Method for improving pollination rate of rhizoma atractylodis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pollination. The invention provides a method for improving the pollination rate of rhizoma atractylodis chinensis, which comprises the following steps: (1) transplanting rhizoma atractylodis chinensis seed balls, dressing compound fertilizer after seedling emergence, and spraying plant hormone after flower buds are formed; and (2) at the initial flowering stage of the rhizoma atractylodis chinensis, smearing the cactus liquid on stigmas of female plants, and pollinating. The compound fertilizer and the plant hormones are combined to provide nutrients for growth and development of the rhizoma atractylodis chinensis, nutrient absorption is enhanced, growth and development are promoted, pollen germination and pollen tube extension of the rhizoma atractylodis chinensis can be promoted, and pollination is facilitated; the cactus liquid is beneficial to adhesion of pollen to stigma and is not easy to fall off. According to the technical scheme, the pollination of the rhizoma atractylodis chinensis can be promoted synergistically from multiple aspects, so that the seed yield of the rhizoma atractylodis chinensis is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pollination, and in particular to a method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes lancea. Background Art

[0002] Atractylodes macrocephala, Asteraceae, perennial herb. Rhizome is hypertrophic and tuberous; stem is single or slightly divergent at the top; leaves are alternate, the lower leaves are spoon-shaped, the base is winged petiole-shaped, the base is cuneate to round, the edge has discontinuous thorn-like teeth, the teeth are flat, and the leaves are leathery and smooth. The head inflorescence grows at the top of the stem tip, the base leaf-like bracts are lanceolate, the edge is long pectinate, slightly shorter than the head flower; the involucre is long cup-shaped, the involucre leaves are 7-8 rows, with fine hairs, tubular flowers; the corolla is white. Achenes are long, densely covered with silvery white soft hairs, and the pappus is feathery; the flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is August-October. Atractylodes macrocephala is native to China and is mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces. There are also wild resources distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other places. The "Shandong Medicinal Plants" records: Atractylodes macrocephala, pungent, bitter, and warm. It dries dampness and strengthens the spleen, dispels wind and cold, and improves eyesight. It is used for dampness blocking the middle burner, abdominal distension, diarrhea, edema, rheumatic pain, wind-cold exopathogensis, night blindness, and blurred vision.

[0003] Atractylodes lancea is a dioecious plant, which is generally pollinated by wind, insects, etc. The pollination rate is low and the pollination time is long. Even in the early frost stage, all pollination is not completed, which greatly affects the propagation and yield of Atractylodes lancea. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes lancea. The technical scheme of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of Atractylodes lancea, enhance nutrient absorption, promote growth and development, and promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation of Atractylodes lancea, which is beneficial to pollination; it can also help pollen adhere to the stigma and not fall off easily; multiple aspects can synergistically promote the pollination of Atractylodes lancea and improve the seed yield of Atractylodes lancea.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes lancea, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Apply compound fertilizer after the bulbs of Atractylodes lancea are transplanted and seedlings emerge, and spray plant hormones after flower buds are formed;

[0008] (2) When the Atractylodes macrocephala begins to bloom, apply the cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant and perform pollination;

[0009] The pollination method includes artificial pollination and / or bee pollination.

[0010] Preferably, the compound fertilizer in step (1) comprises phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound microbial agent, and the mass ratio of the phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound microbial agent is (3-5):(4-6):(0.8-1.2).

[0011] Preferably, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 15-18 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of (0.7-1.1):(0.5-0.8):(0.8-1.2).

[0013] Preferably, the plant hormones in step (1) include gibberellins and / or auxins.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation process of the cactus liquid in step (2) comprises: squeezing the cactus to obtain the cactus juice, mixing it with PBS buffer, and centrifuging it to obtain the cactus juice.

[0015] Preferably, the volume ratio of the cactus juice to the PBS buffer is (0.5-1):(10-15).

[0016] Preferably, the pollination time is 9:00-10:00 and / or 14:00-16:00.

[0017] Preferably, the density of the bees is 8-20 / m 2 .

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In the technical solution of the present invention, the application of compound fertilizer can ensure the sufficient nutrient demand of Atractylodes macrocephala during the growth and development stage, wherein the addition of compound microbial agents plays a certain role in the prevention and treatment of pathogenic microbial diseases, preventing the reproduction of pathogens in the soil and the invasion of plant roots; it can also regulate soil nutrients, improve soil fertility and microbial activity. The use of plant hormones can effectively promote the growth and development of Atractylodes macrocephala, promote the germination of pollen and the elongation of pollen tubes, and can also advance the flowering period; in addition, the influence of the early frost stage on the pollination of the flowering period of Atractylodes macrocephala is also avoided as much as possible. Cactus liquid is conducive to the adhesion of pollen to the stigma, which is not easy to fall. Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention can synergistically promote the pollination of Atractylodes macrocephala from many aspects such as internal and external aspects, thereby increasing the seed yield of Atractylodes macrocephala. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention provides a method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes lancea, comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) transplanting the bulbs of Atractylodes lancea, applying compound fertilizer after germination, and spraying plant hormones after flower buds are formed;

[0022] (2) When the Atractylodes macrocephala begins to bloom, apply cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant and perform pollination.

[0023] In the present invention, the bulbs of Atractylodes macrocephala are transplanted and planted, and after germination and emergence for 40-50 days, compound fertilizer is applied, wherein the compound fertilizer preferably includes phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and composite microbial agent, wherein the phosphate fertilizer preferably includes diammonium phosphate or superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer preferably includes potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate or potassium humate, and the composite microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis. The Bacillus subtilis described in the present invention can inhibit the growth and metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby affecting the survival and activity of pathogenic microorganisms; it can also regulate soil nutrients and change the structure of soil microbial flora. The Bacillus licheniformis described in the present invention can dissolve mycelium, break and disintegrate pathogenic mycelium, and also has a dissolving effect on the fine spore wall of pathogenic spores; prevent the reproduction of pathogens in the soil and the invasion of plant roots; and can also decompose organic matter to improve soil fertility and microbial activity.

[0024] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and the Bacillus licheniformis is preferably (0.7-1.1):(0.5-0.8):(0.8-1.2), further preferably (0.8-1.05):(0.6-0.75):(0.85-1.1), and further preferably 0.9:0.65:1. The mass ratio of the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the composite microbial agent in the present invention is preferably (3-5):(4-6):(0.8-1.2), further preferably (3.5-4.8):(4.5-5.5):(0.9-1.1), and further preferably 4.5:5:1.1. The application amount of the composite fertilizer in the present invention is preferably 15-18 kg / mu, further preferably 15.5-17.5 kg / mu, and further preferably 17 kg / mu.

[0025] In the present invention, after the Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings grow to form flower buds, plant hormones are sprayed around the flower buds and branches. The plant hormones in the present invention include gibberellins and / or auxins, and the use concentration of the plant hormones is preferably 8-15ppm, further preferably 9-13ppm, and further preferably 11ppm. When the plant hormones in the present invention are gibberellins and auxins, the mass ratio of the gibberellins to the auxins is preferably 1:(0.4-0.8), further preferably 1:(0.5-0.7), and further preferably 1:0.6.

[0026] In the present invention, after the growth of Atractylodes macrocephala to bloom, the cactus liquid is applied to the female plant stigma and pollinated. The preparation process of the cactus liquid in the present invention includes: squeezing the cactus to obtain the cactus juice, mixing with the PBS buffer and centrifuging. In the present invention, the thorns on the surface of the cactus are removed and squeezed to obtain the cactus juice, which is then mixed with the PBS buffer. The volume ratio of the cactus juice to the PBS buffer is preferably (0.5-1): (10-15), further preferably (0.6-0.9): (11-14), and further preferably 0.8: 13. After the mixing is completed in the present invention, centrifugation is performed, and the speed of the centrifugation is preferably 8000-10000r / min, further preferably 8500-9500r / min, and further preferably 9000r / min; the time of the centrifugation is preferably 5-10min, further preferably 6-9min, and further preferably 8min. The cactus liquid is applied in the present invention to make the female plant stigma have a certain degree of adhesion, so that pollen is more easily adhered when it contacts the female plant stigma, thereby improving the pollination quality.

[0027] In the present invention, after applying the cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant, pollination is performed, and the pollination method includes artificial pollination, bee pollination, and artificial pollination combined with bee pollination. The pollination time in the present invention is preferably 9:00-10:00 and / or 14:00-16:00. When pollinating in the morning, the pollination time is 9:00-10:00; when pollinating in the afternoon, the pollination time is 14:00-16:00; when pollinating throughout the day, the pollination time is 9:00-10:00 and 14:00-16:00.

[0028] In the present invention, the artificial pollination method is preferably to use a soft small brush or cotton ball to gently dip the stamen and stigma of each flower.

[0029] In the present invention, the density of the bees is preferably 8-20 / m 2 In the present invention, when the pollination method is only to release bees for pollination, the density of released bees is preferably 15-20 bees / m 2 , further preferably 16-19 / m 2 When the pollination method is artificial pollination combined with bee pollination, the density of bees is preferably 8-12 / m 2 , further preferably 9-11 / m 2 .

[0030] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes macrocephala, comprising the following steps:

[0033] (1) Planting and transplanting Atractylodes lancea bulbs, after germination and emergence for 45 days, applying compound fertilizer at a rate of 17 kg / mu, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of diammonium phosphate, potassium humate and composite microbial agent in a mass ratio of 4.5:5:1.1, and the composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 0.9:0.65:1;

[0034] (2) After the Atractylodes lancea seedlings grew to form flower buds, a plant hormone consisting of gibberellin and auxin in a mass ratio of 1:0.6 was sprayed around the flower buds and branches at a concentration of 11 ppm;

[0035] (3) removing the thorns on the surface of the cactus and squeezing the juice to obtain the cactus juice, which was then mixed with PBS buffer at a volume ratio of 0.8:13, and centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 8 min to obtain the cactus liquid;

[0036] (4) After the Atractylodes macrocephala blooms, apply cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant, and then use a combination of artificial pollination and bee release to carry out pollination throughout the day between 9:00-10:00 and 14:00-16:00. The density of bees released is 9 / m 2 .

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes macrocephala, comprising the following steps:

[0039] (1) Planting and transplanting Atractylodes lancea bulbs, after germination and emergence for 45 days, applying compound fertilizer at a rate of 15 kg / mu, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and composite microbial agent in a mass ratio of 3:6:1.1, and the composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 0.7:0.5:1.2;

[0040] (2) After the Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings grew to form flower buds, spray gibberellin at a concentration of 13 ppm around the flower buds and branches;

[0041] (3) removing the thorns on the surface of the cactus and squeezing the juice to obtain the cactus juice, which was then mixed with PBS buffer at a volume ratio of 0.5:15, and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min to obtain the cactus liquid;

[0042] (4) After the Atractylodes macrocephala blooms, apply cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant, and then use artificial pollination to pollinate throughout the day during the time periods of 9:00-10:00 and 14:00-16:00.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes macrocephala, comprising the following steps:

[0045] (1) Planting and transplanting Atractylodes lancea bulbs, after germination and emergence for 45 days, applying compound fertilizer at a dosage of 18 kg / mu, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and composite microbial agent in a mass ratio of 5:4:1.2, and the composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 1.1:0.8:1.2;

[0046] (2) After the Atractylodes lancea seedlings grow to form flower buds, spray auxin at a concentration of 8 ppm around the flower buds and branches;

[0047] (3) removing the thorns on the surface of the cactus and squeezing the juice to obtain the cactus juice, which was then mixed with PBS buffer at a volume ratio of 1:10 and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min to obtain the cactus liquid;

[0048] (4) After the Atractylodes macrocephala blooms, apply cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant, and then use bees to pollinate throughout the day between 9:00-10:00 and 14:00-16:00. The density of bees is 20 / m 2 .

[0049] Example 4

[0050] A method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes macrocephala, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) Planting and transplanting Atractylodes lancea bulbs, after germination and emergence for 45 days, applying compound fertilizer at a rate of 17 kg / mu, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of diammonium phosphate, potassium humate and composite microbial agent in a mass ratio of 4.5:6:0.8, and the composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 1.1:0.5:0.8;

[0052] (2) After the Atractylodes lancea seedlings grew to form flower buds, a plant hormone consisting of gibberellin and auxin in a mass ratio of 1:0.8 was sprayed around the flower buds and branches at a concentration of 11 ppm;

[0053] (3) removing the thorns on the surface of the cactus and squeezing the juice to obtain the cactus juice, which was then mixed with PBS buffer at a volume ratio of 0.8:13, and centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 8 min to obtain the cactus liquid;

[0054] (4) After the Atractylodes macrocephala blooms, apply cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant, and then use a combination of artificial pollination and bee release to carry out pollination throughout the day between 9:00-10:00 and 14:00-16:00. The density of bees released is 8 / m 2 .

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] As in Example 1, only “the compound fertilizer consists of diammonium phosphate, potassium humate and a composite microbial agent in a mass ratio of 4.5:5:1.1, and the composite microbial agent consists of Bacillus subtilis, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 0.9:0.65:1” is replaced by “the compound fertilizer consists of diammonium phosphate and potassium humate in a mass ratio of 4.5:5”.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] Same as Example 1, except that the plant hormone is not sprayed.

[0059] Comparative Example 3

[0060] The same as in Example 1, except that the cactus liquid is not applied.

[0061] Test Example 1

[0062] 100 plants were randomly selected, the total number of flowers and the number of pollinated flowers were counted, the number of fruits was counted, and the fruit setting rate was calculated.

[0063] Fruit setting rate = (number of fruits set / number of pollinations) × 100

[0064] Table 1 Fruiting rate of Atractylodes lancea in different treatment groups

[0065] Group Fruiting rate / % Example 1 49.5 Example 2 48.9 Example 3 49.2 Example 4 48.6 Comparative Example 1 37.4 Comparative Example 2 30.5 Comparative Example 3 31.0

[0066] It can be seen from Table 1 that the fruit setting rate of Atractylodes lancea in the embodiment group is relatively high compared with the control group, which also shows that the scheme of the present invention can improve the pollination rate of Atractylodes lancea, thereby improving the fruit setting rate.

[0067] Test Example 2

[0068] After the harvest of Atractylodes lancea, the thousand-grain weight and yield (fresh weight) of Atractylodes lancea were counted. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Thousand-grain weight: Randomly select 1,000 seeds and weigh them, repeat twice, and calculate the average value. The ratio of the difference between the repeated values ​​and the average value should not exceed 5%. If it exceeds, analyze the third repeated value until it meets the requirement, and take the two with the smallest difference to calculate the test result.

[0070] Table 2 Thousand-grain weight and yield of Atractylodes lancea in different treatment groups

[0071] Group Thousand-grain weight / (kg) Yield / (kg / mu) Example 1 13.4 1015.3 Example 2 13.2 1001.6 Example 3 13.2 982.9 Example 4 13.0 1007.5 Comparative Example 1 7.8 814.6 Comparative Example 2 7.9 702.5 Comparative Example 3 7.8 731.1

[0072] It can be seen from Table 2 that the thousand-grain weight and yield of Atractylodes lancea in the embodiment group are significantly higher than those in the comparative example group, indicating that the technical solution of the present invention can improve the pollination rate of Atractylodes lancea, thereby increasing the seed yield of Atractylodes lancea.

[0073] From the above, it can be seen that the technical solution of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of Atractylodes lancea, promote growth and development, and facilitate pollen to adhere to the stigma, which is not easy to fall off. It can synergistically promote the pollination of Atractylodes lancea in many aspects and increase the seed yield of Atractylodes lancea.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the pollination rate of Atractylodes lancea, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) transplanting the bulbs of Atractylodes lancea, applying compound fertilizer after germination, and spraying plant hormones after flower buds are formed; (2) When the Atractylodes macrocephala begins to bloom, apply the cactus liquid to the stigma of the female plant and perform pollination; The pollination method includes artificial pollination and / or bee pollination.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The compound fertilizer in step (1) comprises phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound microbial agent, and the mass ratio of the phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound microbial agent is (3-5):(4-6):(0.8-1.2); The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 15-18kg / mu.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of (0.7-1.1):(0.5-0.8):(0.8-1.2).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant hormones in step (1) include gibberellins and / or auxins.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation process of the cactus liquid in step (2) comprises: squeezing the cactus to obtain the cactus juice, mixing it with PBS buffer, and centrifuging it to obtain the cactus juice.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The volume ratio of the cactus juice to the PBS buffer is (0.5-1):(10-15).

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The pollination time is 9:00-10:00 and / or 14:00-16:

00.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The density of bees released is 8-20 / m 2 .