Passive multi-parameter monitoring system and method for coal mine goaf

Abstract

The invention provides a passive multi-parameter monitoring system and method for a coal mine goaf, and relates to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring, and the system comprises a multi-point laser optical fiber breeze monitoring device, an optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring device, a multi-point laser optical fiber methane monitoring device, a laser carbon monoxide monitoring device and a monitoring host. The four physical parameters in the goaf in the three-zone forming process of the goaf in the coal mine are monitored at the same time through the passive device, and the whole process of the evolution process of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf can be monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring, and in particular to a passive multi-parameter monitoring system and method for coal mine goaf areas. Background Art

[0002] When underground coal or gangue is mined, there will be cavities or hollow areas left in the coal mining area, namely goafs. Usually, these goafs are sealed with closed walls, so that the oxygen inside the goaf will gradually decrease due to the oxidation of residual coal. When the oxygen content in the goaf is reduced to a certain extent, different physical state areas are formed at different positions in the goaf, also called "three zones" (heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone). The oxidation of coal will stop, thereby preventing the residual coal in the goaf from causing fire accidents due to oxidation and heating. However, due to the characteristics of long advancement distance, thick coal seam, complex roof geological structure, and cracks on the closed wall or the empty side of the tunnel, it is easy to leak air and oxygen in the goaf during the continuous mining and excavation of the coal mine, or during the change of geological structure, which constitutes a hidden danger of spontaneous combustion in the goaf. Therefore, real-time long-term monitoring and early warning are required for the spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf of coal mines.

[0003] Since the goaf is in a sealed state, the staff cannot enter the site for monitoring. At present, the temperature of the goaf can be detected by using an observation hole to detect the concentration of characteristic gases such as carbon monoxide in the closed wall to infer the temperature inside the goaf. This method has the disadvantages of low efficiency, long detection cycle, and inaccurate data. In the related art, the vacuum pump and multi-core plastic bundle tube of the bundle tube sampling system can be used to take the gas from the pre-buried bundle tube sampling location. The changes in the concentration of gas components at each measuring point can be analyzed by a gas chromatograph, and the temperature inside the goaf can also be monitored by embedding temperature sensors. However, although there are related schemes for monitoring the temperature and / or gas in the goaf in the related art, there are still certain limitations, and it is difficult to fully monitor the evolution process of spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a passive multi-parameter monitoring system and method for coal mine goaf, so as to realize the whole process monitoring of the evolution process of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system, including: a multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring device, a fiber distributed temperature monitoring device, a multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring device, a laser carbon monoxide monitoring device and a monitoring host; the multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring device includes a multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor arranged in the goaf, and a multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring module connected to the multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor; the fiber distributed temperature monitoring device includes a fiber distributed temperature sensing optical cable arranged in the goaf, and a fiber distributed temperature sensing optical cable connected to the fiber distributed temperature sensing optical cable. The multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring device comprises a multi-point laser fiber methane sensor arranged in the goaf, and a multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring module connected to the multi-point laser fiber methane sensor; the laser carbon monoxide monitoring device comprises a laser carbon monoxide beam tube arranged in the goaf, and a laser carbon monoxide monitoring module connected to the laser carbon monoxide beam tube; the monitoring host is arranged outside the goaf, and the multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring module, the fiber distributed temperature monitoring module, the multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring module, and the laser carbon monoxide monitoring module are all integrated in the monitoring host.

[0006] Preferably, the multi-point laser optical fiber breeze sensor, optical fiber distributed temperature sensing cable, and multi-point laser optical fiber methane sensor are all passive devices.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of multi-point laser fiber optic breeze sensors are pre-buried at preset positions inside the closed wall of the goaf, and are connected to the multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring module of the monitoring host through optical cables.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of optical fiber distributed temperature sensing cables are pre-buried at preset positions inside the closed wall of the goaf, and are connected to the optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring module of the monitoring host through guide optical cables.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of multi-point laser fiber optic methane sensors are pre-buried at preset positions inside the closed wall of the goaf, and are connected to the multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring module of the monitoring host through optical cables.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of laser carbon monoxide beam tubes are preset and arranged at preset positions in the three zones of the goaf, and each laser carbon monoxide beam tube is connected to a laser carbon monoxide monitoring module.

[0011] Preferably, the monitoring host also includes a communication module, which is communicatively connected to an external terminal and is used for uploading monitoring data of a multi-point laser optical fiber breeze monitoring device, an optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring device, a multi-point laser optical fiber methane monitoring device, and a laser carbon monoxide monitoring device in real time.

[0012] Preferably, the communication module is communicatively connected to the external terminal via a switch, or the communication module is wirelessly connected to the external terminal.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring host also includes a power module, which is used to power the monitoring host and the multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring module, the fiber distributed temperature monitoring module, the multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring module, and the laser carbon monoxide monitoring module.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for passive multi-parameter monitoring of coal mine goaf, comprising:

[0015] Obtain real-time monitoring data of breeze, temperature, methane and carbon monoxide in the coal mine goaf;

[0016] Based on the breeze monitoring data, air leakage is monitored in the goaf; based on the temperature monitoring data, heat generation of coal oxidation in the goaf is monitored; based on the methane monitoring data, methane released by heat generation of coal in the goaf is monitored; based on the carbon monoxide monitoring data, carbon monoxide released by low-temperature oxidation of coal in the goaf is monitored.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention provides a passive multi-parameter monitoring system and method for coal mine goaf, which realizes the full process monitoring of the evolution process of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf. During the formation of the "three zones" in the goaf, four physical parameters inside the goaf are monitored simultaneously, from air leakage monitoring that may cause coal oxidation, to coal heating temperature monitoring caused by the oxidation process, to monitoring the excess methane concentration released due to coal heating, and then to monitoring the carbon monoxide released by low-temperature oxidation of coal. In this way, the full process monitoring of the evolution process of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf is formed, especially for different stages of spontaneous combustion in the goaf, different types of physical parameters are monitored, the types and amount of monitoring information are increased, and reliable technical support is provided for accurately judging the state of the goaf. In addition, the monitoring devices buried in the goaf all use intrinsically safe passive components to ensure the safety of monitoring inside the flammable goaf, and can be buried inside the enclosed wall of the goaf for a long time to conduct real-time online monitoring of the four main physical quantities of coal spontaneous combustion inside the enclosed wall of the goaf in the early stage, ensuring the reliability of the long-term monitoring process.

[0019] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a passive multi-parameter monitoring system for coal mine goaf provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-point laser optical fiber breeze monitoring device;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring device;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-point laser optical fiber methane monitoring device;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the laser carbon monoxide monitoring device.

[0026] Among them, 1. Multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring device; 11. Multi-point laser fiber optic breeze sensor; 2. Fiber optic distributed temperature monitoring device; 21. Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing cable; 3. Multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring device; 31. Multi-point laser fiber optic methane sensor; 4. Laser carbon monoxide monitoring device; 41. Laser carbon monoxide beam tube; 5. Monitoring host; 6. Enclosed wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention provides a passive multi-parameter monitoring system for coal mine goaf, such as Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, it includes: a multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring device 1, a fiber distributed temperature monitoring device 2, a multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring device 3, a laser carbon monoxide monitoring device 4 and a monitoring host 5. Among them, the multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring device 1 includes a multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor 11 arranged in the goaf, and a multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring module connected to the multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor; the fiber distributed temperature monitoring device 2 includes a temperature sensing optical cable 21 arranged in the goaf, and a fiber distributed temperature monitoring module connected to the temperature sensing optical cable; the multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring device 3 includes a multi-point laser fiber methane sensor 31 arranged in the goaf, and a multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring module connected to the multi-point laser fiber methane sensor; the laser carbon monoxide monitoring device 4 includes a laser carbon monoxide beam tube 41 arranged in the goaf, and a laser carbon monoxide monitoring module connected to the laser carbon monoxide beam tube. The monitoring host 5 is arranged outside the goaf, and the multi-point laser optical fiber breeze monitoring module, the optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring module, the multi-point laser optical fiber methane monitoring module, and the laser carbon monoxide monitoring module are all integrated in the monitoring host.

[0029] The multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor, fiber distributed temperature sensing cable, multi-point laser fiber methane sensor and laser carbon monoxide bundle tube in this embodiment are all composed of intrinsically safe passive devices. These sensing parts can be buried inside the closed wall of the goaf for a long time to perform real-time online monitoring of multiple parameters inside the closed wall of the goaf. This embodiment effectively solves the problem of opaque internal state information of the existing goaf, and can monitor and warn whether there is air leakage in the closed wall of the goaf, whether there is local temperature abnormality, and the distribution and change of methane and carbon monoxide concentrations in the closed wall 6 of the goaf.

[0030] In this embodiment, the breeze sensor adopts a multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor, the temperature sensor adopts a fiber temperature sensing cable, and the methane sensor adopts a multi-point laser fiber methane sensor. The multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor, the fiber temperature sensing cable, the multi-point laser fiber methane sensor and the bundle tube are respectively pre-buried in different preset positions in the closed wall of the goaf, and are connected to the monitoring host outside the closed wall through optical cables and bundle tubes. The multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor is connected to the wind measurement cable interface of the monitoring host through an optical cable; the fiber temperature sensing cable is connected to the temperature measurement cable interface of the monitoring host through a guide optical cable; the multi-point laser fiber methane sensor is connected to the methane monitoring cable interface of the monitoring device through an optical cable. The laser carbon monoxide bundle tube is also pre-buried in a preset position in the closed wall of the goaf, and the pump suction pipe of the pump-suction laser carbon monoxide monitoring device in the monitoring host is connected to the bundle tube in the goaf. Since the multi-point laser fiber breeze sensor, fiber distributed temperature sensor, multi-point laser fiber methane sensor and laser carbon monoxide bundle tube are all composed of intrinsically safe passive devices, these sensing parts can be buried inside the closed wall of the goaf for a long time to perform real-time online monitoring of multiple parameters inside the closed wall of the goaf. Each monitoring system can be equipped with 1-8 laser fiber breeze sensors, 1-8 temperature sensing cables, 1-8 laser methane sensors and 1-8 carbon monoxide bundle tubes.

[0031] During the formation of the "three zones" (heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone) in the goaf, the evolution of coal spontaneous combustion is monitored and analyzed simultaneously through four different physical parameters, the evolution of the actual physical state of the goaf is monitored and mastered, and corresponding early warning information is provided. For example, when there is a breeze in the goaf, and at the same time, it is found that the temperature in a certain area rises, and the methane concentration also begins to rise, indicating that there is a coal oxidation reaction. When the temperature reaches dozens of degrees, nitrogen injection measures should be taken; or, when the carbon monoxide concentration is dozens of ppm, attention should be paid. When the concentration increases to hundreds of ppm, although there is no fire yet, an early warning should be started. When the carbon monoxide concentration reaches 1000ppm, it indicates that it is close to ignition, and nitrogen injection measures should be taken.

[0032] The first parameter is to monitor the wind speed for air leakage in the goaf. Air leakage in the goaf of coal mines is one of the necessary conditions for the spontaneous combustion of residual coal and broken coal pillars in the goaf. Although the goaf is sealed with a closed wall during coal mining, as the coal seam is continuously mined, these closed goafs are affected by mining, which easily cause the deformation of the cavity or cavity area, cracks or collapse, and form local air leakage in the goaf. Air leakage will lead to an increase in the oxygen concentration in the goaf, which increases the risk of spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf due to oxidation. Therefore, in this embodiment, up to 8 ultra-high-sensitivity optical fiber breeze sensors are set at preset positions inside the goaf. These optical fiber breeze sensors are connected to the 8-channel breeze monitoring module integrated in the monitoring host through optical cables. The wind measurement range is 0-15m / s, the measurement accuracy is 0.05m / s, and the highest resolution is 0.001m / s. Air leakage monitoring below 0.25m / s can be achieved at 8 different locations. Fiber optic breeze sensor Figure 2 As shown, the sensor head includes a reference temperature grating and a flow measurement temperature grating. The measurement temperature grating is heated by a pump laser. When the temperature of the measurement temperature grating changes with the wind speed, its wavelength also changes accordingly. The reference temperature grating is thermally shielded from the breeze, and its temperature reflects the local ambient temperature and is not affected by the wind speed. Therefore, by measuring the relative change of the wavelength of the two gratings, the corresponding wind speed change can be detected. The multi-channel optical fiber breeze sensor is connected to the breeze monitoring module respectively, and the wind speed data is obtained after signal demodulation and processing, thereby realizing breeze monitoring.

[0033] The second parameter is to monitor the temperature rise of coal during oxidation and determine the possible locations of heat generation in the goaf. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the temperature measurement principle of the temperature monitoring device is based on the traditional distributed fiber optic temperature sensor, combined with a 1X8 optical switch to achieve multi-channel fiber optic temperature detection. Using the 8-channel distributed fiber optic monitoring device for mining integrated in the monitoring host, 8 1000-meter-long multi-mode temperature-sensitive optical cables can be monitored simultaneously, with a temperature measurement accuracy of ±1°C and a positioning accuracy of ±1 meter; these 8 optical cables can be reasonably arranged according to the distribution of different goafs and the size of each goaf. The device provides laser pulse signals to the 8 multi-mode temperature-sensitive optical cables on site through an optical switch, and collects scattered light signals through a photoelectric detector for analysis to obtain temperature data and corresponding location information along each optical cable. Combined with the air leakage monitoring results, if both breeze and heat can be monitored in the same goaf, it can be determined that there is a risk of spontaneous combustion in the goaf, and key monitoring and early warning are carried out.

[0034] The third parameter is to use a multi-point or multi-channel optical fiber methane monitoring device for mining integrated in the monitoring host to monitor the methane distribution and concentration change process in the goaf. Under normal pressure, the adsorption capacity of coal for methane decreases with the increase of temperature. If the temperature rises due to oxidation at a certain point in the goaf, the coal seam in this part will release excess methane in the closed goaf due to heat, thus changing the methane concentration and methane concentration distribution inside the goaf. Figure 4 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a methane monitoring device, including a multi-point laser fiber methane sensor, a multi-channel fiber optic splitting network, a signal processing module for signal transmission and reception, and a power module. The working principle of the device is based on the invention patent with publication number CN108375555A, entitled "Fiber Optic Methane Sensing Module, Fiber Optic Multi-point Photoelectric Methane Sensor and System". The methane monitoring device is designed based on laser spectroscopy analysis technology. The internal laser is coupled to the optical fiber and then distributed to multiple optical fiber channels (6-28 channels). Each optical fiber channel is connected to a passive fiber optic methane sensor probe. The monitoring range of each sensor head is 0-10%, and the accuracy is ±0.05% within the monitoring range of 0-1%, and the accuracy is ±5% of the true value within the monitoring range of 1-10%. The sensor head adopts a dustproof, waterproof and moisture-proof design. The optical power of the laser beam in the sensing gas chamber is less than 1mW, which meets the intrinsic safety requirements. The fiber optic methane monitoring device can monitor simultaneously through multiple fiber optic methane sensors, and the output data is uploaded to the monitoring room through the communication module of the control host, and the multi-point methane monitoring data is dynamically analyzed to provide intelligent early warning for abnormal situations. If the goaf is monitored to have breeze, temperature rise, and methane concentration rise at the same time, it indicates that there is coal oxidation reaction, and an early warning is issued. When the temperature reaches the set threshold, it indicates that the risk of spontaneous combustion is high, and nitrogen injection measures need to be taken.

[0035] The fourth parameter is to monitor the carbon monoxide concentration and concentration change process in the goaf. This is because in the initial stage of oxidation of residual coal in the goaf, when the heat generated by the oxidation reaction is not high, the coal temperature is in a low temperature and slowly rising stage. The main characteristic gases released by coal are CO, CO2 and CH4. Therefore, the CO concentration change can also be used as one of the main indicators for identifying coal spontaneous combustion fires. Since there may be a variety of gases in the goaf, conventional carbon monoxide sensors are prone to cross-interference. In this embodiment, a pump-suction laser carbon monoxide monitoring device is used. The device uses a 4.6m QCL laser as a light source, which can achieve a monitoring range of 0-2000ppm. Within the range of 0-10ppm, it can achieve a measurement accuracy of ±4ppm. In particular, the device has unique selectivity for carbon monoxide, and the monitoring results will not be interfered by other gases, water vapor, or dust. It plays an important role in accurately monitoring the concentration of carbon monoxide and its concentration changes. Figure 5As shown, the device includes a carbon monoxide monitoring module arranged in a monitoring host and 8 carbon monoxide bundle tubes arranged in the goaf. Through an air suction pump and a multi-channel bundle tube switch, a multi-channel carbon monoxide bundle tube is used to collect gas, and the collected gas is pre-treated for carbon monoxide detection. In order to make full use of the high sensitivity and anti-interference characteristics of the laser carbon monoxide monitoring device and obtain CO information in the "three zones" (heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone) at different positions in the goaf, the monitoring device and a device consisting of 8 bundle tubes are combined to form a multi-point gas extraction detection device that can perform multi-point gas extraction at different positions in the "three zones" of the goaf; each bundle tube is arranged at a preset position in the goaf according to the division of the "three zones" in the goaf and the sampling point arrangement principle that each zone should have two to three gas extraction points; the gas extraction sampling system includes a bundle tube division Road box, gas sampling pump, electromagnetic starter, bundle tube control box (gas pretreatment device, PLC control box); each bundle tube will extract the gas from the goaf through the bundle tube branch into the gas pretreatment device, and then connect to the carbon monoxide gas monitoring module; the start and stop of each bundle tube sampling is controlled by the connected electromagnetic starter, and the control of the electromagnetic starter is controlled by the switch quantity of the bundle tube gas control box; therefore, the 8-way bundle tube is connected to the gas inlet of the CO monitoring module in a predetermined order, and the gas extracted from the bundle tube is detected. If the goaf is monitored to have a breeze, an increase in temperature, an increase in methane concentration, and an increase in carbon monoxide concentration at the same time, it means that the risk of spontaneous combustion is high, and key monitoring is carried out, and nitrogen injection measures are taken if necessary; in addition, even if the temperature does not reach the set threshold for taking measures, but a breeze, an increase in methane concentration and an increase in carbon monoxide concentration are detected, the temperature is also increased. After the carbon monoxide concentration reaches the set threshold, nitrogen injection measures are also required.

[0036] The monitoring host has a power module, which uses a DC power supply to power the four monitoring devices respectively. The monitoring host displays and uploads the collected wind speed data, distributed temperature data, and CH4 and CO gas concentration data through the communication module. The uploaded data is transmitted through the switch, or wireless communication is achieved by using the wireless communication terminal of the communication module and the matching wireless remote control device. The monitoring host itself also has a display function, which can display the monitoring results in real time.

[0037] In some embodiments, based on the monitoring system provided above, a method for passive multi-parameter monitoring of coal mine goaf is further provided, comprising:

[0038] Obtain real-time monitoring data of breeze, temperature, methane and carbon monoxide in the coal mine goaf;

[0039] Based on the breeze monitoring data, air leakage is monitored in the goaf; based on the temperature monitoring data, heat generation of coal oxidation in the goaf is monitored; based on the methane monitoring data, methane released by heat generation of coal in the goaf is monitored; based on the carbon monoxide monitoring data, carbon monoxide released by low-temperature oxidation of coal in the goaf is monitored.

[0040] Through the scheme of this embodiment, the problem of opaque information on the internal state of the existing goaf can be effectively solved, and monitoring and early warning can be carried out for whether there is air leakage in the closed wall of the goaf, whether there is local temperature abnormality, and the distribution and change of methane and carbon monoxide concentrations in the closed wall of the goaf. The monitoring system of the present invention can simultaneously monitor the four physical parameters inside the goaf during the formation of the "three zones" in the goaf, from monitoring air leakage that may cause coal oxidation, to monitoring the heating temperature of coal caused by the oxidation process, to monitoring the excess methane concentration released due to coal heating, and then to monitoring the carbon monoxide released by low-temperature oxidation of coal, so as to form a full process monitoring of the evolution process of spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf, especially for different stages of spontaneous combustion of the goaf, monitoring different types of physical parameters, increasing the types and amount of monitoring information, and providing reliable technical support for accurately judging the state of the goaf; through the real-time monitoring of these four parameters and the comprehensive analysis of the changes in the recorded historical data, the accuracy of judging whether spontaneous combustion may occur can be further improved, so as to give alarm information in time and achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling the occurrence of coal spontaneous combustion disasters. Since the passive multi-parameter optical fiber sensor head, optical fiber cable and carbon monoxide bundle tube can be buried inside the goaf for a long time, the defect that electronic equipment cannot enter the goaf monitoring blind area is overcome. The system has low deployment cost and convenient passive device layout. The long-term collection of four parameters can make a comprehensive analysis and judgment of the goaf status, reduce the false alarm rate and missed alarm rate, and have good monitoring and early warning stability and reliability; through multi-channel passive sensor heads and bundle tubes, several goafs in different locations can be monitored at the same time, reducing the overall cost of monitoring; through the system, the four parameters are monitored simultaneously underground, and real-time analysis is carried out on site to realize real-time online monitoring of the operation status of the goaf, and the monitoring data information is directly transmitted to the ground monitoring center through the built-in network port, effectively overcoming the problems of monitoring data lag caused by the excessively long sampling gas transmission pipeline in the existing technology and the easy leakage and damage of long-distance pipelines, thereby greatly improving the real-time nature of gas monitoring and the timeliness, stability and reliability of early warning.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive multi-parameter monitoring system for coal mine goaf, characterized in that: include: Multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring device, fiber optic distributed temperature monitoring device, multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring device, laser carbon monoxide monitoring device and monitoring host; The multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring device includes a multi-point laser fiber optic breeze sensor arranged in the goaf, and a multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring module connected to the multi-point laser fiber optic breeze sensor; the temperature monitoring device includes a fiber optic distributed temperature sensing cable arranged in the goaf, and a fiber optic distributed temperature monitoring module connected to the fiber optic distributed temperature sensing cable; the multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring device includes a multi-point laser fiber optic methane sensor arranged in the goaf, and a multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring module connected to the multi-point laser fiber optic methane sensor; the laser carbon monoxide monitoring device includes a laser carbon monoxide beam tube arranged in the goaf, and a laser carbon monoxide monitoring module connected to the laser carbon monoxide beam tube; the monitoring host is arranged outside the goaf, and the multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring module, the fiber optic distributed temperature monitoring module, the multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring module, and the laser carbon monoxide monitoring module are all integrated in the monitoring host.

2. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-point laser optical fiber breeze sensor, optical fiber distributed temperature sensing cable, and multi-point laser optical fiber methane sensor are all passive devices.

3. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A number of multi-point laser fiber optic breeze sensors are pre-buried at preset positions inside the closed wall of the goaf, and are connected to the multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring module of the monitoring host through optical cables.

4. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Several optical fiber distributed temperature sensing cables are pre-buried at preset positions inside the closed wall of the goaf, and are connected to the optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring module of the monitoring host through guide optical cables.

5. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Several multi-point laser fiber optic methane sensors are pre-buried at preset positions inside the closed wall of the goaf, and are connected to the multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring module of the monitoring host through optical cables.

6. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of laser carbon monoxide beam tubes are preset and arranged at preset positions in the three zones of the goaf, and each laser carbon monoxide beam tube is connected to a laser carbon monoxide monitoring module.

7. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring host also includes a communication module, which is connected to an external terminal for real-time uploading monitoring data of a multi-point laser fiber optic breeze monitoring device, a fiber optic distributed temperature monitoring device, a multi-point laser fiber optic methane monitoring device, and a laser carbon monoxide monitoring device.

8. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The communication module is connected to the external terminal through a switch, or the communication module is connected to the external terminal through wireless communication.

9. A coal mine goaf passive multi-parameter monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring host also includes a power module, which is used to power the monitoring host and a multi-point laser fiber breeze monitoring module, a fiber distributed temperature monitoring module, a multi-point laser fiber methane monitoring module, and a laser carbon monoxide monitoring module.

10. A method for passive multi-parameter monitoring of coal mine goaf, characterized in that: include: Obtain real-time monitoring data of breeze, temperature, methane and carbon monoxide in the coal mine goaf; Based on the breeze monitoring data, air leakage is monitored in the goaf; based on the temperature monitoring data, heat generation of coal oxidation in the goaf is monitored; based on the methane monitoring data, methane released by heat generation of coal in the goaf is monitored; based on the carbon monoxide monitoring data, carbon monoxide released by low-temperature oxidation of coal in the goaf is monitored.

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