Application of broad bean powder in preparation of stichopus japonicus feed and stichopus japonicus feed

Abstract

The invention relates to application of broad bean powder in preparation of stichopus japonicus feed and the feed, and belongs to the field of feed, the feed can promote growth of stichopus japonicus and improve intestinal flora, and improvement of the intestinal flora refers to reduction of relative abundance of proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of the stichopus japonicus. The invention also provides a feed for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus and improving intestinal flora. The feed consists of the following components: sargassum thunbergii powder, fish meal, broad bean powder, guar gum, compound vitamins, compound mineral elements and sea mud. The feed can effectively improve the specific growth rate of the stichopus japonicus, improve the intestinal flora structure of the stichopus japonicus and reduce the quantity proportion of harmful bacteria.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of feed, and particularly relates to application of broad bean powder in preparing sea cucumber feed and the feed. Background Art

[0002] In natural aquaculture environments, the main food sources of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) are natural baits such as bottom mud, benthic diatoms, bacteria, and organic debris, which provide the most basic nutrients for the growth of sea cucumbers. However, with the rapid development of sea cucumber aquaculture and the increasing degree of intensification, the demand for nutrients of sea cucumbers in artificial aquaculture environments has increased significantly, and traditional natural baits can no longer fully meet their growth and metabolic needs. Especially during the peak feeding period of sea cucumbers, the cost of sea cucumber aquaculture is slowly increasing due to the shortage of natural baits.

[0003] Artificial feeds for sea cucumbers face technical problems such as intestinal flora imbalance, low growth efficiency and poor environmental adaptability during breeding. The single ingredient and lack of natural algae in compound feeds can easily lead to an imbalance in the intestinal flora of sea cucumbers, inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria, and increase the risk of pathogen infection. Anti-nutritional factors and chemical additives in feeds will further deteriorate intestinal health. In addition, insufficient or improper proportions of nutrients in compound feeds, especially the lack of essential fatty acids and trace elements, limit the growth rate of sea cucumbers. Poor palatability and low digestion efficiency of feeds further reduce the utilization rate of feeds. At the same time, overfeeding or feed residues will cause water quality deterioration and environmental problems. To address these problems, intestinal flora and feed digestion performance can be optimized by adding probiotics, enzyme preparations and seaweed polysaccharides, while adjusting the proportion of protein, fat and minerals in feeds to improve the growth effect of sea cucumbers. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides an application of broad bean powder in the preparation of sea cucumber feed and feed. The present invention adopts broad bean powder as the raw material of sea cucumber compound feed, and adds it in different proportions to replace the original plant protein in the compound feed to form a new sea cucumber compound feed, which is applied to the sea cucumber breeding process to achieve the effects of promoting the growth of sea cucumber, increasing the weight gain rate of sea cucumber and improving the intestinal flora structure of sea cucumber.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The broad bean powder of the present invention is used in preparing sea cucumber feed, and the feed can promote the growth of sea cucumber and improve intestinal flora. The improvement of intestinal flora is to reduce the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of sea cucumber.

[0007] The present invention also provides a feed for promoting the growth of sea cucumbers and improving intestinal flora, wherein the feed comprises the following ingredients: sargassum powder, fish meal, broad bean powder, guar gum, complex vitamins, complex mineral elements and sea mud.

[0008] Furthermore, the feed as described above comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of sargassum powder, 10-20 parts of sea mud, 5-15 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of broad bean powder, 1-2 parts of guar gum, 1-2 parts of complex vitamins, and 1-2 parts of complex mineral elements.

[0009] In the feed as described above, the complex vitamin includes any two or more of vitamins A, D3, E, K3, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, H, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and inositol.

[0010] In the feed as described above, the composite minerals include any two or more of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, iodine, selenium and cobalt.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0012] The invention can effectively increase the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers by adding broad bean powder to sea cucumber feed, and can also improve the intestinal flora structure of sea cucumbers and reduce the number of harmful bacteria; Salvinia powder and fish meal can provide protein source for sea cucumber nutrition, and can also ensure the basic nutritional needs of sea cucumbers. The three are compounded with complex vitamins and complex minerals, and the organic combination of each component can better promote the growth of sea cucumbers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a comparison diagram of the growth effect of cultured sea cucumbers of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a relative abundance diagram of intestinal flora at the level of cultured sea cucumbers of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a relative abundance diagram of intestinal flora at the genus level of cultured Sea Cucumbers of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and the embodiments cited are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0019] Multivitamin premix mg / 1000g (Vitamin A (VA): 1,000,000 IU; Vitamin D3 (VD3): 300,000 IU; Vitamin E (VE): 4,000 mg; Vitamin K3 (VK3): 1,000 mg; Vitamin B1 (VB1): 2,000 mg; Vitamin B2 (VB2): 1,500 mg; Vitamin B6 (VB6): 1,000 mg; Vitamin B12 (VB12): 5 mg; Niacin: 100 mg; Calcium pantothenate: 5,000 mg; Folic acid: 100 mg; Inositol: 10,000 mg; Carrier: glucose, water content <10%);

[0020] Composite mineral element premix mg / 40g (sodium chloride (NaCl): 107.79; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O): 380.02; sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O): 241.91; potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4): 665.20; calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Ca(H2PO4)2·2H2O): 376.70; ferric citrate (Fe Citrate): 82.38; calcium lactate (Ca Lactate): 907.10; aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3): 0.52; zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O): 9.90; copper sulfate (CuSO4): 0.28; manganese sulfate heptahydrate (MnSO4·7H2O): 2.22; calcium iodate (Ca(IO3)2): 0.42; cobalt sulfate heptahydrate (CoSO4·7H2O): 2.77);

[0021] The skinning rate of sea cucumber refers to the overall skin weight after removing the sea cucumber's internal organs and body cavity fluid. As the sashimi grows faster, the proportion of internal organs will also increase accordingly.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A method for preparing feed for promoting the growth of sea cucumbers and improving intestinal flora of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0024] (1) Preparation of broad bean powder: Select high-quality broad beans that are free of mildew and insect pests as raw materials, clean them to remove impurities, and then shell them (mainly remove the bean skin), retaining the bean kernel. The shelled broad beans need to be dried. You can choose to dry them naturally or use drying equipment to ensure that the moisture content of the broad beans is reduced to less than 10%. The dried broad beans are crushed by a grinder, and the powder can pass through a 100-200 mesh sieve;

[0025] (2) Mixing: First, according to the specified weight fraction of each component, 55 parts of sargassum powder, 10 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of broad bean powder, 2 parts of guar gum, 1.5 parts of multivitamins, and 1.5 parts of multiminerals are mixed evenly, and finally 20 parts of sea mud is added and mixed evenly;

[0026] (3) Granulation: adding 20% ​​of the weight of the basic raw material with purified water, mixing the raw materials into a dough-like state, and pressing the mixed raw materials into pellet feed using a feed pelletizer;

[0027] (4) The particles are dried and sealed for storage.

[0028] Embodiment 2:

[0029] A method for preparing feed for promoting the growth of sea cucumbers and improving intestinal flora of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0030] (1) Preparation of broad bean powder: Select high-quality broad beans that are free of mildew and insect pests as raw materials, clean them to remove impurities, and then shell them (mainly remove the bean skin), retaining the bean kernel. The shelled broad beans need to be dried. You can choose to dry them naturally or use drying equipment to ensure that the moisture content of the broad beans is reduced to less than 10%. The dried broad beans are crushed by a grinder, and the powder can pass through a 100-200 mesh sieve;

[0031] (2) Mixing: First, according to the specified weight fraction of each component, stir 45 parts of sargassum powder, 10 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of broad bean powder, 2 parts of guar gum, 1.5 parts of multivitamins, and 1.5 parts of multiminerals evenly, and finally add 20 parts of sea mud and stir evenly;

[0032] (3) Granulation: adding 20% ​​of the weight of the basic raw material with purified water, mixing the raw materials into a dough-like state, and pressing the mixed raw materials into pellet feed using a feed pelletizer;

[0033] (4) The particles are dried and sealed for storage.

[0034] Example 3 Feeding Effect Verification

[0035] Select healthy sea cucumbers weighing about 20g, each experimental group is respectively set up 3 parallels, the initial feeding amount is 3% of the sea cucumber body weight, the sea cucumber is fed once at 7:00 in the morning every day, and the bottom water is sucked and changed 12 hours after feeding, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the growth of the sea cucumber every 10 days. Feed the feed prepared by embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 respectively, and set the conventional feed product to be fed as the control group at the same time, and feed for 60 days in the same way. The main components of the conventional feed product in the present embodiment are 55 parts of sargassum powder, 20 parts of sea mud, 10 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of wheat flour, 2 parts of guar gum, 1 part of complex vitamins, and 1 part of complex mineral elements.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a comparison chart of the growth effect of cultured sea cucumbers. The specific growth rate, relative weight gain rate and intestinal wall ratio of the three groups of sea cucumbers all show significant changes. The specific growth rate of Example 1 is 0.8%, the relative weight gain rate is 61.59%, and the intestinal wall ratio is 6.59%. Its growth index is significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); the specific growth rate of Example 2 is 0.88%, the relative weight gain rate is 69.65%, and the intestinal wall ratio is 7.21%. All growth indicators are significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). At the same time, the growth index of the sea cucumber in Example 2 is also significantly higher than that of Example 1 (P<0.05). In terms of skin emergence rate, the skin emergence rate of Example 1 is the lowest at only 53.85%; while the skin emergence rates of the control group and Example 2 are 56.71% and 55.75%, respectively, both of which are significantly higher than Example 1 (P<0.05). It shows that the feed of the present invention has a significant positive effect on the growth of sea cucumbers.

[0037] Figure 2 The relative abundance diagram of the intestinal flora of the cultivated sea cucumber phylum of the present invention is shown. The largest dominant phylum of the intestinal flora of the sea cucumber under each group of feed feeding is Verrucomicrobiota, and the relative flora abundance reaches more than 55%, and the relative flora abundance of Verrucomicrobiota in the control group is the lowest, and the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota in Example 2 is the highest, reaching more than 85%. The second dominant phylum is Proteobacteria, and the relative flora abundance of Proteobacteria in the control group is the highest at 26.38%, followed by the intestinal flora abundance of the embodiment 1 group of 19.36%, and finally the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the embodiment 2 group is the lowest at 6.13%. The third dominant phylum is Bacteroidota, and the relative flora abundance of the embodiment 1 group is the highest at 17.56%, and the flora abundance of the embodiment 2 group is 4.92%.

[0038] Figure 3This is a relative abundance diagram of the intestinal flora of the genus level of the cultured sea cucumbers of the present invention. There are large differences between the intestinal flora structures of each group of sea cucumbers. Whether it is the control group or the experimental group of the invention, the most dominant genus in the intestinal flora of sea cucumbers is Persicirhabdus, and the flora abundance of Persicirhabdus in the control group is the lowest at 49.16%, 51.13% in the embodiment 1 group, and the highest at 78.4% in the embodiment 2 group. The second dominant genus is Lutibacter, the relative flora abundance of the embodiment 1 group is the highest at 14.39%, and the relative flora abundance of the embodiment 2 group is the lowest at only 4.42%. The flora abundances of Rubritalea in Examples 1 and 2 are relatively high, 5.4% and 5.3% respectively, while the relative abundance of Rubritalea in the control group is relatively low, accounting for only about 3%. In related studies, some bacteria in the Proteobacteria are the main pathogens of sea cucumbers, so the feed of the present invention significantly reduces the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora, indicating that the feed of the present invention has a good regulatory effect on the intestinal flora structure of sea cucumbers.

Claims

1. Application of broad bean powder in preparing sea cucumber feed, characterized in that, The feed can promote the growth of sea cucumbers and improve intestinal flora, and the improvement of intestinal flora is to reduce the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of sea cucumbers.

2. A feed for promoting the growth of sea cucumbers and improving intestinal flora, characterized in that: The feed consists of the following ingredients: sargassum meal, fish meal, broad bean meal, guar gum, complex vitamins, complex mineral elements and sea mud.

3. A feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of sargassum powder, 10-20 parts of sea mud, 5-15 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of broad bean powder, 1-2 parts of guar gum, 1-2 parts of complex vitamins and 1-2 parts of complex mineral elements.

4. A feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The complex vitamin includes any two or more of vitamins A, D3, E, K3, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, H, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and inositol.

5. A feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite minerals include any two or more of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, iodine, selenium and cobalt.

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