A meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in small-scale space near the surface

Abstract

The present invention discloses a meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface, and belongs to the technical fields of ecological environment protection, urban design, and national space planning. The determination method determines the conditions of buildings, vegetation, and the like on the surface of the space through digital restoration, combines the data of ground meteorological stations in the season prone to ozone pollution, adopts CFD method fluid mechanics and thermodynamic exchange, simulates the main meteorological factors in the small-scale space near the surface, calculates the meteorological condition index for O3 pollution generation of each spatial unit in the determination area, screens out the unit grid with a larger meteorological condition index, outputs visualization results, and prompts the area prone to O3 pollution. Combined with planning and construction restriction factors, the solution to the problem of near-surface O3 pollution is advanced to the urban planning and design stage, the design scheme is optimized, the ecological concept of scientific and fine control is introduced, and finally the decision-making of the human-computer interaction process is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical fields of ecological environment protection, urban design and national land space planning, and in particular relates to a meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the background concentration of ozone (hereinafter referred to as O3) in my country has been about 2-3 μg / m 3 The speed of O3 pollution is increasing. When the concentration of O3 near the ground in the troposphere is too high, it will affect human health and the ecosystem. Exposure to high concentrations of O3 will affect the human respiratory tract, cardiovascular and immune systems. In addition to the emission of precursor pollutants, meteorological conditions such as near-surface temperature, solar shortwave radiation, humidity and wind environment are also important factors affecting the generation of O3 pollution.

[0003] Urban design and national land space planning need to consider the coordinated relationship between ecological environmental protection and economic and social development. How to integrate the value of the ecological environment into the overall planning and design ideas to ensure a win-win situation for development, ecological environment and human health is the main direction of future urban development. The method for determining the meteorological conditions of O3 pollution near the human breathing zone in near-surface space dominated by construction land can be implemented in conjunction with the construction of new cities in urban space and the renovation of old cities, and optimize the spatial microclimate conditions from the perspective of improving pollutant diffusion and reducing pollutant generation. The current methods for integrating ecological environmental values ​​into planning and urban design are mainly environmental impact assessment and "three lines and one list" spatial control. There are the following limitations:

[0004] First, since ecological environment is highly specialized and data collection is difficult, it is necessary to entrust a professional organization to conduct analysis, which consumes high manpower, economic and time costs. In addition, the technical requirements of environmental impact assessment have not yet clearly included the impact of near-surface O3 pollution in the analysis content, resulting in this environmental issue being easily overlooked during the planning and urban construction project stages.

[0005] Second, the work system involves multiple disciplines such as planning, urban construction, meteorology and ecological environment. The respective competent departments have different focuses, which easily leads to information asymmetry;

[0006] Third, due to the complex microclimate environment in the near-surface space, the microclimate conditions in each space are different due to the large differences in elements such as buildings, surfaces, and vegetation, and the tracing of small-scale spatial pollution sources also faces great difficulties. At present, there are few research results on the meteorological conditions for the generation of O3 pollution in the near-surface space, and planners and designers have limited references for determining the meteorological conditions for O3 pollution and optimizing spatial microclimate.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to break through the limitations of multiple professional methods, grasp the main meteorological factors that generate O3 pollution in small-scale spaces near the urban surface, determine the O3 pollution potential, and propose design reference paths to optimize spatial microclimate, so as to achieve scientific and efficient planning and design, and serve the fine control of space. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in small-scale space near the surface, which solves the problem that the existing planning, design and construction projects are limited in integrating the concept of ecological environmental protection.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A method for determining meteorological ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface is provided, which comprises:

[0011] Step 1: Obtain remote sensing images of the spatial area to be judged and its surrounding areas, and establish a digital judgment space;

[0012] Step 2: Obtain meteorological data from ground meteorological stations around the spatial area to be determined, select hourly data of the season when near-surface O3 pollution is prone to occur, and use the hourly data as meteorological factors;

[0013] Step 3: Divide the digital judgment space into several spatial unit grids; the specific size of each spatial unit grid can be designed by yourself, usually 2m×2m×2m, to avoid designing the spatial unit grid size too large, otherwise it will affect the accuracy of meteorological simulation.

[0014] Step 4: Bring the meteorological factors into the computational fluid dynamics model to obtain the meteorological factors at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid in the digital determination space;

[0015] Step 5, selecting the main meteorological factors that cause O3 pollution generation from the meteorological factors in step 4, and calculating the deviation values ​​between each main meteorological factor and the typical O3 pollution generation meteorological conditions in each time period, and summing up the deviation values ​​to obtain the O3 pollution generation meteorological condition index;

[0016] Step 6: Filter out the spatial unit grids whose O3 pollution-generating meteorological condition index values ​​in the digital judgment space are greater than the warning value, and highlight the filtered spatial unit grids in red and output prompt information in a visual manner, indicating that the meteorological conditions in the area corresponding to the filtered spatial unit grids are prone to generate O3 pollution;

[0017] Step 7: Planning and design personnel adjust the spatial layout of the proposed spatial area according to the output prompt information to achieve human-computer interaction process decision-making.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 1, the method for establishing a digital decision space includes:

[0019] Step 1.1, obtain multispectral remote sensing images with a resolution higher than 1m for the spatial area to be judged and its surrounding areas, and conduct on-site verification and supplementation, obtain spatial vector data from the local planning or construction authorities, enter them into the geographic information space system, and establish a spatial database;

[0020] Step 1.2: Combined with the on-site investigation, the detailed data of the buildings, plants, roads and surface conditions of the space to be judged are supplemented and improved in the spatial database to establish the digital judgment space.

[0021] Further, in step 2, the hourly data include wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, total cloud cover, low cloud cover pressure, precipitation, shortwave radiation and dew point temperature during the near-surface O3 pollution prone season from May to September.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 3, before dividing the digital determination space into a plurality of spatial unit grids, the atmospheric boundary layer, inflow boundary and upper boundary of the digital determination space are determined; the atmospheric boundary layer of the digital determination space is calculated using a one-dimensional boundary model, and then the inflow boundary and upper boundary of the digital determination space are determined based on the atmospheric boundary layer.

[0023] Further, in step 4, the computational fluid dynamics model includes an atmospheric wind field model, an atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model, and a radiation model;

[0024] The atmospheric wind field model uses the Navier-Stokes equation to calculate the three-dimensional vortex air flow in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the Navier-Stokes equation is:

[0025]

[0026] in, It represents the term of change of local gas pollutants over time; represents the advection term; represents the pollutant change caused by turbulence; Q X (x, y, z) represents the source term; S X (x, y, z) represents the sink term, which represents the absorption, transformation and deposition of pollutants during the transport and diffusion process;

[0027] The atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model simulates the heat exchange process between buildings and other surfaces in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model is:

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] Where θ is the atmospheric potential temperature; q is the atmospheric specific humidity, in g / kg; K h , K q is the turbulent sensible heat and water vapor exchange coefficient; c p is the specific heat capacity of the atmosphere; ρ is the atmospheric density; R iw is the net long-wave radiation energy; Q h and Q q For the exchange of heat and water vapor between the atmosphere and plants;

[0031] The radiation model simulates the absorption, reflection and scattering of solar short-wave radiation and surface long-wave radiation in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the radiation model is:

[0032] σ sw, =e F*LAI(z)

[0033]

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Among them, σ sw, ,σ sw, , are the exponential attenuation coefficients of plants to direct solar radiation, scattered solar radiation, upward and downward long-wave radiation; LAI is the leaf area index, F is the leaf orientation coefficient, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.

[0037] Furthermore, in step 5, the main meteorological factors are the temperature, wind speed, shortwave radiation and relative humidity at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid.

[0038] Furthermore, in step 5, the calculation formula for the deviation value of each main meteorological factor in each time period in each spatial unit grid is:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Among them, T s is the temperature index, T i is the air temperature 2m near the surface of each spatial unit grid; RH sis the relative humidity index, RH i WS is the wind speed at 2m near the ground surface for each spatial unit grid; s is the wind speed index, WS i is the wind speed 2m near the ground surface for each spatial unit grid; SW s is the shortwave radiation index, SW i is the shortwave radiation at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid; a and b are the correction coefficients of relative humidity and wind speed, which are 0.1 and 0.0667 respectively;

[0044] The calculation formula for the meteorological condition index of O3 pollution generation is:

[0045] OPMCI=T S +RH S +WS S +SW S

[0046] Among them, OPMCI is the meteorological condition index generated by O3 pollution.

[0047] Further, in step 6, the warning value is 1.5.

[0048] Furthermore, in step 7, the planning and design personnel analyze various restrictive factors such as the planned building height, scale, floor area, greening rate, etc. according to the output prompt information, and then weigh the pros and cons of the demands of all parties in the planning to determine whether to adjust the spatial layout, optimize the design plan, and finally realize the decision-making of the human-computer interaction process.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface in the present invention is different from the technical method of integrating the concept of ecological environmental protection into the existing planning, design and construction projects. It determines the surface buildings, vegetation and other conditions of the space by digital restoration, combines the ground meteorological station data in the season prone to ozone pollution, and uses CFD method fluid mechanics and thermodynamic exchange to simulate the main meteorological factors of the small-scale space near the surface; calculates the O3 pollution generation meteorological condition index (OPMCI) of each spatial unit in the determination area, screens out the unit grid with a larger OPMCI, outputs the visualization results, and prompts the area prone to generate O3 pollution; according to the output prompt information, combined with the planning and construction restriction factors, and then weighs the pros and cons of the demands of all parties, it is determined whether to adjust the spatial layout, optimize the design plan, and finally realize the decision-making of the human-computer interaction process. It can break through the information gap barriers of multiple professional systems such as planning, urban construction, meteorology and ecological environment, and advance the solution of the near-surface O3 pollution problem to the urban planning and design stage. The planning and design designers will comprehensively consider the demands of various aspects of spatial planning, and finally determine the optimization plan, introducing the ecological concept of scientific and fine control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in small-scale space near the surface.

[0051] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the digital decision space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0053] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface, which comprises:

[0054] Step 1: Obtain remote sensing images of the spatial area to be determined and its surrounding areas, and establish a digital determination space. Specifically, the method for establishing a digital determination space is as follows: Step 1.1: Obtain multispectral remote sensing images of the spatial area to be determined and its surrounding areas with a resolution higher than 1m, and conduct on-site verification and supplementation, obtain spatial vector data from the local planning or construction authorities, enter them into the geographic information space system, and establish a spatial database;

[0055] Step 1.2: Combined with the on-site investigation, the detailed data of the buildings, plants, roads and surface conditions of the space to be judged are supplemented and improved in the spatial database to establish the digital judgment space.

[0056] Step 2: Obtain meteorological data from ground meteorological stations around the spatial area to be determined, select hourly data of the season when near-surface O3 pollution is prone to occur in the meteorological data, and use the hourly data as meteorological factors; specifically, the hourly data include wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, total cloud cover, low cloud cover pressure, precipitation, shortwave radiation and dew point temperature in the season from May to September when near-surface O3 pollution is prone to occur.

[0057] Step 3: Divide the digital judgment space into several spatial unit grids; Figure 2 As shown, before dividing the digital judgment space into a number of spatial unit grids, the atmospheric boundary layer, inflow boundary and upper boundary of the digital judgment space are determined; the atmospheric boundary layer of the digital judgment space is calculated using a one-dimensional boundary model, and then the inflow boundary and upper boundary of the digital judgment space are determined based on the atmospheric boundary layer.

[0058] Step 4: Bring the meteorological factors into the computational fluid dynamics model and use CFD simulation software to obtain the meteorological factors at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid in the digital determination space.

[0059] Specifically, the computational fluid dynamics model includes an atmospheric wind field model, an atmospheric temperature and humidity field model, and a radiation model;

[0060] The atmospheric wind field model uses the Navier-Stokes equation to calculate the three-dimensional vortex air flow in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the Navier-Stokes equation is:

[0061]

[0062] in, It represents the term of change of local gas pollutants over time; represents the advection term; represents the pollutant change caused by turbulence; Q X (x, y, z) represents the source term; S X (x, y, z) represents the sink term, which represents the absorption, transformation and deposition of pollutants during the transport and diffusion process;

[0063] The atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model simulates the heat exchange process between buildings and other surfaces in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model is:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Where θ is the atmospheric potential temperature; q is the atmospheric specific humidity, in g / kg; K h , K q is the turbulent sensible heat and water vapor exchange coefficient; c p is the specific heat capacity of the atmosphere; ρ is the atmospheric density; R iw is the net long-wave radiation energy; Q h and Q q For the exchange of heat and water vapor between the atmosphere and plants;

[0067] The radiation model simulates the absorption, reflection and scattering of solar short-wave radiation and surface long-wave radiation in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the radiation model is:

[0068] σ sw, =e F*LAI(z)

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Among them, σ sw, ,σ sw, , are the exponential attenuation coefficients of plants to direct solar radiation, scattered solar radiation, upward and downward long-wave radiation; LAI is the leaf area index, F is the leaf orientation coefficient, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.

[0073] Step 5: Select the main meteorological factors that cause O3 pollution generation from the meteorological factors in step 4. The main meteorological factors are the temperature, wind speed, shortwave radiation and relative humidity at 2m near the surface of each spatial unit grid.

[0074] Calculate the deviation between each main meteorological factor and the typical meteorological conditions for O3 pollution generation in each period, and add up the deviation values ​​to obtain the O3 pollution generation meteorological condition index; specifically, the calculation formula for the deviation value of each main meteorological factor in each period in each spatial unit grid is:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Among them, T s is the temperature index, T i is the air temperature 2m near the surface of each spatial unit grid; RH s is the relative humidity index, RH i WS is the wind speed at 2m near the ground surface for each spatial unit grid; s is the wind speed index, WS i is the wind speed 2m near the ground surface for each spatial unit grid; SW s is the shortwave radiation index, SW i is the shortwave radiation at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid; a and b are the correction coefficients of relative humidity and wind speed, which are 0.1 and 0.0667 respectively;

[0080] The calculation formula for the meteorological condition index of O3 pollution generation is:

[0081] OPMCI=T S +RH S +WS S +SW S

[0082] Among them, OPMCI is the meteorological condition index generated by O3 pollution.

[0083] Step 6: Filter out the spatial unit grids whose O3 pollution-generating meteorological condition index values ​​in the digital judgment space are greater than the warning value, and the warning value is 1.5. The filtered spatial unit grids are highlighted in red and a prompt message is output in a visual manner, indicating that the meteorological conditions in the area corresponding to the filtered spatial unit grids are prone to generate O3 pollution;

[0084] Step 7. Planners and designers analyze various limiting factors such as building height, scale, floor area, greening rate, etc. based on the output prompt information, and then weigh the pros and cons of all parties involved in the planning to determine whether to adjust the spatial layout, optimize the design plan, and ultimately make decisions through human-computer interaction.

[0085] In summary, the meteorological determination method of ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface in the present invention is different from the technical method of integrating the concept of ecological environment protection into the existing planning, design and construction projects. It determines the surface buildings, vegetation and other conditions of the space by digital restoration, combines the ground meteorological station data in the season prone to ozone pollution, and uses CFD method fluid mechanics and thermodynamic exchange to simulate the main meteorological factors of the small-scale space near the surface; calculates the O3 pollution generation meteorological condition index (OPMCI) of each spatial unit in the determination area, screens out the unit grid with a larger OPMCI, outputs the visualization results, and prompts the area prone to O3 pollution; according to the output prompt information, combined with the planning and construction restriction factors, and then weighs the pros and cons of the demands of all parties, it is determined whether to adjust the spatial layout, optimize the design plan, and finally realize the decision-making of the human-computer interaction process. It can break through the information gap barriers of multiple professional systems such as planning, urban construction, meteorology and ecological environment, and advance the solution of the near-surface O3 pollution problem to the urban planning and design stage. The planning and design designers will comprehensively consider the demands of all aspects of spatial planning, and finally determine the optimization plan, introducing the ecological concept of scientific and fine control.

Claims

1. A meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Obtain remote sensing images of the spatial area to be judged and its surrounding areas, and establish a digital judgment space; Step 2, obtain the meteorological data of the ground meteorological stations around the spatial area to be determined, select the hourly data of the season prone to near-surface O3 pollution in the meteorological data, and use the hourly data as the meteorological factor; the hourly data include wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, total cloud cover, low cloud cover pressure, precipitation, shortwave radiation and dew point temperature in the season prone to near-surface O3 pollution from May to September; Step 3, dividing the digital determination space into a plurality of spatial unit grids; Step 4: Bring the meteorological factors into the computational fluid dynamics model to obtain the meteorological factors at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid in the digital determination space; Step 5, selecting the main meteorological factors that cause O3 pollution generation from the meteorological factors in step 4, and calculating the deviation values ​​between each main meteorological factor and the typical O3 pollution generation meteorological conditions in each time period, and summing up the deviation values ​​to obtain the O3 pollution generation meteorological condition index; Step 6: Filter out the spatial unit grids whose O3 pollution-generating meteorological condition index values ​​in the digital judgment space are greater than the warning value, and highlight the filtered spatial unit grids in red and output prompt information in a visual manner, indicating that the meteorological conditions in the area corresponding to the filtered spatial unit grids are prone to generate O3 pollution; Step 7: Planning and design personnel adjust the spatial layout of the proposed spatial area according to the output prompt information to achieve human-computer interaction process decision-making.

2. The meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the method of establishing a digital decision space includes: Step 1.1, obtain multispectral remote sensing images with a resolution higher than 1m for the spatial area to be judged and its surrounding areas, and conduct on-site verification and supplementation, obtain spatial vector data from the local planning or construction authorities, enter them into the geographic information space system, and establish a spatial database; Step 1.2: Combined with the on-site investigation, the detailed data of the buildings, plants, roads and surface conditions of the space to be judged are supplemented and improved in the spatial database to establish the digital judgment space.

3. The meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step 3, before dividing the digital decision space into a plurality of spatial unit grids, the atmospheric boundary layer, the inflow boundary and the upper boundary of the digital decision space are determined; The one-dimensional boundary model is used to calculate the atmospheric boundary layer of the digital judgment space, and then the inflow boundary and upper boundary of the digital judgment space are determined according to the atmospheric boundary layer.

4. The meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step 4, the computational fluid dynamics model includes an atmospheric wind field model, an atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model, and a radiation model; The atmospheric wind field model uses the Navier-Stokes equation to calculate the three-dimensional vortex air flow in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the Navier-Stokes equation is: in, It represents the term of change of local gas pollutants over time; represents the advection term; represents the pollutant change caused by turbulence; Q X (x, y, z) represents the source term; S X (x, y, z) represents the sink term, which represents the absorption, transformation and deposition of pollutants during the transport and diffusion process; The atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model simulates the heat exchange process between buildings and other surfaces in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the atmospheric temperature field and humidity field model is: Where θ is the atmospheric potential temperature; q is the atmospheric specific humidity, in g / kg; K h , K q is the turbulent sensible heat and water vapor exchange coefficient; c p is the specific heat capacity of the atmosphere; ρ is the atmospheric density; R iw is the net long-wave radiation energy; Q h and Q q For the exchange of heat and water vapor between the atmosphere and plants; The radiation model simulates the absorption, reflection and scattering of solar short-wave radiation and surface long-wave radiation in each spatial unit grid. The expression of the radiation model is: Among them, σ sw,dir ,σ sw,dif , are the exponential attenuation coefficients of plants to direct solar radiation, scattered solar radiation, upward and downward long-wave radiation; LAI is the leaf area index, F is the leaf orientation coefficient, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.

5. The meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step 5, the main meteorological factors are the air temperature, wind speed, shortwave radiation and relative humidity at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid.

6. The meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step 5, the calculation formula for the deviation value of each main meteorological factor in each time period in each spatial unit grid is: Among them, T s is the temperature index, T i is the air temperature 2m near the surface of each spatial unit grid; RH s is the relative humidity index, RH i WS is the wind speed at 2m near the ground surface for each spatial unit grid; s is the wind speed index, WS i is the wind speed 2m near the ground surface for each spatial unit grid; SW s is the shortwave radiation index, SW i is the shortwave radiation at 2 m near the surface of each spatial unit grid; a and b are the correction coefficients of relative humidity and wind speed, which are 0.1 and 0.0667 respectively; The calculation formula for the meteorological condition index of O3 pollution generation is: OPMCI=T S +RH S +WS S +SW S Among them, OPMCI is the meteorological condition index generated by O3 pollution.

7. The meteorological determination method for ozone pollution in a small-scale space near the surface according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step 6, the warning value is 1.5.

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