Anti-freezing, anti-scaling and anti-backflow rotary wing type ceramic bearing mechanical water meter

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-freezing, scale-free and countercurrent-free rotary wing type ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, belongs to the technical field of water meters, and aims to solve the problems of abrasion, blockage, countercurrent error, low-temperature freezing and the like of a traditional water meter in long-term operation. Through innovative mechanical design and material application, the metering precision, durability and environmental adaptability are improved; through a self-cleaning mechanism, an anti-freezing design, an anti-backflow device, application of high-performance materials, fluid dynamics optimization, a multi-axial rotor wing and magnetic suspension technology and an environment adaptability design, the rotor wing type water meter is easy to maintain and overhaul and has the advantages of self-cleaning, anti-backflow, high precision and high durability. According to the water meter, through innovative mechanical design and material application, the problems of abrasion, blockage, countercurrent errors, low-temperature freezing and the like of a traditional water meter in long-term operation are solved. The water flow meter is suitable for various water use environments such as residence, business and industry, can provide stable and reliable water flow measurement, and ensures accurate metering and management of water resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water meters, and in particular relates to a frost-proof, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter. Background Art

[0002] In the field of water meter technology, traditional rotor-type water meters are common devices used to measure water flow. They use water flow to drive the rotor to rotate, and then measure the water flow by counting the number of rotor rotations. However, these traditional water meters have some limitations and problems in actual use.

[0003] Since water often contains various impurities and sediments, these substances will accumulate inside the water meter, especially the rotor part, which will cause the rotor surface to wear and even get stuck over a long period of time, thus affecting the metering accuracy of the water meter. This wear and blockage problem will gradually increase as the water meter is used for a longer time, and may eventually lead to the complete failure of the water meter.

[0004] Traditional water meters have poor adaptability in extreme low temperature environments. In cold winters, the water inside the water meter may freeze, causing the water meter shell to crack or the internal mechanical parts to be damaged. This freezing problem not only affects the normal use of the water meter, but may also lead to waste of water resources and additional maintenance costs.

[0005] Many traditional water meters are sensitive to the direction of water flow and are usually designed to measure water flow in one direction only. This means that if the direction of the water flow changes, the water meter may not measure correctly or may not work at all. This reliance on the direction of water flow limits the use of water meters in certain application scenarios, such as those that require bidirectional measurement.

[0006] In order to overcome the above problems and improve the performance and service life of water meters, it is necessary to develop a new type of rotor-type water meter, which should have a self-cleaning function to reduce the influence of impurities and sediments, an anti-freeze design to adapt to low temperature environments, and an anti-backflow function to ensure accurate measurement in any water flow direction; the present invention is proposed in this context, aiming to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology through a series of innovative designs and technical improvements, and provide a more reliable, durable and adaptable water meter solution. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a frost-proof, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter in view of the shortcomings of the background technology, aiming to solve the problems of wear, blockage, backflow error and low-temperature freezing encountered by traditional water meters in long-term operation. The water meter improves the measurement accuracy, durability and environmental adaptability through innovative mechanical design and material application.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0009] A frost-proof, non-scaling, and non-backflow rotor-type ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, comprising a water inlet, an anti-backflow device, a self-cleaning mechanism, a rotor system, a magnetic suspension system, a bearing, a flow meter counter, a water outlet, and a maintenance port;

[0010] The water inlet is connected to a water inlet filter for preliminary filtering of the incoming water;

[0011] The anti-backflow device includes a check valve and a one-way valve, which are used to ensure that the water can only flow in one direction;

[0012] The self-cleaning mechanism is used to automatically remove impurities from the rotor surface using a fluid dynamic design and cleaning blades;

[0013] The rotor system comprises a rotor and a shaft, and is used to measure water flow;

[0014] The magnetic suspension system includes magnets and sensors to reduce friction and improve accuracy and life;

[0015] The bearing uses wear-resistant materials and low-friction coatings to improve durability;

[0016] The flow meter counter includes a mechanical counter or an electronic counter for recording and displaying flow data;

[0017] The water outlet is connected to a water outlet filter for filtering the outflowing water;

[0018] The maintenance port is used to provide a cleaning tool access point and a component replacement interface to facilitate maintenance and repair.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotor-type ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, the self-cleaning mechanism includes a self-cleaning system, which utilizes the principle of fluid dynamics to guide the water flow through the water meter to generate rotational power through specially designed guide vanes, and automatically removes impurities and sediments on the rotor and measuring surface, thereby reducing wear and improving metering accuracy; the specific principles are as follows:

[0020] Fluid kinetic energy conversion: When water flows through the water meter, its kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy and kinetic energy, which is used to drive the rotor to rotate and remove impurities attached to the rotor and measuring surface;

[0021] Forward-swept twisted blades: Specially shaped guide blades are set inside the water meter to optimize flow velocity distribution and enhance the shear force of the fluid, thereby removing impurities more effectively;

[0022] Forward sweep: The leading edge of the blade is tilted forward, forming an angle of 15° to 30° with the flow direction of the fluid, which is used to reduce the resistance when the blade contacts the fluid, increase the impact force of the fluid, and thus improve the efficiency of removing impurities;

[0023] Twisted shape: The blades gradually twist along the fluid flow direction from inlet to outlet to maintain uniform distribution of flow velocity, reduce fluid separation and vortex formation, and enhance fluid shear force on the entire blade surface;

[0024] Streamlined profile: The cross section of the blade adopts a streamlined design to reduce fluid resistance and improve energy efficiency;

[0025] Adjustable angle: The blade installation angle can be adjusted to adapt to different flow rates and water quality conditions to ensure the best self-cleaning effect;

[0026] Number of blades: 4 to 6 guide blades are designed to ensure uniform distribution of fluid inside the water meter and sufficient rotor coverage;

[0027] Fluid turbulence effect: The design induces turbulence in the water surface. The violent disturbance of turbulence helps to break up the sediments, making them easier to be carried away by the water flow.

[0028] Among them, the fluid velocity and kinetic energy are calculated: Where v is the fluid velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the potential energy generated by the fluid pressure difference, and v0 is the initial velocity;

[0029] Fluid pressure loss calculation: Where ΔP is the pressure loss, f is the friction factor, ρ is the fluid density, v is the flow velocity, and d is the pipe diameter;

[0030] Turbulence intensity estimation: Where I is the turbulence intensity, v is the flow velocity, and v rms is the root mean square value of the flow velocity, indicating the severity of turbulence;

[0031] Shear force calculation: Where τ is the shear force, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, is the gradient of flow velocity.

[0032] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anti-freezing, anti-scaling and anti-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter includes a check valve and a one-way valve to ensure that water can only flow in one direction and prevent backflow, thereby avoiding affecting the metering accuracy of the water meter;

[0033] Among them, check valve: a check valve is an automatic valve that allows fluid to flow in one direction and closes when the fluid flows in the reverse direction. The check valve comprises a valve disc and a valve seat. The normal flow of the fluid causes the valve disc to open, while the reverse flow causes the valve disc to automatically close.

[0034] Check valve: A check valve is a simple non-return device that controls the flow direction of a fluid through a valve port that can be opened in one direction. The check valve contains a spring or other mechanism to ensure that the valve port is closed under reverse fluid pressure;

[0035] Among them, fluid pressure and flow rate calculation: Where P is the pressure of the fluid, ρ is the density of the fluid, and v is the velocity of the fluid;

[0036] Valve opening force calculation: F = A P ΔP, where F is the force acting on the valve, A P is the valve disc area, ΔP is the fluid pressure difference;

[0037] The valve uses a spring, spring force calculation: F s = kΔx, where F s is the spring force, k is the spring stiffness, △x is the displacement of the spring;

[0038] Sealing performance evaluation: Among them, C d is the leakage rate determined by the valve design coefficient, A is the valve opening area, ΔP is the fluid pressure difference, and ρ is the density of the fluid.

[0039] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotor-type ceramic bearing mechanical water meter with antifreeze, no scaling and no backflow, the rotor and the bearing are made of nano-coating and precision ceramic materials, which have excellent corrosion resistance, anti-adhesion and low friction properties, and significantly improve the durability and metering accuracy of the water meter;

[0040] The nano coating is tungsten disulfide WS2 nano coating; the precision ceramic material is zirconia, ZrO2.

[0041] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, the fluid dynamics optimization is as follows: by performing computational fluid dynamics CFD analysis on the internal structure of the water meter, the flow channel design is optimized, the head loss is reduced, and the accuracy of water flow measurement and the response speed of the water meter are improved; the specific calculation is as follows:

[0042] Continuity equation: ∫ inlet ρvdA=∫ outlet ρvdA, used to describe mass conservation, that is, the mass flow rates at the inlet and outlet are equal;

[0043] Bernoulli equation: Used to describe the conservation of energy of a fluid, where P is pressure, v is flow velocity, and h is height;

[0044] Turbulent kinetic energy equation: Used to describe the change in fluid momentum, where μ is the dynamic viscosity and F is the volume force;

[0045] Navier-Stokes equations: Conservation of momentum used to describe fluid motion;

[0046] The details are as follows:

[0047] (1) Flow channel: By optimizing the shape and size of the flow channel, the energy loss of the fluid when passing through the water meter can be reduced, that is, the head loss can be reduced;

[0048] Among them, shape: Involute profile: The inlet and outlet of the flow channel adopt an involute profile to help smooth the fluid transition and reduce the generation of vortices and turbulence;

[0049] Streamline: The flow channel adopts a streamlined design to guide the fluid to pass smoothly and reduce the friction loss of the fluid;

[0050] size:

[0051] Diameter: For a DN20 water meter, the flow channel diameter should match the water meter diameter, usually around 20mm;

[0052] Length: The length of the flow channel should be determined according to the overall size and design requirements of the water meter, usually 2 to 3 times the diameter of the water meter to ensure sufficient flow rate development and energy recovery;

[0053] Related parameters:

[0054] Flow channel roughness: The roughness of the inner wall of the flow channel should be controlled at a low level, Ra ≤ 0.4 microns;

[0055] Inlet and outlet angles: The inlet and outlet angles of the flow channel should match the fluid flow direction, using 45° to 60°;

[0056] Turning radius: Any turn in the flow channel should have a sufficient radius to avoid sharp turns of the fluid and the generation of vortices;

[0057] (2) Fluid velocity distribution: Ensure that the velocity distribution of the fluid passing through the water meter is uniform to improve the measurement accuracy of water flow;

[0058] (3) Turbulence and laminar flow control: By designing and controlling the flow state of the fluid, the energy loss and measurement error caused by turbulence can be reduced.

[0059] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the rotor-type ceramic bearing mechanical water meter with antifreeze, no scaling and no backflow, the rotor system adopts a multi-axial rotor system to adapt to the impact of water flow in different directions and maintain the metering accuracy; at the same time, the magnetic levitation technology is applied to suspend the rotor, eliminate the mechanical contact point, reduce friction, and improve the response speed and life of the water meter;

[0060] The magnetic suspension system consists of:

[0061] Magnet: Use permanent magnet, NdFeB magnet, which has high magnetic energy product and stability;

[0062] Sensor: used to monitor the rotor position in real time to ensure that it remains in the correct suspension state; the sensor includes a Hall effect sensor, a photoelectric sensor or an electromagnetic induction sensor;

[0063] Controller: processes sensor signals and adjusts magnetic force to maintain stable suspension of the rotor; the controller can use PID control algorithm;

[0064] Among them, magnetic calculation: F is the magnetic force, B is the magnetic field strength, A is the area of ​​the magnet, and μ0 is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum;

[0065] Suspension force calculation: F lift is the suspension force, F drag is the resistance caused by the water flow;

[0066] Rotor dynamics analysis: τ=ρ×A×v 2 ×C L ; τ is the torque on the rotor, ρ is the fluid density, A is the rotor area, v is the flow velocity, C L is the lift coefficient;

[0067] System stability analysis: △P is the pressure difference, A in and A out are the cross-sectional areas of the inlet and outlet respectively.

[0068] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter further comprises a heat-insulating material and a drainage system;

[0069] The insulation material comprises selecting a suitable aerogel type and density according to the specific application environment and insulation requirements of the water meter; designing the thickness of the aerogel insulation layer to ensure that a good insulation effect can be maintained at the expected lowest temperature; cutting the aerogel into appropriate sizes and fixing it to the outside or inside of the water meter to reduce heat loss; adding a protective layer outside the aerogel insulation layer, including aluminum foil or plastic film, to prevent physical damage and moisture penetration;

[0070] The drainage system is used to ensure that water does not accumulate inside the water meter during cold weather conditions, reducing the risk of freezing;

[0071] Among them, the insulation performance calculation is: R is the insulation performance, d is the thickness of the insulation material, and k is the thermal conductivity of the material;

[0072] Heating demand calculation: Q = m·c·ΔT; Q is the heating demand, m is the mass of water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the temperature change;

[0073] Temperature gradient calculation: Where ΔT is the temperature gradient through the insulating material, Q is the amount of heat through the material, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the material;

[0074] Freeze Risk Assessment:P f =1-e -kf·t ; Among them, P f is the freezing probability, kf is the freezing coefficient, t is the time of exposure to low temperatures.

[0075] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects:

[0076] The present invention discloses a frost-proof, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, which aims to solve the problems of wear, blockage, backflow error and low-temperature freezing encountered by traditional water meters in long-term operation; the water meter improves the measurement accuracy, durability and environmental adaptability through innovative mechanical design and material application; the main features include

[0077] Improve metering accuracy: Through the self-cleaning mechanism, the wear and stagnation of the rotor caused by impurities and sediments in the water flow are reduced, thereby improving the long-term stability and accuracy of the water meter;

[0078] Antifreeze performance: The use of special materials and structural designs, such as the insulation layer and heating elements inside the water meter, enhances the adaptability of the water meter in extremely low temperature environments and effectively prevents the water meter from breaking due to freezing of internal water;

[0079] Anti-backflow function: The new anti-backflow device, including a check valve and a one-way valve, ensures that water can only flow in one direction, avoiding the impact of water backflow on the metering accuracy;

[0080] Enhanced durability: Select high-performance materials, such as nano-coatings and precision ceramics, to improve the corrosion resistance, anti-adhesion and low-friction characteristics of the rotors and bearings, thereby extending the service life of the water meter;

[0081] Fluid dynamics optimization: Optimize the internal structure design of the water meter through CFD analysis, reduce head loss, and improve the accuracy of water flow measurement;

[0082] Improved response speed and lifespan: The multi-axial rotor system and magnetic levitation technology are used to reduce mechanical contact points, reduce friction, and improve the response speed and overall lifespan of the water meter;

[0083] Environmental adaptability: Considering the usage requirements under different climatic conditions, the water meter is designed to adapt to various water qualities and installation environments to ensure that the water meter can work stably in different environments;

[0084] Easy maintenance: The self-cleaning mechanism and easy disassembly design reduce the maintenance workload and maintenance costs of the water meter.

[0085] Improved reliability: Through long-term stability monitoring and durability testing, the reliability and durability of the water meter in the actual use environment are verified;

[0086] Energy-saving effect: Magnetic levitation technology and fluid dynamics optimization design reduce energy loss and improve the energy efficiency of the water meter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0087] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0088] Figure 1 It is a thinking diagram of the overall structure of the rotary vane water meter of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 2 It is a detailed mind map of the self-cleaning mechanism of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 3 It is a structural thinking diagram of the anti-backflow device of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional mind map of the rotor and bearing of the present invention, as well as the specific application locations of the nano coating and ceramic materials;

[0092] Figure 5 It is a structural mind map of the fluid dynamics optimization design of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 6 The invention discloses the design of the multi-axial rotor and how the magnetic suspension system suspends the rotor;

[0094] Figure 7 It is a detailed mind map of the environmental adaptability design of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 8 It is a mind map for disassembly and maintenance of the water meter of the present invention;

[0096] Fig. 9 It is a mind map for the installation and use of the water meter of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0097] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0098] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention is described in detail below based on the drawings and preferred embodiments, and the purpose and effect of the present invention will become clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0099] The present invention discloses a frost-proof, non-scaling, non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing water meter, which aims to solve the problems of wear, blockage, backflow error, and low-temperature freezing encountered by traditional water meters in long-term operation. The water meter improves the metering accuracy, durability, and environmental adaptability through innovative mechanical design and material application. The main features include:

[0100] Self-cleaning mechanism: The guide vanes designed using the principles of fluid dynamics automatically remove impurities on the rotor and measuring surface, reducing wear and improving metering accuracy.

[0101] Anti-freeze design: Use special materials and structures, such as aerogel insulation layer, to enhance the adaptability of the water meter in extreme low temperature environments and prevent freezing and cracking.

[0102] Anti-backflow device: equipped with new check valve and one-way valve to ensure one-way flow of water and avoid backflow errors.

[0103] Application of high-performance materials: Nano-coating and precision ceramic materials are used on rotors and bearings to improve corrosion resistance, anti-adhesion and low friction properties.

[0104] Fluid dynamics optimization: CFD analysis is used to optimize the internal structure design, reduce head loss, and improve measurement accuracy and response speed.

[0105] Multi-axial rotor and magnetic levitation technology: Design a multi-axial rotor system to adapt to different water flow directions, and use magnetic levitation technology to reduce friction and increase life.

[0106] Environmental adaptability design: Comprehensively consider the usage requirements under different climatic conditions to ensure that the water meter works stably in various environments.

[0107] Easy maintenance and inspection: Modular design and easily accessible inspection ports simplify maintenance and cleaning, reducing maintenance costs.

[0108] The water meter of the present invention is suitable for various water use environments such as residential, commercial and industrial, and can provide stable and reliable water flow measurement, ensure accurate measurement and management of water resources, and simplify maintenance work and reduce overall operating costs.

[0109] Improve the metering accuracy of water meters: By designing a self-cleaning mechanism, the wear and sticking of the rotor caused by impurities and sediments in the water flow can be reduced, thereby improving the long-term stability and accuracy of the water meter.

[0110] Prevent water meters from freezing and cracking: By adopting special materials and structural designs, the adaptability of water meters in extremely low temperature environments is enhanced, preventing the water meters from cracking due to internal water freezing.

[0111] Prevent backflow error: Design a new anti-backflow device to ensure that water flows through the rotor in one direction, avoiding the impact of water backflow on the metering accuracy of the water meter.

[0112] Improve the durability of water meters: Select high-performance materials, nano-coatings and precision ceramics to improve the corrosion resistance, anti-adhesion and low-friction properties of rotors and bearings, thereby extending the service life of water meters.

[0113] Optimize fluid dynamics performance: Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, optimize the internal structure design of the water meter, reduce head loss, and improve the accuracy of water flow measurement.

[0114] Improve the response speed and life of the water meter: Use a multi-axial rotor system and magnetic levitation technology to reduce mechanical contact points, reduce friction, and improve the response speed and overall life of the water meter.

[0115] Enhance the environmental adaptability of water meters: Comprehensively consider the usage requirements under different climatic conditions, design water meters to adapt to various water qualities and installation environments, and ensure that water meters can work stably in different environments.

[0116] Simplified water meter maintenance and cleaning: Through the self-cleaning mechanism and easy disassembly design, the maintenance workload of the water meter is reduced and the maintenance cost is reduced.

[0117] By solving the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a new type of rotary vane water meter, which can provide long-term stable, high-precision and high-durability water flow measurement under various water quality and environmental conditions, while simplifying maintenance work and reducing overall operating costs.

[0118] Improve the cost-effectiveness of water meters: While ensuring the performance of water meters, consider the manufacturing cost and material cost to provide an economical and high-performance water meter solution.

[0119] like Figure 1As shown: The overall structure of the rotary vane water meter of the present invention is shown in the figure. The main components of the water meter, such as the housing, the rotary vane system, the anti-backflow device, the self-cleaning mechanism, and the magnetic suspension system, are shown in the figure.

[0120] The water inlet is connected to a water inlet filter for preliminary filtering of the incoming water;

[0121] The anti-backflow device includes a check valve and a one-way valve, which are used to ensure that the water can only flow in one direction;

[0122] The self-cleaning mechanism is used to automatically remove impurities from the rotor surface using a fluid dynamic design and cleaning blades;

[0123] The rotor system comprises a rotor and a shaft, and is used to measure water flow;

[0124] The magnetic suspension system includes magnets and sensors to reduce friction and improve accuracy and life;

[0125] The bearing uses wear-resistant materials and low-friction coatings to improve durability;

[0126] The flow meter counter includes a mechanical counter or an electronic counter for recording and displaying flow data;

[0127] The water outlet is connected to a water outlet filter for filtering the outflowing water;

[0128] The maintenance port is used to provide a cleaning tool access point and a component replacement interface to facilitate maintenance and repair.

[0129] like Figure 2 Shown: A detailed mind map showing the self-cleaning mechanism. The figure shows in detail how the water flow channel is designed using the principles of fluid dynamics to automatically remove impurities and deposits from the rotor surface.

[0130] Self-cleaning mechanism: is the central node to which all other components are directly related.

[0131] Water inlet: connected to the filter screen to initially filter impurities in the incoming water.

[0132] Guide vanes: Includes blade angle and blade material to optimize water flow direction and improve cleaning efficiency.

[0133] Rotors: Includes rotor design and rotor materials, which are selected to enhance cleaning efficiency and wear resistance.

[0134] Discharge outlet: connected to the discharge speed control to manage the speed of discharged water and prevent backflow.

[0135] Impurity collection area: connected to the cleaning cycle and regular maintenance reminder, used to collect impurities and remind regular maintenance.

[0136] The self-cleaning mechanism includes a self-cleaning system, which uses the principles of fluid dynamics to guide the water flow through the water meter through specially designed guide vanes to generate rotational power, automatically remove impurities and sediments on the rotor and measuring surface, thereby reducing wear and improving metering accuracy; the specific principles are as follows:

[0137] Fluid kinetic energy conversion: When water flows through the water meter, its kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy and kinetic energy, which is used to drive the rotor to rotate and remove impurities attached to the rotor and measuring surface;

[0138] Forward-swept twisted blades: Specially shaped guide blades are set inside the water meter to optimize flow velocity distribution and enhance the shear force of the fluid, thereby removing impurities more effectively;

[0139] Forward sweep: The leading edge of the blade is tilted forward, forming an angle of 15° to 30° with the direction of fluid flow, which is used to reduce the resistance when the blade contacts the fluid, increase the impact force of the fluid, and thus improve the efficiency of impurity removal.

[0140] Twisted shape: The blades gradually twist along the fluid flow direction from inlet to outlet to maintain uniform distribution of flow velocity, reduce fluid separation and vortex formation, and enhance fluid shear force on the entire blade surface;

[0141] Streamlined profile: The cross section of the blade adopts a streamlined design to reduce fluid resistance and improve energy efficiency;

[0142] Adjustable angle: The blade installation angle can be adjusted to adapt to different flow rates and water quality conditions to ensure the best self-cleaning effect;

[0143] Number of blades: 4 to 6 guide blades are designed to ensure uniform distribution of fluid inside the water meter and sufficient rotor coverage;

[0144] Fluid turbulence effect: The design induces turbulence in the water flow inside the water surface. The violent disturbance of turbulence helps to break up the sediment, making it easier for it to be carried away by the water flow.

[0145] Among them, the fluid velocity and kinetic energy are calculated: Where v is the fluid velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the potential energy generated by the fluid pressure difference, and v0 is the initial velocity;

[0146] Fluid pressure loss calculation: Where ΔP is the pressure loss, f is the friction factor, ρ is the fluid density, v is the flow velocity, and d is the pipe diameter.

[0147] Turbulence intensity estimation: Where I is the turbulence intensity, v is the flow velocity, and v rms is the root mean square value of the flow velocity, indicating the severity of turbulence;

[0148] Shear force calculation: Where τ is the shear force, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, is the gradient of flow velocity.

[0149] like Figure 3 Shown: A structural mind map of the anti-backflow device. The figure shows the specific structure of the anti-backflow device, including components such as a one-way valve or a check valve to ensure that water can only flow in one direction.

[0150] Anti-backflow device: It is the central node, and all other components are directly related to it.

[0151] Check valves and one-way valves are the main components of devices that ensure water flows in one direction only.

[0152] The valve seat, spring and bonnet are other key components that together support the functionality of the check valve and non-return valve.

[0153] The disc, seal, guide sleeve and valve body are detailed components of check valves and non-return valves that affect the operation and performance of the device.

[0154] Characteristics such as seat material, spring tension, bonnet fasteners, etc. describe the material and design parameters of the component that are critical to the performance of the unit.

[0155] The anti-backflow device includes a check valve and a one-way valve to ensure that water can only flow in one direction and prevent backflow, thereby avoiding affecting the measurement accuracy of the water meter;

[0156] Among them, check valve: a check valve is an automatic valve that allows fluid to flow in one direction and closes when the fluid flows in the reverse direction. The check valve comprises a valve disc and a valve seat. The normal flow of the fluid causes the valve disc to open, while the reverse flow causes the valve disc to automatically close.

[0157] Check valve: A check valve is a simple non-return device that controls the flow direction of a fluid through a valve port that can be opened in one direction. The check valve contains a spring or other mechanism to ensure that the valve port is closed under reverse fluid pressure.

[0158] Among them, fluid pressure and flow rate calculation: Where P is the pressure of the fluid, ρ is the density of the fluid, and v is the velocity of the fluid;

[0159] Valve opening force calculation: F = A P ΔP, where F is the force acting on the valve, A P is the valve disc area, ΔP is the fluid pressure difference;

[0160] The valve uses a spring, spring force calculation: F s = kΔx, where F s is the spring force, k is the spring stiffness, △x is the displacement of the spring;

[0161] Sealing performance evaluation: Among them, C d is the leakage rate determined by the valve design coefficient, A is the valve opening area, ΔP is the fluid pressure difference, and ρ is the density of the fluid.

[0162] like Figure 4 Shown: The application of nano coating and precision ceramic materials for rotors and bearings. The figure shows a cross-sectional mind map of the rotor and bearings, as well as the specific application locations of nano coating and ceramic materials.

[0163] The rotor and bearing system is the central node to which all other components are directly related.

[0164] The rotor design, including its shape, material, and balance, affects the performance and durability of the rotor.

[0165] Bearings include bearing type, lubrication system and wear-resistant coating, these components ensure the efficient and long life operation of the bearing.

[0166] The connecting shaft includes the shaft material and shaft seal, which supports the rotation of the rotor and protects the interior from external influences.

[0167] The drive mechanism includes power transmission efficiency and stability, which determine the response and reliability of the entire system.

[0168] The rotor and bearings are made of nano-coating and precision ceramic materials, which have excellent corrosion resistance, anti-adhesion and low friction properties, significantly improving the durability and metering accuracy of the water meter;

[0169] The nano coating is tungsten disulfide WS2 nano coating; the precision ceramic material is zirconia, ZrO2.

[0170] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, the fluid dynamics optimization is as follows: by performing computational fluid dynamics CFD analysis on the internal structure of the water meter, the flow channel design is optimized, the head loss is reduced, and the accuracy of water flow measurement and the response speed of the water meter are improved; the specific calculation is as follows:

[0171] Continuity equation: ∫ inlet ρvdA=∫ outlet ρvdA, used to describe mass conservation, that is, the mass flow rates at the inlet and outlet are equal;

[0172] Bernoulli equation: Used to describe the conservation of energy of a fluid, where P is pressure, v is flow velocity, and h is height;

[0173] Turbulent kinetic energy equation: Used to describe the change in fluid momentum, where μ is the dynamic viscosity and F is the volume force;

[0174] Navier-Stokes equations: Conservation of momentum used to describe fluid motion;

[0175] The details are as follows:

[0176] (1) Flow channel: By optimizing the shape and size of the flow channel, the energy loss of the fluid when passing through the water meter can be reduced, that is, the head loss can be reduced;

[0177] Among them, shape: Involute profile: The inlet and outlet of the flow channel adopt an involute profile to help smooth the fluid transition and reduce the generation of vortices and turbulence;

[0178] Streamline: The flow channel adopts a streamlined design to guide the fluid to pass smoothly and reduce the friction loss of the fluid;

[0179] size:

[0180] Diameter: For a DN20 water meter, the flow channel diameter should match the water meter diameter, usually around 20mm;

[0181] Length: The length of the flow channel should be determined according to the overall size and design requirements of the water meter, usually 2 to 3 times the diameter of the water meter to ensure sufficient flow rate development and energy recovery;

[0182] Related parameters:

[0183] Flow channel roughness: The roughness of the inner wall of the flow channel should be controlled at a low level, Ra ≤ 0.4 microns;

[0184] Inlet and outlet angles: The inlet and outlet angles of the flow channel should match the fluid flow direction, using 45° to 60°;

[0185] Turning radius: Any turn in the flow channel should have a sufficient radius to avoid sharp turns of the fluid and the generation of vortices;

[0186] (2) Fluid velocity distribution: Ensure that the velocity distribution of the fluid passing through the water meter is uniform to improve the measurement accuracy of water flow;

[0187] (3) Turbulence and laminar flow control: By designing and controlling the flow state of the fluid, the energy loss and measurement error caused by turbulence can be reduced.

[0188] like Figure 5 Shown: A structural mind map showing the fluid dynamics optimization design. The figure shows the internal structure optimized by CFD analysis, including the shape and size of the water flow channel and the design of the rotor.

[0189] Fluid Dynamics Optimization Design: is the central node to which all other components are directly related.

[0190] Flow channel design: including inlet diversion, flow channel section optimization and outlet shape, these designs help reduce eddy currents and turbulence and improve the stability and accuracy of the water meter.

[0191] Flow rate control: achieved through throttling device and flow rate regulating valve to ensure accurate control of flow rate.

[0192] Minimized pressure loss: achieved through streamlined design and internal component layout to reduce system resistance and energy loss.

[0193] Enhanced rotor efficiency: This is achieved through rotor angle adjustment, optimization of rotor quantity and rotor material selection to improve the responsiveness and durability of the water meter.

[0194] Overall water meter efficiency: achieved through reduced energy consumption, improved reading accuracy and user satisfaction, thus improving economics and customer trust.

[0195] like Figure 6 Shown: The application of multi-axial rotor and magnetic levitation technology. The figure shows the design of multi-axial rotor and how the magnetic levitation system can levitate the rotor and reduce friction.

[0196] Multi-axial rotor and magnetic levitation technology: is the central node, all other components are directly related to it.

[0197] Multi-axial rotor system: including rotor layout, rotor materials and power transmission, these designs help optimize water contact and improve responsiveness.

[0198] Magnetic bearings: Including magnet configuration, suspension stability and friction reduction, these technologies help reduce energy loss and extend maintenance intervals.

[0199] Control system: including drive algorithms, feedback mechanisms and energy efficiency management to ensure precise control and energy-saving optimization of the system.

[0200] Sensor array: includes position sensors, speed sensors and load sensors, providing precise positioning, speed monitoring and load feedback.

[0201] like Figure 7Shown: A detailed mind map of environmental adaptability design is shown. The figure shows the anti-freezing measures of the water meter's insulation layer and how to improve the stability of the water meter in extreme environments through structural design.

[0202] Environmental adaptability design: is the central node to which all other components are directly related.

[0203] Low temperature resistant design: including special materials, insulation structure and heating elements, these designs help maintain the performance of the water meter in low temperature environment.

[0204] High-pressure resistant design: including reinforced structure, pressure release mechanism and safety valve to ensure the safety and stability of the water meter in high-pressure environment.

[0205] Wear-resistant design: including wear-resistant coating, enhanced surface treatment and durable material selection to improve the durability and reliability of the water meter.

[0206] Corrosion-resistant design: includes anti-corrosion coating, cathodic protection and material compatibility to protect the water meter from chemical attack.

[0207] Anti-sand and dust design: including filtration system, sealing design and cleaning mechanism to prevent sand and other particles from damaging the water meter.

[0208] The rotary vane water meter also includes insulation material and a drainage system;

[0209] The insulation material comprises selecting a suitable aerogel type and density according to the specific application environment and insulation requirements of the water meter; designing the thickness of the aerogel insulation layer to ensure that a good insulation effect can be maintained at the expected lowest temperature; cutting the aerogel into appropriate sizes and fixing it to the outside or inside of the water meter to reduce heat loss; adding a protective layer outside the aerogel insulation layer, including aluminum foil or plastic film, to prevent physical damage and moisture penetration;

[0210] Material selection: Aerogel;

[0211] Material properties:

[0212] a) Extremely low thermal conductivity: Aerogel has one of the lowest thermal conductivity solid materials on the market, which makes it ideal for efficient thermal insulation.

[0213] b) Lightweight: Aerogel is very light, which helps reduce the overall weight of the water meter while providing excellent thermal insulation properties.

[0214] c) Chemical stability: Aerogels usually have good chemical stability and are not prone to react with other materials.

[0215] d) Hydrophobicity: Some types of aerogels are hydrophobic, which helps prevent the absorption and penetration of water.

[0216] Related parameters:

[0217] a) Thermal conductivity: Usually below 0.02W / m·K, much lower than traditional insulation materials such as polyurethane foam or mineral wool.

[0218] b) Density: about 0.1-0.5kg / m 3 , much lower than other insulation materials, helping to reduce structural loads.

[0219] c) Thickness: Depending on the required insulation effect and space constraints, the thickness of aerogel can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters.

[0220] d) Fire resistance: Aerogels generally have excellent fire resistance and can withstand temperatures up to 1000°C without burning.

[0221] e) Weather resistance: Suitable for use in various environmental conditions, including extreme changes in heat and cold.

[0222] Application steps:

[0223] a) Material selection: Select the appropriate aerogel type and density according to the specific application environment and insulation requirements of the water meter.

[0224] b) Insulation layer design: The thickness of the aerogel insulation layer is designed to ensure that good insulation effect can be maintained at the lowest expected temperature.

[0225] c) Installation: Cut the aerogel into appropriate sizes and fix it to the outside or inside of the water meter to reduce heat loss.

[0226] d) Protective layer: Add a protective layer such as aluminum foil or plastic film outside the aerogel insulation layer to prevent physical damage and moisture penetration.

[0227] The drainage system is used to ensure that water does not accumulate inside the water meter during cold weather conditions, reducing the risk of freezing;

[0228] Among them, the insulation performance calculation is: R is the insulation performance, d is the thickness of the insulation material, and k is the thermal conductivity of the material;

[0229] Heating demand calculation: Q = m·c·ΔT; Q is the heating demand, m is the mass of water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the temperature change;

[0230] Temperature gradient calculation: Where ΔT is the temperature gradient through the insulating material, Q is the amount of heat through the material, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the material;

[0231] Freeze Risk Assessment:P f=1-e -kf · t ; Among them, P f is the freezing probability, kf is the freezing coefficient, t is the time of exposure to low temperatures.

[0232] like Figure 8 Shown: A mind map of water meter disassembly and maintenance. The figure shows how to easily disassemble the various parts of the water meter for cleaning and maintenance.

[0233] Maintenance and repair interface: It is the central node to which all other components are directly related.

[0234] Easy-access inspection ports: Includes clear viewing windows and removable panels for real-time monitoring and quick access.

[0235] Modular design: includes rotor assembly, bearing assembly and sensor assembly, which allow tool-less replacement and pre-lubricated design.

[0236] Quick-release mechanisms: including snap, screw and hydraulic release, simplify operation and reduce maintenance time.

[0237] Maintain tool compatibility: including standard tool interfaces and special tool requirements to ensure versatility and professionalism.

[0238] Status indicators: including flow indication, fault alarm and maintenance cycle reminder, providing user-friendly, timely feedback and preventive maintenance information.

[0239] like Fig. 9 Shown: A mind map of the installation and use of a water meter. The figure shows how a water meter is installed in a practical application and how it is connected to other water system components.

[0240] Water meter installation and use: is the central node, all other components are directly related to it.

[0241] Installation steps: including positioning the water meter, connecting the pipes, checking the seals and starting the water meter, these steps ensure that the water meter is installed correctly and is ready to operate.

[0242] Connection accessories: including pipe adapters, seals, fasteners and bypass valves, these accessories ensure the water meter is properly connected to the pipe system.

[0243] Operation Instructions: Including operation manual, user guide and troubleshooting, providing users with guidance on how to operate and maintain the water meter.

[0244] Safety measures: including leak prevention measures, emergency shutdown procedures and protective devices to ensure the safety of water meters during use.

[0245] Maintenance plan: including regular inspections, cleaning cycles and parts replacement plans to ensure long-term stable operation of the water meter.

[0246] Example 1: Application of self-cleaning mechanism;

[0247] Purpose: To verify the efficiency of the self-cleaning mechanism under actual water conditions.

[0248] Steps: Material preparation: 316L stainless steel is selected as the rotor material, and a 100-nanometer-thick tungsten disulfide (WS2) nano-coating is applied on the rotor surface to enhance its wear resistance and reduce the friction coefficient.

[0249] Guide vane design: 4 forward-swept twisted blades are designed, each blade is gradually twisted from inlet to outlet to form a streamlined profile, and the installation angle is 25°.

[0250] Fluid dynamics simulation: Using CFD software to simulate the flow of water through a water surface, the blade design was adjusted until the simulation showed that the efficiency of removing impurities from the rotor surface reached more than 90%.

[0251] Prototyping: Produce a water meter prototype based on the simulation results, including rotors, guide vanes, and bearings.

[0252] Testing: The prototype was installed in a water supply system with poor water quality and operated continuously for 3 months, with regular checks on the cleanliness of the rotor surface and the metering accuracy of the water meter.

[0253] Analysis of results: After the test, the wear of the rotor surface and the metering data of the water meter were analyzed to confirm the effectiveness of the self-cleaning mechanism.

[0254] Results: The tests showed that the rotor surface remained clean and the water meter's measurement accuracy was within ±2%, proving the effectiveness of the self-cleaning mechanism.

[0255] Example 2: Performance test of anti-backflow device

[0256] Purpose: To test the performance of a new anti-backflow device under different water flow conditions.

[0257] Steps: Material selection: Select 316L stainless steel as the disc material of the check valve, and design a streamlined edge and double-leaf structure for the disc.

[0258] Spring design: Select compression spring for the check valve, the spring stiffness is 400N / m, and the preload force is 15N.

[0259] Fluid dynamics simulation: Use CFD to simulate the closing action of the check valve when the water flows in the opposite direction to ensure that the valve disc can be reliably closed at the minimum working pressure.

[0260] Prototyping: Produce a prototype of a water meter that includes a new anti-backflow device.

[0261] Test device: A bidirectional water flow test device is set up in the laboratory to simulate forward and reverse water flow conditions.

[0262] Performance testing: Test the water meter prototype under forward and reverse water flow conditions, and record the water meter’s response time and reverse flow error.

[0263] Data Analysis: Analyze test data and evaluate the performance of the anti-backflow device under different conditions.

[0264] Results: The test results show that under forward water flow conditions, the metering accuracy of the water meter remains within ±1%; under reverse water flow conditions, the check valve can be closed quickly and the backflow error is less than 0.5%, proving the effectiveness of the anti-backflow device.

[0265] The present invention discloses a frost-proof, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, which aims to solve the problems of wear, blockage, backflow error and low-temperature freezing encountered by traditional water meters in long-term operation; the water meter improves the measurement accuracy, durability and environmental adaptability through innovative mechanical design and material application; the main features include

[0266] Improve metering accuracy: Through the self-cleaning mechanism, the wear and stagnation of the rotor caused by impurities and sediments in the water flow are reduced, thereby improving the long-term stability and accuracy of the water meter;

[0267] Antifreeze performance: The use of special materials and structural designs, such as the insulation layer and heating elements inside the water meter, enhances the adaptability of the water meter in extremely low temperature environments and effectively prevents the water meter from breaking due to freezing of internal water;

[0268] Anti-backflow function: The new anti-backflow device, including a check valve and a one-way valve, ensures that water can only flow in one direction, avoiding the impact of water backflow on the metering accuracy;

[0269] Enhanced durability: Select high-performance materials, such as nano-coatings and precision ceramics, to improve the corrosion resistance, anti-adhesion and low-friction characteristics of the rotors and bearings, thereby extending the service life of the water meter;

[0270] Fluid dynamics optimization: Optimize the internal structure design of the water meter through CFD analysis, reduce head loss, and improve the accuracy of water flow measurement;

[0271] Improved response speed and lifespan: The multi-axial rotor system and magnetic levitation technology are used to reduce mechanical contact points, reduce friction, and improve the response speed and overall lifespan of the water meter;

[0272] Environmental adaptability: Considering the usage requirements under different climatic conditions, the water meter is designed to adapt to various water qualities and installation environments to ensure that the water meter can work stably in different environments;

[0273] Easy maintenance: The self-cleaning mechanism and easy disassembly design reduce the maintenance workload and maintenance costs of the water meter.

[0274] Improved reliability: Through long-term stability monitoring and durability testing, the reliability and durability of the water meter in the actual use environment are verified;

[0275] Energy-saving effect: Magnetic levitation technology and fluid dynamics optimization design reduce energy loss and improve the energy efficiency of the water meter.

Claims

1. A frost-proof, non-scaling, non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter, characterized by: It includes water inlet, anti-backflow device, self-cleaning mechanism, rotor system, magnetic suspension system, bearings, flow meter counter, water outlet, and maintenance port; The water inlet is connected to a water inlet filter for preliminary filtering of the incoming water; The anti-backflow device includes a check valve and a one-way valve, which are used to ensure that the water can only flow in one direction; The self-cleaning mechanism is used to automatically remove impurities from the rotor surface using a fluid dynamic design and cleaning blades; The rotor system comprises a rotor and a shaft, and is used to measure water flow; The magnetic suspension system includes magnets and sensors to reduce friction and improve accuracy and life; The bearing uses wear-resistant materials and low-friction coatings to improve durability; The flow meter counter includes a mechanical counter or an electronic counter for recording and displaying flow data; The water outlet is connected to a water outlet filter for filtering the outflowing water; The maintenance port is used to provide a cleaning tool access point and a component replacement interface to facilitate maintenance and repair.

2. The antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-cleaning mechanism includes a self-cleaning system, which uses the principles of fluid dynamics to guide the water flow through the water meter through specially designed guide vanes to generate rotational power, automatically remove impurities and sediments on the rotor and measuring surface, thereby reducing wear and improving metering accuracy; the specific principles are as follows: Fluid kinetic energy conversion: When water flows through the water meter, its kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy and kinetic energy, which is used to drive the rotor to rotate and remove impurities attached to the rotor and measuring surface; Forward-swept twisted blades: Specially shaped guide blades are set inside the water meter to optimize flow velocity distribution and enhance the shear force of the fluid, thereby removing impurities more effectively; Forward sweep: The leading edge of the blade is tilted forward, forming an angle of 15° to 30° with the flow direction of the fluid, which is used to reduce the resistance when the blade contacts the fluid, increase the impact force of the fluid, and thus improve the efficiency of removing impurities; Twisted shape: The blades gradually twist along the fluid flow direction from inlet to outlet to maintain uniform distribution of flow velocity, reduce fluid separation and vortex formation, and enhance fluid shear force on the entire blade surface; Streamlined profile: The cross section of the blade adopts a streamlined design to reduce fluid resistance and improve energy efficiency; Adjustable angle: The blade installation angle can be adjusted to adapt to different flow rates and water quality conditions to ensure the best self-cleaning effect; Number of blades: 4 to 6 guide blades are designed to ensure uniform distribution of fluid inside the water meter and sufficient rotor coverage; Fluid turbulence effect: The design induces turbulence in the water surface. The violent disturbance of turbulence helps to break up the sediments, making them easier to be carried away by the water flow. Among them, the fluid velocity and kinetic energy are calculated: Where v is the fluid velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the potential energy generated by the fluid pressure difference, and v0 is the initial velocity; Fluid pressure loss calculation: Where ΔP is the pressure loss, f is the friction factor, ρ is the fluid density, v is the flow velocity, and d is the pipe diameter; Turbulence intensity estimation: Where I is the turbulence intensity, v is the flow velocity, and v rms is the root mean square value of the flow velocity, indicating the severity of turbulence; Shear force calculation: Where τ is the shear force, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, is the gradient of flow velocity.

3. The antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter according to claim 1 is characterized by: The anti-backflow device includes a check valve and a one-way valve to ensure that water can only flow in one direction and prevent backflow, thereby avoiding affecting the measurement accuracy of the water meter; Among them, check valve: a check valve is an automatic valve that allows fluid to flow in one direction and closes when the fluid flows in the reverse direction. The check valve comprises a valve disc and a valve seat. The normal flow of the fluid causes the valve disc to open, while the reverse flow causes the valve disc to automatically close. Check valve: A check valve is a simple non-return device that controls the flow direction of a fluid through a valve port that can be opened in one direction. The check valve contains a spring or other mechanism to ensure that the valve port is closed under reverse fluid pressure; Among them, fluid pressure and flow rate calculation: Where P is the pressure of the fluid, ρ is the density of the fluid, and v is the velocity of the fluid; Valve opening force calculation: F = A P ΔP, where F is the force acting on the valve, A P is the valve disc area, ΔP is the fluid pressure difference; The valve uses a spring, spring force calculation: F s = kΔx, where F s is the spring force, k is the spring stiffness, △x is the displacement of the spring; Sealing performance evaluation: Among them, C d is the leakage rate determined by the valve design coefficient, A is the valve opening area, ΔP is the fluid pressure difference, and ρ is the density of the fluid.

4. The antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor and bearings are made of nano-coating and precision ceramic materials, which have excellent corrosion resistance, anti-adhesion and low friction properties, significantly improving the durability and metering accuracy of the water meter; The nano coating is tungsten disulfide WS2 nano coating; the precision ceramic material is zirconia, ZrO2.

5. The antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid dynamics optimization is as follows: by performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on the internal structure of the water meter, the flow channel design is optimized, the head loss is reduced, and the accuracy of water flow measurement and the response speed of the water meter are improved; the specific calculation is as follows: Continuity equation: ∫ inlet ρvdA=∫ outlet ρvdA, used to describe mass conservation, that is, the mass flow rates at the inlet and outlet are equal; Bernoulli equation: Used to describe the conservation of energy of a fluid, where P is pressure, v is flow velocity, and h is height; Turbulent kinetic energy equation: Used to describe the change in fluid momentum, where μ is the dynamic viscosity and F is the volume force; Navier-Stokes equations: Conservation of momentum used to describe fluid motion; The details are as follows: (1) Flow channel: By optimizing the shape and size of the flow channel, the energy loss of the fluid when passing through the water meter can be reduced, that is, the head loss can be reduced; Among them, shape: Involute profile: The inlet and outlet of the flow channel adopt an involute profile to help smooth the fluid transition and reduce the generation of vortices and turbulence; Streamline: The flow channel adopts a streamlined design to guide the fluid to pass smoothly and reduce the friction loss of the fluid; size: Diameter: For a DN20 water meter, the flow channel diameter should match the water meter diameter, usually around 20mm; Length: The length of the flow channel should be determined according to the overall size and design requirements of the water meter, usually 2 to 3 times the diameter of the water meter to ensure sufficient flow rate development and energy recovery; Related parameters: Flow channel roughness: The roughness of the inner wall of the flow channel should be controlled at a low level, Ra ≤ 0.4 microns; Inlet and outlet angles: The inlet and outlet angles of the flow channel should match the fluid flow direction, using 45° to 60°; Turning radius: Any turn in the flow channel should have a sufficient radius to avoid sharp turns of the fluid and the generation of vortices; (2) Fluid velocity distribution: Ensure that the velocity distribution of the fluid passing through the water meter is uniform to improve the measurement accuracy of water flow; (3) Turbulence and laminar flow control: By designing and controlling the flow state of the fluid, the energy loss and measurement error caused by turbulence can be reduced.

6. The antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor system adopts a multi-axial rotor system to adapt to the impact of water flow in different directions and maintain the metering accuracy; at the same time, the magnetic suspension technology is applied to suspend the rotor, eliminate the mechanical contact point, reduce friction, and improve the response speed and life of the water meter; The magnetic suspension system consists of: Magnet: Use permanent magnet, NdFeB magnet, which has high magnetic energy product and stability; Sensor: used to monitor the rotor position in real time to ensure that it remains in the correct suspension state; the sensor includes a Hall effect sensor, a photoelectric sensor or an electromagnetic induction sensor; Controller: processes sensor signals and adjusts magnetic force to maintain stable suspension of the rotor; the controller can use PID control algorithm; Among them, magnetic calculation: F is the magnetic force, B is the magnetic field strength, A is the area of ​​the magnet, and μ0 is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum; Suspension force calculation: F lift is the suspension force, F drag is the resistance caused by the water flow; Rotor dynamics analysis: τ=ρ×A×v 2 ×C L ; τ is the torque on the rotor, ρ is the fluid density, A is the rotor area, v is the flow velocity, C L is the lift coefficient; System stability analysis: △P is the pressure difference, A in and A out are the cross-sectional areas of the inlet and outlet respectively.

7. The antifreeze, non-scaling and non-backflow rotary-wing ceramic bearing mechanical water meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor type, The meter also contains insulation and drainage systems; The insulation material comprises selecting a suitable aerogel type and density according to the specific application environment and insulation requirements of the water meter; designing the thickness of the aerogel insulation layer to ensure that a good insulation effect can be maintained at the expected lowest temperature; cutting the aerogel into appropriate sizes and fixing it to the outside or inside of the water meter to reduce heat loss; adding a protective layer outside the aerogel insulation layer, including aluminum foil or plastic film, to prevent physical damage and moisture penetration; The drainage system is used to ensure that water does not accumulate inside the water meter during cold weather conditions, reducing the risk of freezing; Among them, the insulation performance calculation is: R is the insulation performance, d is the thickness of the insulation material, and k is the thermal conductivity of the material; Heating demand calculation: Q = m·c·ΔT; Q is the heating demand, m is the mass of water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the temperature change; Temperature gradient calculation: Where ΔT is the temperature gradient through the insulating material, Q is the amount of heat through the material, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the material; Freeze Risk Assessment:P f =1-e -kf·t ; Among them, P f is the freezing probability, kf is the freezing coefficient, and t is the time of exposure to low temperature.

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