Process method for manufacturing ceramic reinforced titanium-based composite material through wire powder composite additive

Abstract

The invention discloses a process method for manufacturing a ceramic reinforced titanium-based composite material through a wire and powder composite additive, which comprises the following steps: step 1, firstly, ensuring that ceramic particle powder can be smoothly fed in a powder feeding pipe, and a titanium alloy wire can be smoothly fed in a wire feeding guide pipe through a straightening mechanism; the method comprises the steps that oxide skin and oil dirt on the surface of a titanium alloy base plate are removed through grinding of abrasive paper and a rotary file, so that fresh white bright metal luster is exposed on the surface of the titanium alloy base plate, and after oil dirt on the surface is removed through alcohol and acetone, the titanium alloy base plate is put into an inert gas atmosphere cabin; additive manufacturing of the ceramic reinforced titanium-based composite material is achieved through the wire-powder composite additive manufacturing technology, and the technical advantage that a raw material metallurgy system for powder feeding additive manufacturing can be regulated and controlled online and the technical characteristics that wire feeding additive manufacturing is high in raw material utilization rate and deposition efficiency are brought into full play; and low-cost, high-efficiency and high-flexibility ceramic reinforced titanium-based composite material additive manufacturing is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to a process for manufacturing ceramic-reinforced titanium-based composite materials by using silk powder composite additive manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern industry, additive manufacturing technology has developed rapidly and is now widely used in aerospace, military and other industrial fields. In the laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing process, there are mainly two methods: wire feeding molding and powder feeding molding. The advantage of wire feeding molding is that the material can be nearly 100% utilized and the material deposition weight accuracy is high. However, due to the molding process of the wire, only a few materials can be made into wires, and materials with particularly high hardness cannot be made into wires. For powder materials, most materials can be prepared into powders, and the powder composition can be designed according to actual use requirements.

[0003] With the continuous development of additive manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing of a single material can no longer fully meet the requirements of the use of parts in the aerospace field. Additive manufacturing of multiple materials or heterogeneous materials is becoming more and more widely used in practical applications. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) developed by compounding ceramic particles with metal matrix and making full use of the toughness of the metal matrix and the strength of the reinforcing phase to achieve the toughening of the material have the advantages of high hardness, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance. They have long been considered as important potential structural materials for future aerospace and weapon equipment. They have been adopted in heat-resistant parts of aerospace engines with significant benefits. The traditional preparation methods of block structures of metal matrix composites include spray deposition, powder metallurgy, mechanical alloying, and casting. The traditional preparation methods based on surface strengthening mainly include laser surface alloying, laser cladding, high velocity flame spraying (HVOF), plasma spraying, plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding, etc. However, traditional processes limit the possibility of improving the design flexibility and product functionality of MMCs parts in the aerospace field. However, powder deposition laser additive manufacturing technology has the technical characteristic that the raw material metallurgical system is easy to change. Using this technology to manufacture MMCs can achieve multi-material integrated manufacturing of complex parts.

[0004] However, in the existing additive manufacturing technology, if both the matrix material and the ceramic particles are deposited and manufactured by powder feeding, the recycling and reuse of unused powders is limited to a certain extent, and the simultaneous feeding of heterogeneous powders into the molten pool will cause metallurgical defects due to the difference in physical and chemical properties. At the same time, due to the low powder feeding accuracy and low powder utilization rate in the case of large powder feeding volume. Moreover, the powder utilization rate fluctuates greatly, and the powder feeding process is unstable. When manufacturing functional gradient materials, the main methods used are mixed powder method and multi-channel powder feeding method, but both have the problem of poor accuracy and cannot be actually applied in engineering. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention aims at the technical problem that the existing technical solutions are too single, and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technologies. Specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a process method for manufacturing ceramic reinforced titanium-based composite materials by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, so as to solve the problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a process for manufacturing ceramic-reinforced titanium-based composite materials by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: First, ensure that the ceramic particle powder can be smoothly fed into the powder feeding tube, and the titanium alloy wire can be smoothly fed into the wire feeding tube through the straightening mechanism. Use sandpaper and rotary files to polish and remove the oxide scale and oil stains on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate, so that the titanium alloy surface reveals a fresh white bright metallic luster, and use alcohol and acetone to remove the surface oil stains and then put it into an inert gas atmosphere chamber. Place it on a moving frame and use a driving mechanism to make the titanium alloy substrate move back and forth horizontally, and fill the inert gas atmosphere chamber with inert gas to ensure that the oxygen content in the chamber is less than 100ppm;

[0008] Step 2: Move the high-frequency coil heating device to the height of the titanium alloy substrate surface and start heating. The temperature should be between 200°C and 600°C. The heating device is raised layer by layer along the growth direction of the additive manufacturing.

[0009] Step 3: Start silk-powder composite additive manufacturing, start the powder feeding system and the wire feeding system at the same time, and use the silk-powder composite laser processing head to feed the ceramic particle powder and the titanium alloy wire into the molten pool generated by the annular laser beam along the coaxial direction;

[0010] Step 4: Additively manufacture the titanium-based composite material layer by layer according to the preset ceramic particle powder content, and terminate the additive manufacturing after reaching the preset height. After the additive manufacturing is completed, the part is slowly cooled by controlling the coil. The cooling rate of the part is less than 100°C / hour, and the additive manufacturing is terminated when it is cooled below 100°C.

[0011] Preferably, the titanium alloy wire is TC4 wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the ceramic particle powder is WC ceramic powder with a particle size range of 50 to 100 μm.

[0012] Preferably, the straightening mechanism includes a rectangular frame fixedly connected to the top of the wire feeding duct, a wire feeding hole matching the top of the wire feeding duct is opened at the bottom of the rectangular frame, the inner wall of the rectangular frame is symmetrically rotatably connected with two groups of first rotating shafts, a motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rectangular frame, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to one end of a group of first rotating shafts, the outer walls of the two groups of first rotating shafts are fixedly provided with transmission rollers, and the outer walls of the two groups of first rotating shafts are provided with two groups of gears meshing with each other, and the outer wall of one group of first rotating shafts is fixedly provided with a first bevel gear, the upper inner wall of the inert gas atmosphere chamber is rotatably connected with a second rotating shaft, one end of the second rotating shaft extends to the inside of the rectangular frame and is fixedly connected with a second bevel gear, and the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the rectangular frame, and the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear, and the bottom of the inert gas atmosphere chamber is provided with a driving mechanism for causing the titanium alloy substrate to move back and forth laterally.

[0013] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a reciprocating screw rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the inert gas atmosphere chamber, the outer wall of the reciprocating screw is sleeved with a movable frame threadedly matched with the reciprocating screw, the bottom of the inert gas atmosphere chamber is provided with a limiting groove slidingly matched with the bottom of the movable frame, the outer wall of the second rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a first connecting shaft, the outer wall of one end of the reciprocating screw is fixedly provided with a second connecting shaft, and the outer walls of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft are sleeved with a belt body.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) The present invention is based on laser additive manufacturing technology and uses a wire and powder conveying device coaxial with the laser to realize additive manufacturing of high wear-resistant titanium alloy. The wire-powder composite laser additive manufacturing technology can simultaneously give play to the technical advantages of high deposition efficiency and high raw material utilization rate of laser fuse additive manufacturing technology, and the technical characteristics of easy regulation of raw material metallurgical system of powder feeding laser additive manufacturing technology, ultimately forming a low-cost, high-efficiency and high metallurgical flexibility additive manufacturing technology;

[0016] (2) The present invention is based on silk-powder composite laser additive manufacturing technology, using titanium alloy wire and ceramic particles as powder as raw materials to additively manufacture titanium-based composite materials, wherein the titanium alloy wire is the matrix material and the ceramic particles are the reinforcement material, and the reinforcement phase is generated by in-situ autogenous reaction in the molten pool, thereby improving the friction and wear performance of the titanium alloy matrix;

[0017] (3) The present invention is based on wire-powder synchronous laser additive manufacturing technology, and adopts a powder and wire supply system coaxial with the laser to realize the manufacture of titanium-based composite materials with high friction and wear performance. Its key technology is that it can realize the in-situ strengthening of titanium alloys with various ceramic particles such as carbides, oxides, nitrides and borides, and the amount of powder added can be controlled online through the powder feeding system, thereby realizing the improvement of friction and wear performance of key structural positions according to the actual service requirements of parts;

[0018] (4) During the wire feeding process, the present invention drives a group of first rotating shafts to rotate through a motor. Due to the meshing of gears on the outer walls of the two groups of first rotating shafts, the two groups of first rotating shafts rotate in opposite directions, so that the titanium alloy wire can be straightened and transported to the wire feeding duct for delivery, so that the wire feeding duct can deliver the wire smoothly. At the same time, the first rotating shaft drives the first bevel gear to rotate, so that the second bevel gear drives the second rotating shaft to rotate. Since the first connecting shaft, the second connecting shaft and the belt body are used in conjunction, the reciprocating screw rod rotates synchronously, which can drive the movable frame to move back and forth laterally, and then the titanium alloy substrate placed on the movable frame moves back and forth laterally, so that the surface of the titanium alloy substrate is more uniform in additive manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of silk-powder synchronous laser additive manufacturing of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the silk-powder synchronous laser additive manufacturing straightening mechanism of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a microstructure image of the composite sample of WC ceramic particles and TC4 wire manufactured by laser additive manufacturing of the present invention after being etched with 10 vol% hydrofluoric acid for 1 minute, wherein (b) and (c) are partial enlargements of (a);

[0022] Figure 4 This is a macroscopic structural morphology of the substrate area, wire feeding additive area and ceramic particle reinforcement area of ​​the WC / TC4 composite material manufactured by silk powder composite laser additive manufacturing of the present invention after being etched with 10 vol% hydrofluoric acid for 1 minute;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the precipitation of the reinforcement phase and the organizational morphology of the corresponding area of ​​the WC / TC4 composite material manufactured by the silk powder composite laser additive manufacturing of the present invention after being corroded by 10 vol% hydrofluoric acid for 1 minute.

[0024] In the figure: 1. titanium alloy substrate; 2. high-frequency coil heating device; 3. high-speed camera; 4. ceramic particle powder; 5. annular laser beam; 6. titanium alloy wire; 7. wire feeding guide tube; 701. rectangular frame; 702. first rotating shaft; 703. motor; 704. transmission roller; 705. gear; 706. first bevel gear; 707. second rotating shaft; 708. second bevel gear; 709. reciprocating screw; 710. moving frame; 711. first connecting shaft; 712. second connecting shaft; 713. belt body; 8. powder feeding tube; 9. additive manufacturing specimen; 10. inert gas atmosphere chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] See also Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a process for manufacturing ceramic-reinforced titanium-based composite materials by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: First, ensure that the ceramic particle powder 4 can be smoothly fed into the powder feeding tube 8, and the titanium alloy wire 6 can be smoothly fed into the wire feeding guide tube 7 through the straightening mechanism, use sandpaper and rotary file to polish and remove the oxide scale and oil stains on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate 1, so that the titanium alloy surface reveals a fresh white bright metallic luster, and use alcohol and acetone to remove the surface oil stains and then put it into the inert gas atmosphere chamber 10, and place it on the moving frame 710 through the driving mechanism to make the titanium alloy substrate 1 move back and forth horizontally, and fill the inert gas atmosphere chamber 10 with inert gas to ensure that the oxygen content in the chamber is less than 100ppm;

[0028] Step 2: Move the high-frequency coil heating device 2 to the surface height of the titanium alloy substrate 1 and start heating. The temperature should be between 200°C and 600°C. The heating device is raised layer by layer along the growth direction of the additive manufacturing.

[0029] Step 3: Start silk-powder composite additive manufacturing, start the powder feeding system and the wire feeding system at the same time, and feed the ceramic particle powder 4 and the titanium alloy wire 6 into the molten pool generated by the annular laser beam 5 along the coaxial direction through the silk-powder composite laser processing head, wherein the main process parameters are laser power 2500W, scanning speed 360mm / min, wire feeding speed 100cm / min, powder feeding speed 600g / h, overlap amount 2.5mm and layer thickness 1.2mm;

[0030] Step 4: Additively manufacture the titanium-based composite material layer by layer according to the preset ceramic particle powder 4 content, and terminate the additive manufacturing after reaching the preset height. After the additive manufacturing is completed, the part is slowly cooled by controlling the coil, and the part cooling rate is less than 100°C / hour. The additive manufacturing is terminated when it is cooled below 100°C.

[0031] The titanium alloy wire 6 is TC4 wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm. The ceramic particle powder 4 is WC ceramic powder with a particle size range of 50-100 μm.

[0032] The straightening mechanism includes a rectangular frame 701 fixedly connected to the top of the wire feeding duct 7, a wire feeding hole matching the top of the wire feeding duct 7 is opened at the bottom of the rectangular frame 701, two groups of first rotating shafts 702 are symmetrically rotated and connected to the inner wall of the rectangular frame 701, a motor 703 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rectangular frame 701, the output end of the motor 703 is fixedly connected to one end of a group of first rotating shafts 702, the outer walls of the two groups of first rotating shafts 702 are fixedly provided with transmission rollers 704, and the outer walls of the two groups of first rotating shafts 702 are provided with two groups of gears 705 meshing with each other, and one group of first rotating shafts 704 is fixedly provided with transmission rollers 704. A first bevel gear 706 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of a rotating shaft 702, and a second rotating shaft 707 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the inert gas atmosphere chamber 10. One end of the second rotating shaft 707 extends to the inside of the rectangular frame 701 and is fixedly connected to a second bevel gear 708. The second rotating shaft 707 is rotatably connected to the rectangular frame 701, and the first bevel gear 706 is meshed with the second bevel gear 708. A driving mechanism for causing the titanium alloy substrate 1 to move back and forth laterally is provided at the bottom of the inert gas atmosphere chamber 10, so as to facilitate the straightening and transportation of the titanium alloy wire 6 during the wire feeding process.

[0033] The driving mechanism includes a reciprocating screw 709 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the inert gas atmosphere chamber 10, the outer wall of the reciprocating screw 709 is sleeved with a movable frame 710 threadedly matched with the reciprocating screw 709, the bottom of the inert gas atmosphere chamber 10 is provided with a limiting groove slidingly matched with the bottom of the movable frame 710, the outer wall of the second rotating shaft 707 is fixedly provided with a first connecting shaft 711, the outer wall of one end of the reciprocating screw 709 is fixedly provided with a second connecting shaft 712, and the outer walls of the first connecting shaft 711 and the second connecting shaft 712 are sleeved with a belt body 713, so as to facilitate the horizontal reciprocating movement of the titanium alloy substrate 1 during the wire feeding process.

[0034] Implementation principle: First, ensure that the ceramic particle powder 4 can be smoothly fed into the powder feeding tube 8, and one end of the titanium alloy wire 6 is inserted between the two sets of transmission rollers 704, turn on the motor 703, and the motor 703 drives a set of first rotating shafts 702 to rotate. Since the gears 705 on the outer walls of the two sets of first rotating shafts 702 are meshed, the two sets of first rotating shafts 702 rotate in opposite directions, thereby causing the two sets of transmission rollers 704 to rotate in opposite directions and straighten the titanium alloy wire 6 and transport it to the wire feeding duct 7 for delivery, so that the titanium alloy wire 6 can be smoothly fed into the wire feeding duct 7, and sandpaper and rotary files are used to polish it. The oxide scale and oil stains on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate 1 are removed by grinding to expose the titanium alloy surface to reveal a fresh white bright metallic luster. The surface oil stains are removed by using alcohol and acetone and then placed in an inert gas atmosphere chamber 10 and placed on a mobile rack 710. Inert gas is filled into the inert gas atmosphere chamber 10 to ensure that the oxygen content in the chamber is less than 100 ppm. The high-frequency coil heating device 2 is moved to the height of the surface of the titanium alloy substrate 1 and the heating is turned on. The temperature should be between 200°C and 600°C. The heating device is raised layer by layer along with the growth direction of the additive manufacturing. The silk-powder composite additive manufacturing is started, and the powder feeding system and the wire feeding system are started at the same time. The ceramic particle powder 4 and the titanium alloy wire 6 are coaxially fed into the molten pool generated by the annular laser beam 5 through the silk-powder composite laser processing head, and the titanium-based composite material is additively manufactured layer by layer according to the preset ceramic particle powder 4 content. During the additive manufacturing process, while the wire is being fed, the first bevel gear 706 is meshed with the second bevel gear 708, and the first rotating shaft 702 rotates to drive the second rotating shaft 707 to rotate synchronously, and the first connecting shaft 711 and the second connecting shaft 712 are connected to each other. 12 and the belt body 713 are used in coordination, and the reciprocating screw rod 709 rotates synchronously, so that the movable frame 710 of the outer wall moves back and forth laterally, and the movable frame 710 slides in the limit groove by its bottom for limit, and the movable frame 710 drives the titanium alloy substrate 1 to move back and forth laterally, so that the titanium alloy substrate 1 is distributed more evenly during additive manufacturing, and the additive manufacturing is terminated after reaching the preset height. After the additive manufacturing is completed, the parts are slowly cooled by controlling the coil, and the cooling speed of the parts is less than 100°C / hour. The additive manufacturing is terminated when the parts are cooled to below 100°C.

[0035] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for manufacturing ceramic-reinforced titanium-based composite materials by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: First, ensure that the ceramic particle powder (4) can be smoothly fed into the powder feeding tube (8), and the titanium alloy wire (6) can be smoothly fed into the wire feeding guide tube (7) through the straightening mechanism, use sandpaper and a rotary file to polish and remove the oxide scale and oil stains on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate (1), so that the titanium alloy surface reveals a fresh white bright metallic luster, and use alcohol and acetone to remove the surface oil stains and then put it into an inert gas atmosphere chamber (10), and place it on a moving frame (710) and use a driving mechanism to make the titanium alloy substrate (1) move back and forth horizontally, and fill the inert gas atmosphere chamber (10) with inert gas to ensure that the oxygen content in the chamber is less than 100ppm; Step 2: Move the high-frequency coil heating device (2) to the height of the surface of the titanium alloy substrate (1) and start heating. The temperature should be between 200° C. and 600° C. The heating device is raised layer by layer along the growth direction of the additive manufacturing. Step 3: Start silk-powder composite additive manufacturing, start the powder feeding system and the wire feeding system at the same time, and feed the ceramic particle powder (4) and the titanium alloy wire (6) into the molten pool generated by the annular laser beam (5) along the coaxial direction through the silk-powder composite laser processing head; Step 4: additively manufacture the titanium-based composite material layer by layer according to the preset content of the ceramic particle powder (4), and terminate the additive manufacturing after reaching the preset height. After the additive manufacturing is completed, the part is slowly cooled by controlling the coil, and the cooling rate of the part is less than 100°C / hour. The additive manufacturing is terminated when it is cooled below 100°C.

2. The process for manufacturing ceramic-reinforced titanium-based composite materials by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The titanium alloy wire (6) is a TC4 wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the ceramic particle powder (4) is a WC ceramic powder with a particle size range of 50 to 100 μm.

3. The process for manufacturing ceramic-reinforced titanium-based composite materials by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straightening mechanism comprises a rectangular frame (701) fixedly connected to the top of the wire feeding duct (7), a wire feeding hole matching the top of the wire feeding duct (7) is opened at the bottom of the rectangular frame (701), two groups of first rotating shafts (702) are symmetrically connected to the inner wall of the rectangular frame (701), a motor (703) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rectangular frame (701), the output end of the motor (703) is fixedly connected to one end of one group of the first rotating shafts (702), the outer walls of the two groups of the first rotating shafts (702) are fixedly provided with transmission rollers (704), and the outer walls of the two groups of the first rotating shafts (702) are provided with mutually meshing Two sets of gears (705) are connected together, one set of which is fixedly provided with a first bevel gear (706) on the outer wall of the first rotating shaft (702), the inner wall of the upper end of the inert gas atmosphere chamber (10) is rotatably connected with a second rotating shaft (707), one end of the second rotating shaft (707) extends to the inside of the rectangular frame (701) and is fixedly connected with a second bevel gear (708), the second rotating shaft (707) is rotatably connected to the rectangular frame (701), and the first bevel gear (706) is meshed with the second bevel gear (708), and the bottom of the inert gas atmosphere chamber (10) is provided with a driving mechanism for causing the titanium alloy substrate (1) to move back and forth laterally.

4. The process for manufacturing ceramic-reinforced titanium-based composite materials by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a reciprocating screw (709) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the inert gas atmosphere chamber (10); the outer wall of the reciprocating screw (709) is sleeved with a movable frame (710) threadedly matched with the reciprocating screw; the bottom of the inert gas atmosphere chamber (10) is provided with a limiting groove slidably matched with the bottom of the movable frame (710); the outer wall of the second rotating shaft (707) is fixedly provided with a first connecting shaft (711); the outer wall of one end of the reciprocating screw (709) is fixedly provided with a second connecting shaft (712); and the outer walls of the first connecting shaft (711) and the second connecting shaft (712) are sleeved with a belt body (713).

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