Concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation net type river ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation net type river channel ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection of river channel treatment in water conservancy projects. The three-dimensional vegetation net is arranged in the concrete prefabricated frame, the soil-embedded foot supports are arranged at the bottom of the concrete prefabricated frame and are laid in a matched mode, the slope protection structure is embedded into river bank slope soil through the soil-embedded foot supports to be fixed and laid on the surface of a slope body, and the three-dimensional vegetation net connected with the concrete prefabricated frame through the fixing steel sheets is arranged in the concrete prefabricated frame. The three-dimensional vegetation net of the porous structure provides a growth space for slope vegetation and a channel for forming a substance, information and energy circulation system among water, soil and organisms. The method is not limited by river terrains and is extremely high in adaptability; the use amount of concrete is reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, construction is easy, the problem that material exchange between water flow and river bank slope soil in a traditional ecological slope protection mode is lacked is greatly solved, and destructiveness of a treatment project to an original river ecological system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection for bank slope management of small rivers, and relates to a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation net-type river ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ecological slope protection technology is a technology that comprehensively applies the basic principles of engineering mechanics, ecology, hydraulic engineering, soil and water conservation, and biological sciences. It supports slopes by combining plants with engineering materials. On the premise of ensuring slope stability, it aims to enhance the biodiversity of the river slope system and to form a material, information, and energy circulation system between water, soil, and organisms, thereby achieving self-organization and self-repair. This makes the slope protection not only have a landscape effect, but also can repair polluted river water bodies and promote the formation of a healthy river ecosystem.

[0003] There are various types of existing river slope protection structures. Traditional river slope protection projects mostly use hard slope protection structures. Although the structure has good stability, it isolates the material exchange between soil and water, greatly damaging the river ecosystem. Although the existing ecological concrete slope protection uses a combination of hard slope protection and ecological slope protection to carry out ecological restoration, it has produced good ecological benefits, but the slope protection structure design is relatively complex, inconvenient for construction, poor stability and terrain adaptability, and high construction cost.

[0004] In recent years, vegetation blanket (three-dimensional vegetation net) slope protection technology has emerged, such as a three-dimensional vegetation net slope protection structure (CN218880913U) and a new three-dimensional vegetation net for ecological restoration (CN221501943U). Both patents provide slope protection types that are conducive to preserving river ecosystems. However, three-dimensional vegetation nets that are only fixed on a large surface by anchoring columns or locking anchor rods have poor stability. The grid will float in the air under the impact of water flow, thereby affecting water quality and being unfavorable for vegetation growth.

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned technical pain points, it is necessary to optimize the existing ecological slope protection structure and construction methods. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the existing slope protection technology, the present invention provides a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation net type river ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof, so as to realize the engineering protection and ecological restoration of the river bank slope and preserve the river ecosystem. At the same time, the slope protection structure is enhanced in stability by mutual interlocking, and a stable and firm support and protection structure is formed as a whole. The prefabricated parts have strong versatility, the assembly method is simple and easy to operate, the cost is low, and it is easy to partially repair and replace. The three-dimensional vegetation net does not appear to be overhead and can be replaced independently.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation net type river ecological slope protection structure, which is mainly composed of a plurality of ecological slope protection units interlocked with each other, and each of the ecological slope protection units is composed of a concrete prefabricated frame fixing a three-dimensional vegetation net;

[0008] The prefabricated concrete frame includes a hexagonal anti-collision platform and a soil-embedded foot support. Three soil-embedded foot supports are arranged at intervals along the side of the bottom of the hexagonal anti-collision platform. Steel sheets are arranged at the hexagonal corners inside the hexagonal anti-collision platform, and the three-dimensional vegetation net is connected to the hexagonal anti-collision platform through the steel sheets.

[0009] The ecological slope protection units are arranged in a manner that the side facades with embedded soil foot supports and the side facades without embedded soil foot supports fit each other.

[0010] Furthermore, an annular rope is provided at the edge of the three-dimensional vegetation net, and holes are provided on the steel sheet. The annular rope passes through the holes on the steel sheet to fix the three-dimensional vegetation net on the prefabricated concrete frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the top of the soil-embedded foot support is aligned and connected with the bottom of the side of the hexagonal anti-scour platform, and extends outward and tilts, and the bottom is inserted into the soil of the river bank slope.

[0012] Furthermore, the hexagonal anti-collision platform and the soil-embedded foot support are an integrated prefabricated concrete body of equal thickness and same material.

[0013] Furthermore, the frame length of the hexagonal anti-collision platform is 20 to 30 cm, and the height and thickness of the frame are both 4 to 8 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil-embedded foot support has an inclination angle of 50 to 70 degrees with respect to the vertical direction, and is a variable cross-section structure extending outward.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for fixing a three-dimensional vegetation network river channel ecological slope protection structure with a concrete prefabricated frame, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Select ecological slope protection units of appropriate size according to the on-site conditions of the river channel, trim the river bank slope surface, and determine the layout area of ​​the ecological slope protection structure as the stakeout area;

[0017] Step 2: Spread the imported soil along the river bank slope and pre-plant the grass seeds according to the engineering design and the laying density of the ecological slope protection structure;

[0018] Step 3: Starting from the bottom of the river bank slope, lay ecological slope protection units in the stakeout area. Every two adjacent ecological slope protection units are laid in a way that the side facades with embedded soil support and the side facades without embedded soil support fit each other. Press the upper plane of the hexagonal anti-scour platform until the embedded soil support is completely embedded in the river bank slope;

[0019] Step 4: Following the method of step 3, lay ecological slope protection units from the bottom upward along the river bank slope;

[0020] Step 5: Fill in the gaps left at the edge of the river bank slope until the entire ecological slope protection structure is completed.

[0021] Furthermore, the step 1 specifically includes:

[0022] Step 11: Determine the size of the prefabricated concrete frame, three-dimensional vegetation net and its fixing steel sheet according to the local geological conditions, hydraulic conditions and climatic factors of the river;

[0023] Step 12: Place the fixed steel sheet at the corresponding position in the mold in advance, and then prepare the prefabricated concrete frame;

[0024] Step 13: Maintain the prepared prefabricated concrete frame, pass the circular rope through the steel sheet to fix the three-dimensional vegetation net in the prefabricated concrete frame, and then transport it to the construction site for use.

[0025] Furthermore, the vegetation should be planted in a grass seed ratio selected according to the local climate, site conditions and soil type, and the vegetation is planted in the soil under the three-dimensional vegetation net.

[0026] Furthermore, after the ecological slope protection units are assembled in sequence, the soil-embedded foot supports on the lower plane of one of the prefabricated concrete frames are cross-embedded with adjacent soil-embedded foot supports from two different prefabricated concrete frames in the soil of the river bank slope, and a corner of the three soil-embedded foot supports overlaps.

[0027] The present invention has the following positive effects:

[0028] 1) The river ecological slope protection structure with a three-dimensional vegetation net fixed by a concrete prefabricated frame is prepared with vegetation concrete, and then assembled with the three-dimensional vegetation net. The structure has the characteristics of light weight, environmental friendliness, and good ecology. The three-dimensional vegetation net provides a growth space for vegetation and a channel for the material, information and energy circulation system between water, soil and organisms, realizing the engineering protection and ecological restoration of the river bank slope and preserving the river ecosystem.

[0029] 2) The river ecological slope protection structure with three-dimensional vegetation net fixed by prefabricated concrete frame can effectively resist the direct impact of water flow and reduce slope erosion. The concrete plane and three-dimensional vegetation net formed after the prefabricated concrete frame is laid and the vegetation grown in it can effectively resist the impact of water flow. The vegetation can also provide shelter and habitat space for river organisms.

[0030] 3) The river ecological slope protection structure with three-dimensional vegetation net fixed by concrete prefabricated frame has good terrain adaptability, which can greatly reduce the difficulty of construction and the amount of earthwork excavation; the prefabricated structure can greatly increase the construction speed, and has the function of anti-scouring while taking into account the function of slope reinforcement, making the protection effect better. In particular, the mutual interlocking of the embedded soil foot supports connects the ecological slope protection structure into a whole, and the embedded soil foot supports are embedded again after the concrete prefabricated frame is impacted, which greatly improves the stability of the slope protection structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is the assembly diagram of the river ecological slope protection structure device;

[0032] Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the top view of the concrete prefabricated frame;

[0033] Figure 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the prefabricated concrete frame viewed from above;

[0034] Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the top view of the assembly method of the prefabricated concrete frame;

[0035] Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the prefabricated concrete frame when assembled;

[0036] Figure 3 (c) is a schematic diagram of the embedded soil feet being embedded in the soil;

[0037] Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of a steel sheet;

[0038] Figure 4 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the outline of the steel sheet fixed in the prefabricated concrete frame;

[0039] Figure 4 (c) is a schematic diagram of the connection method between the three-dimensional vegetation network and the steel sheet;

[0040] Figure 4 (d) is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional vegetation net fixed to a prefabricated concrete frame through its steel sheet;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the concrete prefabricated frame-three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure laid out on the bank slope.

[0042] The reference numerals in the figure are: hexagonal anti-collision platform 1, three-dimensional vegetation net 2, soil-embedded foot support 3, vegetation 4, steel sheet 5, circular rope 21, river bank slope 6, river bank slope surface 61. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The specific implementation method of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following description is only used to help understand the present invention. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, modifications or improvements made by those skilled in the art to the present invention will also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0044] Example

[0045] This embodiment provides a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it is mainly composed of a number of ecological slope protection units interlocked with each other, and each ecological slope protection unit is composed of a three-dimensional vegetation net 2 fixed by a prefabricated concrete frame; the prefabricated concrete frame includes a hexagonal anti-collision platform 1 and an embedded soil foot support 3, and the ecological slope protection units are arranged in a way that the side facades with the embedded soil foot support 3 and the side facades without the embedded soil foot support 3 fit each other, and the embedded soil foot support 3 is embedded in the bank slope soil to achieve river bank slope protection.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the hexagonal anti-collision platform 1 in the prefabricated concrete frame is a hollow regular hexagonal prism, and three embedded soil feet 3 are arranged at intervals along the edges of the six side facades at its bottom. The top of the embedded soil feet 3 is aligned and connected with the bottom of the side of the hexagonal anti-collision platform 1, and extends outward and tilts, and the bottom is inserted into the soil of the river bank slope.

[0047] The hexagonal anti-collision platform 1 and the embedded soil support 3 are one-piece concrete prefabricated bodies of equal thickness and the same material. The embedded soil support 3 has an inclination angle of 50 to 70 degrees with the vertical direction, and is a variable cross-section structure extending outward. The frame length of the hexagonal anti-collision platform 1 is 20 to 30 cm, and the height and thickness of the frame are both 4 to 8 cm. After the ecological slope protection structure is laid out, a concrete plane with a width of 8 to 16 cm is formed at the junction of the prefabricated concrete frames and connected to the slope protection surface. On the one hand, the plane can resist the impact of water flow, and on the other hand, the plane provides a parade channel for river organisms, and the vegetation in the prefabricated concrete frame can serve as an anti-collision obstacle for river organisms.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the three-dimensional vegetation net 2 is a regular hexagon, and its size is slightly smaller than the inner frame of the precast concrete frame by 1 to 3 cm. In order to facilitate the fixation and replacement of the three-dimensional vegetation net 3, an annular rope 21 is provided on the edge of the three-dimensional vegetation net 2. At the same time, steel sheets 5 are respectively arranged at the hexagonal corners on the inner side of the hexagonal anti-collision platform 1. The steel sheets 5 are provided with holes 501. The annular rope 21 passes through the holes 501 on the steel sheets 5 to fix the three-dimensional vegetation net 2 on the precast concrete frame, which is convenient for fixation and replacement.

[0049] The three-dimensional vegetation net 2 is fixed in the prefabricated concrete frame by means of a circular rope 21 passing through a steel sheet 5, providing a space for vegetation growth and a channel for forming a material, information and energy circulation system between water, soil and organisms, and having an active protective effect on preventing vegetation from being washed away by water flow; the three-dimensional vegetation net is arranged in a prefabricated concrete frame, and the two are fixed on the river bank slope by embedded soil feet 3. It has a small size and strong stability. Under the action of water flow, it will not be suspended or float and affect the water quality of the river.

[0050] The steel sheet 5 should have strong corrosion resistance, and is made of stainless steel with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. Before preparing the concrete prefabricated frame, the steel sheet 5 needs to be punched (the hole diameter is slightly larger than the annular rope 21). Figure 4 As shown, three clamping strips are respectively arranged on both sides of one end of the steel sheet 5 and fixed at the internal hexagonal position when preparing the concrete prefabricated frame.

[0051] The above-mentioned construction method of fixing the three-dimensional vegetation network river channel ecological slope protection structure with a concrete prefabricated frame is used for Figure 5 The ecological protection of the river bank slope 6 with a gentle slope (45°) with erosion risk is explained as follows:

[0052] Step 1: Determine the size and parameters of the prefabricated concrete frame, the three-dimensional vegetation net 2 and its fixing steel sheet 5 according to the local geological conditions, hydraulic conditions and climate factors of the river bank slope 6 protection project.

[0053] Step 2: Prepare the three-dimensional vegetation net 2 and the steel sheet 5.

[0054] Step 3: When preparing the prefabricated concrete frame, the steel sheet 5 needs to be placed in the corresponding position in the mold in advance.

[0055] Step 4: After the prepared prefabricated concrete frame is cured, the annular rope 21 is passed through the steel sheet 5 to fix the three-dimensional vegetation net 2 in the prefabricated concrete frame, and then the three-dimensional vegetation net 2 is shipped to the construction site and placed in standby.

[0056] Step 5: Manually trim the river bank slope 61 to ensure the slope is flat, and determine the layout area of ​​the ecological slope protection structure as the layout area; if the turning radius of the river channel is too small, the river channel needs to be rectified.

[0057] Step 6: spread the foreign soil along the river bank slope surface 61, pre-plant the grass seeds of the water-emergent vegetation 4 according to the engineering design and the laying density of the ecological slope protection structure, and try to keep the flatness of the dam bank slope surface when planting with a seeder.

[0058] Step 7: Starting from the bottom of the river bank slope 61, place the assembled ecological slope protection structure in the layout area, and manually or mechanically press the upper surface of the prefabricated concrete frame until the embedded soil foot support 3 is completely embedded in the bank slope surface.

[0059] Step 8: When placing adjacent ecological slope protection structure units, attention should be paid to the laying method: every two slope protection structures are laid in a way that the side facade with embedded soil footing 3 and the side facade without embedded soil footing 3 fit each other.

[0060] Step 9: According to the laying method of step 7, the river bank slope surface 61 is laid completely in sequence.

[0061] Step 10: Fill the gap left at the edge of the river bank slope surface 61 until the entire ecological slope protection structure is laid.

[0062] The vegetation 4 should be planted in a scientific proportion of grass seeds with strong vitality, developed root system, strong disease resistance and short withering period according to the local climate, site conditions and soil type. The vegetation 4 is planted in the soil under the three-dimensional vegetation network 2.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, the laying method of the ecological slope protection unit is to fit the side facade with the soil-embedded foot support 3 at the bottom of one of the two different ecological slope protection structural units with the side facade without the soil-embedded foot support 3 at the bottom. Specifically, after laying out an ecological slope protection structural unit, select the side facade 111 with the soil-embedded foot support 31 at the bottom and the side facade 112 without the soil-embedded foot support 31, and fit them with the side facade 121 and the side facade 131 from two different ecological slope protection structural units, respectively, wherein the side facade 121 has no soil-embedded foot support 3 at the bottom, and the side facade 131 has a soil-embedded foot support 3 at the bottom. Through the laying method described above, the side facade 122 with the soil-embedded foot support 32 at the bottom and the side facade 132 without the soil-embedded foot support 31 from the two different ecological slope protection structural units naturally fit themselves. The soil-embedded foot support 3 is the main component for maintaining the stability of the ecological slope protection structure. After the ecological slope protection structure is laid on the river bank in a way that the side elevation with foot supports and the side elevation without foot supports fit each other. The embedded soil foot supports 31, embedded soil foot supports 32 and embedded soil foot supports 33 from three different ecological slope protection structure units that are adjacent as a whole are mutually nested in the soil of the bank slope. The three are only in rigid contact at the common point O, and each embedded soil foot support 3 will form two groups of such nested combinations with the other four adjacent embedded soil foot supports 3, so that all ecological slope protection structures on the slope are associated. This design can prevent the rigid contact of the embedded soil foot supports from causing stress concentration and destruction of the ecological slope protection structure, greatly improving the stability of the slope protection structure. After the upper plane of the concrete prefabricated frame is impacted by the water flow, the ecological slope protection structure is subjected to force to make the embedded soil foot supports with an inclination angle of 60° embedded into the soil again, thereby enhancing the stability of the slope protection structure. It is suitable for river ecological slope protection projects with gentle slopes, small water flows and suitable for vegetation growth.

[0064] The above-described embodiments merely express the implementation methods of the present invention, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure, characterized in that: It is composed of a number of ecological slope protection units interlocked with each other, each of which is composed of a three-dimensional vegetation net fixed by a prefabricated concrete frame; The prefabricated concrete frame comprises a hexagonal anti-collision platform and soil-embedded foot supports, three soil-embedded foot supports are arranged at intervals along the side of the bottom of the hexagonal anti-collision platform (1), steel sheets are arranged at the hexagonal corners inside the hexagonal anti-collision platform, and the three-dimensional vegetation net is connected to the hexagonal anti-collision platform through the steel sheets; The ecological slope protection units are arranged in a manner that the side facades with embedded soil foot supports and the side facades without embedded soil foot supports fit each other.

2. The concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The edge of the three-dimensional vegetation net is provided with an annular rope, and the steel sheet is provided with holes. The annular rope passes through the holes on the steel sheet to fix the three-dimensional vegetation net on the prefabricated concrete frame.

3. The concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top of the soil-embedded foot support is aligned and connected with the bottom of the side of the hexagonal anti-scour platform, and extends outward and tilts, and the bottom is inserted into the soil of the river bank slope.

4. The concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hexagonal anti-collision platform and the soil-embedded foot support are an integrated concrete prefabricated body of equal thickness and made of the same material.

5. A concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The frame length of the hexagonal anti-collision platform is 20 to 30 cm, and the height and thickness of the frame are both 4 to 8 cm.

6. A concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The soil-embedded foot support has an inclination angle of 50 to 70 degrees with respect to the vertical direction and is a variable cross-section structure extending outward.

7. A construction method for a three-dimensional vegetation network river channel ecological slope protection structure fixed by a prefabricated concrete frame, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Select ecological slope protection units of appropriate size according to the on-site conditions of the river channel, trim the river bank slope surface, and determine the layout area of ​​the ecological slope protection structure as the stakeout area; Step 2: Spread the imported soil along the river bank slope and pre-plant the grass seeds according to the engineering design and the laying density of the ecological slope protection structure; Step 3: Starting from the bottom of the river bank slope, lay ecological slope protection units in the stakeout area. Every two adjacent ecological slope protection units are laid in a way that the side facades with embedded soil support and the side facades without embedded soil support fit each other. Press the upper plane of the hexagonal anti-scour platform until the embedded soil support is completely embedded in the river bank slope; Step 4: Following the method of step 3, lay ecological slope protection units from the bottom upward along the river bank slope; Step 5: Fill in the gaps left at the edge of the river bank slope until the entire ecological slope protection structure is completed.

8. The construction method of a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river channel ecological slope protection structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The step 1 specifically includes: Step 11: Determine the size of the prefabricated concrete frame, three-dimensional vegetation net and its fixing steel sheet according to the local geological conditions, hydraulic conditions and climatic factors of the river; Step 12: Place the fixed steel sheet at the corresponding position in the mold in advance, and then prepare the prefabricated concrete frame; Step 13: Maintain the prepared prefabricated concrete frame, pass the circular rope through the steel sheet to fix the three-dimensional vegetation net in the prefabricated concrete frame, and then transport it to the construction site for use.

9. The construction method of a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river channel ecological slope protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vegetation should be planted in a grass seed ratio selected according to the local climate, site conditions and soil type, and the vegetation is planted in the soil under the three-dimensional vegetation net.

10. The construction method of a concrete prefabricated frame fixed three-dimensional vegetation network river channel ecological slope protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the ecological slope protection units are assembled in sequence, the soil-embedded foot supports on the lower plane of one concrete prefabricated frame are cross-embedded with adjacent soil-embedded foot supports from two different concrete prefabricated frames in the soil of the river bank slope, and the three soil-embedded foot supports have a corner point overlapped.

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