Flexible emergency water retaining and flood discharging embankment for small and medium-sized reservoir retaining dams

Abstract

The flexible emergency water retaining and flood discharging embankment comprises a water retaining sub-embankment arranged in the length direction of the water retaining dam, a flood discharging opening is formed in the water retaining sub-embankment, a flexible flood discharging channel arranged along the downstream face of the water retaining dam is connected to the flood discharging opening, and a plurality of water stopping energy dissipation ridges are evenly arranged in the flexible flood discharging channel at intervals. And an anti-impact gabion net gabion filled with riprap is arranged at the lower port of the flexible flood discharge channel. In the flood prevention and control process of the small and medium-sized reservoirs, the emergency water retaining sub-embankments and the overflow type emergency spillway can be rapidly constructed by utilizing the buoyancy type water retaining dam, the defense purpose of rapid flood discharge of over-standard flood of the small and medium-sized reservoirs is achieved, and the flood prevention and discharge safety of the reservoirs is ensured. The buoyancy dam, the protective layer cloth liner and the waterproof canvas are all disposable, the supports (the water retaining supports, the water retaining rods, the flow guide supports, the flow guide supporting rods, the transverse pressing rods and the longitudinal pressing rods) can be recycled, and the cost of one-time rescue is low. And large-scale popularization and application can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency flood discharge of water conservancy facilities, and in particular relates to a flexible emergency water retaining and flood discharge embankment used for water retaining dams of small and medium-sized reservoirs. Background Art

[0002] Small and medium-sized reservoir dams use new emergency water retaining sub-dikes during the flood season. Emergency water retaining sub-dikes have gradually evolved from traditional earthen dams to steel structures, rubber bodies, and new chemical material composite structures. However, emergency water retaining sub-dikes do not have matching spillways, which poses a great safety hazard. Once an excessive flood occurs during the summer flood season, it is easy to overflow. The flood fighting and rescue environment requires that emergency rescue methods be as simple, fast, and efficient as possible; they should be as light as possible to operate, reduce labor intensity as much as possible, and be as low-cost as possible. Therefore, it is urgent to design and improve the spillway structure of the existing emergency water retaining sub-dikes. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a flexible emergency water retaining and flood discharge embankment for small and medium-sized reservoir water retaining dams, which has a simple structure, is easy to install, has strong safety and reliability, can increase the height of the water retaining dam, and has basically no impact on the dam body when discharging flood water.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a flexible emergency water retaining and spillway embankment for small and medium-sized reservoir dams, comprising a water retaining sub-dike arranged along the length direction of the dam, a flood discharge outlet is opened on the water retaining sub-dike, the flood discharge outlet is connected to a flexible flood discharge channel arranged along the back water surface of the dam, a plurality of water-retaining and energy-dissipating ridges are evenly spaced in the flexible flood discharge channel, and an anti-collision gabion mesh stone cage equipped with riprap is provided at the lower port of the flexible flood discharge channel.

[0005] The water retaining sub-dike includes a number of water retaining bearings arranged at even intervals. The water retaining bearings are fixed on the water retaining dam by anchoring steel bar inserted into the water retaining dam. A water retaining rod is vertically fixed on each water retaining bearing. A buoyancy dam is laid on the water-facing side of all the water retaining rods. The lower side of the buoyancy dam extends to the water-facing side and is laid on the top surface of the water retaining dam.

[0006] The flexible spillway includes two diversion wing walls arranged symmetrically on the left and right. A protective layer of cloth is laid on the back surface of the dam between the two diversion wing walls. The upper part of the protective layer of cloth passes through the spillway and extends to be fixed to the top surface of the front side of the dam.

[0007] Each diversion wing wall includes a number of diversion supports which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the back water surface of the retaining dam, each diversion support is fixed on the back water surface of the retaining dam by a positioning steel bar inserted into the retaining dam, each diversion support is vertically provided with a diversion support rod, each diversion support is fixedly provided with a transverse pressure rod pressed on the protective layer pad cloth in the horizontal direction, a longitudinal pressure rod is provided at the inner end of the transverse pressure rod, an L-shaped diversion cloth is provided between the top of the transverse pressure rod and the inner side of the diversion support rod, the upper part of the L-shaped diversion cloth is fixedly connected to the diversion support rod, the right side of the L-shaped diversion cloth of the left diversion wing wall and the left side of the L-shaped diversion cloth of the right diversion wing wall are connected as a whole by a cable; the L-shaped diversion cloth on the left is correspondingly connected to the buoyancy dam on the left side of the flood discharge outlet, and the L-shaped diversion cloth on the right is correspondingly connected to the buoyancy dam on the right side of the flood discharge outlet.

[0008] A connecting ring is provided on the upper outer side of the guide support rod. All the connecting rings on the left side and all the connecting rings on the right side are connected in series through a steel cable. The top end of each steel cable is connected to an anchor pile, which is implanted inside the top surface of the dam.

[0009] A rectangular long groove is excavated along the length direction at the front side of the retaining dam, the front side of the protective layer pad cloth is arranged in the rectangular long groove along the inner wall of the rectangular long groove, and the protective layer pad cloth is filled with cloth-pressed crushed stones in the rectangular long groove.

[0010] Each water-dissipating sill includes a waterproof canvas arranged above the horizontal part of the L-shaped diversion cloth. The waterproof canvas is an isosceles trapezoid that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The upper side of the waterproof canvas is bent and fixedly pressed onto the transverse pressure rod and the longitudinal pressure rod by screws and T-shaped pressure plates, and the lower side of the waterproof canvas is bent upward and connected to the diversion support rod by a suspension rope. In two adjacent water-dissipating sills, the lower end of the waterproof canvas of the upper water-dissipating sill covers the upper end of the lower water-dissipating sill.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects compared with the prior art: 1) At the top of the dam of small and medium-sized reservoirs, on both sides of the flood discharge outlet at the upper end of the flexible spillway, an emergency water retaining sub-dike is constructed with a buoyancy dam. The height of the water retaining sub-dike is ≤1.0m, and the water retaining height of the water retaining sub-dike is ≤0.8m, thereby increasing the overall height of the dam.

[0012] 2) On the dam slope of the reservoir (the back side of the retaining dam), two retaining dams are built on the left and right sides of the laid geotextile protective layer mat as the diversion wing walls of the temporary spillway to ensure the safe discharge of flood overflowing from the retaining dam.

[0013] 3) When the flood overflowing from the reservoir flows down the emergency spillway, it has a strong impact and pulling effect on the diversion wing walls on both sides of the spillway and the protective layer pad at the bottom. Therefore, the anti-impact and stable design of the wing walls on both sides of the spillway and the protective layer pad at the bottom is of utmost importance to whether the entire flexible spillway can discharge flood safely.

[0014] Anti-scouring and stability design of the diversion wing walls on both sides of the flexible spillway and the protective layer mat at the bottom: First, dig a trench along the length of the dam at the mouth of the spillway (flood discharge outlet), bury the front end of the protective layer pad in the trench to ensure the stability of the upper part of the protective layer pad.

[0015] Second, when constructing an emergency spillway on the dam slope of the reservoir, press the water retaining bearings, transverse pressure rods and longitudinal pressure rods on the left and right sides of the protective layer pad, and use steel chisels to pierce the protective layer pad to fix it.

[0016] Third, use cables to connect the L-shaped guide cloth on the left and the L-shaped guide cloth on the right accordingly and tighten them, just like threading shoelaces, so that the L-shaped guide cloths on both sides are connected as one.

[0017] Fourth, an anchor pile is constructed on each side of the flexible spillway on the top of the dam. A steel cable is used to connect the diversion support rods on each side and anchor them on the anchor piles on the top of the dam, so that all the diversion support rods remain perpendicular to the dam slope.

[0018] Through the above four measures, it is ensured that the emergency flexible spillway can defend against the impact of the overflowing flood on the diversion wing wall and the bottom protective layer pad, thereby ensuring the safe and smooth completion of the overflow discharge of the reservoir.

[0019] 4) In the process of flood discharge along the flexible spillway, if there is no obstruction, the discharge speed will become faster and faster. If the reservoir dam is high, the water flow will pour to the bottom of the dam, and the flow rate may reach more than ten meters per second, which will have a greater impact and destructive effect. It is necessary to build a solid energy dissipation project at the bottom of the spillway, which requires a large investment. If several blocking sills are added during the flood discharge process to slow down the discharge speed of the water flow, the destructive effect of the water flow will be greatly reduced, thereby correspondingly reducing the investment in the energy dissipation project. For this reason, the present invention designs the spillway "Yongshui energy dissipation sill".

[0020] The Yongshui energy dissipation dam is an isosceles trapezoidal waterproof canvas. The upper side is pressed on the transverse pressure rods and longitudinal pressure rods with screws and T-shaped pressure plates. The lower side is bent upward and hung on the upper part of the diversion support rod with a lifting rope. A flexible pocket-shaped Yongshui dam is formed at the bottom of the waterproof canvas to delay the discharge of water and reduce the destructive effects of floods.

[0021] After multiple levels of water retention and waterfalls, the kinetic energy of the discharged water will be greatly weakened. When it reaches the bottom of the spillway, its flow rate is only 25% of that of smooth discharge. Compared with smooth discharge, the energy dissipation project at the bottom of the spillway can be greatly simplified. Only simple anti-impact gabion mesh stone cages are needed to meet safety needs, and the project investment can also be greatly reduced.

[0022] In summary, the present invention can use the buoyancy type water retaining dam to quickly build emergency water retaining sub-dikes and overflowing emergency spillways during the flood prevention and flood control process of small and medium-sized reservoirs, so as to achieve the defense purpose of rapid flood discharge of super-standard floods in small and medium-sized reservoirs and ensure the safety of flood prevention and flood discharge in reservoirs. The buoyancy dam, protective layer mat, and waterproof canvas in the present invention are all disposable, and the brackets (water retaining support, water retaining rod, diversion support, diversion support rod, transverse pressure rod, and longitudinal pressure rod) can be reused, and the cost of a single rescue is low. It can be widely promoted and applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is the overall structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the flexible spillway; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the Yongshui energy dissipation sill after removing the L-shaped guide cloth; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the waterproof canvas fixed on the transverse pressure rod and the longitudinal pressure rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the flexible emergency water retaining and spillway embankment for small and medium-sized reservoir dams of the present invention comprises a water retaining sub-embankment 2 arranged along the length direction of the dam 1, a spillway opening 3 is opened on the water retaining sub-embankment 2, a flexible spillway arranged along the back water surface of the dam 1 is connected to the spillway opening 3, a plurality of water-retaining and energy-dissipating ridges 4 are evenly spaced in the flexible spillway, and an anti-collision gabion mesh stone cage 5 equipped with riprap is provided at the lower end of the flexible spillway.

[0025] The water retaining sub-dike 2 includes a plurality of water retaining supports 6 evenly spaced apart, the water retaining supports 6 being fixed on the water retaining dam 1 by means of anchoring steel bars 7 inserted into the water retaining dam 1, a water retaining rod 8 being vertically fixed on each water retaining support 6, a buoyancy dam 9 being laid on the water-facing side of all the water retaining rods 8, the lower side of the buoyancy dam 9 extending toward the water-facing side and being laid on the top surface of the water retaining dam 1.

[0026] The flexible spillway includes two diversion wing walls 10 symmetrically arranged on the left and right. A protective layer of cloth 11 is laid on the back surface of the dam 1 between the two diversion wing walls 10. The upper part of the protective layer of cloth 11 passes through the spillway 3 and extends to be fixed to the top surface of the front side of the dam 1.

[0027] Each diversion wing wall 10 includes a plurality of diversion supports 12 arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the back surface of the water retaining dam 1, each diversion support 12 is fixed on the back surface of the water retaining dam 1 by a positioning steel chisel 13 inserted into the water retaining dam 1, each diversion support 12 is vertically provided with a diversion support rod 14, each diversion support 12 is fixedly provided with a transverse pressure rod 15 pressed on the protective layer pad 11 in the horizontal direction, and the inner end of the transverse pressure rod 15 is provided with a longitudinal pressure rod 16, and the transverse pressure rod 15 is provided with a longitudinal pressure rod 16. An L-shaped guide cloth 17 is provided between the top of the pressure rod 15 and the inner side of the guide support rod 14. The upper part of the L-shaped guide cloth 17 is fixedly connected to the guide support rod 14. The right side of the L-shaped guide cloth 17 of the left guide wing wall 10 and the left side of the L-shaped guide cloth 17 of the right guide wing wall 10 are connected as a whole through a cable 18; the L-shaped guide cloth 17 on the left is correspondingly connected to the buoyancy dam 9 on the left side of the flood discharge outlet 3, and the L-shaped guide cloth 17 on the right is correspondingly connected to the buoyancy dam 9 on the right side of the flood discharge outlet 3.

[0028] A connecting ring 19 is provided on the upper outer part of the guide support rod 14. All the connecting rings 19 on the left side and all the connecting rings 19 on the right side are connected in series through a steel cable 20. The upper end of each steel cable 20 is connected to an anchor pile 21, which is implanted into the top surface of the dam 1.

[0029] A rectangular long groove 22 is excavated along the length direction at the front side of the retaining dam 1 , and the front side of the protective layer pad 11 is arranged in the rectangular long groove 22 along the inner wall of the rectangular long groove 22 , and the protective layer pad 11 is filled with cloth-pressed gravel in the rectangular long groove 22 .

[0030] Each water-retaining energy dissipation sill 4 includes a waterproof canvas 23 arranged above the horizontal part of the L-shaped guide cloth 17. The waterproof canvas 23 is an isosceles trapezoid that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The upper side of the waterproof canvas 23 is bent and fixedly pressed onto the transverse pressure rod 15 and the longitudinal pressure rod 16 by screws 24 and T-shaped pressure plates 25. The lower side of the waterproof canvas 23 is bent upward and connected to the guide support rod 14 by a suspension rope 26. In two adjacent water-retaining energy dissipation sills 4, the lower end of the waterproof canvas 23 of the upper water-retaining energy dissipation sill 4 covers the upper end of the lower water-retaining energy dissipation sill 4.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1) On the top of the dam 1 of a small or medium-sized reservoir, on both sides of the flood discharge port 3 at the upper end of the flexible spillway, an emergency water retaining sub-dike 2 is constructed with a buoyancy dam 9, the height of the water retaining sub-dike 2 is ≤1.0m, and the water retaining height of the water retaining sub-dike 2 is ≤0.8m, thereby increasing the overall height of the dam 1.

[0032] 2) On the dam slope of the reservoir (back side of the water retaining dam 1), two water retaining dams 1 are constructed on the left and right sides of the laid geotechnical protective layer mat 11, serving as diversion wing walls 10 of the temporary spillway to ensure the safe discharge of flood water overflowing from the water retaining dam 1.

[0033] 3) When the flood overflowing from the reservoir flows down the emergency spillway, it has a strong impact and pulling effect on the diversion wing walls 10 on both sides of the spillway and the protective layer pad 11 on the bottom. Therefore, the anti-impact and stable design of the wing walls on both sides of the spillway and the protective layer pad 11 on the bottom is of utmost importance to whether the entire flexible spillway can discharge flood safely.

[0034] Anti-scouring and stable design of the diversion wing walls 10 on both sides of the flexible spillway and the protective layer pad 11 at the bottom: First, at the mouth of the spillway (flood discharge outlet 3), a trench is dug along the length direction of the dam 1, and the front end of the protective layer pad 11 is buried in the trench.

[0035] Second, when constructing an emergency spillway on the dam slope of the reservoir, the water retaining support 6, the transverse pressure rod 15 and the longitudinal pressure rod 16 are pressed on the left and right sides of the protective layer pad 11, and the protective layer pad 11 is fixed with a steel chisel.

[0036] Third, use the cable 18 to connect the L-shaped guide cloth 17 on the left side and the L-shaped guide cloth 17 on the right side accordingly and tighten them, just like lacing a shoe.

[0037] Fourth, an anchor pile 21 is constructed on each side of the flexible spillway at the top of the water retaining dam 1, and a steel cable 20 is used to connect the diversion support rod 14 in series and anchor it on the anchor pile 21 at the top of the dam.

[0038] Through the above four measures, it is ensured that the emergency flexible spillway can defend against the impact of the overflowing flood on the diversion wing wall 10 and the bottom protective layer pad 11, thereby ensuring the safe and smooth completion of the overflow flood discharge of the reservoir.

[0039] 4) In the process of flood discharge along the flexible spillway, if there is no obstruction, the discharge speed will become faster and faster. If the reservoir dam is high, the water flow will pour to the bottom of the dam, and the flow rate may reach more than ten meters per second, which will have a greater impact and destructive effect. It is necessary to build a solid energy dissipation project at the bottom of the spillway, which requires a large investment. If several blocking sills are added during the flood discharge process to slow down the discharge speed of the water flow, the destructive effect of the water flow will be greatly reduced, thereby correspondingly reducing the investment in the energy dissipation project. For this reason, the present invention designs the spillway "Yongshui energy dissipation sill".

[0040] The Yongshui energy dissipation sill is an isosceles trapezoidal waterproof canvas 23, the upper side of which is pressed on the transverse pressure rod 15 and the longitudinal pressure rod 16 by screws 24 and T-shaped pressure plates 25. The lower side is bent upward and hung on the upper part of the diversion support rod 14 by a suspension rope 26. A flexible pocket-shaped Yongshui sill is formed at the lower part of the waterproof canvas 23 to delay the discharge of water flow and reduce the destructive effects of floods.

[0041] After multiple steps of water retention and water drops through the water dissipation sill, the kinetic energy of the downstream water flow will be greatly weakened. When it reaches the bottom of the spillway, its flow rate is only 25% of that of smooth discharge. Compared with smooth discharge, the energy dissipation project at the bottom of the spillway can be greatly simplified. Only a simple anti-collision gabion mesh stone cage 5 can meet the safety needs, and the project investment can also be greatly reduced.

[0042] The above two embodiments do not impose any formal restrictions on the shape, material, structure, etc. of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flexible emergency flood dike for small and medium-sized reservoirs, characterized by: It includes a water retaining sub-dike arranged along the length direction of the water retaining dam, with a flood discharge outlet opened on the water retaining sub-dike, the flood discharge outlet is connected to a flexible flood discharge channel arranged along the back water surface of the water retaining dam, a number of water-retaining energy dissipation sills are evenly spaced in the flexible flood discharge channel, and an anti-collision gabion mesh stone cage equipped with riprap is provided at the lower end of the flexible flood discharge channel.

2. The flexible emergency flood retaining dam for small and medium-sized reservoirs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water retaining sub-dike includes a number of water retaining bearings arranged at even intervals. The water retaining bearings are fixed on the water retaining dam by anchoring steel bar inserted into the water retaining dam. A water retaining rod is vertically fixed on each water retaining bearing. A buoyancy dam is laid on the water-facing side of all the water retaining rods. The lower side of the buoyancy dam extends to the water-facing side and is laid on the top surface of the water retaining dam.

3. The flexible emergency flood retaining dam for small and medium-sized reservoirs according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The flexible spillway includes two diversion wing walls arranged symmetrically on the left and right. A protective layer of cloth is laid on the back surface of the dam between the two diversion wing walls. The upper part of the protective layer of cloth passes through the spillway and extends to be fixed to the top surface of the front side of the dam.

4. The flexible emergency flood retaining levee for small and medium-sized reservoir dams according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Each diversion wing wall includes a number of diversion supports which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the back water surface of the retaining dam, each diversion support is fixed on the back water surface of the retaining dam by a positioning steel bar inserted into the retaining dam, each diversion support is vertically provided with a diversion support rod, each diversion support is fixedly provided with a transverse pressure rod pressed on the protective layer pad cloth in the horizontal direction, a longitudinal pressure rod is provided at the inner end of the transverse pressure rod, an L-shaped diversion cloth is provided between the top of the transverse pressure rod and the inner side of the diversion support rod, the upper part of the L-shaped diversion cloth is fixedly connected to the diversion support rod, the right side of the L-shaped diversion cloth of the left diversion wing wall and the left side of the L-shaped diversion cloth of the right diversion wing wall are connected as a whole by a cable; the L-shaped diversion cloth on the left is correspondingly connected to the buoyancy dam on the left side of the flood discharge outlet, and the L-shaped diversion cloth on the right is correspondingly connected to the buoyancy dam on the right side of the flood discharge outlet.

5. The flexible emergency flood retaining dam for small and medium-sized reservoirs according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A connecting ring is provided on the upper outer side of the guide support rod. All the connecting rings on the left side and all the connecting rings on the right side are connected in series through a steel cable. The top end of each steel cable is connected to an anchor pile, which is implanted inside the top surface of the dam.

6. The flexible emergency flood retaining levee for small and medium-sized reservoir dams according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: A rectangular long groove is excavated along the length direction at the front side of the retaining dam, the front side of the protective layer pad cloth is arranged in the rectangular long groove along the inner wall of the rectangular long groove, and the protective layer pad cloth is filled with cloth-pressed crushed stones in the rectangular long groove.

7. The flexible emergency water retaining and flood discharge embankment for small and medium-sized reservoir dams according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that: Each water-dissipating sill includes a waterproof canvas arranged above the horizontal part of the L-shaped diversion cloth. The waterproof canvas is an isosceles trapezoid that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The upper side of the waterproof canvas is bent and fixedly pressed onto the transverse pressure rod and the longitudinal pressure rod by screws and T-shaped pressure plates, and the lower side of the waterproof canvas is bent upward and connected to the diversion support rod by a suspension rope. In two adjacent water-dissipating sills, the lower end of the waterproof canvas of the upper water-dissipating sill covers the upper end of the lower water-dissipating sill.

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