Waterproof structure for tunnel and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel, in particular to a waterproof structure for the tunnel. The invention further relates to a tunnel construction method, in particular to a waterproof structure for a tunnel and a construction method, the waterproof structure comprises a primary support layer and a drainage pool, the primary support layer is wrapped with a first second lining layer and a second second lining layer, and the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are covered with polymer spraying film waterproof layers. A first inverted arch layer and a second inverted arch layer are arranged in the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer respectively; the first inverted arch layers are located on the two sides of the first-second lining layer, the second inverted arch layers are located on the two sides of the second-second lining layer, and the drainage pool is located between the two first inverted arch layers. Drainage ditches are formed in the two sides of the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer and are longitudinally arranged along the primary support layer. The first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the primary support layer, a first connecting seam exists between the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer, and an expansion type water stop strip is arranged in the first connecting seam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a tunnel, and in particular to a waterproof structure and a construction method for a tunnel. The present invention also relates to a tunnel construction method, and in particular to a waterproof structure and a construction method for a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground, and are a form of human use of underground space. When building underground tunnels, they are usually completed by splicing due to their long length. The groundwater in the ground will enter the tunnel through the splicing seams, which will cause irreparable damage to the tunnel in the long run.

[0003] At present, it is difficult for traditional waterproof materials to maintain sufficient fit when dealing with complex and irregular parts (such as the junction of the arch and the side wall), resulting in a decrease in the integrity of the waterproof layer and an increased risk of leakage. Traditional waterproof panels and membranes often require multiple overlaps and fixations. In the long-term operation process, these joints and overlaps become weak links for leakage, resulting in water accumulation inside the tunnel structure, affecting the structural safety. Summary of the invention

[0004] The first object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof structure for a tunnel, which solves the problem of low efficiency of the waterproof system of the current tunnel joints.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A waterproof structure for a tunnel comprises a primary supporting layer and a drainage pool, wherein the primary supporting layer is wrapped with a first second lining layer and a second second lining layer, the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are covered with a polymer spray film waterproof layer, the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are respectively provided with a first inverted arch layer and a second inverted arch layer; the first inverted arch layer is located on both sides of the first second lining layer, the second inverted arch layer is located on both sides of the second second lining layer, and the drainage pool is located on the first inverted arch layer; drainage ditches are provided on both sides of the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer, and the drainage ditches are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer, a first connecting seam exists between the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer, and an expansion water stop strip is provided in the first connecting seam.

[0007] Furthermore, the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer, a second connecting seam exists between the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer, and an expansion water stop strip is provided in the second connecting seam.

[0008] Furthermore, there is a third connection seam between the first and second lining layers and the first inverted arch layer, and there is a third connection seam between the second and second lining layers and the second inverted arch layer; an embedded galvanized steel plate waterstop is provided in the third connection seam.

[0009] Furthermore, an annular drainage pipe, a longitudinal drainage pipe and a transverse drainage pipe are laid on the inner wall of the primary supporting layer, and the annular drainage pipe is attached to the outer sides of the first and second lining layers; the transverse drainage pipe penetrates from the inner side of the inverted arch layer to the outer side of the second lining layer, and the port of the transverse drainage pipe is located in the drainage pool; the longitudinal drainage pipe is located on both sides of the primary supporting layer, and the longitudinal drainage pipe extends longitudinally along the primary supporting layer; the longitudinal drainage pipe, the annular drainage pipe and the transverse drainage pipe are connected by a tee.

[0010] Furthermore, the longitudinal drainage pipe, the transverse drainage pipe and the annular drainage pipe all use a water collecting pipe, and the water collecting pipe includes a water pipe body, a groove is provided on the water pipe body, and a plurality of penetration holes are provided on the groove.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof structure construction method for a tunnel, which solves the current serious problem of tunnel leakage.

[0012] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for constructing a waterproof structure for a tunnel, such as using the waterproof structure for a tunnel described in the above embodiment, comprises: S1. After tunnel excavation is completed, initial support is first carried out, using shotcrete or reinforced concrete to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock and provide a foundation for subsequent construction; S2. After the primary support layer is completed, the drainage system is arranged; the circumferential drainage pipe and the longitudinal drainage pipe are arranged along the circumference and longitudinal direction of the tunnel respectively, the circumferential drainage pipe is connected with the longitudinal drainage pipe, and the end of the circumferential drainage pipe is located at the drainage pool, thereby forming an overall drainage network; S3. After the initial support layer and drainage system are completed, the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer are constructed respectively; at the same time, a water-expandable water stop strip is installed at the second joint to ensure good sealing performance of the construction joint of the inverted arch structure; S4. After the construction of the first and second inverted arch layers is completed, the polymer spray film waterproof layer is constructed; the waterproof material is evenly sprayed on the inner surface of the primary support using a spraying device to form a seamless waterproof layer covering the entire surface of the tunnel; S5. After the waterproof layer is sprayed and cured, the first and second lining layers are constructed; the first and second lining layers are located on the top and side walls of the tunnel, and reinforced concrete is poured to form the permanent support structure of the tunnel, which is closely combined with the waterproof layer; S6. After the first and second linings are completed, the second lining is constructed. The second lining is usually located at the bottom of the tunnel. The first and second linings are combined to form a complete secondary lining structure to ensure permanent support of the tunnel. S7. Install an expansion water stop strip in the first joint; install an expansion water stop strip in the second joint; install an embedded galvanized steel water stop strip in the third joint; S8. After the construction is completed, the drainage system is tested to simulate the water flow in the tunnel operation, and the drainage effect of the drainage pipes and drainage ditches is checked to ensure that the seepage water can be discharged smoothly. At the same time, check whether there is leakage in the waterproof layer and construction joints.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) Seamless waterproofing to avoid leakage. The polymer spray waterproofing layer is directly covered on the inner surface of the tunnel primary support layer through a spraying process to form a continuous seamless waterproof membrane, avoiding the overlap problem of traditional waterproof boards and rolls, and greatly reducing the risk of leakage.

[0014] (2) High construction efficiency and adaptability to complex structures. Polymer spray film materials have excellent flexibility and adhesion, and can quickly adapt to various complex shapes in the tunnel, especially when dealing with special-shaped parts. At the same time, the spraying process simplifies the construction process, improves construction efficiency, and shortens the construction period.

[0015] (3) High water pressure resistance and strong environmental adaptability. Experiments show that polymer spray film materials can still maintain good waterproofing effects under high water pressure conditions. In addition, the material has good low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and aging resistance, and is suitable for tunnel projects under high water pressure, low temperature and corrosive environments.

[0016] (4) Double-sided bonding, high structural strength. The polymer spray waterproof layer is double-sidedly bonded to the primary support layer and the secondary lining layer to form a stable waterproof system, which improves the overall structural strength of the tunnel and prevents the waterproof layer from peeling off under water pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a waterproof structure for a tunnel.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of polymer spray waterproof layer.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the water collection pipe.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the first connection seam.

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the second connection seam.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the third connecting seam.

[0023] Figure 7 The present invention is a flow chart of a waterproof structure construction method for a tunnel.

[0024] In the figure: 1. primary support layer; 2. drainage pool; 3. first second lining layer; 4. second second lining layer; 5. polymer spray film waterproof layer; 6. first inverted arch layer; 7. second inverted arch layer; 8. drainage ditch; 9. first connecting joint; 10. expansion water stop strip; 11. second connecting joint; 12. third connecting joint; 13. embedded galvanized steel plate water stop strip; 21. annular drainage pipe; 22. longitudinal drainage pipe; 23. transverse drainage pipe; 31. water pipe body; 32 groove; 33 penetration hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a waterproof structure for a tunnel includes a primary support layer 1 and a drainage pool 2. The primary support layer 1 is wrapped with a first secondary lining layer 3 and a second secondary lining layer 4. The first secondary lining layer 3 and the second secondary lining layer 4 are covered with a polymer spray film waterproof layer 5. The first secondary lining layer 3 and the second secondary lining layer 4 are respectively provided with a first inverted arch layer 6 and a second inverted arch layer 7; the first inverted arch layer 6 is located on both sides of the first secondary lining layer 3, and the second inverted arch layer 7 is located on both sides of the second secondary lining layer 4. The drainage pool 2 is located on the first inverted arch layer 6; drainage ditches 8 are provided on both sides of the first inverted arch layer 6 and the second inverted arch layer 7, and the drainage ditches 8 are arranged longitudinally along the primary support layer 1. The polymer spray film waterproof layer 5 is located between the primary support layer 1 and the secondary lining layer, and the secondary lining layer includes the first secondary lining layer 3 and the second secondary lining layer 4. The polymer spray film waterproof layer 5 forms a seamless waterproof barrier between the primary support layer 1 and the secondary lining layer. The polymer spray film waterproof layer 5 also has good adhesion and high tensile strength, effectively prevents groundwater infiltration, and adapts to complex tunnel shapes, significantly improving the waterproof performance of the tunnel.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, the first secondary lining layer 3 and the second secondary lining layer 4 are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer 1, and there is a first connection seam 9 between the first secondary lining layer 3 and the second secondary lining layer 4, and an expansion water stop strip 10 is provided in the first connection seam 9. After groundwater penetrates into the inner side of the primary supporting layer 1, as the first connection seam 9 deforms, groundwater enters the first connection seam 9, and the expansion water stop strip 10 expands when it encounters water, quickly filling up the extra space generated by the deformation of the first connection seam 9, preventing groundwater from continuing to penetrate into the interior, and preventing groundwater from penetrating into the interior.

[0027] like Figure 5As shown, the first inverted arch layer 6 and the second inverted arch layer 7 are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer 1, and a second connecting seam 11 is provided between the first inverted arch layer 6 and the second inverted arch layer 7. An expansion type water stop strip 10 is provided in the second connecting seam 11. The expansion type water stop strip 10 will swell when it encounters water, and fill the second connecting seam 11 to prevent groundwater from entering the interior.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, there is a third connection joint 12 between the first second lining layer 3 and the first inverted arch layer 6, and there is a third connection joint 12 between the second second lining layer 4 and the second inverted arch layer 7; an embedded galvanized steel plate water stop 13 is provided in the third connection joint 12. The embedded galvanized steel plate water stop 13 is compressed or stretched between the concrete deformation joints, and plays a sealing and water-stopping role, preventing groundwater from entering the interior from the third connection joint 12.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, an annular drainage pipe 21, a longitudinal drainage pipe 22 and a transverse drainage pipe 23 are laid on the inner wall of the primary support layer 1, and the annular drainage pipe 21 is attached to the outside of the first second lining layer 3 and the second second lining layer 4; the transverse drainage pipe 23 penetrates from the inner side of the inverted arch layer to the outer side of the second lining layer, and the port of the transverse drainage pipe 23 is located in the drainage pool 2; the longitudinal drainage pipe 22 is located on both sides of the primary support layer 1, and the longitudinal drainage pipe 22 extends longitudinally along the primary support layer 1; the longitudinal drainage pipe 22, the annular drainage pipe 21 and the transverse drainage pipe 23 are connected through a tee. The longitudinal drainage pipe 22 and the transverse drainage pipe 23 both use a water collecting pipe, and the water collecting pipe includes a water pipe body 31, and a groove 32 is provided on the water pipe body 31, and a plurality of penetration holes 33 are provided on the groove 32. The groundwater entering the primary support layer 1 will enter the annular drainage pipe 21, the longitudinal drainage pipe 22 and the transverse drainage pipe 23, and then the water will be discharged out of the tunnel. The groundwater entering the primary support layer 1, after falling on the water pipe body 31, will quickly reach the infiltration hole 33 under the acceleration of the groove 32, and will also fall into the drainage pipe more quickly, thereby improving the infiltration efficiency and drainage efficiency. Example 2

[0030] like Figure 7 As shown, a waterproof structure construction method for a tunnel, such as using a waterproof structure for a tunnel described in Example 1, comprises: S1. After tunnel excavation is completed, initial support is first carried out, using shotcrete or reinforced concrete to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock and provide a foundation for subsequent construction; and ensure that the surface of the initial support structure is flat and the support strength meets the requirements, so as to provide a reliable foundation for the subsequent waterproof layer and structure construction.

[0031] S2. After the initial support layer 1 is completed, the drainage system is arranged; the annular drainage pipe and the longitudinal drainage pipe 22 are arranged along the annular and longitudinal directions of the tunnel respectively, the annular drainage pipe 21 is connected with the longitudinal drainage pipe 22, and the end of the annular drainage pipe 21 is located at the drainage pool 2, thereby forming an overall drainage network; and ensure that the drainage pipes are arranged reasonably, and the drainage system can smoothly discharge the seepage water in the tunnel to avoid the pressure of accumulated water on the structure.

[0032] S3. After the primary support layer 1 and the drainage system are completed, the first inverted arch layer 6 and the second inverted arch layer 7 are constructed respectively; at the same time, a water-swelling water stop strip is installed at the second joint 11 to ensure that the construction joint sealing performance of the inverted arch structure is good; the inverted arch layer construction should be carried out in sections, first completing the first inverted arch layer 6, and then the second inverted arch layer 7 to ensure that the inverted arch structure is completed as a whole. At the same time, the water stop strips and water stop strips at all joints must be correctly installed to ensure their waterproof performance under high water pressure.

[0033] S4. After the construction of the first inverted arch layer 6 and the second inverted arch layer 7 is completed, the polymer spray film waterproof layer 5 is constructed; the waterproof material is evenly sprayed on the inner surface of the primary support using spraying equipment to form a seamless waterproof layer covering the entire surface of the tunnel; ensure that the material is evenly distributed during spraying, especially focusing on the special-shaped parts and joints to ensure that the waterproof layer is not missed. The temperature and humidity of the construction environment should be appropriate to ensure good curing of the material.

[0034] S5. After the waterproof layer is sprayed and cured, the first and second linings 3 are constructed; the first and second linings 3 are located on the top and side walls of the tunnel, and reinforced concrete is poured to form a permanent support structure of the tunnel, which is closely combined with the waterproof layer; ensure that the first and second linings 3 and the second and second linings 4 are seamlessly connected with the polymer spray waterproof layer 5, and avoid damaging the waterproof layer during construction. At the same time, the construction joints need special treatment to ensure the waterproof performance of the first and second linings 3 and the second and second linings 4.

[0035] S6. After the completion of the first secondary lining 3, the second secondary lining 4 is constructed. The second secondary lining 4 is usually located at the bottom of the tunnel; the first secondary lining 3 is combined with the second secondary lining 4 to form a complete secondary lining structure to ensure the permanent support of the tunnel; the connection between the first secondary lining 3 and the second secondary lining 4 needs to be strictly waterproofed, especially the construction joint should be installed with a buried waterstop to ensure that there is no leakage at the joint.

[0036] S7. Install an expansive waterstop strip 10 in the first joint 9; install an expansive waterstop strip 10 in the second joint 11; install an embedded galvanized steel plate waterstop strip 13 in the third joint 12; the waterstop strip and waterstop strip must fit perfectly with the construction joint to ensure that there will be no water seepage problems during the long-term operation of the tunnel.

[0037] S8. After the construction is completed, the drainage system is tested to simulate the water flow in the tunnel operation, and the drainage effect of the drainage pipes and drainage ditches 8 is checked to ensure that the seepage water can be discharged smoothly. At the same time, check whether there is leakage in the waterproof layer and construction joints. During the test, the drainage system and waterproof layer should be fully checked to ensure that all waterproof and drainage measures meet the design standards.

[0038] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof structure for a tunnel, It is characterized in that It includes a primary supporting layer and a drainage pool, wherein the primary supporting layer is wrapped with a first second lining layer and a second second lining layer, the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are covered with a polymer spray film waterproof layer, and the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are respectively provided with a first inverted arch layer and a second inverted arch layer; the first inverted arch layer is located on both sides of the first second lining layer, and the second inverted arch layer is located on both sides of the second second lining layer, and the drainage pool is located on the first inverted arch layer; drainage ditches are provided on both sides of the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer, and the drainage ditches are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer.

2. A waterproof structure for a tunnel according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The first second lining layer and the second second lining layer are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer, a first connecting seam is provided between the first second lining layer and the second second lining layer, and an expansion water stop strip is provided in the first connecting seam.

3. A waterproof structure for a tunnel according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer are arranged longitudinally along the primary supporting layer, a second connecting seam is provided between the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer, and an expansion water stop strip is provided in the second connecting seam.

4. A waterproof structure for a tunnel according to claim 1, It is characterized in that There is a third connection seam between the first and second lining layers and the first inverted arch layer, and there is a third connection seam between the second and second lining layers and the second inverted arch layer; an embedded galvanized steel plate waterstop is provided in the third connection seam.

5. A waterproof structure for a tunnel according to claim 1, It is characterized in that An annular drainage pipe, a longitudinal drainage pipe and a transverse drainage pipe are laid on the inner wall of the primary supporting layer. The annular drainage pipe is attached to the outer sides of the first and second lining layers; the transverse drainage pipe penetrates from the inner side of the inverted arch layer to the outer side of the second lining layer, and the port of the transverse drainage pipe is located in the drainage pool; the longitudinal drainage pipe is located on both sides of the primary supporting layer, and the longitudinal drainage pipe extends longitudinally along the primary supporting layer; the longitudinal drainage pipe, the annular drainage pipe and the transverse drainage pipe are connected by a tee.

6. A waterproof structure for a tunnel according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The longitudinal drainage pipe and the transverse drainage pipe both use a water collecting pipe, and the water collecting pipe includes a water pipe body, a groove is provided on the water pipe body, and a plurality of penetration holes are provided on the groove.

7. A waterproof structure construction method for a tunnel, It is characterized in that A waterproof structure for a tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: S1. After tunnel excavation is completed, initial support is first carried out, using shotcrete or reinforced concrete to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock and provide a foundation for subsequent construction; S2. After the primary support layer is completed, the drainage system is arranged; the circumferential drainage pipe and the longitudinal drainage pipe are arranged along the circumference and longitudinal direction of the tunnel respectively, the circumferential drainage pipe is connected with the longitudinal drainage pipe, and the end of the circumferential drainage pipe is located at the drainage pool, thereby forming an overall drainage network; S3. After the initial support layer and drainage system are completed, the first inverted arch layer and the second inverted arch layer are constructed respectively; at the same time, a water-expandable water stop strip is installed at the second joint to ensure good sealing performance of the construction joint of the inverted arch structure; S4. After the construction of the first and second inverted arch layers is completed, the polymer spray film waterproof layer is constructed; the waterproof material is evenly sprayed on the inner surface of the primary support using a spraying device to form a seamless waterproof layer covering the entire surface of the tunnel; S5. After the waterproof layer is sprayed and cured, the first and second lining layers are constructed; the first and second lining layers are located on the top and side walls of the tunnel, and reinforced concrete is poured to form the permanent support structure of the tunnel, which is closely combined with the waterproof layer; S6. After the completion of the first and second linings, the second lining is constructed. The second lining is located at the bottom of the tunnel. The first and second linings are combined to form a complete secondary lining structure to ensure permanent support of the tunnel. S7. Install an expansion water stop strip in the first joint; install an expansion water stop strip in the second joint; install an embedded galvanized steel water stop strip in the third joint; S8. After the construction is completed, the drainage system is tested to simulate the water flow during tunnel operation, and the drainage effect of the drainage pipes and drainage ditches is checked to ensure that the seepage water can be discharged smoothly. At the same time, check whether there is leakage in the waterproof layer and construction joints.

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