthesis and make full use of land. It is the premise for rice to obtain high quality and high yield. Too sparse or too dense planting is not conducive to the coordinated development of rice individual plants and group structure, thus affecting the quality and yield of rice. Currently, most of the research on the interactive effects of nitrogen form and transplanting density on rice production is conducted under non-saline land conditions. There is little research on the effects of different nitrogen forms of topdressing and transplanting density in coastal saline underground on the growth, development and yield of salt-tolerant rice. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a nitrogen-intensive planting method for improving rice yield in coastal saline land, so as to solve the problems of low land resource utilization rate, poor rice quality and low yield in coastal saline land in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A nitrogen-intensive planting method for increasing rice yield in coastal saline land, wherein a polyurethane resin-coated slow-release urea with a slow-release period of 60 days is applied to the coastal saline land, and the salinity of the saline land is 0.3% w / v; Rice is planted in small plots, each of which is 15m2 in area. 2 The transplanting density of rice is 167,000 holes / hm2. 2 , the row spacing is 30cm×20cm; The amount of fertilizer applied to the rice during the whole growth period is as follows: 150 kg / hm2 of polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea 2 , phosphate fertilizer 80kg / hm 2 , Potash fertilizer 100kg / hm 2 ; The nitrogen content of the polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea is 44% by mass; The rice variety is Qingliangyou 3261.

[0005] Furthermore, the polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea is applied in a mass ratio of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 4:4:2.

[0006] Furthermore, the potash fertilizer is applied at a mass ratio of base fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 1:1, and the phosphorus fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer.

[0007] Furthermore, the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Under the condition of coastal saline land with a salinity of 0.3% w / v, the present invention determines a nitrogen-density combined planting method according to the effects of different nitrogen forms of topdressing and transplanting density on the growth and development of salt-tolerant rice, thereby improving the land resource utilization rate of coastal saline land and the quality and yield of salt-tolerant rice. The planting method of the present invention is simple, easy to implement, practical and effective, more in line with local planting conditions, can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to plant salt-tolerant rice in coastal saline land, and is beneficial to improving the planting benefits of farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 This is a data diagram showing the effect of different nitrogen density combinations on rice plant height in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a data diagram showing the effect of different nitrogen density combinations on the number of tillers per unit area of ​​rice in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a data graph showing the effects of different nitrogen density combinations on the number of effective ears per unit area of ​​rice in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0011] Selection of test site: The test site is located in Leyi Village, Liguo Town, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, and the Ledong Experimental Demonstration Base of the National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center. The test site is adjacent to the sea, has sufficient agricultural land for testing and is subject to varying degrees of salinization, sufficient sunshine and rain, and is less affected by severe weather such as typhoons. It also has complete test facilities and can meet basic test conditions.

[0012] Variety selection: Based on the situation of coastal saline-alkali land, ordinary rice is difficult to grow and develop in saline land. The variety selected was "Qingliangyou 3261" independently bred by the team of the National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center. This variety has the characteristics of good salt tolerance, excellent rice quality and good resistance, and has performed outstandingly in the National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Area Consortium.

[0013] Experimental design: This experiment adopted a split-plot design, with nitrogen type topdressing as the main plot and transplanting density as the secondary plot. There were 15 treatments in total, 3 replicates, and a total of 45 plots, each with a 15m 2 The salinity of the coastal saline land is 0.3% w / v. The five nitrogen treatments are N0: no nitrogen application; N1-N4 uniformly use slow-release urea (N: 44%) as basal fertilizer, and topdressing uses different nitrogen forms; N1: nitrate nitrogen (calcium nitrate N: 11%); N2: ammonium nitrogen (ammonium sulfate N: 21%); N3: amide nitrogen (urea N: 46%); N4: amide nitrogen (slow-release urea N: 44%), the slow-release urea is polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea, and the slow-release period is 60 days. The three transplanting densities are S1: 332,000 holes / hm 2 (30*10)cm; S2: 250,000 holes / hm 2 (20*20)cm; S3: 167,000 holes / hm 2 (30*20)cm, 3m is selected after rice matures 2 Calculate production based on actual harvesting in the region and determine actual output.

[0014] Fertilizer application: The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied was 150 kg / hm2. The N1, N2, and N3 treatments were applied according to the mass ratio of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer: grain fertilizer = 4:3:2:1. The N4 treatment was applied according to the mass ratio of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 4:4:2. N1-N4 uniformly applied phosphate fertilizer (phosphorus pentoxide) of 80 kg / hm2, all of which was used as base fertilizer; potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride) was 100 kg / hm2, applied according to the mass ratio of base fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 1:1.

[0015] Seed selection: Select seeds with full grains and place them in the sun for 2-3 days to sterilize and kill insect eggs. Then soak them in water to germinate the rice.

[0016] Rice sowing: The sowing time is December 2023. The germinated rice seeds will be evenly sown on the prepared seedling field, waiting for the rice to sprout. During this period, the stable growth of the seedlings will be ensured, and measures such as weeding, pest control, and film covering will be taken.

[0017] Rice transplanting: The transplanting time is January 2024. Before rice transplanting, the experimental field will be irrigated and the land will be prepared. 2 Build the ridges and cover them with black plastic film, then apply base fertilizer according to the plan and rake it into the soil. When the seedlings grow to the three-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the field. The transplanting density is strictly according to the plan, 2 plants per hole.

[0018] Water and fertilizer management: 10 days after the rice turns green, irrigate each plot with 0.3% w / v salt water, prevent fertilizer from spreading, and keep a water layer of about 3-10 cm until one week before harvest. During this period, the salinity must be controlled to ensure that the change does not exceed 0.05%. Before applying tillering fertilizer, ear fertilizer, and grain fertilizer, ensure that there is a water layer of sufficient height (3-10 cm). After topdressing, only irrigation can be carried out within 15 days, and drainage cannot be carried out to prevent fertilizer loss.

[0019] The test results are as follows: Figure 1 The data graph of the effect of different nitrogen density combinations on rice plant height shows that the rice plant height increases first and then decreases with the change of time, reaching the peak at the heading stage. Under different nitrogen forms, the effect of nitrogen treatment on rice plant height in the four periods from the middle tillering stage to the mature stage is as follows: the middle tillering stage: N2>N1>N4>N3>N0; panicle differentiation stage: N2>N1>N3>N4>N0; heading stage: N4>N3>N2>N1>N0; mature stage: N2>N4>N3>N1>N0; under different transplanting densities, the rice plant height increases with the decrease of transplanting density, and the plant height value reaches the maximum at S3.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a data chart showing the effect of different nitrogen density combinations on the number of tillers per unit area of ​​rice. Figure 2 It can be seen that the number of tillers per unit area of ​​rice decreased from the middle tillering stage to the panicle differentiation stage, reaching the maximum in the middle tillering stage. The effect of nitrogen treatment on the number of tillers per unit area of ​​rice in the middle tillering stage and the panicle differentiation stage was as follows: middle tillering stage: N1>N2>N4>N3>N0; panicle differentiation stage: N2>N4>N1>N3>N0. Under different transplanting densities, the number of tillers per unit area of ​​rice increased with the increase of transplanting density, and the number of tillers reached the maximum at S1.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a data chart showing the effect of different nitrogen density combinations on the number of effective panicles per unit area of ​​rice. Figure 3It can be seen that the number of effective panicles per unit area of ​​rice increased from the heading stage to the maturity stage, but the trend was not obvious and reached the highest point at the maturity stage. The effect of nitrogen treatment on the number of effective panicles per unit area of ​​rice at the heading stage and maturity stage was as follows: heading stage: N4>N2>N3>N1>N0; maturity stage: N4>N2>N3>N1>N0. Under different transplanting densities, the number of effective panicles per unit area of ​​rice increased with the increase of transplanting density, and the number of effective panicles reached the maximum at S1, which was the same as the trend of the number of tillers per unit area.

[0022] Table 1 shows the effects of different nitrogen density combinations on rice yield and yield components. It can be seen from Table 1 that under different transplanting density treatments, rice yield, number of spikelets per panicle, fruit setting rate, and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of transplanting density. When the nitrogen treatment was N1, transplanting densities S1, S2, and S3 increased yield by 21%, 38%, and 39% respectively compared with the nitrogen treatment N0; when the nitrogen treatment was N2, transplanting densities S1, S2, and S3 increased yield by 36%, 49%, and 49% respectively compared with the nitrogen treatment N0; when the nitrogen treatment was N3, transplanting densities S1, S2, and S3 increased yield by 36%, 45%, and 45% respectively compared with the nitrogen treatment N0; when the nitrogen treatment was N4, transplanting densities S1, S2, and S3 increased yield by 38%, 50%, and 51% respectively compared with the nitrogen treatment N0. Under the same transplanting density, the order of influence of nitrogen treatment on rice yield is: N4>N2>N3>N1>N0. Under the same transplanting density, when nitrogen treatment is N4, rice yield, number of effective panicles per unit area, number of spikelets per panicle, and number of spikelets per unit area are significantly higher than other nitrogen treatments, and the difference in fruit setting rate and thousand-grain weight is small compared with other nitrogen treatments. N4 increases yield by 46.1%, 10.4%, 1.1%, and 3.1% compared with N0, N1, N2, and N3 treatments, respectively. This shows that when nitrogen treatment is N4 and transplanting density treatment is S3, rice yield and yield components can be effectively improved.

[0023] Table 1 Effects of different nitrogen density combinations on rice yield and yield components

[0024] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0025] In summary, under the conditions of coastal saline land, different nitrogen density combinations affect the growth and yield of salt-tolerant rice. In order to increase the yield of salt-tolerant rice under coastal saline land, polyurethane resin-coated slow-release urea topdressing should be selected for salt-tolerant rice, and the transplanting density should be 167,000 holes / hm2. 2 (30*20)cm, it is easy to get high yield by matching.

[0026] The above description is only a preferred implementation method of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above implementation method. Any equivalent modifications or changes made by ordinary technicians in the field based on the contents disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. A nitrogen-intensive planting method for increasing rice yield in coastal saline land, characterized in that: Applying polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea with a slow-release period of 60 days as a topdressing fertilizer to the coastal saline land, wherein the salinity of the saline land is 0.3% w / v; Rice is planted in small plots, each of which is 15 m2 in area. 2 The transplanting density of rice is 167,000 holes / hm2. 2 , the row spacing is 30cm×20cm; The amount of fertilizer applied to the rice during the whole growth period is as follows: 150 kg / hm2 of polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea 2 , phosphate fertilizer 80kg / hm 2 , Potash fertilizer 100kg / hm 2 ; The nitrogen content of the polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea is 44% by mass; The rice variety is Qingliangyou 3261.

2. A nitrogen-intensive planting method for increasing rice yield in coastal saline land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane resin coated slow-release urea is applied in a mass ratio of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 4:4:

2.

3. The nitrogen-intensive planting method for increasing rice yield in coastal saline land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potash fertilizer is applied at a mass ratio of base fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 1:1, and the phosphorus fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer.

4. A nitrogen-intensive planting method for increasing rice yield in coastal saline land according to claim 3, characterized in that: The phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.

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