Composition for promoting growth of raw fish and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed. The composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-35 parts of a polygonum capitatum extract, 5-25 parts of a gordon euryale seed extract, 1-15 parts of eel zymolyte, 5-25 parts of spirulina powder, 1-20 parts of bletilla striata polysaccharide and 1-15 parts of yeast nucleotide, and the components cooperate with one another in a certain range to act on the digestive system and immune system of raw fish, so that the digestion and absorption rate of feed is increased, and the immunity of the raw fish is improved. The feed can improve the survival rate of the cultured raw fish, reduces the use of antibiotics, is suitable for large-scale culture of the raw fish, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed, and in particular to a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Channa argus, also known as black fish, black snakehead, and mullet, is a common edible fish with the advantages of few bone spurs, tender and delicious meat, and rich nutrition. It can also be used as medicine, with the effects of removing blood stasis, promoting new growth, and nourishing and conditioning. With the increase in the scale of intensive farming, the problem of diseases of sashimi has become increasingly serious, resulting in the death of a large number of sashimi and causing economic losses.

[0003] Antibiotics are widely used in traditional aquaculture, but long-term use of antibiotics may cause intestinal microecological disorders and intestinal tissue damage in raw fish, affecting feed utilization efficiency and growth performance; it is also easy to make bacteria in raw fish resistant, increasing breeding costs, and antibiotic residues in fish will also threaten the health of consumers. With the development of feed technology, antibiotic-free growth promoters such as acidifiers, prebiotics, probiotics and antimicrobial peptides are gradually replacing antibiotics. However, these antibiotic-free growth promoters are still in the laboratory research stage, and the conversion into productivity is relatively small. In addition, the dosage is relatively large compared to antibiotics, and the effect is slow, which is not conducive to large-scale breeding of raw fish. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a functional composition that promotes the rapid growth of raw fish. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention designs a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish, comprising, by mass, 10-35 parts of Polygonum capitatum extract, 5-25 parts of Euryale ferox extract, 1-15 parts of eel hydrolysate, 5-25 parts of Spirulina powder, 1-20 parts of Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and 1-15 parts of yeast nucleotides.

[0007] In some of the embodiments, the composition includes, by mass, 20-30 parts of Polygonum capitatum extract, 10-20 parts of Euryale ferox extract, 5-10 parts of eel hydrolysate, 10-18 parts of Spirulina powder, 8-12 parts of Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and 5-10 parts of yeast nucleotides.

[0008] In some of the embodiments, the composition includes, by mass, 25 parts of Polygonum capitatum extract, 15 parts of Euryale ferox extract, 8 parts of eel hydrolysate, 15 parts of Spirulina powder, 10 parts of Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and 8 parts of yeast nucleotide.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preparation of the Polygonum capitatum extract comprises:

[0010] Step 1. After the whole herb of Polygonum capitatum is crushed, a 65-75wt% ethanol aqueous solution is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(10-30) and ultrasonic extraction is performed for 40-60 minutes. After the extraction is completed, a filter residue and a filtrate are obtained by filtering;

[0011] Step 2. Add citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1: (20-40), and then add 0.6-1% of cellulase by weight of the filter residue for enzymolysis. After enzymolysis, filter and collect the filtrate, combine it with the filtrate of step 1, concentrate, and dry to obtain the Polygonum capitatum extract.

[0012] In some of the embodiments, in step 2, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45-55° C., the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 3-5 h, and the enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 4.0-5.

[0013] In some embodiments, the preparation of the Euryale ferox extract includes: adding water to the Euryale ferox shell at a solid-liquid ratio of 1: (20-40) and extracting at 60-70° C. for 6-10 hours, filtering and collecting the filtrate A; then adding 75-85wt% ethanol aqueous solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1: (10-20) and ultrasonically extracting for 20-40 minutes, filtering and collecting the filtrate B, combining the filtrate A and B, concentrating and drying to obtain the Euryale ferox extract.

[0014] In some embodiments, the preparation of the eel hydrolysate comprises:

[0015] (1) first preparing the eel meat into a homogenate, then inactivating the enzyme and cooling the mixture to room temperature, adjusting the pH to 7.2, and then adding 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the eel meat neutral protease to perform the first enzymatic hydrolysis;

[0016] (2) after the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, the pH is adjusted to 7.2, and 0.8-1.2% of the mass of the eel meat of papain is added for a second enzymatic hydrolysis;

[0017] (3) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the supernatant is concentrated and dried after centrifugation to obtain the eel enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0018] In some of the embodiments, in step (1), the first enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 45-55°C for 4-8 hours; and the second enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 45-55°C for 3-5 hours.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides a feed for promoting the growth of raw fish, wherein the feed comprises the composition for promoting the growth of raw fish.

[0020] In some embodiments, the composition is added in an amount of 5-9%.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The invention provides a composition, comprising Polygonum capitatum extract, Euryale ferox extract, eel enzymolyte, spirulina powder, bletilla striata polysaccharide and yeast nucleotide. These components cooperate with each other within a certain range, act on the digestive system and immune system of raw fish, improve the digestion and absorption rate of feed, and enhance the resistance of fish to diseases, thereby improving the survival rate of raw fish farming.

[0023] Among them, the Polygonum capitatum extract and Gorgon fruit extract can improve intestinal health, promote fat metabolism and protein synthesis, help fish accumulate more muscle mass, thereby accelerating growth rate, and the phenolic acid components in the Polygonum capitatum extract have good antioxidant effects, can scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect fish cells from damage. Combined with Spirulina powder and Bletilla striata polysaccharide, they can enhance the nonspecific immune function of raw fish; at the same time, Spirulina powder, eel hydrolysate and yeast nucleotides are rich in nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals, which can provide comprehensive nutrition and promote the growth, development and health of raw fish.

[0024] The composition of the present invention is mixed with basic feed for raw fish farming, which can promote the growth of raw fish, help shorten the growth cycle of raw fish, improve farming efficiency, and reduce the use of conventional feed antibiotics. It is suitable for large-scale raw fish farming and has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the implementation mode will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation modes of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the test results of malondialdehyde content in raw fish serum.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the results of superoxide dismutase activity detection in raw fish serum.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the results of lysozyme activity testing in raw fish serum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the present invention, when it comes to numerical ranges, unless otherwise specified, the above numerical ranges are deemed to be continuous and include the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range, as well as each value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range is included. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, the ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein.

[0031] In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the specific dispersion and stirring treatment methods.

[0032] In the present invention, the test methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents, etc. used are reagents and materials that can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0033] In the present invention, the Bletilla striata polysaccharide is a white powder.

[0034] Cellulase: 50U / mg; Neutral protease: 100U / mg; Papain: 800U / mg.

[0035] A composition for promoting the growth of raw fish, the specific formula of which is shown in Table 1 below by weight:

[0036] Table 1 Composition formula of Examples 1-3

[0037]

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A method for preparing a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish comprises the following steps:

[0040] 1. Preparation of Polygonum capitatum extract:

[0041] (1) The whole herb of Polygonum capitatum was crushed through 50 meshes, and then added with 70 wt % ethanol aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g / mL) for ultrasonic extraction for 50 min at an extraction power of 500 W. After the extraction was completed, the residue and filtrate were obtained by filtration.

[0042] (2) Add citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g / mL), and then add 0.8% of the weight of the filter residue cellulase, and enzymolyze at 50°C for 4 hours, the enzymolysis pH is 4.5, and after the enzymolysis is completed, it is placed in a water bath at 95°C for 10 minutes, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate is combined with the filtrate of step (1), and then concentrated to 1 / 5 of its mass, and freeze-dried to obtain the Polygonum capitatum extract.

[0043] 2. Preparation of Euryale ferox extract:

[0044] (1) The euryale shell was crushed to 100 mesh, and then deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g / mL), and the mixture was extracted at 65° C. for 8 h. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was collected.

[0045] (2) adding 80% ethanol aqueous solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 (g / mL), and ultrasonically extracting for 30 min at an extraction power of 500 W. After the extraction is completed, the filtrate is collected and combined with the filtrate of step (1), concentrated to 1 / 5 of its mass, and freeze-dried to obtain a Gorgon fruit extract.

[0046] 3. Preparation of eel hydrolysate:

[0047] (1) 100 g of fresh eel meat was weighed and crushed, and then deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 (g / mL) to prepare a homogenate. The enzyme was inactivated in a 95°C water bath for 30 min, and then the pH was adjusted to 7.2 after cooling to room temperature. Then, 1% of the weight of the eel meat neutral protease was added and stirred evenly, and the mixture was enzymolyzed at 50°C for 6 h.

[0048] (2) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzyme is inactivated in a water bath at 95°C for 10 min, the pH is adjusted to 7.2 after cooling to room temperature, 1% papain by weight of eel meat is added, stirred evenly, and then enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 50°C for 4 h.

[0049] (3) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the mixture is placed in a water bath at 95°C for 10 min, cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged at a controlled speed of 3000 r / min for 15 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant is concentrated to 1 / 5 of its mass and freeze-dried to obtain the eel enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0050] 4. Preparation of the composition:

[0051] According to the formula in Table 1 above, appropriate amounts of raw materials are weighed, and the Polygonum capitatum extract, Euryale ferox extract, eel hydrolysate, Spirulina powder, Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and yeast nucleotide are uniformly mixed to obtain a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A method for preparing a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish comprises the following steps:

[0054] 1. Preparation of Polygonum capitatum extract:

[0055] (1) The whole herb of Polygonum capitatum was crushed through 50 meshes, and then added with 75 wt% ethanol aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / mL) for ultrasonic extraction for 40 min at an extraction power of 500 W. After the extraction was completed, the residue and filtrate were obtained by filtration.

[0056] (2) Add citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:40 (g / mL), and then add 1% cellulase by weight of the filter residue, and enzymolyze at 45°C for 3 hours, with an enzymolysis pH of 5. After the enzymolysis is completed, place in a water bath at 95°C for 10 minutes, cool to room temperature, filter, combine the filtrate with the filtrate of step (1), and then concentrate to 1 / 5 of its mass, and freeze-dry to obtain a Polygonum capitatum extract.

[0057] 2. Preparation of Euryale ferox extract:

[0058] (1) The euryale shell was crushed to 100 mesh, and then deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:40 (g / mL), and the mixture was extracted at 60° C. for 10 h. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was collected.

[0059] (2) adding 85% ethanol aqueous solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g / mL), and ultrasonically extracting for 20 min at an extraction power of 500 W. After the extraction is completed, the filtrate is collected and combined with the filtrate of step (1), concentrated to 1 / 5 of its mass, and freeze-dried to obtain a Gorgon fruit extract.

[0060] 3. Preparation of eel hydrolysate:

[0061] (1) 100 g of fresh eel meat was weighed and crushed, and then deionized water was added to prepare a homogenate at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / mL), and the enzyme was inactivated in a 95°C water bath for 30 min. After cooling to room temperature, the pH was adjusted to 7.2, and then 1.2% of the weight of the eel meat neutral protease was added and stirred evenly, and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at 45°C for 8 h.

[0062] (2) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzyme is inactivated in a water bath at 95°C for 10 min, the pH is adjusted to 7.2 after cooling to room temperature, 0.8% papain by weight of eel meat is added, stirred evenly, and then enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 55°C for 3 h.

[0063] (3) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the mixture is placed in a water bath at 95°C for 10 min, cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged at a controlled speed of 3000 r / min for 15 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant is concentrated to 1 / 5 of its mass and freeze-dried to obtain the eel enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0064] 4. Preparation of the composition:

[0065] According to the formula in Table 1 above, appropriate amounts of raw materials are weighed, and the Polygonum capitatum extract, Euryale ferox extract, eel hydrolysate, Spirulina powder, Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and yeast nucleotide are uniformly mixed to obtain a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A method for preparing a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish comprises the following steps:

[0068] 1. Preparation of Polygonum capitatum extract:

[0069] (1) The whole herb of Polygonum capitatum was crushed through 50 meshes, and then added with 65% ethanol aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g / mL) for ultrasonic extraction for 60 minutes at an extraction power of 500 W. After the extraction was completed, the residue and filtrate were obtained by filtration.

[0070] (2) Add citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g / mL), and then add 0.6% of the weight of the filter residue cellulase, and enzymolyze at 55°C for 5 hours, the enzymolysis pH is 4.0, and after the enzymolysis is completed, the solution is placed in a water bath at 95°C for 10 minutes, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate is combined with the filtrate of step (1), and then concentrated to 1 / 5 of its weight, and freeze-dried to obtain the Polygonum capitatum extract.

[0071] 2. Preparation of Euryale ferox extract:

[0072] (1) The euryale shell was crushed to 100 mesh, and then deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g / mL), and the mixture was extracted at 70° C. for 6 h. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was collected.

[0073] (2) adding 85% ethanol aqueous solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / mL), and ultrasonically extracting for 40 min at an extraction power of 500 W. After the extraction is completed, the filtrate is collected and combined with the filtrate of step (1), concentrated to 1 / 5 of its mass, and freeze-dried to obtain a Gorgon fruit extract.

[0074] 3. Preparation of eel hydrolysate:

[0075] (1) 100 g of fresh eel meat was weighed and crushed, and then deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 (g / mL) to prepare a homogenate, and the enzyme was inactivated in a 95°C water bath for 30 min. After cooling to room temperature, the pH was adjusted to 7.2, and then 0.8% of the weight of the eel meat neutral protease was added and stirred evenly, and enzymolysis was performed at 55°C for 4 h.

[0076] (2) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzyme is inactivated in a water bath at 95°C for 10 min, the pH is adjusted to 7.2 after cooling to room temperature, 1.2% papain by weight of eel meat is added, stirred evenly, and then enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 45°C for 5 h.

[0077] (3) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the mixture is placed in a water bath at 95°C for 10 min, cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged at a controlled speed of 3000 r / min for 15 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant is concentrated to 1 / 5 of its mass and freeze-dried to obtain the eel enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0078] 4. Preparation of the composition:

[0079] According to the formula in Table 1 above, appropriate amounts of raw materials are weighed, and the Polygonum capitatum extract, Euryale ferox extract, eel hydrolysate, Spirulina powder, Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and yeast nucleotide are uniformly mixed to obtain a composition for promoting the growth of raw fish.

[0080] The specific formula of the composition of Comparative Example 1-2 is shown in Table 1 above, and the preparation method of the composition is the same as that of Example 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 3

[0082] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the Polygonum capitatum extract is not added in Comparative Example 3, and the other aspects are the same.

[0083] Comparative Example 4

[0084] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that no Euryale ferox extract is added in Comparative Example 4, and the other aspects are the same.

[0085] Comparative Example 5

[0086] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that no eel hydrolysate is added in Comparative Example 5, and the other aspects are the same.

[0087] Comparative Example 6

[0088] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that no spirulina powder is added in Comparative Example 6, and the other aspects are the same.

[0089] Comparative Example 7

[0090] The difference between Comparative Example 7 and Example 1 is that no Bletilla striata polysaccharide is added in Comparative Example 7, and the other contents are the same.

[0091] Comparative Example 8

[0092] The difference between Comparative Example 8 and Example 1 is that yeast nucleotides are not added in Comparative Example 8, and the other conditions are the same.

[0093] Test Example 1

[0094] The compositions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were mixed with a basic feed to prepare feeds. The feed formulas are shown in Table 2 below:

[0095] Table 2 Feed formula

[0096] Components content(%) Fishmeal 34 Soybean meal 20.5 Expanded soybeans 5 Meat powder 4 Soybean Oil 3.5 flour 18 Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2 Mineral premix 5 Vitamin premix 1 Composition 7

[0097] In the table, the vitamin premix provides per kilogram of feed: VB15.5mg, VB28mg, VB66.5mg, VB 12 15μg, calcium pantothenate 15mg, niacinamide 20mg, VA2000IU, VD31000IU, VE 15mg, VK32.5mg, folic acid 1.2mg, biotin 20μg, VC 150mg.

[0098] The mineral premix provides, per kilogram of feed, 1250 g of KC, 100 g of MgSO4·H2O, 30 g of FeSO4·H2O, 100 g of ZnSO4·H2O, 7.5 g of MnSO4·H2O, 3.5 g of CuSO4·5H2O, and 20.65 g of Ca(IO3).

[0099] The breeding experiment was carried out at the Guangdong Dolphin Fisheries Research Institute (Baiyun). The experiment selected 1440 raw fish (hybrid snakehead) of similar size and healthy physique and randomly divided them into 11 experimental groups and 1 blank group (without the composition). They were placed in the breeding barrels (1m in diameter and 1m in height) of the recirculating aquaculture system, with a water depth of 80cm. Each group was set up with 3 replicates, and each cage had 40 raw fish. During the experiment, the water temperature was 27-34℃, the dissolved oxygen concentration was >5.0mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was <0.1mg / L, and the nitrite concentration was <0.005mg / L. The fish were fed twice a day at 10:00 and 16:00, with a daily feeding rate of 4% of their body weight. The breeding cycle was 8 weeks, and the subsequent test was carried out after fasting for 24h at the end of the breeding.

[0100] The experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software, and the Duncan method was used for multiple comparisons. The results were expressed as "mean ± standard deviation", and the significant difference level was P < 0.05.

[0101] 1. Growth performance test

[0102] After the breeding is completed, the initial weight and final weight of the surviving fish are counted, and the survival rate (SR), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) are calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Where W0 is the initial weight of raw fish (g), Wt is the final weight of raw fish (g), t is the number of culture days (d), and F represents the feed intake of raw fish (g).

[0106] 2. Fish Nutrition Test

[0107] The crude protein of the whole fish was tested by the Kjeldahl method, the crude fat content was tested by the Soxhlet extraction method, the moisture content was tested by the (103±2)℃ drying method, and the crude ash content was tested by the 550℃ muffle furnace calcination method.

[0108] 3. Serum immune index test

[0109] At the end of the breeding period, the fish were fasted for 24 hours, and 10 fish were randomly selected from each box. Blood was collected through the caudal vein, and the fish were allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, the blood was centrifuged at 4000 r / min and 4°C for 10 minutes to obtain serum samples for testing the following immune indicators.

[0110] The malondialdehyde (MDA) content reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation in the body and is determined using the MDA detection kit.

[0111] Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity reflects the body's antioxidant capacity and is measured using the superoxide dismutase detection kit.

[0112] The activity of lysozyme (LSZ) can reflect certain immune states and health conditions of the body and can be determined using the lysozyme detection kit.

[0113] Table 3 Statistics of raw fish tail weight

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Note: The lowercase letters with different shoulders in the same column in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0117] Table 4 Effect of composition on growth performance of raw fish

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] Note: The lowercase letters with different shoulders in the same column in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0121] Table 5 Effect of composition on raw fish body composition

[0122] Group Moisture (%) Crude protein (%) Crude fat (%) Crude ash (%) Example 1 69.83±0.71 <![CDATA[17.93±0.56 a ]]> <![CDATA[10.11±0.71 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.13±0.14 ab ]]> Example 2 69.7±0.75 <![CDATA[17.37±0.47 ab ]]> <![CDATA[10.04±0.83 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.56±0.30 a ]]> Example 3 70.07±0.59 <![CDATA[18.15±0.98 a ]]> <![CDATA[9.88±0.35 a ]]> <![CDATA[4.57±0.14 b ]]> Comparative Example 1 72.5±0.55 <![CDATA[16.53±0.62 bc ]]> <![CDATA[8.78±0.64 b ]]> <![CDATA[3.86±0.74 c ]]> Comparative Example 2 73.37±0.86 <![CDATA[15.07±0.68 e ]]> <![CDATA[8.65±0.42 bc ]]> <![CDATA[3.91±0.39 c ]]> Comparative Example 3 75.04±0.29 <![CDATA[15.44±0.29 cde ]]> <![CDATA[6.96±0.30 de ]]> <![CDATA[3.56±0.29 cd ]]> Comparative Example 4 74.51±0.92 <![CDATA[15.31±0.89 de ]]> <![CDATA[7.66±0.79 d ]]> <![CDATA[3.53±0.39 cd ]]> Comparative Example 5 74.54±0.4 <![CDATA[15.28±0.74 de ]]> <![CDATA[7.81±0.85 cd ]]> <![CDATA[3.71±0.26 c ]]> Comparative Example 6 74.15±0.73 <![CDATA[16.21±0.88 cd ]]> <![CDATA[7.36±0.47 d ]]> <![CDATA[3.61±0.23 c ]]> Comparative Example 7 73.93±0.72 <![CDATA[16.16±0.97 cde ]]> <![CDATA[7.60±0.31 d ]]> <![CDATA[3.65±0.37 c ]]> Comparative Example 8 74.58±0.22 <![CDATA[15.60±0.35 cde ]]> <![CDATA[7.02±0.36 de ]]> <![CDATA[3.79±0.09 c ]]> Blank group 77.14±0.94 <![CDATA[12.78±0.53 f ]]> <![CDATA[6.28±0.43 e ]]> <![CDATA[2.94±0.73 d ]]>

[0123] Note: The lowercase letters with different shoulders in the same column in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0124] Result analysis:

[0125] It can be seen from Tables 3-4 that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of the blank group are the lowest, and are significantly different from those of the other experimental groups. Further comparison of Example 1 and Example 1-8 shows that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of Example 1-3 are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1-8, and the feed coefficient is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1-8, indicating that the feed prepared by the composition of the present invention can not only effectively promote the growth of raw fish, but also has a high feed conversion efficiency, which is beneficial to reducing breeding costs and improving breeding benefits.

[0126] Then, it can be seen from Table 5 that the crude protein, crude fat and ash contents of raw fish in Examples 1-3 are all higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-8, indicating that the composition of the present invention can promote the synthesis of crude protein and crude fat of raw fish, thereby promoting the growth and development of raw fish.

[0127] Finally, by Figure 1-3 It can be seen that the superoxide dismutase activity of Examples 1-3 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-8, and the malondialdehyde content is significantly lower than that of Comparative Examples 1-8, indicating that the composition of the present invention has good antioxidant ability, can effectively remove free radicals, and reduce oxidative damage; and the lysozyme activity of Examples 1-3 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-8 and the blank group, indicating that the composition of the present invention is added to the feed, which can effectively enhance the nonspecific immune ability of raw fish, thereby enhancing the immune-antioxidant ability of raw fish.

[0128] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A composition for promoting the growth of raw fish, characterized in that: The composition comprises, by weight, 10-35 parts of Polygonum capitatum extract, 5-25 parts of Euryale ferox extract, 1-15 parts of eel hydrolysate, 5-25 parts of spirulina powder, 1-20 parts of Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and 1-15 parts of yeast nucleotide.

2. A composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of Polygonum capitatum extract, 10-20 parts of Euryale ferox extract, 5-10 parts of eel enzymolysis product, 10-18 parts of spirulina powder, 8-12 parts of Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and 5-10 parts of yeast nucleotide.

3. The composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition comprises 25 parts of Polygonum capitatum extract, 15 parts of Euryale ferox extract, 8 parts of eel hydrolysate, 15 parts of Spirulina powder, 10 parts of Bletilla striata polysaccharide and 8 parts of yeast nucleotide in parts by mass.

4. The composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The preparation of the Polygonum capitatum extract comprises: Step 1. After the whole herb of Polygonum capitatum is crushed, a 65-75wt% ethanol aqueous solution is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(10-30) and ultrasonic extraction is performed for 40-60 minutes. After the extraction is completed, a filter is filtered to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate; Step 2. Add citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1: (20-40), and then add 0.6-1% of cellulase by weight of the filter residue for enzymolysis. After enzymolysis, filter and collect the filtrate, combine it with the filtrate of step 1, concentrate, and dry to obtain the Polygonum capitatum extract.

5. The composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45-55° C., the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 3-5 h, and the enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 4.0-5.

0.

6. The composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the euryale ferox extract comprises: adding water to euryale ferox shell at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(20-40), leaching at 60-70°C for 6-10h, filtering and collecting filtrate A; then adding 75-85wt% ethanol aqueous solution to the filter residue at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(10-20), ultrasonically extracting for 20-40min, filtering and collecting filtrate B, combining filtrate A and filtrate B, concentrating and drying to obtain the euryale ferox extract.

7. The composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The preparation of the eel enzymolysate comprises: (1) first preparing the eel meat into a homogenate, then inactivating the enzyme and cooling the mixture to room temperature, adjusting the pH to 7.2, and then adding 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the eel meat neutral protease to perform the first enzymatic hydrolysis; (2) after the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, the pH is adjusted to 7.2, and 0.8-1.2% of the mass of the eel meat of papain is added for a second enzymatic hydrolysis; (3) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the supernatant is concentrated and dried after centrifugation to obtain the eel enzymatic hydrolysate.

8. The composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (1), the first enzymolysis is carried out at 45-55°C for 4-8 hours; and the second enzymolysis is carried out at 45-55°C for 3-5 hours.

9. A feed for promoting the growth of raw fish, characterized in that: The feed comprises the composition for promoting the growth of raw fish according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The feed according to claim 9, characterized in that The addition amount of the composition is 5-9%.

Images