Variable-capacity bucket and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-capacity bucket which comprises a fixed bucket body, a movable bucket body, a left guide mechanism, a right guide mechanism, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a second pin shaft, a third pin shaft, a first locking pin, a first end cover, a first lining, bucket teeth, a first pin shaft, a second end cover, a second lining, a hydraulic lock, a second locking pin, a locking nut and a connecting rod. A movable bucket body is rotationally arranged on the outer side of the fixed bucket seat through a first pin shaft, the first pin shaft sequentially penetrates through a first shaft sleeve and a second shaft sleeve from inside to outside and is connected with the first shaft sleeve through a bolt, a first lining is arranged between the first pin shaft and the second shaft sleeve, and the end of the second shaft sleeve is connected with a first end cover through a bolt. Stepless bucket capacity switching is achieved, the vehicle purchase cost is saved, efficiency is improved, friction resistance is small, materials are not prone to being clamped, clamping stagnation is avoided, the switching action is smooth, and it is guaranteed that cutting force is not reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of excavators, and specifically relates to a variable capacity bucket and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Both excavators and loaders are engineering machinery that use buckets to dig, load and transport materials such as soil, silt, stone, coal, and garbage. Their bucket structures and functions are similar, but their functional emphases are different. Excavators focus on digging, have a smaller bucket capacity, and have a higher bucket strength, while loaders focus on loading, have a relatively larger bucket capacity, and have a lower bucket strength. When both use buckets to operate under different working conditions, in order to achieve higher work efficiency, they both need to replace the appropriate bucket according to the nature of the material. When digging and loading high-density hard materials such as stones, a small-capacity bucket is required, while when digging and loading low-density loose materials such as soil, silt, and garbage, a large-capacity bucket is preferred.

[0003] At present, when users purchase excavators, they can only purchase one or more fixed-capacity buckets according to work requirements. Faced with complex and changeable working conditions, it is often necessary to replace the bucket as a whole. Replacing the bucket requires going to a professional repair shop, and the whole process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. There is also a quick-change device that can quickly replace the bucket, but purchasing, storing and carrying extra buckets takes up additional procurement, transportation, and storage space and costs. The defect of fixed-capacity buckets' poor adaptability to working conditions has seriously restricted the further improvement of work efficiency.

[0004] In view of the difficulty in replacing fixed-capacity buckets, the existing technology has also made some improvements. The technical solution proposed by CN205000385U is to set two side buckets to extend and retract on both sides of the main bucket, and change the bucket volume by changing the bucket width under the premise that the bucket cross-sectional area remains unchanged. This technology has the following three defects: 1. The driving cylinder of the side bucket is not colinear with the slide rail. When the hydraulic cylinder is extended and retracted, it will apply a torque to the side bucket to offset the slide rail, causing the movement of the side bucket in the slide rail to change from ideal surface-to-surface contact sliding to point-to-surface contact sliding, resulting in one or several special points with heavy loads. The special points will be excessively worn, and when the deflection torque is too large, it will cause expansion and contraction jamming; 2. The sliding contact area between the side bucket and the main bucket is large, and the friction resistance is very high during sliding, which requires high sealing and cleanliness inside the slide rail, but the sliding surface of the side bucket and the main bucket runs through the entire bucket cross section. When the bucket is digging, it is easy for materials to enter between the sliding surfaces and cause jamming; 3. When the width of the bucket becomes longer, the main blade also becomes longer accordingly, and the material area contacted by the working surface of the main blade increases, which leads to a decrease in the cutting force acting on the unit material area. There is also a solution proposed in CN111197325A, which is to increase the bucket capacity by adding baffles on the back and sides of the bucket. This solution has the following defects: 1. The disassembly, assembly and adjustment of the baffles require manual operation, which is only suitable for small and lightweight buckets. The installation of baffles on large buckets requires mechanical assistance, and the bucket capacity change operation is more troublesome; 2. Only three baffles are added on both sides and the back of the bucket, and there is no change on the bucket tooth side, which is a short board. According to the principle of the wooden barrel, the capacity increase is limited.

[0005] Therefore, the inventors want to solve the problem of designing a device that can switch the bucket capacity steplessly to save vehicle purchase costs, improve efficiency, reduce friction resistance, and prevent materials from getting stuck, while ensuring smooth switching and no reduction in cutting force. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable capacity bucket and a design method thereof, which can realize stepless switching of bucket capacity to save vehicle purchase costs and improve efficiency, have low friction resistance and are not easy to get stuck in materials and cause stagnation, and have smooth switching action to ensure that the cutting force is not reduced.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a variable capacity bucket, which includes a fixed bucket, a movable bucket body, a left guide mechanism, a right guide mechanism, a hydraulic cylinder, a second pin shaft, a third pin shaft, a first locking pin, a first end cover, a first bushing, a bucket tooth, a first pin shaft, a second end cover, a second bushing, a hydraulic lock, a second locking pin, a locking nut, and a connecting rod; The fixed bucket includes a back plate, both sides of the back plate are connected with side wall plates, a first sleeve is arranged on the inner side of the side wall plate, a second reinforcing plate is connected between the fixed bucket and the side wall plate, a first reinforcing plate is connected between the first sleeve and the back plate and the side wall plate, two symmetrically distributed third hinge plates are connected to the edge of the outer wall of the back plate, two symmetrically distributed first hinge plates are arranged between the two third hinge plates, a second hinge plate is arranged between the adjacent third hinge plates and the first hinge plates, a first reinforcing plate is connected between the two first hinge plates, a second reinforcing plate is connected between the adjacent first hinge plates and the second hinge plates, a third reinforcing plate is connected between the adjacent second hinge plates and the third hinge plates, a first adhesive plate is arranged on the end surfaces of the second hinge plate and the third hinge plate on the opposite side, and a second adhesive plate is arranged on the end surfaces of the second hinge plate and the third hinge plate on the side away from each other, and a plurality of threaded holes are opened on the end surface of the third hinge plate; The movable bucket body comprises a main panel, the end of the main panel is connected to a main blade plate, the end of the main blade plate is connected to a bucket tooth seat, a bucket tooth is installed on the inner side of the bucket tooth seat, both sides of the main panel are connected to side panels, the end of the side panel and the main blade plate are connected to a side blade plate, a second shaft sleeve is provided on the inner side of the middle part of the side panel, a third shaft sleeve is provided on the inner side of the end of the side panel, a fourth reinforcing plate assembly is provided on the outer end surface of the side panel, a third reinforcing plate assembly is provided at the edge of the side panel, a fifth reinforcing plate assembly is provided at the joint of the side panel and the main panel, and a sixth reinforcing plate assembly is provided on the outer end surface of the main panel; A movable bucket body is rotatably arranged on the outer side of the fixed bucket seat via a first pin shaft, the first pin shaft passes through the first sleeve and the second sleeve from the inside to the outside in sequence and is connected to the first sleeve via bolts, a first bushing is arranged between the first pin shaft and the second sleeve, and the end of the second sleeve is connected to the first end cover and the second hinged plate via bolts. A hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the third hinge plates, and the second pin shaft sequentially passes through the third hinge plate, the end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the second hinge plate from the outside to the inside and is connected to the second plate on the third hinge plate by bolts, and the plate on the second hinge plate is connected to the second end cover by bolts, and a connecting rod is arranged between the lower parts of the two third hinge plates, and the output ends of the two hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged between the two ends of the connecting rod and the two third hinge plates, and the third pin shaft sequentially passes through the third sleeve arranged on the third hinge plate and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder from the outside to the inside and is plug-matched with the end of the connecting rod, and the third pin shaft is connected to the third sleeve by bolts, and the two third hinge plates are respectively connected with symmetrically arranged left guide mechanisms and right guide mechanisms by bolts, and the two side knife plates are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the left guide mechanism and the right guide mechanism and slideably cooperate with the left guide mechanism and the right guide mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the left guide mechanism includes a fixed plate, the top of the fixed plate is connected to a limiting plate through an arc plate, a plurality of countersunk holes are provided on the end face of the fixed plate, and locking pin holes with the same diameter are provided on the limiting plate and the fixed plate at relatively opposite positions. The left guide mechanism and the right guide mechanism have the same structural composition, and the arc plate and the limiting plate are arranged on the end face on the opposite side of the fixed plate, a bolt for connecting the third hinge plate is arranged on the inner side of the countersunk hole, and a first locking pin is arranged on the inner side of the locking pin hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the first locking pin passes through a circular hole formed on the side blade plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the back plate includes a first plane portion and a first arc portion connected to each other, and the first plane portion and the first arc portion are tangent to each other at a seam.

[0011] Furthermore, the main panel includes a second plane portion, a second arc portion, and a third arc portion that are to be connected, and the second arc portion is tangent to the second plane portion and the third arc portion at the joints.

[0012] Furthermore, a fourth arc surface is provided at one end of the side blade close to the fixed bucket seat, and the fourth arc surface is coaxial with the first arc portion and the second arc portion. A plurality of circular holes are arranged on the inner side of the fourth arc surface, and the circular holes are arranged on a circumference which is also coaxial with the first arc portion and the second arc portion, and the angles between each adjacent circular hole and the line connecting the center of the circumference are equal.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer contour of the fixing plate has a fifth arc surface with a radius of RC5, the outer contour of the limiting plate has a seventh arc surface with a radius of RC5, and the arc plate is composed of a sixth arc portion with an inner diameter of RC6.

[0014] Furthermore, an element with a pressure-maintaining function is also provided on the oil circuit of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, a second bushing is rotatably arranged between the output end of the hydraulic cylinder and the second pin shaft, and between the end end and the third pin shaft.

[0016] A method for designing a variable capacity bucket, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) According to the overall design parameter indicators, various technical parameters of a conventional fixed-capacity bucket are designed, including rated capacity V0, bucket width W0, bucket opening and closing angle α0, bucket bottom arc inner diameter R0, first calibration surface connection length L′1, second calibration surface connection length L′2, third calibration surface connection length L′3, back plate thickness t1′, etc. The bucket width W0 is the width of the internal loading space of the bucket; (2) The variable capacity bucket is provided with three capacity indices and one evaluation index, wherein the capacity indices are: the standard capacity when the shape is consistent with the same specification of the fixed capacity bucket, the maximum capacity after the bucket is deformed, and the minimum capacity after the bucket is deformed. The standard capacity is first determined, and then the maximum capacity and the minimum capacity can be further calculated according to the bucket shape parameters. The evaluation index is the capacity change rate, which is (maximum capacity-minimum capacity) / standard capacity×100%; (3) The rated capacity V0 of the conventional fixed capacity bucket is set as the initial value of the standard capacity V of the variable capacity bucket. The standard capacity V of the variable capacity bucket can be decomposed into the standard flat capacity V 平 and the heap tip capacity V 堆 When the bucket is fully loaded with materials in a horizontal position, in addition to the materials in the bucket, a material pile peak will be formed above the third calibration surface. 平 is the bucket capacity below the third calibration surface, and the heap tip capacity V 堆 is the capacity above the third calibration surface, and the third calibration surface is from the inner upper edge of the main blade to; (4) Decomposing bucket shape parameters, wherein the bucket shape parameters can be specifically decomposed into the following parameters: bucket width W, length L1 of the first calibration surface connection line, length L2 of the second calibration surface connection line, length L3 of the third calibration surface connection line, radius R of the calibration arc surface, distance L4 from the upper hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder (3) to the center of the calibration arc surface, distance L5 from the lower hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder (3) to the center of the calibration arc surface, bucket opening and closing angle α, change in bucket opening and closing angle △α, angle β between the center of adjacent capacity locking holes and the center of the calibration arc surface, angle γ between the center of the two hinge points of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and the center of the calibration arc surface, angle γ0 between the center of the two hinge points and the center of the calibration arc surface when the hydraulic cylinder (3) is at its minimum stroke, installation distance L6 of the hydraulic cylinder (3), inner diameter R of the first arc portion (1012) of the back plate (101) C1 , the back plate (101) has a thickness t1, and the inner diameter R of the second arc portion (2081) of the main panel (208) C2 , the outer diameter R of the fourth arc surface (2031) of the side blade (203) C3 The distribution circumferential radius R of the center of the capacity locking circular hole on the side blade plate (203) and the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) is C4 The inner diameter R of the fifth arc surface (4021) of the fixing plate (402) of the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) is C5 The inner diameter R of the sixth arc portion (4031) of the arc plate (403) of the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) is C6, wherein W is the width of the loading space inside the bucket, the calibration arc surface is the intermediate circular surface between the inner circular surface of the first arc portion and the inner circular surface of the second arc portion, L1 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the main blade (201) to the tangent plane of the calibration arc surface, and the plane formed by the tangent in the bucket width direction is the first calibration surface, L2 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the back plate (101) to the tangent plane of the calibration arc surface, and the plane formed by the tangent in the bucket width direction is the second calibration surface, L3 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the main blade (201) to the inner upper edge of the back plate (101), and the plane formed by the line in the bucket width direction is the third calibration surface, α is the angle between the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface, and V can be derived from the volume formula of the bucket. 平 Regarding the relationship between R, L1, L2, W and α, the relationship between the relationship between the arc parts and the relationship between the installation distance of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and L4, L5 and △α are used to further analyze the change law of the bucket capacity and perform parameter design; (5) The bucket width W0, bucket opening and closing angle α0, bucket bottom circular arc inner diameter R0, first calibration surface connecting line length L′1, second calibration surface connecting line length L′2, and third calibration surface connecting line length L′3 of the conventional fixed capacity bucket are respectively set as the initial values ​​of the bucket width W, calibration circular arc surface inner diameter R, first calibration surface connecting line length L1, second calibration surface connecting line length L2, and third calibration surface connecting line length L3 of the variable capacity bucket at the standard capacity. (6) According to the initial values ​​of bucket width W, calibration arc surface inner diameter R, first calibration surface connection length L1, second calibration surface connection length L2, and third calibration surface connection length L3, the V value of step 4 is calculated. 平 The formula calculates the maximum flat-pack capacity and the minimum flat-pack capacity of the variable-capacity bucket under the parameters as the opening and closing angle α changes, and plots the function graph. (7) Observe whether the capacity change rate meets the design requirements, compare the α values ​​of the maximum flat-pack capacity, the minimum flat-pack capacity and the standard flat-pack capacity, and observe whether the angle change range is within a reasonable range. (8) If the capacity change amplitude or angle change range is unreasonable, adjust the capacity change range by adjusting the values ​​of L1, L2, R and W until the optimal capacity change rate and angle change range are obtained, and determine the values ​​of L1, L2, R, W and α; (9) After the values ​​of the design parameters such as L1, L2, R and W are determined through the above steps, the bucket shape of the variable capacity bucket is determined accordingly. The thicknesses t1 and t2 of the back plate (101) and the main panel (208) are set with reference to the fixed capacity bucket. At this time, the inner diameter R of the first arc portion (1012) can be obtained according to the relevant formula in step 4. c1 The inner diameter R of the second arc portion (2081) is c2 , according to L1, L2, Rc1 , R c2 and α0 can further determine the position and size of the inner upper edge of the main blade (201) and the inner upper edge of the first plane portion (1011) of the back plate (101), and then determine the position and size of the outer edge of the first arc portion (1012) of the back plate (101) and the second arc portion (2081) of the main panel (208) according to the two extreme values ​​of α, thereby determining the cross-sectional shape and size of the variable capacity bucket; (10) After the bucket cross-sectional shape and size are determined, R can be reasonably arranged according to the bucket cross-sectional shape. C4 , R C3 , R C6 , R C5 and β, wherein the value of β is determined by, after the positions of the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) are determined, determining the positions of the first and last circular holes on the side blade (203) according to the two extreme values ​​of α, and then dividing the angle between the two holes into n parts, namely β, selecting suitable positions on the back of the fixed bucket seat (1) and the side panel (210) of the movable bucket body (2) that do not interfere with other components to set the hinge points of the hydraulic cylinder (3), presetting the values ​​of L4, L5 and γ0, and then calculating the extreme value of L6 according to the two extreme values ​​of α and the relevant formula of step 4, obtaining the maximum installation distance, minimum installation distance and stroke of the cylinder, and then designing the size and shape of the hydraulic cylinder (3), and then assembling the designed hydraulic cylinder (3) on the bucket for motion simulation, and continuously adjusting the values ​​of L4, L5 and γ0 according to the simulation results until the best effect is obtained; (11) Through the above steps, all key technical parameters of the variable capacity bucket can be obtained: standard flat-installed capacity, maximum flat-installed capacity, minimum flat-installed capacity, maximum opening angle, minimum opening angle, bucket width, stroke of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and maximum and minimum installation distances, length of the first calibration surface connection line, length of the second calibration surface connection line, shape and size of the back plate (101), main panel (208) and main blade (201). Based on the above parameters, the complete design of the variable capacity bucket can be carried out.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention realizes stepless switching of bucket capacity by rotating the movable bucket body so as to make it rotate relative to the fixed bucket seat. Users can adjust the bucket capacity according to working conditions in real time without purchasing and replacing additional buckets, thus saving vehicle purchase costs and improving work efficiency.

[0018] 2. Compared with the variable capacity using a hydraulic cylinder to drive a sliding pair, the present invention realizes variable capacity by driving a rotating pair through a hydraulic cylinder. The contact area of ​​the rotating pair is smaller, the friction resistance is smaller, and the mechanism is not easily stuck due to the small working surface. The bucket capacity switching is smoother and the reliability is higher.

[0019] 3. The bucket width of the present invention remains unchanged when the volume is changed, and the contact area between the main blade and the material is constant, which does not affect the cutting force when digging materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a partial explosion schematic diagram of the front side of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a partial explosion schematic diagram of the back side of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a front schematic diagram of a fixed bucket seat of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the back side of the fixed bucket seat of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a front schematic diagram of the movable bucket body of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the back side of the movable bucket body of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the left guide mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the change of bucket capacity of the present invention.

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional parameters of the bucket of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the change curve of the flat pack capacity value of the present invention.

[0030] Figure numerals: 1, fixed bucket seat; 101, back plate; 1011, first plane portion; 1012, first arc portion; 102, first reinforcing plate; 103, first sleeve; 104, side wall plate; 105, second reinforcing plate; 106, third hinge plate; 107, second hinge plate; 108, first hinge plate; 109, first plate; 110, third reinforcing bent plate; 111, second reinforcing bent plate; 112, first reinforcing bent plate; 113, second plate; 2, movable bucket body; 201, main blade plate; 202, bucket tooth seat; 203, side blade plate; 2031, fourth arc surface; 204, fourth reinforcing plate assembly; 205, fifth reinforcing plate assembly; 206, second sleeve; 207, third reinforcing plate assembly; 2 08, main panel; 2081, second arc portion; 2082, third arc portion; 2083, second plane portion; 209, third bushing; 210, side panel; 211, sixth reinforcement plate assembly; 3, hydraulic cylinder; 4, left guide mechanism; 401, limit plate; 4011, seventh arc surface; 402, fixing plate; 4021, fifth arc surface; 403, arc plate; 4031, sixth arc portion; 5, second pin shaft; 6, third pin shaft; 7, first locking pin; 8, first end cover; 9, first bushing; 10, bucket tooth; 11, first pin shaft; 12, right guide mechanism; 13, second end cover; 14, second bushing; 15, hydraulic lock; 16, second locking pin; 17, locking nut; 18, connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application.

[0032] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, outside...) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly. The circular holes in the present invention are all through holes unless otherwise specified.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically defined, the terms "connection", "fixed connection", "installation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a non-detachable connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements; "fixed connection" refers to a rigid connection without relative movement, including but not limited to welding, key connection, pin connection, riveting, mortise and tenon connection, and threaded connection; "installation" refers to a detachable connection, which can be a key connection, pin connection, riveting, mortise and tenon connection, and threaded connection, etc. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In addition, descriptions such as “first” and “second” in the present invention are only used to distinguish the names and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their order, relative importance or quantity.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 2 It is a schematic diagram of partial explosion from the front and from the back of the present invention. The variable capacity bucket includes: a fixed bucket seat 1, a movable bucket body 2, and a hydraulic cylinder 3. The fixed bucket seat 1 is connected to the end of the working arm of the excavator or loader through two pairs of hinged holes arranged on the inner side of the back. The bottom of the fixed bucket seat 1 and the movable bucket body 2 are two coaxial arc parts that can be nested with each other. The movable bucket body 2 is nested outside the fixed bucket seat 1 and can rotate around the common axis of the bottom arc part. The two hinged holes at the center of the bottom arc of the movable bucket body 2 are directly hinged to the fixed bucket seat 1, and at the same time, the two hinged holes at the rear are connected to the two pairs of hinged holes on the outer side of the back of the fixed bucket seat 1 through the hydraulic cylinder 3. Figure 1 As shown, when the hydraulic cylinder 3 is extended, the movable bucket body 2 rotates inward relative to the fixed bucket seat 1 and retracts, the cross-sectional area inside the bucket becomes smaller, and the capacity becomes smaller; when the hydraulic cylinder 3 is retracted, the movable bucket body 2 rotates outward and opens, the cross-sectional area inside the bucket becomes larger, and the capacity becomes larger.

[0036] A connecting rod 18 is also provided between the two third pin shafts 6. The connecting rod 18 is a hollow circular tube with a radial circular hole at each end. After the third pin shaft 6 is inserted into the inner cavity of the connecting rod 18, the radial circular holes at both ends of the connecting rod 18 overlap with the radial circular holes at the tail end of the third pin shaft 6. At this time, the second locking pin 16 can be used to pass through the circular hole to connect the two. The connecting rod 18 is used to limit the axial movement of the third pin shaft 6 on the one hand, and to enhance the lateral stiffness of the movable bucket body 2 on the other hand to prevent the side panel 210 from deforming and deviating.

[0037] See also Figures 3 to 4The front and back views of the fixed bucket seat of the present invention are as follows. The fixed bucket seat 1 comprises a back plate 101 consisting of a first plane portion 1011 and a first arc portion 1012, side wall plates 104 fixedly connected to both sides of the first arc portion 1012 at the bottom of the back plate 101, a first shaft sleeve 103 embedded in a hinge hole of the side wall plate 104, a first hinge plate 108 fixedly connected to both sides of the inside of the back plate 101, a second hinge plate 107 fixedly connected to both sides of the middle of the back plate 101, and a third hinge plate fixedly connected to both sides of the outside of the back plate 101. Plate 106, a first reinforcing bent plate 112 fixed between the two first hinge plates 108, a second reinforcing bent plate 111 fixed between the first hinge plate 108 and the second hinge plate 107, a third reinforcing bent plate 110 fixed between the second hinge plate 107 and the third hinge plate 106, a first sticking plate 109 fixed on the outside of the hinge hole of the second hinge plate 107 and the inside of the hinge hole of the third hinge plate 106, and a second sticking plate 113 fixed on the inside of the hinge hole of the second hinge plate 107 and the outside of the hinge hole of the third hinge plate 106.

[0038] The first reinforcing curved plate 112 , the second reinforcing curved plate 111 , and the third reinforcing curved plate 110 are used to improve the strength and rigidity of the fixed bucket seat 1 .

[0039] The first plane portion 1011 of the back plate 101 is tangent to the inner and outer surfaces of the first arc portion 1012. The inner angle formed by the side wall plate 104 and the back plate 101 is preferably in the range of 90°. ~100°, when the angle is close to 90°, the excavation resistance is minimum and the structural stability is best. When the angle increases, the excavation resistance will increase, but it is more difficult for the material to adhere to the bucket wall and produce material accumulation. The value can be appropriately selected. In this embodiment, the angle is set to 90°, and the side wall plate 104 is in contact with the first planar portion 1011 and the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101 at the same time. The shape of the contact surface is consistent with the inner surface of the back plate 101, and the arc diameter of the bottom of the side wall plate 104 is the same as the inner diameter of the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101, and the two are coaxial after being fixed.

[0040] The side wall plate 104 is provided with a coaxial circular hole at the center axis of the bottom circular arc, and the first sleeve 103 is embedded and fixed inside the circular hole, serving as a hinged support directly connecting the movable bucket body 2 and the fixed bucket seat 1. The outer end surface of the first sleeve 103 should be higher than the outer surface of the side wall plate 104, and the height difference can be in the range of 0 to 5 mm, and the inner end surface should be higher than the inner surface of the side wall plate 104, and the height difference can be in the range of 0.5 to 3 times the thickness of the side wall plate 104. On the one hand, the strength of the hinge point is increased, and on the other hand, the rotation of the movable bucket body 2 relative to the fixed bucket seat 1 can be limited from a large range of surface contact to the end surface contact of the first sleeve 103 and the second sleeve 206, reducing the rotation resistance and making the wear area of ​​the mechanism movement smaller and controllable.

[0041] A plurality of threaded holes are provided on the inner end surface of the first sleeve 103, which are used to connect with the disc of the first pin shaft 11 through bolts, so that the first pin shaft 11 is tightly fixed to the first sleeve 103. The fixing of the first pin shaft 11 and the first sleeve 103 can, on the one hand, seal the mating surface of the pin shaft and the bushing to prevent the intrusion of materials in the hopper, and on the other hand, ensure that there is no relative movement between the first pin shaft 11 and the first sleeve 103, further reducing the possibility of the mating surface of the pin shaft and the sleeve being invaded by the materials in the hopper, and preventing abnormal wear inside the hinge hole of the fixed bucket seat 1.

[0042] The circumference of the hinge hole of the second hinge plate, the third hinge plate and the first hinge plate 108 do not overlap, and are staggered to avoid interference of the second hinge plate and the third hinge plate when disassembling the pin connected to the end of the working arm in the hinge hole of the first hinge plate 108.

[0043] The hinge hole of the third hinge plate 106 is coaxial with the hinge hole of the second hinge plate 107 and has the same diameter. The two together with the first plate 109 and the second plate 113 constitute a hinge support connected to the hydraulic cylinder 3. A plurality of threaded holes are provided on the outer end surface of the second plate 113 for connecting with the disc of the second pin shaft 5 by bolts, so that the second pin shaft 5 is tightly fixed to the second plate 113.

[0044] A plurality of right-angled first reinforcing plates 102 are fixedly connected between the corner formed by the side wall plate 104 and the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101, and a plurality of strip-shaped second reinforcing plates 105 are fixedly connected between the corner formed by the side wall plate 104 and the first plane portion 1011 of the back plate 101. One end of the first reinforcing plate 102 is connected to the first shaft sleeve 103. The first reinforcing plates 102 are radially arranged at the corner position of the side wall plate 104 and the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101 with the center of the circle of the first shaft sleeve 103 as the center. There are a plurality of first reinforcing plates 105, which can strengthen the structural rigidity of the hinge point between the fixed bucket seat 1 and the movable bucket body 2 and prevent the side wall plate 104 from bending and deformation.

[0045] See also Figures 5 to 6 It is a schematic diagram of the front and back of the movable bucket body of the present invention. The movable bucket body 2 includes a main panel 208 composed of a tangent second plane portion 2083, a second arc portion 2081, and a third arc portion 2082, a main blade plate 201 fixedly connected to the top of the main panel 208, a bucket tooth seat 202 fixedly connected to the top of the main blade plate 201, side panels 210 fixedly connected to both sides of the main panel 208 and perpendicular thereto, a side blade plate 203 fixedly connected to the top of the side panel 210, a second shaft sleeve 206 nested and fixedly connected to the middle circular hole of the side panel 210, and a third shaft sleeve 209 nested and fixedly connected to the rear circular hole of the side panel 210; a bucket tooth 10 is also installed on the bucket tooth seat 202.

[0046] The structure of the fixed bucket seat 1 and the movable bucket body 2 are symmetrically distributed relative to the middle plane thereof. The two first hinged plates 108 together constitute an articulated support connected to the end of the working arm of the excavator or loader. The area enclosed by the main panel 208, the main blade plate 201, the side panel 210, the side blade plate 203 of the movable bucket body 2 and the back plate 101 of the fixed bucket seat 1 is the loading space of the variable capacity bucket.

[0047] The second arc portion 2081 of the main panel 208 and the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101 of the fixed bucket seat 1 are coaxially embedded after being assembled into a bucket, with the first arc portion 1012 inside and the second arc portion 2081 outside, and the radius of the two has the following relationship: Assume that the outer diameter of the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101 is R C1 , the plate thickness is t1, and the inner diameter of the second arc portion 2081 of the main panel 208 is R C2 , satisfying R C2 =R C1 +t1+(0~5mm).

[0048] The angle formed by the main panel 208 and the side panel 210 is the same as the angle formed by the back panel 101 and the side wall panel 104. The main knife plate 201 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the second planar portion 2083 of the main panel 208. The shape of the connection between the side panel 210 and the main panel 208 is consistent. The bottom arc surface is coaxial with the third arc portion 2082 of the main panel 208. A circular hole is arranged on the axis, and another circular hole is arranged at the lower rear of the side panel 210.

[0049] The arc center hole at the bottom of the panel 210 is nested and fixed with the second sleeve 206, and the inner end face of the second sleeve 206 is 0 to 5 mm higher than the inner surface of the side panel 210. This end face forms a surface-to-surface sliding contact with the outer end face of the first sleeve 103. The inner end face of the second sleeve 206 is higher than the outer surface of the side panel 210. The height difference can range from 0.5 to 3 times the thickness of the side panel 210. The second sleeve 206 is used to increase the structural strength and rigidity of the middle hinge point of the side panel 210.

[0050] The third bushing 209 is nested and fixed in the circular hole at the lower rear of the side panel 210. The outer end face of the third bushing 209 is higher than the outer surface of the side panel 210. The height difference can range from 0.5 to 3 times the thickness of the side panel 210. After the bucket is assembled, the inner end face of the third bushing 209 should be flush with the outer end face of the first plate 109 on the inner side of the hinge hole of the third hinge plate 106. The third bushing 209 is used to increase the structural strength and rigidity of the hinge point at the rear of the side panel 210.

[0051] A plurality of threaded holes are provided on the outer end surface of the third shaft sleeve 209 for connecting with the disc of the third pin shaft 6 through bolts, so that the third pin shaft 6 is tightly fixed to the third shaft sleeve 209 .

[0052] A first pin shaft 11 is provided in the hinge holes on both sides of the bottom of the fixed bucket seat 1 and the movable bucket body 2, a second pin shaft 5 is provided in the hinge holes connecting the second hinge plate 107, the third hinge plate 106 and one end of the hydraulic cylinder 3, and a third pin shaft 6 is provided in the hinge holes on both sides of the rear part of the side panel 210 and connected to the other end of the hydraulic cylinder 3.

[0053] A removable first bushing 9 is fixedly connected in the second sleeve 206, and a removable second bushing 14 is fixedly connected in the reamed holes at both ends of the hydraulic cylinder 3. The first pin shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the first sleeve 103, and contacts with the circular surface of the first bushing 9 in the second sleeve 206 to form a rotating pair. The second pin shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the second plate 113, and contacts with the circular surface of the second bushing 14 in the reamed hole at one end of the hydraulic cylinder 3 to form a rotating pair. The third pin shaft 6 is fixedly connected to the third sleeve 209, and contacts with the circular surface of the second bushing 14 in the reamed hole at the other end of the hydraulic cylinder 3 to form a rotating pair.

[0054] The first pin shaft 11 is composed of a shaft body and a disc fixed to the head of the shaft body. The rear end face of the shaft body is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, and the disc is provided with a plurality of countersunk holes. When the disc of the first pin shaft 11 and the first sleeve 103 are connected by bolts, the bolt head in the countersunk hole can prevent being impacted and worn by the material in the bucket. The threaded hole at the rear of the first pin shaft 11 is used to connect the first end cover 8 that limits the axial movement of the pin shaft.

[0055] The second pin shaft 5 has a similar structure to the first pin shaft 11. The second pin shaft 5 is also fixed to the second plate 113 by bolts through the countersunk hole on the disc, and only contacts the circular surface of the second bushing 14 of the hinge hole of the hydraulic cylinder 3 to form a revolving pair; the threaded hole at the tail of the second pin shaft 5 is used to connect the second end cover 13 that limits the axial movement of the pin shaft.

[0056] After the second pin 5 is fixed to the second plate 113 by bolts, the distance between the outer end surfaces of the second pin 5 on both sides should be smaller than the width of the back plate 101 of the fixed bucket seat 1 to prevent the second pin 5 from interfering with the side blade 203 when the movable bucket body 2 rotates.

[0057] The third pin shaft 6 consists of a shaft body and a disc fixed to the head of the shaft body. The disc is provided with a plurality of circular holes for being fixed to the third sleeve 209 by bolts. It only contacts with the circular surface of the second bushing 14 of the hinge hole of the hydraulic cylinder 3 to form a rotating pair. A radial circular hole is provided at the tail of the pin shaft. A second locking pin 16 is provided in the circular hole for limiting the axial movement of the pin shaft. A locking nut 17 is also provided on the second locking pin 16.

[0058] The outer edge of the side panel 210 is fixedly connected to a third reinforcing plate assembly 207 whose contour matches that of the side panel 210, the outer surface of the side panel 210 is fixedly connected to a fourth reinforcing plate assembly 204 which radially extends from the middle circular hole to the side knife plate 203 and the third reinforcing plate assembly 207, the fifth reinforcing plate assembly 205 is fixedly connected to the corner joint between the side panel 210 and the main panel 208, and the outer surface of the second planar portion 2083 of the main panel 208 is fixedly connected to a sixth reinforcing plate assembly 211.

[0059] The fourth reinforcement plate assembly 204 is composed of a plurality of radially distributed reinforcement plates extending from the first sleeve 103 to the side blade 203 and the third reinforcement plate assembly 207. On the one hand, it is used to strengthen the rigidity of the side panel 210. On the other hand, when loading materials, the load on the first sleeve 103 is dispersed and transmitted to the entire side panel 210. When excavating materials, the load transmitted from the main blade 201 and the side blade 203 is gathered at the first sleeve 103 and transmitted to the fixed bucket seat 1 through the first pin shaft 11.

[0060] The fifth reinforcing plate assembly 205 is an angular reinforcing plate whose basic shape is formed by two right-angled planar portions connected together and has a certain width. One end is fixedly connected to the outside of the second planar portion 2083 and the third arc portion 2082 of the main panel 208, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outside of the third reinforcing plate assembly 207 on the side panel 210. It is used to increase the rigidity of the corner joints between the side panel 210 and the main panel 208 to prevent deformation of the box.

[0061] The sixth reinforcement plate assembly 211 is composed of a plurality of long reinforcement plates arranged on the outside of the second planar portion 2083 and the third arc portion 2082 of the main panel 208. On the one hand, it is used to protect and reduce the wear of the main panel 208, and on the other hand, it is used to strengthen the strength and rigidity of the main panel 208. The sixth reinforcement plate assembly 211 can be arranged horizontally or vertically. When arranged horizontally, the wear resistance is better and the excavation resistance is greater. When arranged vertically, the wear resistance is slightly worse and the excavation resistance is smaller.

[0062] See also Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the left guide mechanism of the present invention. A symmetrical left guide mechanism 4 and a right guide mechanism 12 are also provided between the fixed bucket seat 1 and the movable bucket body 2. The left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12 are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes and a guide groove, which are mounted on the outer side of the third hinge plate 106 by bolts. When the movable bucket body 2 rotates, the side knife plate 203 slides in the guide grooves of the left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12. This embodiment takes the left guide mechanism 4 as an example for detailed description.

[0063] Correspondingly, the end of the side blade 203 close to the fixed bucket seat 1 has a radius R C3 The fourth arc surface 2031, after the bucket is assembled, R C3 The arc surface should be consistent with R C1 and RC2 The arc surfaces are coaxial.

[0064] The radius of the side blade 203 is R C3 A plurality of circular holes are arranged on the inner side of the fourth arc surface 2031, and the circular holes are arranged at the same angle as R C3 The radius of the arc surface coaxial is R C4 On the circumference, the angles between adjacent circular holes and the line connecting the center of the circumference are equal.

[0065] The positions of the two end circular holes on the side blade 203 are determined and corresponded by the maximum installation distance and the minimum installation distance of the hydraulic cylinder 3, and can cooperate with the left guide mechanism 4, the right guide mechanism 12 and the first locking pin 7 at the corresponding position to realize mechanical locking of the minimum and maximum capacities of the bucket.

[0066] In some embodiments, the circular holes of the side blade 203 may be scaled to indicate the bucket capacity corresponding to each circular hole.

[0067] The left guide mechanism 4 includes a fixed plate 402 close to the inner side of the bucket, a limit plate 401 close to the outer side of the bucket, and an arc plate 403 fixed between the fixed plate 402 and the limit plate 401. The outer contour of the fixed plate 402 has a radius R C5 The fifth arc surface 4021 has a radius of R when the left guide mechanism 4 is connected to the fixed bucket seat 1. C5 The fifth arc surface 4021 should have a radius R of the back plate 101 C1 The first arc portion 1012 is coaxial, and a plurality of circular holes are provided on the inner side of the arc portion of the fixing plate 402 , and the radius of the circular holes is the same as that of the circular holes on the side knife plate 203 .

[0068] The circular holes on the fixing plate 402 are arranged at the same position as the circular holes on the side blade plate 203. C3 The radius of the arc surface coaxial is R C4 On the circumference, the angles between each adjacent circular hole and the line connecting the center of the circumference are equal, that is, when the movable bucket body 2 rotates at an appropriate angle, the circular holes on the fixed plate 402 of the left guide mechanism 4 overlap with the corresponding circular holes on the side knife plate 203.

[0069] The inner side of the circular hole on the fixing plate 402 is provided with a plurality of countersunk holes, and the positions of the countersunk holes correspond to the threaded holes on the third hinge plate 106 one by one, that is, the fixing plate 402 and the third hinge plate 106 can be connected by bolts through the countersunk holes, and after the two are connected, the radius R on the fixing plate 402 C5 The fifth arc surface 4021 and the back plate 101 have a radius R C1 the depth of the countersunk hole should ensure that the head of the countersunk bolt is not exposed to prevent the bolt from interfering with the side knife plate 203 sliding in the left guide mechanism 4.

[0070] The arc plate 403 is composed of a sixth arc portion 4031, and the inner diameter is R C6 The sixth arc portion 4031 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 402 and the limiting plate 401 on both sides of the axial direction. The sixth arc portion 4031 of the arc plate 403 and the fifth arc surface 4021 of the fixing plate 402 are coaxial after being fixed. The outer contour of the limiting plate 401 has a radius R C5 The seventh arc surface 4011 has coaxial circular holes of the same number and size as those on the fixed plate 402 on its inner side, the limiting plate 401 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the arc plate 403, and the seventh arc surface 4011 overlaps with the fifth arc surface 4021, the circular holes on the limiting plate 401 overlap with the circular holes on the fixed plate 402, and the groove-shaped space enclosed by the fixed plate 402, the arc plate 403 and the limiting plate 401 after being fixed is a guide groove for the sliding of the side knife plate 203, and the width of the guide groove, that is, the gap between the fixed plate 402 and the limiting plate 401, should be greater than the thickness of the side knife plate 203 by 5 to 10 mm.

[0071] The radius of the circular holes on the side blade 203 is R C4 The circumference and radius of the circle are R C3 The radius of the fourth arc surface 2031, the left guide mechanism 4, and the right guide mechanism 12 on the fixed plate 402 is R C5 The radius of the fifth arc surface 4021 and the arc plate 403 of the left guide mechanism 4 is R C6 The following relationship exists between the sixth arc portion 4031: C4 <R C3 <R C6 ≤R C5 .

[0072] The left guide mechanism 4 is fixed to the side of the fixed bucket seat 1 by bolts. When the movable bucket body 2 rotates around the fixed bucket seat 1, the fourth arc surface 2031 of the side blade 203 of the movable bucket body 2 should move in the guide groove of the left guide mechanism 4. On the one hand, the left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12 can realize the mechanical locking of the bucket capacity by inserting the first locking pin 7 into the circular hole. On the other hand, the side blade 203 of the movable bucket body 2 can be constrained in the guide area to prevent the side blade 203 of the movable bucket body 2 together with the side panel 210 from being turned outward and deformed under the pressure of the material in the bucket.

[0073] The hydraulic cylinder 3 is also provided with a pressure-maintaining element such as a hydraulic lock 15, which can ensure that the hydraulic cylinder 3 is locked and pressure-maintained at any stroke position to maintain the bucket capacity unchanged, and combine the mechanical locking of the left guide mechanism 4, the right guide mechanism 12 and the first locking pin 7 to achieve a better capacity locking effect.

[0074] In some embodiments, a wear-resistant plate may be provided in the area where the side blade 203 slides in the left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12 to prevent the side blade 203 from wearing out too quickly.

[0075] The hydraulic cylinder 3 is also provided with a pressure-maintaining element such as a hydraulic lock 15, which can ensure that the hydraulic cylinder 3 is locked and pressure-maintained at any stroke position to maintain the bucket capacity unchanged, and combine the mechanical locking of the left guide mechanism 4, the right guide mechanism 12 and the first locking pin 7 to achieve a better capacity locking effect.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first locking pin 7 can also be an automatic plug-in pin driven by an automated component such as a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, or a pneumatic cylinder. Although they are different in form and structure, they all achieve the same effect, and the rest is the same as Example 3.

[0077] See also Figures 8 to 10 The present invention is a schematic diagram of bucket capacity change, a schematic diagram of bucket cross-sectional parameters, and a schematic diagram of flat-mounted capacity value change curve. A design method for the above-mentioned variable capacity bucket includes the following steps: Step 1: According to the overall design parameter indicators, design the technical parameters of a conventional fixed-capacity bucket, including rated capacity V0, bucket width W0, bucket opening and closing angle α0, bucket bottom arc inner diameter R0, first calibration surface connection length L′1, second calibration surface connection length L′2, third calibration surface connection length L′3, back plate thickness t1′, etc. The bucket width W0 is the width of the internal loading space of the bucket; Step 2: The variable capacity bucket is provided with three capacity indicators and one evaluation indicator. The capacity indicators are: the standard capacity when the shape is consistent with the fixed capacity bucket of the same specification, the maximum capacity after the bucket is deformed, and the minimum capacity after the bucket is deformed; first determine the standard capacity, and then further calculate the maximum capacity and minimum capacity according to the bucket shape parameters. The evaluation indicator is the capacity change rate, which is (maximum capacity - minimum capacity) / standard capacity × 100%, and the capacity change effect can be evaluated; The capacity change rate should be ≥15%. The larger the capacity change rate, the better the capacity change effect. If the capacity change rate is too small, the meaning of capacity change is lost. Step 3: Set the rated capacity V0 of the conventional fixed capacity bucket as the initial value of the standard capacity V of the variable capacity bucket. The standard capacity V of the variable capacity bucket can be decomposed into the standard flat capacity V 平 and the heap tip capacity V 堆 When the bucket is fully loaded with materials in a horizontal position, in addition to the materials in the bucket, a material pile peak will be formed above the third calibration surface. 平 is the bucket capacity below the third calibration surface, and the pile tip capacity V 堆 is the capacity above the third calibration surface; Step 4: Decompose the bucket shape parameters. The bucket shape parameters can be specifically decomposed into the following parameters: bucket width W, length of the first calibration surface connection line L1, length of the second calibration surface connection line L2, length of the third calibration surface connection line L3, radius of the calibration arc surface R, distance from the upper hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder 3 to the center of the calibration arc surface L4, distance from the lower hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder 3 to the center of the calibration arc surface L5, bucket opening and closing angle α, change in bucket opening and closing angle △α, angle β between the center of the adjacent capacity locking hole to the center of the calibration arc surface, angle γ between the center of the two hinge points of the hydraulic cylinder 3 and the center of the calibration arc surface, angle γ0 between the center of the two hinge points and the center of the calibration arc surface when the hydraulic cylinder 3 has the minimum stroke, installation distance L6 of the hydraulic cylinder 3, inner diameter R of the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101 C1 , the thickness of the back plate 101 is t1, the inner diameter R of the second arc portion 2081 of the main panel 208 C2 , the outer diameter R of the fourth arc surface 2031 of the side blade 203 C3 The distribution radius R of the center of the capacity locking circular hole on the side blade 203 and the left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12 C4 The inner diameter R of the fifth arc surface 4021 of the fixing plate 402 of the left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12 C5 , the inner diameter R of the sixth arc portion 4031 of the arc plate 403 of the left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12 C6 ; Wherein, W is the width of the loading space inside the bucket, the calibration arc surface is the middle circular surface between the inner circular surface of the first arc part and the inner circular surface of the second arc part, L1 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the main blade 201 to the tangent plane of the calibration arc surface, and the plane formed by the tangent in the bucket width direction is the first calibration surface, L2 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the back plate 101 to the tangent plane of the calibration arc surface, and the plane formed by the tangent in the bucket width direction is the second calibration surface, L3 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the main blade 201 to the inner upper edge of the back plate 101, and the plane formed by the line in the bucket width direction is the third calibration surface, and α is the angle between the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface; In this embodiment, the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: V=V 平 +V 堆 , When L3 ≥ W, When L3<W, V 平 =S 平 W, R C2 =R C1+t1+(0~5mm), R=(R C1 +R C2 ) / 2, R C4 <R C3 <R C6 ≤R C5 , γ=γ0+Δα, Since V 堆 It accounts for a very small proportion of the total capacity, and V 堆 The calculation of α requires the introduction of another dependent variable L3, while V 平 The functional relationship between V and α is relatively simple and the calculation is relatively convenient. Therefore, this method prefers the flat pack capacity V 平 Analyze the variation of bucket capacity as characteristic value and design parameters; Step 5: Set the bucket width W0, bucket opening and closing angle α0, bucket bottom arc inner diameter R0, first calibration surface connection length L′1, second calibration surface connection length L′2, and third calibration surface connection length L′3 of the conventional fixed capacity bucket as the initial values ​​of the bucket width W, calibration arc surface inner diameter R, first calibration surface connection length L1, second calibration surface connection length L2, and third calibration surface connection length L3 of the variable capacity bucket at standard capacity. In this embodiment, for the convenience of calculation and example, R=1, L1=3, L2=2, W=1 are set. Assume that α0=20° for the fixed capacity bucket. At this time, V 平 =7.1, and L3=3>W=1, so V 堆 =0.67, V0=7.77, the fixed capacity bucket parameters are determined, and the variable capacity bucket parameters are designed based on this. Suppose V 平 =7.1 is the standard flat-pack capacity of the variable capacity bucket; Step 6: According to the initial values ​​of bucket width W, calibration arc surface inner diameter R, first calibration surface connection length L1, second calibration surface connection length L2, and third calibration surface connection length L3, the V value of step 4 is calculated. 平 The formula calculates the maximum and minimum flat-pack capacity of the variable capacity bucket with the opening and closing angle α under this parameter, and draws the function graph. In this embodiment, after substituting the setting value in the previous step, V 平 for: Step 7: Fig.10 As shown, according to V 平 Regarding the function graph of α, the maximum and minimum flat pack capacity values ​​and the corresponding α values ​​are obtained. In this embodiment, curve 1 is drawn, and the values ​​obtained are as follows: When α=0, V 平The minimum value is 6.57. When α=36.89°, V 平 The maximum value is 7.25. Step 8: Observe whether the rate of change of flat pack capacity meets the design requirements; compare the α values ​​of the maximum flat pack capacity, the minimum flat pack capacity and the standard flat pack capacity, and observe whether the angle change range is within a reasonable range. The angle change range of 0 to 60° is the best. If the angle is less than 0°, the bucket mouth is larger than the bucket belly and the bucket cannot be filled. If the angle is greater than 60°, the bucket mouth is too large and the bucket body is too shallow to easily overflow. 平 It is a trigonometric function relationship with α. The maximum bucket capacity should be the maximum value of the function in the range of 0 to 60°. When α = 0, V 平 Take the minimum value; In this embodiment, the capacity change rate is 9.6%, and the range of α is (0, 36.89°), and it is judged that the capacity change rate is too low; Step 9: If the capacity change amplitude or angle change range is unreasonable, the capacity change range can be adjusted by adjusting the values ​​of L1, L2 and R. The relationship between L1, L2 and R is as follows: K1=L1 / R. The larger the K1 value is, the higher the V 平 The greater the change in At the same time, K2=L2 / R. The larger the K2 value is, the higher the V 平 The greater the change in the amount, the deeper the bucket is, the greater the V per unit α. 平 The larger the change, the better the bucket shape and capacity change effect can be obtained by reasonably adjusting the values ​​of L1, L2, R and W; in this embodiment, the capacity change rate is too small. According to the above rules, the bucket needs to be deepened. The adjusted bucket shape parameters are: R = 0.8, L1 = 3.5, L2 = 2.5, W = 1, at this time: Plot curve 2, and the values ​​obtained are as follows: When α=0, V 平 The minimum value is 5.81. When α=55.5°, V 平 The maximum value is 7.8. Capacity change rate: 28%, in line with the requirements, bucket opening and closing angle α change range (0, 55.5°), in line with the requirements, by comparing curve 1 and curve 2, it can be seen that curve 2 has better bucket shape and capacity change indicators; this method can be used to screen out better parameters, and this embodiment selects curve 2 as the final parameter; Step 10: After determining the values ​​of design parameters such as L1, L2, R and W through the above steps, the bucket shape of the variable capacity bucket is determined accordingly. The thickness t1 and t2 of the back plate 101 and the main panel 208 are set with reference to the fixed capacity bucket. At this time, the inner diameter R of the first arc portion 1012 can be obtained according to the relevant formula in step 4. c1 , the inner diameter R of the second arc portion 2081 c2 ; According to L1, L2, R c1 , R c2 and α0 can further determine the position and size of the inner upper edge of the main blade 201 and the inner upper edge of the first plane portion 1011 of the back plate 101, and then determine the position and size of the outer edge of the first arc portion 1012 of the back plate 101 and the second arc portion 2081 of the main panel 208 according to the two extreme values ​​of α, and then determine the cross-sectional shape and size of the variable capacity bucket; Step 11: After the bucket cross-sectional shape and size are determined, you can continue to arrange R according to the bucket cross-sectional shape. C4 , R C3 , R C6 , R C5 The method of selecting the values ​​of β and β is to determine the positions of the first and last circular holes on the side blade 203 according to the two extreme values ​​of α after the positions of the left guide mechanism 4 and the right guide mechanism 12 are determined, and then the angle between the two holes is divided into n parts, that is, β=Δα / n, Select appropriate positions on the back of the fixed bucket seat 1 and the side panel 210 of the movable bucket body 2 that do not interfere with other parts to set the hinge points of the hydraulic cylinder 3, preset the values ​​of L4, L5 and γ0, and then calculate the extreme value of L6 according to the two extreme values ​​of α and the relevant formula of step 4, obtain the maximum installation distance, minimum installation distance and stroke of the cylinder, and then design the size and shape of the hydraulic cylinder 3, and then assemble the designed hydraulic cylinder 3 on the bucket for motion simulation, and continuously adjust the values ​​of L4, L5 and γ0 according to the simulation results until the best effect is obtained; Step 12: Through the above steps, all key overall technical parameters of the variable capacity bucket can be obtained: standard flat-installed capacity, maximum flat-installed capacity, minimum flat-installed capacity, maximum opening and closing angle, minimum opening and closing angle, bucket width, stroke of hydraulic cylinder 3 and maximum and minimum installation distances, length of the first calibration surface connection line, length of the second calibration surface connection line, shape and size of the back plate 101, main panel 208 and main blade 201. According to the above parameters, specific parts design can be further carried out to improve the bucket details.

[0078] In some embodiments, after the basic bucket shape is designed by the above method, the bucket shape can also be adjusted. For example, a third arc portion 2082 is added between the second plane portion 2083 of the main panel 208 and the second arc portion 2081. This can appropriately increase the basic bucket capacity, optimize the bucket shape, and obtain better results.

Claims

1. A variable capacity bucket, characterized in that: It comprises a fixed bucket, a movable bucket body (2), a left guide mechanism (4), a right guide mechanism (12), a hydraulic cylinder (3), a second pin shaft (5), a third pin shaft (6), a first locking pin (7), a first end cover (8), a first bushing (9), a bucket tooth (10), a first pin shaft (11), a second end cover (13), a second bushing (14), a hydraulic lock (15), a second locking pin (16), a locking nut (17), and a connecting rod (18); The fixed bucket comprises a back plate (101), both sides of the back plate (101) are connected to side wall plates (104), the inner side of the side wall plates (104) is provided with a first shaft sleeve (103), a second reinforcing plate (105) is connected between the fixed bucket and the side wall plates (104), a first reinforcing plate (102) is connected between the first shaft sleeve (103) and the back plate (101) and the side wall plates (104), two symmetrically distributed third hinge plates (106) are connected to the outer side wall edge of the back plate (101), and two symmetrically distributed first hinge plates (106) are provided between the two third hinge plates (106). 08), a second hinge plate (107) is arranged between the adjacent third hinge plates (106) and first hinge plates (108), a first reinforcing plate (102) is connected between the two first hinge plates (108), a second reinforcing plate (105) is connected between the adjacent first hinge plates (108) and second hinge plates (107), a third reinforcing plate is connected between the adjacent second hinge plates (107) and third hinge plates (106), a first contact plate (109) is arranged on the end surfaces of the second hinge plates (107) and the third hinge plates (106) on the opposite side, and a second contact plate (113) is arranged on the end surfaces of the third hinge plates (106) away from each other, and a plurality of threaded holes are opened on the end surface of the third hinge plate (106); The movable bucket body (2) comprises a main panel (208), the end of the main panel (208) is connected to a main blade plate (201), the end of the main blade plate (201) is connected to a bucket tooth seat (202), a bucket tooth (10) is installed inside the bucket tooth seat (202), both sides of the main panel (208) are connected to side panels (210), a side blade plate (203) is connected between the end of the side panel (210) and the main blade plate (201), and a side panel (203) is provided inside the middle part of the side panel (210). A second shaft sleeve (206) is arranged, a third shaft sleeve (209) is arranged on the inner side of the end of the side panel (210), a fourth reinforcing plate assembly (204) is arranged on the outer end surface of the side panel (210), a third reinforcing plate assembly (207) is arranged at the edge of the side panel (210), a fifth reinforcing plate assembly (205) is arranged at the joint between the side panel (210) and the main panel (208), and a sixth reinforcing plate assembly (211) is arranged on the outer end surface of the main panel (208); A movable bucket body (2) is rotatably arranged on the outer side of the fixed bucket seat (1) via a first pin shaft (11); the first pin shaft (11) passes through a first shaft sleeve (103) and a second shaft sleeve (206) in sequence from the inside to the outside and is connected to the first shaft sleeve (103) via bolts; a first bushing (9) is arranged between the first pin shaft (11) and the second shaft sleeve (206); the end of the second shaft sleeve (206) is connected to a first end cover (8) and a second hinged plate (107) via bolts. A hydraulic cylinder (3) is arranged between the third hinged plates (106); the second pin shaft (5) passes through the third hinged plate (106), the end of the hydraulic cylinder (3), and the second hinged plate (107) in sequence from outside to inside and is connected to the second plate (113) on the third hinged plate (106) by bolts; the plate on the second hinged plate (107) is connected to the second end cover (13) by bolts; a connecting rod (18) is arranged between the lower parts of the two third hinged plates (106); and the output ends of the two hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged between the two ends of the connecting rod (18) and the two third hinged plates (106). The third pin shaft (6) passes through the third shaft sleeve (209) provided on the third hinge plate (106) and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (3) from the outside to the inside in sequence and is plugged into and matched with the end of the connecting rod (18). The third pin shaft (6) is connected to the third shaft sleeve (209) by bolts. The two third hinge plates (106) are respectively connected to the symmetrically arranged left guide mechanism (4) and right guide mechanism (12) by bolts. The two side blade plates (203) are respectively arranged on the inner side of the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) and are slidably matched with the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12).

2. A variable capacity bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left guide mechanism (4) comprises a fixed plate (402), the top of the fixed plate (402) is connected to a limit plate (401) via an arc plate (403), a plurality of countersunk holes are provided on the end surface of the fixed plate (402), locking pin holes with the same diameter are provided on the limit plate (401) and the fixed plate (402) at opposite positions, the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) have the same structural composition, and the arc plate (403) and the limit plate (401) are arranged on the end surface on the opposite side of the fixed plate (402), a bolt for connecting the third hinge plate (106) is arranged inside the countersunk hole, and a first locking pin (7) is arranged inside the locking pin hole.

3. A variable capacity bucket according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first locking pin (7) passes through a circular hole provided on the side blade plate (203).

4. The variable capacity bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back plate (101) comprises a first plane portion (1011) and a first arc portion (1012) which are connected to each other, and the first plane portion (1011) and the first arc portion (1012) are tangent to each other at a joint.

5. The variable capacity bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main panel (208) includes a second plane portion (2083), a second arc portion (2081), and a third arc portion (2082) that are connected, and the second arc portion (2081) is tangent to the seams of the second plane portion (2083) and the third arc portion (2082).

6. The variable capacity bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side blade (203) is provided with a fourth arc surface (2031) at one end close to the fixed bucket seat (1), and the fourth arc surface (2031) is coaxial with the first arc portion (1012) and the second arc portion (2081). A plurality of circular holes are arranged on the inner side of the fourth arc surface (2031), and the circular holes are arranged on a circumference which is also coaxial with the first arc portion (1012) and the second arc portion (2081), and the angles between each adjacent circular hole and the line connecting the center of the circumference are equal.

7. The variable capacity bucket according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer contour of the fixing plate (402) has a fifth arc surface (4021) with a radius of RC5, the outer contour of the limiting plate (401) has a seventh arc surface (4011) with a radius of RC5, and the arc plate (403) is composed of a sixth arc portion (4031) with an inner diameter of RC6.

8. The variable capacity bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: An element with a pressure-maintaining function is also provided on the oil circuit of the hydraulic oil cylinder (3).

9. The variable capacity bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second bushing (14) is rotatably arranged between the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and the second pin shaft (5), and between the end end and the third pin shaft (6).

10. A method for designing a variable capacity bucket according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) According to the overall design parameter index, various technical parameters of a conventional fixed capacity bucket are first designed, including the rated capacity V0, bucket width W0, bucket opening and closing angle α0, bucket bottom arc inner diameter R0, first calibration surface connection length L′1, second calibration surface connection length L′2, third calibration surface connection length L′3, back plate (101) thickness t1′, etc., wherein the bucket width W0 is the width of the internal loading space of the bucket; (2) The variable capacity bucket is provided with three capacity indices and one evaluation index, wherein the capacity indices are: the standard capacity when the shape is consistent with the same specification of the fixed capacity bucket, the maximum capacity after the bucket is deformed, and the minimum capacity after the bucket is deformed. The standard capacity is first determined, and then the maximum capacity and the minimum capacity can be further calculated according to the bucket shape parameters. The evaluation index is the capacity change rate, which is (maximum capacity-minimum capacity) / standard capacity×100%; (3) The rated capacity V0 of the conventional fixed capacity bucket is set as the initial value of the standard capacity V of the variable capacity bucket. The standard capacity V of the variable capacity bucket can be decomposed into the standard flat capacity V 平 and the heap tip capacity V 堆 When the bucket is fully loaded with materials in a horizontal position, in addition to the materials in the bucket, a material pile peak will be formed above the third calibration surface. 平 is the bucket capacity below the third calibration surface, and the heap tip capacity V 堆 is the capacity above the third calibration surface, the third calibration surface being from the inner upper edge of the main blade (201) to; (4) Decomposing bucket shape parameters, wherein the bucket shape parameters can be specifically decomposed into the following parameters: bucket width W, length L1 of the first calibration surface connection line, length L2 of the second calibration surface connection line, length L3 of the third calibration surface connection line, radius R of the calibration arc surface, distance L4 from the upper hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder (3) to the center of the calibration arc surface, distance L5 from the lower hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder (3) to the center of the calibration arc surface, bucket opening and closing angle α, change in bucket opening and closing angle △α, angle β between the lines connecting the centers of adjacent capacity locking holes to the center of the calibration arc surface, angle γ between the lines connecting the centers of the two hinge points of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and the center of the calibration arc surface, angle γ0 between the lines connecting the centers of the two hinge points of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and the center of the calibration arc surface when the hydraulic cylinder (3) has a minimum stroke, installation distance L6 of the hydraulic cylinder (3), inner diameter R of the first arc portion (1012) of the back plate (101) C1 , the back plate (101) has a thickness t1, and the inner diameter R of the second arc portion (2081) of the main panel (208) C2 , the outer diameter R of the fourth arc surface (2031) of the side blade (203) C3 The distribution circumferential radius R of the center of the capacity locking circular hole on the side blade plate (203) and the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) is C4 The inner diameter R of the fifth arc surface (4021) of the fixing plate (402) of the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) is C5 The inner diameter R of the sixth arc portion (4031) of the arc plate (403) of the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) is C6 , wherein W is the width of the loading space inside the bucket, the calibration arc surface is the intermediate circular surface between the inner circular surface of the first arc portion (1012) and the inner circular surface of the second arc portion (2081), L1 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the main blade (201) to the tangent plane of the calibration arc surface, and the plane formed by the tangent in the bucket width direction is the first calibration surface, L2 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the back plate (101) (101) to the tangent plane of the calibration arc surface, and the plane formed by the tangent in the bucket width direction is the second calibration surface, L3 is the length of the line from the inner upper edge of the main blade (201) to the inner upper edge of the back plate (101), and the plane formed by the line in the bucket width direction is the third calibration surface, α is the angle between the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface, and V can be derived from the volume formula of the bucket. 平 Regarding the relationship between R, L1, L2, W and α, the relationship between the relationship between the arc parts and the relationship between the installation distance of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and L4, L5 and △α are used to further analyze the change law of the bucket capacity and perform parameter design; (5) The bucket width W0, bucket opening and closing angle α0, bucket bottom arc inner diameter R0, first calibration surface connection length L′1, second calibration surface connection length L′2, and third calibration surface connection length L′3 of the conventional fixed capacity bucket are respectively set as the initial values ​​of the bucket width W, calibration arc surface inner diameter R, first calibration surface connection length L1, second calibration surface connection length L2, and third calibration surface connection length L3 of the variable capacity bucket at the standard capacity; (6) According to the initial values ​​of bucket width W, calibration arc surface inner diameter R, first calibration surface connection length L1, second calibration surface connection length L2, and third calibration surface connection length L3, the V value of step 4 is calculated. 平 The formula calculates the maximum flat-pack capacity and the minimum flat-pack capacity of the variable-capacity bucket under the parameter as the opening and closing angle α changes, and plots the function graph; (7) Observe whether the capacity change rate meets the design requirements, compare the α values ​​of the maximum flat-pack capacity, the minimum flat-pack capacity and the standard flat-pack capacity, and observe whether the angle change range is within a reasonable range; (8) If the capacity change amplitude or angle change range is unreasonable, adjust the capacity change range by adjusting the values ​​of L1, L2, R and W until the optimal capacity change rate and angle change range are obtained, and determine the values ​​of L1, L2, R, W and α; (9) After the values ​​of the design parameters such as L1, L2, R and W are determined through the above steps, the bucket shape of the variable capacity bucket is determined accordingly. The thicknesses t1 and t2 of the back plate (101) and the main panel (208) are set with reference to the fixed capacity bucket. At this time, the inner diameter R of the first arc portion (1012) can be obtained according to the relevant formula in step 4. c1 The inner diameter R of the second arc portion (2081) is c2 , according to L1, L2, R c1 , R c2 and α0 can further determine the position and size of the inner upper edge of the main blade (201) and the inner upper edge of the first plane portion (1011) of the back plate (101), and then determine the position and size of the outer edge of the first arc portion (1012) of the back plate (101) and the second arc portion (2081) of the main panel (208) (208) according to the two extreme values ​​of α, thereby determining the cross-sectional shape and size of the variable capacity bucket; (10) After the bucket cross-sectional shape and size are determined, R can be reasonably arranged according to the bucket cross-sectional shape. C4 , R C3 , R C6 , R C5 and β, wherein the value of β is determined by, after the positions of the left guide mechanism (4) and the right guide mechanism (12) are determined, determining the positions of the first and last circular holes on the side blade (203) according to the two extreme values ​​of α, and then dividing the angle between the two holes into n parts, namely β, selecting suitable positions on the back of the fixed bucket seat (1) and the side panel (210) of the movable bucket body (2) that do not interfere with other components to set the hinge points of the hydraulic cylinder (3), presetting the values ​​of L4, L5 and γ0, and then calculating the extreme value of L6 according to the two extreme values ​​of α and the relevant formula of step 4, obtaining the maximum installation distance, minimum installation distance and stroke of the cylinder, and then designing the size and shape of the hydraulic cylinder (3), and then assembling the designed hydraulic cylinder (3) on the bucket for motion simulation, and continuously adjusting the values ​​of L4, L5 and γ0 according to the simulation results until the best effect is obtained; (11) Through the above steps, all key technical parameters of the variable capacity bucket can be obtained: standard flat-installed capacity, maximum flat-installed capacity, minimum flat-installed capacity, maximum opening angle, minimum opening angle, bucket width, stroke of the hydraulic cylinder (3) and maximum and minimum installation distances, length of the first calibration surface connection line, length of the second calibration surface connection line, shape and size of the back plate (101), main panel (208) and main blade (201). Based on the above parameters, the complete design of the variable capacity bucket can be carried out.

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