Nano-aluminum modified hexogen energetic microsphere and preparation method thereof
Through chemical coating technology, the modified black sorgen molten sorgen molten silane coupling agent-modified nano-aluminum powder is combined to form nano-aluminum modified black sorgen energy-containing microspheres, solving the insufficient dispersion of nanoparticles The problem of separation from components improves combustion rate and stability, and achieves more efficient energy release and combustion efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411629284.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-06
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
The lack of dispersion of nanoparticles in propellants limits their application in high solid-loaded propellants, and the phase separation between different components during nEMs preparation results in reduced thrust.
Through chemical coating method, the modified black sorgen molten syrgen molten silane coupling agent modified nano-aluminum powder is closely combined to form nano-aluminum modified black sorgen molten energy-containing microspheres with a core-stoppled structure to improve its Performance in combustion.
Improve the combustion rate, energy release and stability of nanocomposite energy-containing materials, enhance the interface adhesion between nano-aluminum powder and polymer matrix, improve mechanical strength and toughness, reduce unburned residues, and improve Energy utilization efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119219453A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of energetic materials, and specifically relates to nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] With the continuous advancement of missile and spacecraft technology, improving the comprehensive performance of solid propellants has become an urgent problem to be solved. Nano-aluminum particles can release huge heat and produce extremely high combustion temperatures when burning, and their large specific surface area, high surface energy and abundant active sites can effectively improve the combustion rate of solid propellants, making them an extremely attractive fuel component in high-efficiency propellants. However, the dispersibility of nanoparticles in propellants is still a technical problem, which limits their application in high-solid-load propellants.
[0003] Nanocomposite energetic materials (nEMs) are a class of materials with high energy density and high reactivity. They are widely used in military, aerospace and civilian fields. These materials achieve significant improvements in energy release rate and combustion performance by compounding fuel and oxidant at the nanoscale. In the composition of nEMs, the oxidant is usually composed of metal oxides or energetic materials. These oxidants provide the necessary oxygen in the combustion reaction to support and accelerate the combustion of the fuel. Hexogen, also known as RDX, has become an important oxidant component due to its high energy output and excellent detonation performance.
[0004] However, if no binder is added during the preparation of nEMs, phase separation may occur between different components, thereby reducing the thrust. Therefore, strengthening the binding force between nano-aluminum particles and oxidant components is of great significance for improving the performance of nanocomposite energetic materials. Summary of the invention
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microsphere with good stability, higher energy release and more stable combustion characteristics and a preparation method thereof.
[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a nano-aluminum modified RDX energetic microsphere, characterized in that the energetic microsphere is a material with a core-shell structure, which is formed by tightly combining RDX modified by an organic polyphenol compound and nano-aluminum powder modified by a silane coupling agent through chemical coating.
[0007] The particle size of the nano aluminum powder is 50 to 500 nanometers.
[0008] The organic polyphenol compound is tannic acid.
[0009] The silane coupling agent is 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
[0010] A method for preparing the nano-aluminum modified RDX energetic microspheres as described above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
[0011] S 1: dissolving 0.1 g of an organic polyphenol compound in 50 mL of deionized water, stirring the solution sufficiently to completely dissolve the organic polyphenol compound to form a uniform solution, adding 1 g of RDX to the solution, ultrasonically treating the solution for 30 minutes, adding 0.2 g of Tris-bis to the solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 8, stirring the solution for 12 hours, washing the solution with water, filtering the solution with suction, collecting the reaction product, drying the reaction product, and grinding the reaction product to obtain RDX modified by the organic polyphenol compound;
[0012] S2: 1 g of nano aluminum powder was added to 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonic treatment was performed. Ammonia water was added to the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 9-10. The solution was heated to 30° C. in an oil bath and maintained for a period of time. Then, 0.5 mL of silane coupling agent was added dropwise to the solution. After stirring for 12 hours, the reaction product was collected by alcohol washing and filtration, and the reaction product was dried and ground to obtain nano aluminum powder modified with silane coupling agent.
[0013] S3: Weigh organic polyphenol compound-modified RDX and silane coupling agent-modified nano-aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 1:10 to 10:1, add organic polyphenol compound-modified RDX and silane coupling agent-modified nano-aluminum powder into 100 mL of deionized water, ultrasonically treat for 30 minutes, place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer and stir at room temperature for 12 hours, filter, collect solid particles, and dry the solid particles to obtain nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres.
[0014] The particle size of the nano aluminum powder is 50 to 500 nanometers.
[0015] The organic polyphenol compound is tannic acid.
[0016] The silane coupling agent is 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] (1) Surface modification of RDX using organic polyphenols such as tannic acid can improve the material's resistance to environmental factors such as humidity and temperature changes, change the physical or chemical properties of RDX and thus optimize its combustion or explosion characteristics in specific applications, and help improve the processing properties of RDX, making it easier to make into the desired shape or form.
[0019] (2) Silane coupling agents such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane can generate active silanols through hydrolysis reaction under acidic or alkaline conditions. These silanols can react with a variety of materials to form stable chemical bonds. The modification of nano-aluminum powder by silane coupling agents such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane can improve the dispersibility of nano-aluminum powder in the polymer matrix and prevent its agglomeration; enhance the interfacial adhesion between nano-aluminum powder and polymer matrix; improve the heat resistance of composite materials; improve the mechanical strength and toughness of nano-aluminum powder modified polymers; and improve the combustion rate and energy release efficiency of nano-aluminum powder.
[0020] (3) The addition of nano-aluminum powder improves the heat release capacity of the combustion reaction, while the rapid decomposition of RDX provides a continuous energy supply for combustion. Through chemical coating, the close combination of RDX and nano-aluminum powder enables the energetic microspheres to initiate chemical reactions more quickly when ignited, thereby accelerating the combustion process. In addition, chemical coating also helps to improve the thermal stability of the energetic microspheres and reduce safety risks during storage and transportation. During the combustion process, the combination of modified RDX and nano-aluminum powder shows a higher heat release rate and more complete combustion efficiency. This synergistic effect not only improves the combustion efficiency, but also helps to reduce unburned residues, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 This is the SEM-EDS image of the nano-aluminum modified RDX energetic microspheres obtained in Example 1.
[0022] Figure 2 (a) Combustion high-speed photography image of nano-aluminum-modified RDX@Al and RDX / Al mixture; (b) Combustion emission spectrum; (c) Combustion time performance test result diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
[0024] Embodiment 1: A method for preparing nano-aluminum modified RDX energetic microspheres, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
[0025] S 1: Dissolve 0.1 g of tannic acid in 50 mL of deionized water, stir thoroughly to completely dissolve the tannic acid to form a uniform solution, add 1 g of RDX to the solution, perform ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, add 0.2 g of Tris-bis to the solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 8, stir for 12 hours, wash with water, filter, collect the reaction product, dry and grind the reaction product to obtain tannic acid-modified RDX;
[0026] S2: 1 g of nano aluminum powder was added to 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonic treatment was performed. Ammonia water was added to the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 9-10. The solution was heated to 30° C. in an oil bath and maintained for a period of time. Then, 0.5 mL of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane was added dropwise to the solution. After stirring for 12 hours, the reaction product was collected by alcohol washing and filtration. The reaction product was dried and ground to obtain 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified nano aluminum powder;
[0027] S3: Weigh tannic acid-modified RDX and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified nano-aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 9:1, add tannic acid-modified RDX and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified nano-aluminum powder into 100 mL of deionized water, and after ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer and stir at room temperature for 12 hours, filter, collect solid particles, and dry the solid particles to obtain nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres RDX@Al.
[0028] from Figure 1 It can be seen from the SEM image that RDX is completely wrapped inside the Al particles, the surface of the composite particles is relatively smooth, and there are no obvious defects. Due to the introduction of interface modification, the solid-phase contact area of the particles is further increased. The nano-aluminum powder in the RDX@Al composite material has good dispersibility, the size of the aluminum particles is nanometer-scale, and the particle size distribution is narrow. Small particles of aluminum adhere to the surface of the spherical RDX powder to form a composite, and the coating layer is relatively uniform, but a small amount of particles agglomerate. From the EDS characterization spectrum, it is found that Al, C, N, and O elements are relatively uniformly attached to the surface of the nano-aluminum powder@RDX particles, indicating that the tannic acid-modified RDX and the 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified nano-aluminum powder have achieved good bonding. Tannic acid forms a stable chemical bond with RDX through its abundant hydroxyl groups, while 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane forms a siloxane protective layer on the surface of the nano-aluminum powder. The synergistic effect of the two promotes the close bonding between the two materials, showing excellent interface compatibility.
[0029] Comparative Example 1:
[0030] In this comparative example, 1 g of nano-aluminum powder and 9 g of RDX were dispersed in 50 mL of ethanol solution, ultrasonically stirred at room temperature for 12 h, and dried to obtain an Al / RDX mixture.
[0031] from Figure 2It can be seen that the combustion intensity of the Al / RDX mixture obtained in Comparative Example 1 is stronger than the combustion intensity of the nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres RDX@Al obtained in Example 1, and the intensity of the combustion emission spectrum is significantly lower than the emission spectrum of the combustion of the nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres RDX@Al obtained in Example 1, and the combustion time of the nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres RDX@Al obtained in Example 1 is short, that is, the combustion rate is greater than the combustion rate of the Al / RDX mixture obtained in Comparative Example 1.
[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microsphere, characterized in that: The energetic microsphere is a material with a core-shell structure, which is formed by tightly combining RDX modified by an organic polyphenol compound and nano aluminum powder modified by a silane coupling agent in a chemical coating manner.
2. The nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microsphere according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano aluminum powder is 50 to 500 nanometers.
3. The nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microsphere according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic polyphenol compound is tannic acid.
4. The nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microsphere according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
5. A method for preparing nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: dissolving 0.1 g of an organic polyphenol compound in 50 mL of deionized water, stirring thoroughly to completely dissolve the organic polyphenol compound to form a uniform solution, adding 1 g of RDX to the solution, ultrasonically treating for 30 minutes, adding 0.2 g of Tris-bis to the solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 8, stirring for 12 hours, washing with water, filtering, collecting the reaction product, drying and grinding the reaction product to obtain RDX modified by the organic polyphenol compound; S2: 1 g of nano aluminum powder was added to 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonic treatment was performed. Ammonia water was added to the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 9-10. The solution was heated to 30° C. in an oil bath and maintained for a period of time. Then, 0.5 mL of silane coupling agent was added dropwise to the solution. After stirring for 12 hours, the reaction product was collected by alcohol washing and filtration, and the reaction product was dried and ground to obtain nano aluminum powder modified with silane coupling agent. S3: Weigh organic polyphenol compound-modified RDX and silane coupling agent-modified nano-aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 1:10 to 10:1, add organic polyphenol compound-modified RDX and silane coupling agent-modified nano-aluminum powder into 100 mL of deionized water, ultrasonically treat for 30 minutes, place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer and stir at room temperature for 12 hours, filter, collect solid particles, and dry the solid particles to obtain nano-aluminum-modified RDX energetic microspheres.
6. The method for preparing a nano-aluminum modified RDX energetic microsphere according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano aluminum powder is 50 to 500 nanometers.
7. The method for preparing a nano-aluminum modified RDX energetic microsphere according to claim 5, characterized in that: The organic polyphenol compound is tannic acid.
8. The method for preparing a nano-aluminum modified RDX energetic microsphere according to claim 5, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.