Dielectric resonator antenna and electronic device comprising same

Abstract

A dielectric resonator antenna comprises a dielectric resonator and a substrate. The substrate is provided with a planar feed circuit, and the dielectric resonator is located on the first side of the substrate. The planar feed circuit includes a first feed component and a second feed component. The first feed component and the second feed component are suitable for exciting two orthogonal DRA modes in the same frequency band. Due to the polarization diversity function, the antenna can be used for replacing two commercial Wi-Fi antennas. Meanwhile, the LED lamp can also be used as projection equipment for decoration and advertisement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates generally to radio frequency (RF) devices, and more particularly to dielectric resonator antennas. Background Art

[0002] Wi-Fi technology is widely used in the field of wireless communications [1], [2]. The global consumer Wi-Fi router market is huge, with a market value of US$6.701 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach US$9.341 billion in 2026 [3]. For Wi-Fi routers, the antenna part is crucial because it directly affects the transmission and reception of signals [4]-[9]. The antenna can be traced back to Heinrich Rudolph Hertz, who demonstrated the first wireless electromagnetic system in 1886. He used an end-loaded half-wave dipole and a square ring antenna as the transmitting and receiving antennas respectively

[10] . Guglielmo Marconi invented the monopole antenna that can send signals over long distances in 1901

[11] ,

[12] . Since then, many new antenna elements have been introduced. For example, the Yagi-Uda antenna was proposed in 1925

[13] . Later, the microstrip antenna was invented in 1973

[14] . In 1983, the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) was proposed

[15] , which has many advantages such as small size and high efficiency.

[0003] Optically transparent antennas have emerged as a result of the growing demand for invisible and aesthetically pleasing antennas. Generally speaking, there are two approaches to obtaining transparent antennas. The first approach is to use a transparent conductive film as the radiator portion. It is placed on a transparent printed circuit board substrate made of glass or polymethyl methacrylate. The transparent conductive film can be made of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)

[16] -

[18] . Alternatively, the transparent conductive film can also be made of nanocarbon

[19] , silver-coated polyester (AgHT) film

[20] , or conductive polymers

[21] . Recently, metal nanostructures have been developed to obtain transparent conductive films

[22] -

[24] . Generally speaking, when designing transparent antennas using transparent conductive films, significant power loss occurs due to the skin effect and high surface resistance of the conductive film. The higher the requirement for optical transparency, the thinner the conductive film needs to be, and the greater the power loss. Obviously, for conventional transparent antennas, there is a trade-off between antenna efficiency and optical transparency. For example, ITO with a thickness of 1.2 μm has an optical transparency of 60%, but a transparent patch antenna using it has a radiation efficiency of only 20% at 5 GHz

[17] . One way to alleviate this problem is to use a tiny metal grid of tens of microns. Since this method uses a good conductor, it can improve the conductivity and thus the radiation efficiency. By using a diamond-shaped metal grid with a thickness of 0.2 μm and a grid width of 3 μm, the transparency can be greatly improved to 88%. It is obtained by a photolithography process

[25] . Grid patch antennas made of silver alloy can be printed on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Due to its high efficiency of about 41%, it has become a new topic in display antennas (AoD). This can be seen from the fact that a large number of studies have focused on AoD and transparent antennas using metal grids

[26] -

[34] .

[0004] The transparent antenna discussed above has a conduction current on its radiating patch. In the second method, the transparent radiator does not conduct current. Transparent water patch antennas

[35] ,

[36] belong to this category. The transparency of this transparent antenna is as high as more than 80%, and its efficiency is higher than the above transparent antennas. DRA also belongs to this category. Its dielectric constant ε r Should be greater than a certain value, such as ε r>5 to obtain good polarization purity

[37] . Traditionally, DRAs are made of ceramics or composite materials. In 2009, glass DRAs were first proposed

[38] and K-9 glass was used in the demonstration. The optical transparency of this glass is as high as over 90%, which is even enough for use in telescope lenses. This glass DRA has both high optical transparency (greater than 90%) and high radiation efficiency (greater than 90%), thus breaking the dilemma of solid transparent antennas discussed above. Dual-function applications of glass DRAs have been studied, including lampshades

[39] ,

[40] , decorations

[37] , mirrors

[41] , and focusing lenses for solar panels

[38] . Different glass DRAs have been studied, such as multi-band

[40] , circularly polarized

[42] , and dual-polarized

[43] DRAs.

[0005] On the other hand, omnidirectional antennas are ideal for indoor applications because they can provide a wider coverage area. Compared with spatial diversity antennas, polarization diversity antennas can work continuously and stably in different indoor environments. Currently, monopole antennas are commonly used in indoor wireless communication systems, but they cannot provide ideal polarization diversity and azimuth omnidirectional coverage. Therefore, it is very useful to provide polarization diversity omnidirectional antennas for indoor applications. However, such antennas usually require multiple dielectric substrates, which increases the complexity and cost of the antenna.

[0006] References

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[51] J.Lai et al., "Design of a dual-polarized omnidirectional dielectric resonator antenna for capsule endoscopy system," IEEE Access, vol.9, pp.14779-14786, 2021. Summary of the invention

[0066] The present invention provides a dielectric resonator antenna in a first aspect, which includes a dielectric resonator and a substrate. A planar feeding circuit is arranged on the substrate, and the dielectric resonator is located on a first side of the substrate. The planar feeding circuit includes a first feeding component and a second feeding component. The first feeding component and the second feeding component are suitable for exciting two orthogonal DRA modes in the same frequency band.

[0067] Preferably, each of the first feed portion and the second feed portion has a substantially circular or annular shape. The first feed portion and the second feed portion are arranged concentrically. The first feed portion is located radially further outward on the substrate than the second feed portion.

[0068] More preferably, the first feeding part is an Alford Loop composed of a plurality of angular strips extending in an angular direction, and a gap is arranged between every two adjacent angular strips extending in the angular direction.

[0069] More preferably, a plurality of strip-shaped components extending along the angular direction are connected to a 1-4 power distributor, and the 1-4 power distributor is located radially further outward than the plurality of strip-shaped components extending along the angular direction.

[0070] More preferably, the substrate further comprises a first short-circuit through hole located at the input end of the 1-4 power divider, and the first short-circuit through hole is suitable for connecting the 1-4 power divider to the first feeder.

[0071] More preferably, the first short-circuit via is located near the circumference of the substrate.

[0072] In a variation of the preferred embodiment, the second feed portion includes a circular patch located at the center of the substrate, and a plurality of short-circuit stubs extending from the circular patch.

[0073] In another variation of the preferred embodiment, a plurality of shorting stubs start from the circular patch and extend in a radial direction of the circular patch.

[0074] In another variation of the preferred embodiment, the second feed portion includes a circular patch located at the center of the substrate and a plurality of short-circuit ends, each of which extends from the circular patch to a gap corresponding to the short-circuit end.

[0075] In yet another variation of the preferred embodiment, the substrate further comprises a second short-circuit via located at the center of the substrate. The second short-circuit via is suitable for connecting the circular patch to the second feed line.

[0076] In yet another variation of the preferred embodiment, the dielectric resonator is made of glass.

[0077] In yet another variation of the preferred embodiment, the dielectric resonator has a generally cylindrical shape.

[0078] In yet another variation of the preferred embodiment, the dielectric resonator has a dielectric constant greater than the dielectric constant of the substrate.

[0079] In another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, which includes a body, a lighting device located in the body or attached to the body, and a dielectric resonator antenna as described above. The dielectric resonator antenna is connected to the body. The dielectric resonator of the dielectric resonator antenna is made of glass, which is suitable for allowing light emitted by the lighting device to pass through the dielectric resonator and be emitted to the outside of the electronic device.

[0080] Preferably, the substrate of the dielectric resonator is formed with a hole. The lighting device is located on the second side of the substrate, opposite to the first side of the substrate. The hole is suitable for allowing light emitted by the lighting device to pass through and reach the dielectric resonator.

[0081] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna device, which includes a substrate, a dielectric resonator arrangement arranged on one side of the substrate, a first feeding arrangement operably coupled to the dielectric resonator arrangement to operate the antenna device as a first linear polarized antenna, and a second feeding arrangement operably coupled to the dielectric resonator arrangement to operate the antenna device as a second linear polarized antenna different from the first linear polarized antenna. The first feeding arrangement includes a first feeding circuit arranged between the substrate and the dielectric resonator arrangement. The second feeding arrangement includes a second feeding circuit arranged between the substrate and the dielectric resonator arrangement.

[0082] The antenna device is preferably an omnidirectional antenna capable of producing a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern.

[0083] The antenna device may be used to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic radiation or signals. The first linearly polarized antenna may be used to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic radiation or signals. The second linearly polarized antenna may be used to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic radiation or signals.

[0084] In some embodiments, the first linearly polarized antenna is a first linearly polarized omnidirectional antenna that can produce a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern.

[0085] In some embodiments, the second linearly polarized antenna is a second linearly polarized omnidirectional antenna that can produce a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern.

[0086] In some embodiments, the antenna arrangement may be operable simultaneously as a first linear polarized antenna and a second linear polarized antenna.

[0087] In some embodiments, the antenna device may selectively operate as a first linear polarization antenna and a second linear polarization antenna (eg, operate as one at the same time).

[0088] In some embodiments, the antenna arrangement may be independently operable as a first linear polarized antenna and a second linear polarized antenna.

[0089] In some embodiments, the first linearly polarized antenna is a vertically polarized antenna (for a substantially vertical polarization).

[0090] In some embodiments, the second linearly polarized antenna is a horizontally polarized antenna (for a substantially horizontal polarization).

[0091] The substrate may include one or more dielectric substrate layers. For example, the substrate may be a PCB substrate. The substrate may be in the form of a disc, for example, a substantially circular disc.

[0092] In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator arrangement includes a dielectric resonator element. In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator arrangement includes only a dielectric resonator element. The first feed circuit may be disposed between the substrate and the dielectric resonator element. The second feed circuit may be disposed between the substrate and the dielectric resonator element.

[0093] In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator element includes or serves as a dielectric resonator block. The dielectric resonator block may be a solid block without any holes, openings, voids, gaps, etc. For example, the shape of the dielectric resonator block may be a cylinder, a prism, or other regular or irregular shapes. The cylinder may be a straight cylinder. The cylinder may be a circular cylinder, an elliptical cylinder, a parabolic cylinder, a hyperbolic cylinder, etc. The prism may be a right prism. The prism may be a triangular prism, a rectangular prism, a cube, a polygonal prism, etc. In some examples, the shape of the dielectric resonator block may be an aesthetically pleasing object / article.

[0094] In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator element is at least partially substantially transparent (colored or colorless) or translucent (colored or colorless). Optionally, the dielectric resonator element includes one or more substantially transparent portions (colored or colorless) and / or one or more translucent portions (colored or colorless). Optionally, the dielectric resonator element is completely substantially transparent or completely translucent.

[0095] In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator element is at least partially made of one or more substantially transparent materials and / or one or more translucent materials. Optionally, the dielectric resonator element is completely made of one or more substantially transparent materials and / or one or more translucent materials. The one or more substantially transparent materials and / or one or more translucent materials can be glass, crystal, ceramic, composite materials, etc.

[0096] In some embodiments, the antenna device further includes a decorative arrangement arranged in or on the dielectric resonator element. Optionally, the decorative arrangement includes a picture or pattern applied to the inside or on the dielectric resonator element. For example, the picture or pattern can be printed in or on the dielectric resonator element. For example, the picture or pattern can be etched in or on the dielectric resonator element. For example, the picture or pattern can be printed in the dielectric resonator element. For example, the picture or pattern can be engraved on the dielectric resonator element. For example, the picture or pattern can be printed in or on the dielectric resonator element. For example, the picture or pattern can be embedded in the dielectric resonator element.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first feeding arrangement may be used to excite a transverse magnetic mode of the dielectric resonator arrangement. For example, the transverse magnetic mode may include a TM01d mode.

[0098] In some embodiments, the first feed circuit is substantially planar.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first feed circuit comprises a conductive patch element. Optionally, the conductive patch element is arranged so that in a plan view, the conductive patch element is approximately located at the center of the substrate. Optionally, the conductive patch element is approximately circular in a plan view.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first feed circuit further comprises a plurality of short-circuit ends, each of which extends from the conductive patch element. For example, each short-circuit end may extend substantially radially from the conductive patch element.

[0101] In some embodiments, the plurality of short-circuit end nodes are spaced apart in an angular direction (i.e., a circumferential direction around the center). In some embodiments, the plurality of short-circuit end nodes are spaced apart approximately uniformly in angle. In one example, the plurality of short-circuit end nodes are composed of four short-circuit end nodes spaced apart approximately 90 degrees in angle, forming two pairs of approximately opposite short-circuit end nodes.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first feeding arrangement further includes a plurality of short-circuit vias, each short-circuit via being connected to one of the plurality of short-circuit stubs.

[0103] In some embodiments, each short-circuit end includes a respective inner end located closer to the conductive patch element and a respective outer end located farther away from the conductive patch element, and each short-circuit via is respectively connected at or near the outer end of a corresponding short-circuit end. The inner end may be a radial inner end, and the outer end may be a radial outer end.

[0104] In some embodiments, the first feed arrangement further includes a probe feed electrically connected to the first feed circuit. In some embodiments, the probe feed may provide a feed port on the other side of the substrate opposite to the one side of the substrate. In some embodiments, the antenna device further includes a ground plane, which is arranged on the other side of the substrate relative to the one side of the substrate, and the probe feed includes: a first conductor extending through the substrate and electrically connected to the first feed circuit, and a second conductor electrically connected to the ground plane. In some embodiments, the probe feed includes a coaxial feed probe. The probe feed can be implemented using an RF connector, such as an SMA connector, an SMP connector, an N connector, an SMB connector, etc.

[0105] In some embodiments, the second feeding arrangement may be used to excite a transverse electric mode of the dielectric resonator arrangement. For example, the transverse electric mode may include a TE01d+1 mode.

[0106] In some embodiments, the second feed circuit is substantially planar.

[0107] In some embodiments, the second feed loop includes a plurality of conductive strip elements arranged substantially around the first feed loop (or the conductive patch element of the first feed loop). Optionally, the plurality of conductive strip elements have substantially the same shape and / or size (eg, area).

[0108] In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive ribbon elements are generally arc-shaped conductive ribbon elements.

[0109] In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive ribbon elements are angularly spaced apart. In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive ribbon elements are substantially uniformly angularly spaced apart.

[0110] In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive strip elements are arranged in a substantially circular path in plan view. Optionally, the substantially circular path is substantially coaxial with a center of the first feed circuit (eg, the conductive patch element of the first feed circuit) in plan view.

[0111] In some embodiments, the second feeding arrangement further comprises a power divider circuit electrically connected to the plurality of conductive ribbon elements.

[0112] In some embodiments, the power divider circuit is substantially planar.

[0113] In some embodiments, the power distribution circuit includes a plurality of conductive strips arranged on one side of a substrate.

[0114] In some embodiments, the second feed arrangement further includes a probe feed electrically connected to the power divider circuit. In some embodiments, the probe feed can be used to provide a feed port on the other side of the substrate opposite to one side of the substrate. In some embodiments, the antenna device further includes a ground plane, which is arranged on the other side of the substrate relative to one side of the substrate, and the probe feed includes: a first conductor extending through the substrate and electrically connected to the power divider circuit, and a second conductor electrically connected to the ground plane. In certain embodiments, the probe feed includes a coaxial feed probe. The probe feed can be implemented using an RF connector, such as an SMA connector, an SMP connector, an N connector, an SMB connector, etc.

[0115] Optionally, the substrate includes one or more grooves, such as a plurality of grooves, for passing light. In some embodiments, the plurality of grooves include the same shape and / or size (e.g., area). In some embodiments, the plurality of grooves include different shapes and / or sizes (e.g., area).

[0116] Optionally, the plurality of slots comprises a plurality of angularly spaced substantially arcuate slots. Optionally, the plurality of slots comprises a plurality of substantially uniformly angularly spaced substantially arcuate slots.

[0117] Optionally, in plan view, the plurality of slots are arranged on a substantially circular path. Optionally, in plan view, the substantially circular path of the plurality of slots is substantially coaxial with the substantially circular path of the plurality of conductive strip elements of the second feed circuit and / or the center of the conductive patch element of the first feed circuit.

[0118] Optionally, the one or more slots are arranged so that in a plan view the one or more slots are located in a region between the first feed circuit and the second feed circuit. In some embodiments, the one or more slots include a plurality of slots, and the plurality of slots are arranged so that in a plan view each of the plurality of slots is located in a region between the conductive patch element of the first feed circuit and a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive strip elements.

[0119] Optionally, the antenna device further comprises a light source for providing light to or through the dielectric resonator arrangement.

[0120] Optionally, the light source is at least partially received in one or more slots.For example, the light source may include one or more LEDs.

[0121] Optionally, the light source comprises a plurality of lamps, such as LEDs.

[0122] Optionally, the one or more slots include a plurality of slots, and each of the plurality of slots at least partially receives at least one lamp of the plurality of lamps.

[0123] Optionally, the light source is arranged outside of (and therefore not received by) one or more slots. Optionally, the light source is optically aligned with one or more slots.

[0124] In some embodiments, the antenna can operate at least in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Optionally, both the first linear polarization antenna and the second linear polarization antenna can operate at least in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. In some embodiments, the antenna can operate not only in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, but also in other frequencies or frequency bands.

[0125] In another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device comprising the above antenna device is provided. The electronic device may be a communication device. The communication device may be a router, such as a Wi-Fi router.

[0126] Other features and aspects will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.Any feature described herein in relation to one aspect or embodiment may be combined with any other feature described herein in relation to any other aspect or embodiment, as appropriate.

[0127] "Generally," "approximately," "substantially," "substantially," or similar terms of degree are used according to the context to account for manufacturing tolerances, degradation, trends, tendencies, imperfect physical conditions, etc. For example, the term "generally omnidirectional" means that strictly omnidirectional may not be necessary; the term "generally horizontally polarized" means that strictly horizontal polarization may not be necessary; the term "generally vertically polarized" means that strictly vertical polarization may not be necessary.

[0128] Unless otherwise indicated, when a numerical value is modified by a term of degree such as "about", such expression may include the stated value ±20%, ±15%, ±10%, ±5%, ±2%, or ±1%.

[0129] Unless stated otherwise, the terms "connected," "coupled," "mounted" or similar terms are intended to include both direct and indirect connections, couplings, mountings, etc.

[0130] It can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention provide a dielectric resonator antenna suitable for use in wireless communication systems, providing large signal coverage and stable wireless access for mobile terminals. Due to the polarization diversity function, the antenna can be used to replace two commercial Wi-Fi antennas that originally need to be configured separately. It can also be used as a projection device for decoration and advertising. Due to the small size, beautiful appearance and dual functions of the antenna, it will be very suitable for indoor applications.

[0131] In addition, previous polarization diversity omnidirectional antenna designs require printing feed circuits on multiple substrates, or drilling holes in dielectric resonators to accommodate probe feed probes. This leads to high complexity and high cost. In addition, drilling holes in glass is not conducive to aesthetics. Compared with these existing designs, the DRA antenna provided by the embodiments of the present invention has a compact structure and low cost. In some embodiments, the antenna only requires one substrate, and its dielectric resonator does not need to be drilled.

[0132] The above summary is neither intended to define the invention of the present application, which is measured by the claims, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0133] The above and further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments, which are provided by way of example only in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings include:

[0134] Figure 1 A side view of a single substrate omnidirectional dielectric resonator antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0135] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 A top view of the substrate and the planar feed circuit on top of the substrate in the antenna.

[0136] Figure 3 show Figure 1 A computer rendered perspective of an antenna.

[0137] Figure 4a A computer rendered perspective view of a DRA is shown, containing a circular patch with four shorted stubs.

[0138] Figure 4b A computer-rendered perspective of a DRA is shown, containing the Alford ring and four radial feeders.

[0139] Figure 4c A computer-rendered perspective view of a DRA is shown, containing two substrates containing circular patches and Alford rings, respectively.

[0140] Figure 5a Shows Figure 4a Simulated S-parameters of the antenna in .

[0141] Figure 5b for Figure 4b Simulated S-parameters of the antenna in .

[0142] Figure 5c Shows Figure 4c Simulated S-parameters of the antenna in .

[0143] Figure 6a show Figure 4a Simulated electric field distribution of the antenna in .

[0144] Figure 6b Shows Figure 4a Simulated radiation pattern of the antenna in .

[0145] Figure 7a Shows Figure 4b Simulated electric field distribution of the antenna in .

[0146] Figure 7b Shows Figure 4b Simulated radiation pattern of the antenna in .

[0147] Figure 8a Shows Figure 4c Simulated electric field distribution of the DR TM01δ mode of the antenna in .

[0148] Figure 8b Shows Figure 4c Simulated radiation pattern of the DR TM01 delta mode of the antenna in .

[0149] Figure 9a Shows Figure 4c Simulated electric field distribution of the DR TE01δ+1 mode of the antenna.

[0150] Figure 9b Shows Figure 4c Simulated radiation pattern of the DR TE01δ+1 mode of the antenna.

[0151] Fig.10 Shows Figure 1-3 Simulated S-parameters of the antenna in .

[0152] Fig.11 Yes Description Figure 1-3 Flowchart of the simulation S-parameters of the antenna in .

[0153] Fig.12a Yes, I brought it Figure 1-3 The antenna in a photo of a prototype Wi-Fi router.

[0154] Figure 12b Various glass dielectric resonators are shown with different pictures and / or features.

[0155] Fig.13a Shows Figure 1-3 Simulated and measured S-parameters of the antenna prototype.

[0156] Fig.13b Shown are the simulated and measured peak gains of the antenna prototype described above.

[0157] Fig.14a The simulated and measured radiation patterns of vertically polarized (VP) port 1 of the antenna prototype described above are shown.

[0158] Fig.14b The simulated and measured radiation patterns of the horizontally polarized (HP) port 2 of the antenna prototype described above are shown.

[0159] Fig.15 The measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the antenna prototype described above is shown.

[0160] Fig.16 The throughput comparison of a commercial monopole antenna pair and the above antenna prototype at different indoor locations is shown, where both antennas are installed on the same router and the antenna gains are close to each other.

[0161] Fig.17 A top view of a substrate and a planar feed circuit on top of the substrate in a single substrate omnidirectional dielectric resonator antenna according to a further embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0162] Fig.18 Demonstrates the installation of ceiling mounted electronic equipment consisting of Fig.17 antenna and also used as a projection device.

[0163] Fig.19 yes Fig.18 A photograph of a prototype of an electronic device showing LED light strings exposed in holes formed in a substrate.

[0164] In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar components in the several embodiments described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0165] Now watch Figure 1-3 The first embodiment of the present invention is a single substrate omnidirectional dielectric resonator antenna 20, which is suitable for exciting two orthogonal (e.g., vertical and horizontal) DRA modes at the same frequency, thereby achieving polarization diversity. The antenna 20 includes a dielectric resonator 22 and a substrate 24. In this embodiment, the dielectric resonator 22 is cylindrical and made of glass. The substrate 24 is circular and has a diameter greater than the diameter of the dielectric resonator 22. The dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator 22 is ε r , diameter is D, height is H, and the dielectric constant of the substrate is ε r1 , with a thickness of h s , with a radius of r g The dielectric resonator 22 is located on the first side of the substrate 24, and the two are arranged concentrically. A first port 40 and a second port 42 are configured on the second side of the substrate 24. The second side of the substrate 24 can be regarded as the ground plane of the antenna 20. The two ports 40 and 42 are responsible for HP and VP excitation respectively, which will be described in detail later, but from the Figure 1 As can be seen in FIG. 2 , the second port 42 is located at the circular center of the substrate 24 , while the first port 40 is offset from the center, and in particular, is located near the circumference of the substrate 42 .

[0166] A planar feed circuit is disposed on the substrate 24, for example, it can be printed on the first surface of the substrate 24. The planar feed circuit 24 includes two parts, namely, a first feed part and a second feed part. The first feed part and the second feed part are coplanar, and they are respectively used to excite one of two orthogonal DRA modes (i.e., HP and VP), which will be described in detail later. Although the two DRA modes excited by the first and second feed parts are orthogonal to each other, they are in the same frequency band. Figure 2 As shown, the first feeding part is an Alford ring concentric with the substrate 24, and the Alford ring includes a plurality of segments, each of which is a strip-shaped component 26 extending in an angular direction. Figure 2 As shown, there are four strip-shaped parts 26 extending in the angular direction, and the subtending angle α covered by each strip-shaped part 26 extending in the angular direction is close to 90 degrees. The width of each strip-shaped part 26 extending in the angular direction is w, and each strip-shaped part 26 extending in the angular direction is offset by r compared with the center of the substrate 24. s A gap 44 is formed between every two strip-shaped members 26 extending in the angular direction.

[0167] The above-mentioned Alford ring is connected to a 1-4 power divider 30, which divides the input power into four equal parts and feeds them to four strip components 26 extending in the angular direction. The power divider 30 includes a first stage 30a, which is roughly semicircular in shape and is located near the circumference of the substrate 24. The arc span of the first stage 30a is 180 degrees. At the midpoint of the arc of the first stage 30a, a first short-circuit through-hole 32 passing through the substrate 24 is provided, which electrically connects the power divider 30 on the first side of the substrate 24 with the first port 40 on the second side of the substrate 24. At both ends of its arc, the first stage 30a is respectively connected to the two second stages 30b of the power divider 30. From Figure 2 As can be seen from the figure, each second stage 30b is displaced 90 degrees compared with the first stage 30a, and the two second stages 30b are 180 degrees apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the substrate 24. The angular span of the two second stages 30b is 90 degrees. The first stage 30a is connected to the arc midpoint of each second stage 30b. In turn, each second stage 30b is connected to the two strip members 26 at one end of the two strip members 26.

[0168] Let's look at the second feeding part. Figure 2 As can be seen in FIG. 1 , the second feed section comprises a circular patch 28 located in the center of the substrate 24 and concentric with the Alford ring of the first feed section. The radius of the circular patch 28 is r p The circular patch 28 is connected to four short-circuit end sections 36, which extend radially outward. The length of each short-circuit end section 36 is l s The short-circuit end segments 36 are equidistantly spaced in the circumferential direction and offset from each other by 90 degrees. Each short-circuit end segment 36 corresponds to one of the four gaps 44 and points to the corresponding gap 44 .

[0169] The circular patch 28 is fed at its center position, which is also the center position of the substrate 24. A second short-circuit through-hole 34 is arranged at the center of the substrate 24, through which the circular patch 28 on the first side of the substrate 24 is electrically connected to the second port 42 on the second side of the substrate 24. In a specific embodiment, the first port 40 and the second port 42 are connectors for coaxial probes (feed lines of the antenna 20). In one example, each of these connectors has an inner conductor that extends through the substrate 24 and is electrically connected to the power divider 30 or the circular patch 28 on the first side of the substrate 24. The ground plane on the second side of the substrate 24 includes a corresponding hole so that the inner conductor does not contact the ground plane). The outer conductor of the connector is electrically connected to the ground plane. In addition, a third short-circuit through-hole 38 is arranged at the free end of each short-circuit end 36.

[0170] In one specific embodiment, the antenna 20 may have the following dimensions and characteristics (see Figure 1-2 ): ε r =6.85,D=59mm,H=24mm,r p =8.8mm,l s =3mm,r s =16.3mm,α=83°,w=7mm,h s =0.813mm,ε r1 =3.55,r g =80mm. Loss tangent of glass: tanδ=0.01, loss tangent of substrate: tanδ=0.0027.

[0171] In antenna 20, the second feeding section is used to excite the vertically polarized DR TM 01δ mode. The first feeding section is used to excite the horizontally polarized DR TE 01δ+1 mode. The following will explain Figure 1-3 The design method of the antenna 20 is shown.

[0172] For glass, it is best to use a planar feed circuit because this can reduce processing complexity and facilitate the realization of aesthetics. Figure 4a An antenna 120 including a circular patch 128 and four shorted stubs 136 is shown. Figure 4b Another antenna 220 is shown, which includes an Alford loop with four strip-shaped elements 226 extending in the angular direction. For comparison purposes, both antennas 120 and 220 are designed at 2.4 GHz, and their reflection coefficients are as follows: Figure 5a and Figure 5b As shown in FIG. 1 , it can be seen that the antenna 120 with the circular patch 128 and the short-circuit end 136 resonates at 2.45 GHz. The electric field distribution and radiation pattern of the antenna 120 are shown in FIG. Figure 6a and Figure 6b As shown, the DR TM of this antenna is 01δ mode. This resonant mode provides an azimuthal omnidirectional radiation pattern with vertical polarization.

[0173] for Figure 4b For the antenna 220 in FIG. 1 , the antenna is fed by one half of the Alford loop, while the other half is replaced by the ground plane to avoid interference with the circuit under the ground plane. Figure 5b It can be seen that the antenna 220 also has a resonance in this frequency band (2.45 GHz). This resonance mode shows a circular electric field pattern on the xoy plane, indicating DRTE 01δ+1mode. It is equivalent to a vertical magnetic dipole, which can provide a horizontally polarized azimuth omnidirectional radiation mode. Since the four radial feed lines 246 of the half Alford ring are located at the bottom of the dielectric resonator 222 made of glass, the four radial feed lines 246 will generate some radial electric fields to reduce the cross-polarization level. Through analysis, it is found that the smaller the distance between the strip components 226 extending in the angular direction, the greater the circulation, and the cross-polarization will also be reduced to a certain extent.

[0174] Although two planar feed circuits are used separately (such as Figure 4a and Figure 4b The circuit in Figure 1 can achieve omnidirectional radiation performance, but it is not easy to combine two planar feed circuits to obtain polarization diversity. This is because both feed circuits must occupy the central area of ​​the substrate. Figure 4c As shown, in order to combine them, two substrates 324a and 324b are used to support the feed line in the antenna 320. The circular patch 328 with four short-circuit end sections 336 is located on the top layer of the upper substrate 324a, while the Alford ring 326 and its feed circuit (not shown) are located on the top layer of the lower substrate 324b. In addition, a 1-4 power divider 330 is used to replace the feed radial line of the Alford ring (as shown in FIG. Figure 4b The radial feed line 246 in the TM can be used to avoid overlap of the two feeding coaxial probes. The initial size of the DR (dielectric resonator) can be based on the TM 01δ and TE 01δ+1 The resonant frequency of the mode is determined. Figure 5c As shown, antenna 320 obtains polarization diversity in the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band, and the isolation is as high as more than 20 dB. Figures 8a-9b The electric field distribution and radiation pattern in DR TM 01δ and TE 01δ+1 The modes are all well excited in antenna 320.

[0175] The antenna 320 achieves polarization diversity, but requires two substrates to design the feeding network. This is not compact and simple enough for consumer applications. Therefore, in order to simplify the feeding circuit and use only one printed circuit board, the embodiment of the present invention conceives a planar feeding scheme on a single PCB substrate, such as Figure 1-3 As shown in the antenna 20. As described above, the Alford ring of the strip-shaped component 26 extending in the angular direction and the circular patch 28 with the short-circuited end 36 are placed on the same layer. To avoid the overlap of the two feeding loops, the 1-4 power divider 30 feeding the Alford ring is located outside the loop. It should be noted that although the antenna structure is simplified, the radiation performance is not reduced. Studies have found that Figure 1-3The electric field distribution of the antenna shown (hereinafter referred to as the "proposed antenna") is similar to that of antenna 320. The two ports of antenna 20 still maintain the desired omnidirectional radiation pattern. Since the resonant mode of the loop is generated at 2.32 GHz and is consistent with the DR TE 01δ+1 The modes are combined, and the bandwidth of the horizontally polarized port (i.e., the first port 40) increases to 9.6% (2.28-2.51 GHz). Since the bandwidth of the vertically polarized port (i.e., the second port 42) is wider, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, the overlapping bandwidth of the two ports is 9.6%, which fully covers the 2.4GHz Wi-Fi band.

[0176] Fig.11 A design guideline is given to facilitate the design of polarization diversity glass antennas. TM 01δ and TE 01δ+1 The resonant frequencies of the modes can be calculated using equations (1) and (2) respectively:

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] Where c, D and H are the speed of light in vacuum, DR diameter and DR height respectively.

[0180] Next, a prototype of the antenna 20 (hereinafter referred to as the "antenna prototype") is introduced. The antenna prototype has been manufactured and measured to verify the simulation results. The feed circuit is a feed circuit with a dielectric constant of ε r1 =3.55, thickness is h s =0.813mm, and DR is made of K-9 glass (ε r =6.85,tanδ=0.01). Fig.12a A photo showing an omnidirectional glass DRA prototype installed in a Wi-Fi router, enclosed by a 3D-printed enclosure. Figure 12b Various designs of glass dielectric resonators are shown, as different images and / or characters can be formed on the glass. Although the dimensions of the glass should be fixed to maintain the operating frequency band, various images can be customized and engraved on the surface and inside of the glass with little effect on the radiation performance. This is because the thickness of the engraving is much smaller than the operating wavelength, and the removed portion is very small compared to the whole. This feature is very desirable for consumer electronics. In experiments related to the prototype, S-parameters were measured using an Agilent E5071C 4-port network analyzer, and the radiation pattern and gain were obtained using a Satimo Starlab system.

[0181] Fig.13aThe simulated and measured reflection coefficients of the antenna prototype are shown. As can be seen from the figure, the simulated results are basically consistent with the measured results. Figure 1 The second port 42 in the HP port 2 (corresponding to Figure 1 The 10dB impedance bandwidths of the first port 40 in the RF module are 13.5% (2.27-2.60GHz) and 9.9% (2.29-2.53GHz) respectively. Their overlapping bandwidth is 9.9%, which fully covers the 2.4GHz Wi-Fi band. The resonant mode of port 1 at 2.45GHz is controlled by DR TM 01δ mode, while the resonant mode of port 2 at 2.48 GHz is caused by the DR TE 01δ+1 The isolation between the two ports is higher than 27dB in the whole frequency band, indicating that the interference between them is very low.

[0182] Fig.13b The simulated and measured antenna peak gains of the antenna prototype are shown. Again, there is reasonable agreement between the simulated and measured results. It can be seen that the antenna gain is very stable in the 2.4GHz band, with a variation of less than 0.4dB. The measured gain of VP port 1 is 1.68-1.95dBi, while the measured gain of HP port 2 is 2.46-2.81dBi. It can be seen that the measured VP gain of port 1 is slightly higher than the simulated value. This is because the radiation beamwidth of port 1 is narrowed in the E-plane (φ=0°), which is caused by the stray radiation of the coaxial cable.

[0183] Figure 14a-14b The simulated and measured normalized radiation patterns of the antenna prototype at 2.44 GHz are shown. Both the simulated and measured radiation patterns show a null at θ = 0° (z direction), which is the ideal state of an azimuthally omnidirectional radiation pattern. This is because the equivalent electric dipole (TM 01δ ) and magnetic dipole (TE 01δ+1 mode) is along the z direction. Theoretically, their radiation cancels each other in this direction. The 3-dB beamwidths measured on port 1 and port 2 in the elevation plane (φ=0°) are 85° and 61°, respectively. This shows that the glass DRA has a wide coverage. On the azimuthal plane, the co-polarized field is 15 dB stronger than the cross-polarized field as a whole. The gain variation on the azimuthal plane is 2.4 dB, indicating uniform radiation around the antenna and stable signal coverage. The study also found that the radiation patterns are very stable at other passband frequencies, but they are not listed here for brevity.

[0184] Fig.15 Shows the measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) ρ e, which is a performance indicator of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The measured ECC can be obtained from the measured radiation pattern. It can be seen that due to the use of ideal orthogonal polarization, the ECC of the entire frequency band is less than -25dB, which is much lower than the -3dB standard.

[0185] In order to study the performance of glass antennas in Wi-Fi communication systems, such as Fig.12a As shown, the glass antenna was installed in a Wi-Fi router. Its throughput was measured using IxChariot (Keysight). During the measurements, the Wi-Fi router was placed near the center of the lab, while the mobile phone was moved to different locations to fully investigate the throughput performance. In addition, a pair of commercial monopole antennas with comparable antenna gain was used as a reference antenna to benchmark the performance of the prototype. It was also installed on the same Wi-Fi router and placed in the same location. Fig.16 The throughput performance of the reference antenna and the prototype is compared. Each throughput value is the average of five measurements. In other words, each antenna was tested 25 times. As can be seen from the figure, the throughput using the prototype antenna is generally higher than the throughput using the traditional monopole pair antenna, especially in the farther non-line-of-sight locations. Importantly, the performance of the glass antenna is not inferior in other locations. The study found that the throughput can be improved by 12% on average using the prototype. In addition, the throughput of the antenna prototype is more stable compared to the monopole pair. This result is consistent with the bit error rate comparison results studied in

[43] . In general, in Wi-Fi applications, the bit error rate using omnidirectional polarization diversity glass antennas is lower than the bit error rate using commercial space diversity monopole antennas

[43] . In addition, the polarization of the incident wave will change due to the indoor environment, resulting in a polarization mismatch with the space diversity monopole antenna. Using omnidirectional polarization diversity antennas can avoid this problem. As Figure 1-3 The glass antenna shown has polarization diversity and is not only aesthetically pleasing but also provides stable performance, making it an ideal choice for consumer Wi-Fi applications.

[0186] Table I Figure 1-3 The antenna in (referred to as “the proposed antenna” in Table 1) is compared with some reported omnidirectional DRAs. Referring to the table, it can be seen that many designs can only obtain single polarization

[45] -

[49] . Only a few reported designs have dual polarization

[43] ,

[44] ,

[50] ,

[51] . Although dual linear / circular polarization has been achieved, the feeding network requires two substrates

[44] ,

[50] . Dual linear polarization has been achieved using a single-layer substrate

[43] ,

[51] . However, this feeding method is not planar, so a hole must be drilled in the dielectric resonator to accommodate the feeding probe. In addition, the useful bandwidth is only 3.3%

[51] . In comparison, Figure 1-3The antenna in the paper uses a planar feed on a single substrate to achieve dual polarization. In addition, it has the widest available bandwidth of 9.9% compared to dual-polarization designs.

[0187] Table 1

[0188] Comparison of the proposed method with reported omnidirectional dielectric resonator antennas

[0189]

[0190] CP: Circular Polarization

[0191] HP: Horizontal polarization

[0192] VP: Vertical Polarization

[0193] LP: Linear Polarization

[0194] In summary, Figure 1-3 In the embodiment of the present invention, an omnidirectional polarization diversity glass dielectric resonator antenna using single substrate planar feeding is provided for a consumer Wi-Fi router. In the antenna, a planar feeding scheme is designed, which includes a circular patch equipped with a short-circuited end section and an Alford ring, using only one PCB substrate. It can excite two orthogonal dielectric resonator modes in the same frequency band, providing stable signal coverage. To verify the design, an antenna prototype was fabricated and measured. The measurement found that the available bandwidth was 9.9%, which fully covered the 2.4GHz Wi-Fi band. Within the working frequency band, the measured isolation was higher than 27dB. It was observed that the measured peak antenna gains of VP port 1 and HP port 2 were 1.68-1.95dBi and 2.46-2.81dBi, respectively. The measured ECC obtained from the radiated field was lower than -25dB throughout the frequency band. The antenna prototype has been used to replace the traditional spatial diversity monopole pair of commercial Wi-Fi routers. It was observed that the proposed glass antenna has a more stable throughput. In addition, the proposed glass antenna has a more beautiful appearance.

[0195] In addition to indoor applications, glass antennas can also be integrated with windows and displays. Undoubtedly, glass antennas also have potential in other consumer products such as displays and automotive electronics.

[0196] Let's look at it again Fig.17 , which shows a substrate and a planar feeding circuit of a polarization diversity omnidirectional dielectric resonator antenna 420 according to another embodiment of the present invention. For the sake of brevity, the following will not be described in detail. Figure 1-3 elements, features and their functions similar to those in the antenna. Instead, only Fig.17 The antenna shown is Figure 2 The antennas shown are different. Fig.17In the antenna 420 in FIG. 4 , the substrate 424 includes four substantially identical arc-shaped holes 450 for passing light. In a plan view, the four substantially arc-shaped holes 450 are angularly spaced apart and arranged on a substantially circular path (not shown in the figure, the path is substantially coaxial with the substantially circular path of the conductive strip element 426 and the center of the conductive patch element 428). More specifically, in a plan view, the four substantially arc-shaped holes 450 are arranged in four quadrants, and each hole is arranged in a corresponding region between the conductive patch element 428 and a corresponding one of the conductive strip elements 426.

[0197] In this embodiment, a light source ( Fig.17 The light source may be a light source for providing visible light, such as an LED. For example, each of the substantially arc-shaped holes 450 may receive one or more LEDs, which may provide visible light of the same color or different colors. The light source may provide light to or project light through the dielectric resonator, which in this embodiment is transparent and has a picture / pattern arranged inside or on it to project the pattern or picture outside the antenna 420 and any electronic device containing the antenna 420.

[0198] Fig.18 Shows Fig.17 This electronic device ( Fig.18 521). In this example, the electronic device 521 is mounted on a support structure 554 (e.g., a ceiling / wall). The electronic device 521 can be used as a wireless communication antenna and also as a projector for projecting a dielectric resonator ( Fig.18 images / patterns in or on the ). Fig.19 Shows the Fig.17 An example of an electronic device 621 designed and manufactured with antenna 420 in the embodiment of the present invention, which is used to operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Fig.19 The DRA in the electronic device 621 uses K9 glass (εr=6.85) to manufacture the dielectric resonator block 622, and prints the feeding circuit (including circular patches, short-circuit ends, strip components extending in the angular direction, power distribution circuits, etc.) on a substrate with a dielectric constant εr of 3.55 and a thickness hs of 1.524 mm.

[0199] Experiments (simulations and measurements) are Fig.19Similar to the previous experimental setup, the reflection coefficient was measured using an Agilent 4-port network analyzer E5071C, and the radiation pattern and antenna gain were measured using a Satimo Starlab system. The simulated and measured S-parameters, antenna gain, and radiation pattern of the electronic device 621 are similar to those of the previous experimental setup. Figures 13a-14b As shown in Figure 1-3 The antennas of the 621 are similar, so these results are not described again. In summary, there is reasonable agreement between the simulation results and the measured results of the electronic device 621. The measured -10-dB impedance passband of the VP antenna (port 1) is 2.27 GHz to 2.6 GHz, and the measured -10-dB impedance passband of the HP antenna (port 2) is 2.29 GHz to 2.53 GHz. The overlapping bandwidth is 9.95% (2.29 GHz to 2.53 GHz), covering the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band. In this example, the port isolation is higher than 27 dB. The VP antenna gain measured at port 1 at (φ=0°, q=60°) is approximately 1.1 dBi, while the HP antenna gain measured at (φ=0°, q=60°) is approximately 0.2 dBi. In one experiment, it was found that a higher gain of approximately 2 dBi can be obtained by increasing the size of the ground plane. In other words, the antenna gain can be increased by increasing the size of the ground plane.

[0200] The exemplary embodiments are described in detail above. Although specific embodiments are mentioned in the description, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented by variations of these specific details. Therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0201] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described and described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing description, they should be regarded as exemplary rather than restrictive. It goes without saying that the present invention only shows and describes exemplary embodiments and does not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It is understood that any feature described herein can be used in any embodiment. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are not mutually exclusive, nor are they exclusive of other embodiments not described herein. Therefore, the present invention also provides an embodiment comprising a combination of one or more of the above-mentioned illustrative embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention described herein may be modified and varied, and therefore, only the limitations specified in the appended claims should be applied.

[0202] Although the exemplary embodiments described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings each relate only to a single antenna arrangement, those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention are also applicable to antenna array / MIMO designs.

[0203] It will be appreciated that the present invention is capable of projecting many different pictures and / or characters on a surface through light. The type of picture or character is virtually unlimited, as the pattern or picture can be printed or engraved on the dielectric block. In particular, the dielectric resonator block in different embodiments can have different shapes, sizes, forms, etc. For example, the shape of the dielectric resonator block can be a cylinder, a prism, etc. In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator block can be transparent. In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator block can be made of glass or other transparent materials. In some embodiments, the pattern and / or picture can be arranged in or on the dielectric resonator block (for example, printed or etched thereon). In some embodiments, the picture is arranged on a transparent dielectric block, and the picture can be projected and magnified by the light source. In some embodiments, the position of the light source can be adjusted to change the projection effect. In different embodiments, the portion of the substrate removed to accommodate the light source can have different shapes, sizes, forms, etc. In some example applications, the antenna or antenna device can be mounted on a support structure (such as a ceiling, wall, table, etc.), and the corresponding picture / pattern projection can be on another structure (such as the ground, wall, ceiling, etc.) for decoration and / or advertising.

[0204] In some embodiments, the antenna device can be integrated with a lighting device (such as a lamp). In some embodiments, the antenna device integrated with the lighting device can be used not only as a wireless communication antenna, but also as a projector for projecting light, patterns, pictures, etc. for decoration and / or advertising.

Claims

1. A dielectric resonator antenna, comprising: Dielectric resonator; as well as A substrate having a planar feeding circuit disposed thereon; The dielectric resonator is located on a first side of the substrate; The planar feeding circuit includes a first feeding component and a second feeding component; the first feeding component and the second feeding component are suitable for exciting two orthogonal DRA modes in the same frequency band.

2. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, wherein each of the first feed section and the second feed section has a substantially circular or annular shape; The first feed portion and the second feed portion are arranged concentrically; The first feeding portion is located on the substrate more radially outward than the second feeding portion.

3. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The first feeding part is an Alford ring composed of a plurality of strip-shaped components extending in an angular direction; a gap is arranged between every two adjacent strip-shaped components extending in the angular direction.

4. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of strip-shaped components extending in the angular direction are connected to a 1-4 power divider, and the 1-4 power divider is located radially further outward than the plurality of strip-shaped components extending in the angular direction.

5. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 3, wherein the substrate further comprises a first short-circuit through hole located at the input end of the 1-4 power divider; the first short-circuit through hole being suitable for connecting the 1-4 power divider to a first feed line. 6 . The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 5 , wherein the first short-circuit via hole is located near a circumference of the substrate.

7. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, wherein the second feed portion includes a circular patch located at the center of the substrate, and a plurality of short-circuit stubs extending from the circular patch. 8 . The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 6 , wherein the plurality of short-circuit ends start from the circular patch and extend in a radial direction of the circular patch.

9. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 3, wherein the second feeding portion comprises a circular patch located at the center of the substrate and a plurality of short-circuit end nodes; each of the short-circuit end nodes extends from the circular patch to a gap corresponding to the short-circuit end node.

10. The dielectric resonator antenna of claim 6, wherein the substrate further comprises a second short-circuit via located at a center of the substrate; the second short-circuit via is adapted to connect the circular patch to the second feed line.

11. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric resonator is made of glass.

12. The dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric resonator has a generally cylindrical shape.

13. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, wherein a dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator is greater than a dielectric constant of the substrate.

14. An electronic device comprising: ontology; a lighting device located in or attached to the body; The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1; the dielectric resonator antenna is connected to the body; The dielectric resonator of the dielectric resonator antenna is made of glass, which is suitable for allowing the light emitted by the lighting device to pass through the dielectric resonator and be emitted to the outside of the electronic device.

15. The electronic device according to claim 14, wherein a hole is formed in the substrate of the dielectric resonator; the lighting device is located on a second side of the substrate, opposite to the first side of the substrate; and the hole is suitable for allowing light emitted by the lighting device to pass through and reach the dielectric resonator.

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